EP0803850A1 - Fire alarm system - Google Patents

Fire alarm system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0803850A1
EP0803850A1 EP97106132A EP97106132A EP0803850A1 EP 0803850 A1 EP0803850 A1 EP 0803850A1 EP 97106132 A EP97106132 A EP 97106132A EP 97106132 A EP97106132 A EP 97106132A EP 0803850 A1 EP0803850 A1 EP 0803850A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detectors
communication bus
fire alarm
alarm system
radio
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Granted
Application number
EP97106132A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0803850B1 (en
Inventor
Jürg Dr. Werner
Peter Dr. Ryser
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Siemens Building Technologies AG
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Cerberus AG
Siemens Building Technologies AG
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Application filed by Cerberus AG, Siemens Building Technologies AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Priority to EP97106132A priority Critical patent/EP0803850B1/en
Publication of EP0803850A1 publication Critical patent/EP0803850A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/04—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using a single signalling line, e.g. in a closed loop
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire alarm system with a control center, with decentrally arranged detectors and with a communication bus connected to the control center for the transmission of data and / or control signals between the detectors and the control center.
  • the detectors are connected to the communication bus via a wired channel.
  • a wired connection guarantees a very high level of transmission security, but makes the entire system relatively inflexible for changes in a room layout once selected or the function and / or occupancy of rooms. Because such changes usually require individual detectors to change their location, which, because of the necessary wiring, may involve extensive and in any case disruptive installation work.
  • the subsequent installation of such fire alarm systems with a wire between the communication bus and detectors in existing buildings, especially in those in which a fire alarm system was not originally planned, can be complex and expensive. This applies particularly to historical buildings.
  • a building management system for controlling peripheral devices arranged in different rooms of a building, such as lamps, fans, shutters and the like, is known.
  • This system contains a control center, a communication bus connected to it and transponders mounted at fixed locations in the building and connected to the communication bus.
  • the transponders which are provided for the wireless transmission of the bus signals to the peripheral devices, the signal transmission preferably being carried out by infrared radiation, are each arranged in the rooms containing the devices.
  • a fire alarm system is not about controlling decentralized detectors from the control center, but about sending danger signals from the detectors to the control center, this system cannot be used for a fire alarm system because of the infrared radiation. Because infrared radiation requires that there is "visual contact" between the transponder and the device to be controlled. And this means that the transponder and device must be arranged in the same room, and that care must be taken to ensure that the connection line between the device and the transponder is not interrupted, but this can be done relatively easily and unnoticed, for example, by moving furniture. In addition, the system is not suitable for retrofitting, especially of historical buildings, because of the requirement to mount the transponder and device in the same room.
  • the invention is now to provide a fire alarm system which, on the one hand, can be installed with little effort and can also be easily adapted to structural changes and can therefore also be used in particular for historical buildings, and which, on the other hand, has a high level of reliability and security for data transmission.
  • the fire alarm system to be created by the invention should have a high degree of flexibility, flexibility being understood to mean the ability to adapt to structural conditions and requirements.
  • the detectors are optionally connected to the communication bus via a wired or a wireless channel, in the latter case the relay devices connected to the communication bus are assigned to the relevant detectors for receiving the detector signals and feeding them into the communication bus , and that in the case of a wireless connection between the detector and the communication bus, the detector is arranged within the space to be monitored and the relay means outside of it and a plurality of detectors is assigned to each relay means.
  • the fire alarm system according to the invention is based on a completely new concept in terms of communication within the system, in that it proposes a type of hybrid system with wired and wireless channels, the selection of the respective communication type being carried out in such a way that the system is optimal in terms of transmission-related boundary conditions, transmission security and user benefit is adapted to the external conditions. It is not the case that the system is divided into two communication levels, so to speak, central / relay and relay / detector and one level is assigned to wired and the other wireless communication, but direct communication between the central and the detector is also possible.
  • a first preferred exemplary embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the invention is characterized in that the wireless connection is formed by a radio connection.
  • a fire alarm system according to the invention is to be installed, for example, in a hotel, the communication bus will be laid in the corridors and one or more relay means will be installed in each corridor depending on its length.
  • the communication bus will be laid in the corridors and one or more relay means will be installed in each corridor depending on its length.
  • the Communication between the detectors installed in the rooms and the assigned relay means will be chosen wherever this is possible using radio technology. This is because the choice of the wireless route, provided that this does not conflict with safety-related aspects, always results in a user benefit, because no lines have to be laid from the bus to the detectors.
  • a detector If a detector is to be installed in a radio-technically shielded room, such as in an air-raid shelter or in a basement with thick walls and / or metal doors or in a safety-critical room (boiler room, oil tank), then this detector will be used because of the safety aspects Connect a wire line to the communication bus.
  • the main advantage of the system according to the invention lies in the fact that, on the one hand, it is practically unlimited in size like a system with fully wired detectors, and on the other hand it is so extremely flexible and adaptable that it does not only improve the known wireless systems in terms of the required radio power and stability and interference immunity, but also in terms of flexibility.
  • a second preferred exemplary embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the invention is characterized in that the detectors provided for the wireless connection are designed for the detection of carbon monoxide.
  • a third preferred exemplary embodiment of the fire detection system according to the invention is characterized in that the detectors mentioned have an electrochemical sensor for measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide, which has a measuring electrode with a catalytically active material, a counter electrode with a carbon material and one with a measuring and counter electrode Contains electrolytes.
  • carbon monoxide sensors for fire detection has the advantage that the most dangerous gas is detected with the carbon monoxide. Since most of the victims of a fire have been proven to die of carbon monoxide poisoning, carbon oxide sensors are used with advantage where many people are, for example in hospitals, hotels, public buildings and the like.
  • the electrochemical sensors have the advantage that on the one hand they are very stable and have a lifespan of several years, and on the other hand they consume very little power, so that the battery required to operate the detectors also has a lifespan of several years.
  • FIG. 1 shows, approximately in the center of the picture, a corridor 1 in which fire detectors 2 and a communication bus 3 are installed and to which rooms equipped with fire detectors 2 *, 2 'are connected on both sides; Rooms from the basement are shown above hallway 1 and rooms from any upper floor below hallway 1.
  • the communication bus 3 is installed in the hallway of each floor, preferably in the ceiling of the hallway, and the communication buses on all floors are connected to a common center 4.
  • a relay 5 is also installed in aisle 1, the latter being connected to the communication bus 3.
  • the structure of the relay 5 can be seen from the block diagram of FIG. 2.
  • the fire detectors 2 installed in aisle 1 are conventional fire detectors, for example scattered-light smoke detectors or thermal detectors, which emit an alarm signal when the corresponding fire parameter is detected.
  • the fire detectors 2 are either radio detectors, which send the alarm signals wirelessly, by radio, or wire detectors, which send the alarm signals by wire and are connected to the communication bus 3 via a line (not shown) for this purpose.
  • the radio detectors are designated by the reference symbol 2 * in FIG. 1 and the wire detectors are identified by the reference symbol 2 '.
  • the rooms shown in the lower half of the figure are standard hotel rooms HZ, each of which has a wet room NZ and is equipped with a 2 * radio detector. If required, a 2 * radio detector can also be installed in the NZ wet rooms.
  • the radio detectors 2 * which are equipped with a suitable radio transmitter 6 according to FIG. 2, obtain the required electrical energy from a battery 7.
  • the radio signals of the radio detectors 2 * are received by the relay 5 and fed to the control center 4 via the communication bus 3.
  • the relay 5 has a radio receiver 8 and a microprocessor 9 for this purpose. The latter converts the received detector signals into corresponding digital signals.
  • the frequency of the radio signals is selected so that these walls can penetrate safely and is, for example, above 300 MHz, preferably in the range of approximately 430 or approximately 860 MHz.
  • the relay 5 also has a power supply unit 10 connected to a suitable power supply line.
  • the radio detectors 2 * preferably send out a status signal at periodic time intervals, for example every 30 to 60 minutes, which indicates that the detector battery 7 still has sufficient power. If this status signal is not received, a fault is displayed in the control center 4 for the radio detector 2 * concerned. In order to avoid a collision of different radio telegrams, the intervals between the transmissions of the status signal can also fluctuate randomly around an average.
  • the radio detectors 2 * which can be designed for the detection of any fire parameters, are preferably designed for the detection of carbon monoxide and have a corresponding CO sensor 11 (FIG. 2).
  • the CO sensors 11 can be installed in a multi-criteria detector, which additionally contains a heat sensor 12 and / or an electro-optical sensor for the detection of smoke, but they can also be used directly and without the use of sensors for other fire parameters as fire detectors.
  • the signals from the two sensors 11 and 12 are fed to an evaluation stage 13 which is connected to the radio transmitter 6.
  • the evaluation stage 13 is either a microprocessor or a system integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • carbon monoxide detectors certainly help save lives and can be used with advantage wherever there are many people, e.g. in hotels, hospitals, schools, public buildings and the like.
  • Electrochemical sensors of the type described in WO-A-93/10444 are preferably used as carbon monoxide sensors 11; these are sensors with a measuring electrode which contains a catalytically active material which can bring about a conversion of carbon monoxide with a counter electrode which contains a carbon material, and with an electrolyte that is in contact with the measuring and counter electrodes. These sensors are extremely stable and have a lifespan of several years, and they consume so little electricity that the battery 7 built into the radio detector 2 * also has a lifespan of several years.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is not to be understood as meaning that only one relay 5 is installed on each floor or in each aisle of the hotel. Rather, the locations of the relays 5 are selected such that only a relatively low power is required for the transmission of the detector signals, which extends the service life of the detector batteries 7 (FIG. 2).
  • the locations of the relays 5 are selected such that only a relatively low power is required for the transmission of the detector signals, which extends the service life of the detector batteries 7 (FIG. 2).
  • the locations of the relays 5 it must be ensured that the distance from the relay to the individual radio detectors 2 * does not exceed a certain maximum value, this value, which depends on the building materials used and the type of construction, by practical means Attempts is determined. In a hotel you can usually assume that a relay 5 must be provided for about 20 or 30 wireless detectors 2 *.
  • the section from the basement shown in the upper half of FIG. 1 shows three rooms, namely a cellar room KR on the left, which is used, for example, as a storage room, followed by a shelter SR and an anteroom VR of the shelter SR on the right.
  • the cross-hatching of the walls of the shelter SR and anteroom VR indicates that these walls are specially reinforced.
  • a radio detector 2 * is only provided in the cellar room KR, which is not problematic in terms of radio technology
  • a wire detector 2 ' which is connected to the communication bus 3 via a line, is installed in the protective room SR and in the anteroom VR.
  • These wire detectors are, for example, of the AlgoRex type from Cerberus AG ( Algorex - registered trademark of Cerberus AG, Gurnnedorf, Switzerland); they draw their electrical energy from the bus 3 and they are designed for two-way communication with the control center 4.
  • wire detectors 2 are not limited to areas which are problematic in terms of radio technology, but wire detectors can also be used in rooms and building areas which have to meet particularly high security requirements or where there is an increased risk of fire.
  • the type of communication is deliberately kept open to indicate that both types of communication can be used here.
  • the radio detector variant has the advantage of high flexibility and adaptability and requires less installation effort.
  • the variant Wire detectors offered the advantage of a very high level of security and extremely low susceptibility to faults, and they allowed the system to be expanded practically indefinitely.
  • the main advantage of the system described is that it offers both variants in a single system, and that the creator / operator has the option of opting from room to room or from detector to detector for the optimal option for them . Which of these two options he chooses depends on several criteria that can be summed up as follows: wire detectors for large distances, wire detectors for problem areas and otherwise radio detectors.

Abstract

The system has a central station with dispersed arranged detectors (2) and a communications bus (3) connected to the central station (4) for transferring data and/or control signals between the detectors and the central station. The detectors can be connected to the bus optionally via either a wired or wireless channel. In the latter case relays (5) receive the detector signals and pass them to the bus. Relays are mounted outside the monitored areas (HZ,NZ) containing the detectors. Each relay associates to several detectors.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brandmeldeanlage mit einer Zentrale, mit dezentral angeordneten Meldern und mit einem an die Zentrale angeschlossenen Kommunikationsbus zur Übertragung von Daten und/oder Steuersignalen zwischen den Meldern und der Zentrale. Bei den bekannten Brandmeldeanlagen dieser Art sind die Melder über einen drahtgebundenen Kanal an den Kommunikationsbus angeschlossen. Eine derartige verdrahtete Verbindung garantiert zwar eine sehr hohe Übertragungssicherheit, macht aber die gesamte Anlage relativ unflexibel für Änderungen einer einmal gewählten Raumaufteilung oder der Funktion und/oder Belegung von Räumen. Denn derartige Änderungen bedingen in der Regel, dass einzelne Melder ihren Standort wechseln müssen was darin wegen der erforderlichen Verdrahtung mit unter Umständen umfangreichen und jedenfalls störenden Installationsarbeiten verbunden ist. Auch der nachträgliche Einbau solcher Brandmeldeanlagen mit Drahtleitung zwischen Kommunikationsbus und Meldern in bestehende Bauten, insbesondere in solche, in denen eine Brandmeldeanlage ursprünglich nicht vorgesehen war, gestaltet sich unter Umständen aufwendig und teuer. Das gilt speziell für historische Bauten.The invention relates to a fire alarm system with a control center, with decentrally arranged detectors and with a communication bus connected to the control center for the transmission of data and / or control signals between the detectors and the control center. In the known fire alarm systems of this type, the detectors are connected to the communication bus via a wired channel. Such a wired connection guarantees a very high level of transmission security, but makes the entire system relatively inflexible for changes in a room layout once selected or the function and / or occupancy of rooms. Because such changes usually require individual detectors to change their location, which, because of the necessary wiring, may involve extensive and in any case disruptive installation work. The subsequent installation of such fire alarm systems with a wire between the communication bus and detectors in existing buildings, especially in those in which a fire alarm system was not originally planned, can be complex and expensive. This applies particularly to historical buildings.

Trotz der aufgezählten Nachteile der klassischen Brandmeldeanlagen mit Drahtverbindungen zwischen den Meldern und der Zentrale haben sich die an sich naheliegenden drahtlosen Funksysteme bis heute nicht durchsetzen können, weil sie einige grundsätzliche nachteilige Eigenschaften aufweisen. Einerseits muss jeder Problembereich drahtlos erreicht werden können, was unter Umständen eine hohe Funkleistung erfordert, und andererseits ist die Funkleistung und damit die Reichweite aus verständlichen Gründen beschränkt. Dazu kommt, dass solche Funksysteme bei grösseren Distanzen relativ unstabil werden.Despite the listed disadvantages of the classic fire alarm systems with wire connections between the detectors and the control center, the obvious wireless radio systems have so far not been able to prevail because they have some fundamental disadvantageous properties. On the one hand, each problem area must be able to be reached wirelessly, which may require a high radio output, and on the other hand the radio output and therefore the range is limited for understandable reasons. In addition, such radio systems become relatively unstable at longer distances.

Ein weiterer bei diesen drahtlosen Funksytemen nicht unwesentlicher Aspekt ist die Sicherheit gegen Störungen. Je ausgedehnter ein solches Funknetz ist, umso mehr Massnahmen müssen ergriffen werden, um die erwähnte Sicherheit zu gewährleisten. Als Beispiel sei hier das in der US-A-5,155,469 beschriebene Funksystem erwähnt, bei dem die Sensorsignale einem Sender zugeführt, codiert und dann mehrmals ausgesandt werden, wobei für die Pausen zwischen diesen mehrmaligen Aussendungen bestimmte Bedingungen gelten. Man sieht an diesem Beispiel, dass zur Erzielung einer ausreichenden Störsicherheit relativ aufwendige Massnahmen notwendig sind.Another aspect that is not insignificant in these wireless radio systems is security against interference. The more extensive such a radio network is, the more measures must be taken to ensure the security mentioned. An example is the radio system described in US Pat. No. 5,155,469, in which the sensor signals are fed to a transmitter, coded and then transmitted several times, with certain conditions applying to the pauses between these repeated transmissions. This example shows that relatively complex measures are necessary to achieve sufficient interference immunity.

Aus der EP-A-0 513 443 ein Gebäudeleitsystem zur Steuerung von in verschiedenen Räumen eines Gebäudes angeordneten peripheren Geräten, wie Lampen, Ventilatoren, Rolläden und dergleichen bekannt. Dieses System enthält eine Steuerzentrale, einen an diese angeschlossenen Kommunikationsbus und an fixen Orten im Gebäude montierte und an den Kommunikationsbus angeschlossene Transponder. Die Transponder, die zur drahtlosen Übertragung der Bussignale zu den peripheren Geräten vorgesehen sind, wobei die Signalübertragung vorzugsweise durch Infrarotstrahlung erfolgt, sind jeweils in den die Geräte enthaltenden Räumen angeordnet.From EP-A-0 513 443 a building management system for controlling peripheral devices arranged in different rooms of a building, such as lamps, fans, shutters and the like, is known. This system contains a control center, a communication bus connected to it and transponders mounted at fixed locations in the building and connected to the communication bus. The transponders, which are provided for the wireless transmission of the bus signals to the peripheral devices, the signal transmission preferably being carried out by infrared radiation, are each arranged in the rooms containing the devices.

Abgesehen davon, dass es bei einer Brandmeldeanlage nicht darum geht, dezentral angeordnete Melder von der Zentrale aus zu steuern, sondern darum, Gefahrensignale von den Meldern an die Zentrale zu senden, ist dieses System wegen der Infrarotstrahlung für eine Brandmeldeanlage nicht verwendbar. Denn die Infrarotstrahlung verlangt, dass zwischen Transponder und zu steuerndem Gerät "Sichtkontakt" besteht. Und das bedeutet, dass Transponder und Gerät im selben Raum angeordnet sein müssen, und dass streng darauf geachtet werden muss, dass die Verbindungslinie zwischen Gerät und Transponder nicht unterbrochen wird, was aber beispielsweise durch Umstellen von Möbeln relativ leicht und unbemerkt erfolgen kann. Ausserdem ist das System wegen der Forderung, Transponder und Gerät im selben Raum zu montieren, für Nachrüstung, insbesondere von historischen Gebäuden, nicht geeignet.Apart from the fact that a fire alarm system is not about controlling decentralized detectors from the control center, but about sending danger signals from the detectors to the control center, this system cannot be used for a fire alarm system because of the infrared radiation. Because infrared radiation requires that there is "visual contact" between the transponder and the device to be controlled. And this means that the transponder and device must be arranged in the same room, and that care must be taken to ensure that the connection line between the device and the transponder is not interrupted, but this can be done relatively easily and unnoticed, for example, by moving furniture. In addition, the system is not suitable for retrofitting, especially of historical buildings, because of the requirement to mount the transponder and device in the same room.

Durch die Erfindung soll nun eine Brandmeldeanlage angegeben werden, die einerseits ohne grossen Aufwand zu installieren und auch einfach an bauliche Veränderungen anpassbar und somit insbesondere auch für historische Bauten verwendbar ist, und die andererseits eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit der Datenübertragung aufweist. Ausserdem soll die durch die Erfindung zu schaffende Brandmeldeanlage einen hohen Grad an Flexibilität aufweisen, wobei unter Flexibilität die Fähigkeit zur Anpassung an bauliche Gegebenheiten und Anforderungen verstanden werden soll.The invention is now to provide a fire alarm system which, on the one hand, can be installed with little effort and can also be easily adapted to structural changes and can therefore also be used in particular for historical buildings, and which, on the other hand, has a high level of reliability and security for data transmission. In addition, the fire alarm system to be created by the invention should have a high degree of flexibility, flexibility being understood to mean the ability to adapt to structural conditions and requirements.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass die Melder mit dem Kommunikationsbus wahlweise über einen drahtgebundenen oder einen drahtlosen Kanal verbunden sind, wobei im letzteren Fall den betreffenden Meldern an den Kommunikationsbus angeschlossene Relaismittel zum Empfang der Meldersignale und zu deren Einspeisung in den Kommunikationsbus zugeordnet sind, und dass bei drahtloser Verbindung zwischen Melder und Kommunikationsbus der Melder innerhalb des zu überwachenden Raumes und das Relaismittel ausserhalb von diesem angeordnet und jedem Relaismittel eine Mehrzahl von Meldern zugeordnet ist.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the detectors are optionally connected to the communication bus via a wired or a wireless channel, in the latter case the relay devices connected to the communication bus are assigned to the relevant detectors for receiving the detector signals and feeding them into the communication bus , and that in the case of a wireless connection between the detector and the communication bus, the detector is arranged within the space to be monitored and the relay means outside of it and a plurality of detectors is assigned to each relay means.

Die erfindungsgemässe Brandmeldeanlage geht hinsichtlich der Kommunikation innerhalb der Anlage von einem völlig neuen Konzept aus, indem sie eine Art von Hybridsystem mit drahtgebundenen und drahtlosen Kanälen vorschlägt, wobei die Auswahl der jeweiligen Kommunikationsart so erfolgt, dass die Anlage bezüglich übertragungstechnischer Randbedingungen, Übertragungssicherheit und Anwendernutzen optimal an die äusseren Gegebenheiten angepasst ist. Es ist also nicht so, dass die Anlage gleichsam in zwei Kommunikationsebenen Zentrale/Relais und Relais/Melder unterteilt und der einen Ebene drahtgebundene und der anderen drahtlose Kommunikation zugeordnet wird, sondern es ist auch eine direkte Kommunikation zwischen Zentrale und Melder möglich.The fire alarm system according to the invention is based on a completely new concept in terms of communication within the system, in that it proposes a type of hybrid system with wired and wireless channels, the selection of the respective communication type being carried out in such a way that the system is optimal in terms of transmission-related boundary conditions, transmission security and user benefit is adapted to the external conditions. It is not the case that the system is divided into two communication levels, so to speak, central / relay and relay / detector and one level is assigned to wired and the other wireless communication, but direct communication between the central and the detector is also possible.

Ein erstes bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die drahtlose Verbindung durch eine Funkverbindung gebildet ist.A first preferred exemplary embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the invention is characterized in that the wireless connection is formed by a radio connection.

Wenn eine erfindungsgemässe Brandmeldeanlage beispielsweise in einem Hotel installiert werden soll, dann wird man den Kommunikationsbus in den Gängen verlegen und in jedem Gang je nach dessen Länge ein oder mehrere Relaismittel montieren. Für die Kommunikation zwischen den in den Zimmern montierten Meldern und dem zugeordneten Relaismittel wird man dort, wo dies funktechnisch möglich ist, den drahtlosen Weg wählen. Dies dewegen, weil aus der Wahl des drahtlosen Wegs, sofern diesem nicht sicherheitstechnische Aspekte entgegenstehen, in jedem Fall ein Anwendernutzen resultiert, weil keine Leitungen vom Bus zu den Meldern verlegt werden müssen. Wenn in einem funktechnisch abgeschirmten Raum, wie beispielsweise in einem Luftschutzraum oder in einem Keller mit dicken Wänden und/oder Metalltür oder aber in einem sicherheitstechnisch kritischen Raum (Heizungsraum, Öltank) ein Melder zu installieren ist, dann wird man diesen Melder wegen der Sicherheitsaspekte mit einer Drahtleitung an den Kommunikationsbus anschliessen.If a fire alarm system according to the invention is to be installed, for example, in a hotel, the communication bus will be laid in the corridors and one or more relay means will be installed in each corridor depending on its length. For the Communication between the detectors installed in the rooms and the assigned relay means will be chosen wherever this is possible using radio technology. This is because the choice of the wireless route, provided that this does not conflict with safety-related aspects, always results in a user benefit, because no lines have to be laid from the bus to the detectors. If a detector is to be installed in a radio-technically shielded room, such as in an air-raid shelter or in a basement with thick walls and / or metal doors or in a safety-critical room (boiler room, oil tank), then this detector will be used because of the safety aspects Connect a wire line to the communication bus.

Der Hauptvorteil des erfindungsgemässen Systems liegt dain, dass es einerseits so wie ein System mit voll verdrahteten Meldern von der Grösse her praktisch unbeschränkt, und dass es andererseits so extrem flexibel und anpassungsfähig ist, das es die bekannten drahtlosen Systeme nicht nur bezüglich erforderlicher Funkleistung, Stabilität und Störsicherheit, sondern auch hinsichtlich der Flexibilität übertrifft.The main advantage of the system according to the invention lies in the fact that, on the one hand, it is practically unlimited in size like a system with fully wired detectors, and on the other hand it is so extremely flexible and adaptable that it does not only improve the known wireless systems in terms of the required radio power and stability and interference immunity, but also in terms of flexibility.

Ein zweites bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die für die drahtlose Verbindung vorgesehenen Melder zur Detektion von Kohlenmonoxid ausgebildet sind.A second preferred exemplary embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the invention is characterized in that the detectors provided for the wireless connection are designed for the detection of carbon monoxide.

Ein drittes bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Melder einen elektrochemischen Sensor zur Messung der Konzentration von Kohlenmonoxid aufweisen, welcher eine Messelektrode mit einem katalytisch aktiven Material, eine Gegenelektrode mit einem Kohlenstoffmaterial und einen mit Mess- und Gegenelektrode in Verbindung stehenden Elektrolyten enthält.A third preferred exemplary embodiment of the fire detection system according to the invention is characterized in that the detectors mentioned have an electrochemical sensor for measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide, which has a measuring electrode with a catalytically active material, a counter electrode with a carbon material and one with a measuring and counter electrode Contains electrolytes.

Die Verwendung von Kohlenmonoxid-Sensoren zur Brandmeldung hat den Vorteil, dass mit dem Kohlenmonoxid das bei Bränden gefährlichste Gas detektiert wird. Da erwiesenermassen die meisten Opfer eines Brandes an Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung sterben, werden Kohlenmoxid-Sensoren mit Vorteil dort eingesetzt, wo sich viele Menschen aufhalten, beispielsweise in Spitälern, Hotels, öffentlichen Gebäuden und dergleichen. Die elektrochemischen Sensoren haben den Vorteil, dass sie einerseits sehr stabil sind und eine Lebensdauer von mehreren Jahren aufweisen, und andererseits sehr wenig Strom verbrauchen, so dass die zum Betrieb der Melder erforderliche Batterie ebenfalls eine Lebensdauer von mehreren Jahren aufweist.The use of carbon monoxide sensors for fire detection has the advantage that the most dangerous gas is detected with the carbon monoxide. Since most of the victims of a fire have been proven to die of carbon monoxide poisoning, carbon oxide sensors are used with advantage where many people are, for example in hospitals, hotels, public buildings and the like. The electrochemical sensors have the advantage that on the one hand they are very stable and have a lifespan of several years, and on the other hand they consume very little power, so that the battery required to operate the detectors also has a lifespan of several years.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert; es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Ausschnitt aus einem mit einer erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage ausgerüsteten Hotel; und
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung eines Funkmelders und eines Relaismittels der Brandmeldeanlage von Fig. 1.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment illustrated in the drawings; it shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic section of a hotel equipped with a fire alarm system according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
2 shows a schematic illustration of a radio detector and a relay means of the fire alarm system from FIG. 1.

Figur 1 zeigt etwa in Bildmitte einen Gang 1, in dem Brandmelder 2 und ein Kommunikationsbus 3 installiert sind und an den zu beiden Seiten mit Brandmeldern 2*, 2' ausgerüstete Räume anschliessen; oberhalb des Ganges 1 sind Räume aus dem Kellergeschoss und unterhalb des Ganges 1 sind Räume aus einem beliebigen Obergeschoss dargestellt. Der Kommunikationsbus 3 ist im Gang eines jeden Stockwerks installiert, vorzugsweise in der Decke des Ganges, und die Kommunikationsbusse aller Stockwerke sind an eine gemeinsame Zentrale 4 angeschlossen. Wie der Figur weiter zu entnehmen ist, ist im Gang 1 ausserdem ein Relais 5 installiert, welch letzteres an den Kommunikationsbus 3 angeschlossen ist. Der Aufbau des Relais 5 ist aus dem Blockschaltbild von Fig. 2 ersichtlich.FIG. 1 shows, approximately in the center of the picture, a corridor 1 in which fire detectors 2 and a communication bus 3 are installed and to which rooms equipped with fire detectors 2 *, 2 'are connected on both sides; Rooms from the basement are shown above hallway 1 and rooms from any upper floor below hallway 1. The communication bus 3 is installed in the hallway of each floor, preferably in the ceiling of the hallway, and the communication buses on all floors are connected to a common center 4. As can also be seen from the figure, a relay 5 is also installed in aisle 1, the latter being connected to the communication bus 3. The structure of the relay 5 can be seen from the block diagram of FIG. 2.

Die im Gang 1 installierten Brandmelder 2 sind übliche Feuermelder, beispielsweise Streulichtrauchmelder oder thermische Melder, die bei Detektion der entsprechenden Brandkenngrösse ein Alarmsignal aussenden. Die Brandmelder 2 sind entweder Funkmelder, welche die Alarmsignale drahtlos, mittels Funk, aussenden, oder Drahtmelder, welche die Alarmsignale drahtgebunden aussenden und zu diesem Zweck mit dem Kommunikationsbus 3 über eine Leitung (nicht dargestellt) verbunden sind. Die Funkmelder sind in Fig. 1 mit dem Bezugszeichen 2* und die Drahtmelder sind mit dem Bezugszeichen 2' bezeichnet.The fire detectors 2 installed in aisle 1 are conventional fire detectors, for example scattered-light smoke detectors or thermal detectors, which emit an alarm signal when the corresponding fire parameter is detected. The fire detectors 2 are either radio detectors, which send the alarm signals wirelessly, by radio, or wire detectors, which send the alarm signals by wire and are connected to the communication bus 3 via a line (not shown) for this purpose. The radio detectors are designated by the reference symbol 2 * in FIG. 1 and the wire detectors are identified by the reference symbol 2 '.

Die in der unteren Hälfte der Figur dargestellten Räume sind übliche Hotelzimmer HZ, von denen jedes eine Nasszelle NZ aufweist und mit einem Funkmelder 2* ausgerüstet ist. Bei Bedarf kann auch in den Nasszellen NZ ein Funkmelder 2* montiert sein. Die Funkmelder 2*, die gemäss Fig. 2 mit einem geeigneten Funksender 6 ausgerüstet sind, beziehen die erforderliche elektrische Energie von einer Batterie 7. Die Funksignale der Funkmelder 2* werden vom Relais 5 empfangen und über den Kommunikationsbus 3 der Zentrale 4 zugeführt. Das Relais 5 weist zu die-sem Zweck einen Funkempfänger 8 und einen Mikroprozessor 9 auf. Der letztere wandelt die empfangenen Meldersignale in entsprechende digitale Signale um. Die Frequenz der Funksignale ist so gewählt, dass diese Mauern sicher durchdringen können, und liegt beispielsweise oberhalb von 300 MHz, vorzugsweise im Bereich von etwa 430 oder etwa 860 MHz. Wie Fig. 2 weiter zu entnehmen ist, weist das Relais 5 ausserdem einen an eine geeignte Stromversorgungsleitung angeschlossenen Netzteil 10 auf.The rooms shown in the lower half of the figure are standard hotel rooms HZ, each of which has a wet room NZ and is equipped with a 2 * radio detector. If required, a 2 * radio detector can also be installed in the NZ wet rooms. The radio detectors 2 *, which are equipped with a suitable radio transmitter 6 according to FIG. 2, obtain the required electrical energy from a battery 7. The radio signals of the radio detectors 2 * are received by the relay 5 and fed to the control center 4 via the communication bus 3. The relay 5 has a radio receiver 8 and a microprocessor 9 for this purpose. The latter converts the received detector signals into corresponding digital signals. The frequency of the radio signals is selected so that these walls can penetrate safely and is, for example, above 300 MHz, preferably in the range of approximately 430 or approximately 860 MHz. As can also be seen in FIG. 2, the relay 5 also has a power supply unit 10 connected to a suitable power supply line.

Vorzugsweise senden die Funkmelder 2* neben den Alarmsignalen in periodischen Zeitabständen, beispielsweise alle 30 bis 60 Minuten, ein Statussignal aus, welches anzeigt, dass die Melderbatterie 7 noch über eine ausreichende Leistung verfügt. Bei Ausbleiben dieses Statussignals wird in der Zentrale 4 für den betreffenden Funkmelder 2* eine Störung angezeigt. Um eine Kollision verschiedener Funktelegramme zu vermeiden, können die Abstände zwischen den Aussendungen des Statussignals auch zufällig um einen Mittelwert schwanken.In addition to the alarm signals, the radio detectors 2 * preferably send out a status signal at periodic time intervals, for example every 30 to 60 minutes, which indicates that the detector battery 7 still has sufficient power. If this status signal is not received, a fault is displayed in the control center 4 for the radio detector 2 * concerned. In order to avoid a collision of different radio telegrams, the intervals between the transmissions of the status signal can also fluctuate randomly around an average.

Die Funkmelder 2*, die zur Detektion beliebiger Brandkenngrössen ausgebildet sein können, sind vorzugsweise zur Detektion von Kohlenmonoxid ausgebildet und weisen einen entsprechenden CO-Sensor 11 (Fig. 2) auf. Die CO-Sensoren 11 können in einen Mehrkriterienmelder eingebaut sein, der zusätzlich einen Wärmesensor 12 und/ oder einen elektrooptischen Sensor zur Detektion von Rauch enthält, sie können aber auch direkt und ohne die Verwendung von Sensoren für andere Brandkenngrössen als Brandmelder verwendet werden. Die Signale der beiden Sensoren 11 und 12 sind einer Auswertestufe 13 zugeführt, die mit dem Funksender 6 verbunden ist. Die Auswertestufe 13 ist entweder ein Mikroprozessor oder ein systemintegrierter Schaltkreis (ASIC).The radio detectors 2 *, which can be designed for the detection of any fire parameters, are preferably designed for the detection of carbon monoxide and have a corresponding CO sensor 11 (FIG. 2). The CO sensors 11 can be installed in a multi-criteria detector, which additionally contains a heat sensor 12 and / or an electro-optical sensor for the detection of smoke, but they can also be used directly and without the use of sensors for other fire parameters as fire detectors. The signals from the two sensors 11 and 12 are fed to an evaluation stage 13 which is connected to the radio transmitter 6. The evaluation stage 13 is either a microprocessor or a system integrated circuit (ASIC).

Da nach Statistiken internationaler Organisationen die meisten Opfer von Bränden an einer Kohlenmonoxid-Vergiftung sterben, tragen Kohlenmonoxid-Melder sicher zur Rettung von Leben bei und sind insbesondere dort mit Vorteil einsetzbar, wo sich viele Menschen aufhalten, also beispielsweise in Hotels, Spitälern, Schulen, öffentlichen Gebäuden und dergleichen.Since, according to statistics from international organizations, most victims of fires die from carbon monoxide poisoning, carbon monoxide detectors certainly help save lives and can be used with advantage wherever there are many people, e.g. in hotels, hospitals, schools, public buildings and the like.

Als Kohlenmonoxid-Sensoren 11 werden vorzugsweise elektrochemische Sensoren der in der WO-A-93/10444 beschriebenen Art verwendet, das sind Sensoren mit einer Messelektrode, die ein katalytisch aktives Material enthält, welches eine Umsetzung von Kohlenmonoxid herbeiführen kann, mit einer Gegenelektrode, die ein Kohlenstoffmaterial enthält, und mit einem Elektrolyten, der mit der Mess- und der Gegenelektrode in Kontakt steht. Diese Sensoren sind auserordentlich stabil und weisen eine Lebensdauer von mehreren Jahren auf, und sie verbrauchen so wenig Strom, dass auch die im Funkmelder 2* eingebaute Batterie 7 eine mehrjährige Lebensdauer hat.Electrochemical sensors of the type described in WO-A-93/10444 are preferably used as carbon monoxide sensors 11; these are sensors with a measuring electrode which contains a catalytically active material which can bring about a conversion of carbon monoxide with a counter electrode which contains a carbon material, and with an electrolyte that is in contact with the measuring and counter electrodes. These sensors are extremely stable and have a lifespan of several years, and they consume so little electricity that the battery 7 built into the radio detector 2 * also has a lifespan of several years.

Das in Figur 1 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel ist nicht so zu verstehen, dass in jedem Stockwerk oder in jedem Gang des Hotels nur ein Relais 5 montiert ist. Vielmehr sind die Standorte der Relais 5 so gewählt, dass für die Aussendung der Meldersignale nur eine relativ geringe Leistung erforderlich ist, was die Lebensdauer der Melderbatterien 7 (Fig. 2) verlängert. Bei der Festlegung der Standorte der Relais 5 ist darauf zu achten, dass der Abstand vom Relais zu den einzelnen Funkmeldern 2* einen bestimmten Maximalwert nicht überschreitet, wobei dieser Wert, der von den verwendeten Baumaterialen und von der Art der Baukonstruktion abhängig ist, durch praktische Versuche ermittelt wird. Üblicherweise wird man bei einem Hotel davon ausgehen können, dass für etwa 20 oder 30 Funkmelder 2* ein Relais 5 vorzusehen ist.The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is not to be understood as meaning that only one relay 5 is installed on each floor or in each aisle of the hotel. Rather, the locations of the relays 5 are selected such that only a relatively low power is required for the transmission of the detector signals, which extends the service life of the detector batteries 7 (FIG. 2). When determining the locations of the relays 5, it must be ensured that the distance from the relay to the individual radio detectors 2 * does not exceed a certain maximum value, this value, which depends on the building materials used and the type of construction, by practical means Attempts is determined. In a hotel you can usually assume that a relay 5 must be provided for about 20 or 30 wireless detectors 2 *.

Der in der oberen Hälfte von Fig. 1 dargestellte Ausschnitt aus dem Kellergeschoss zeigt drei Räume, und zwar links einen Kellerraum KR, der beispielsweise als Lagerraum verwendet wird, daran anschliessend einen Schutzraum SR und rechts einen Vorraum VR des Schutzraums SR. Durch die Kreuzschraffierung der Wände von Schutzraum SR und Vorraum VR ist angedeutet, dass diese Wände speziell armiert sind. Diese Armierung sowie der Umstand, dass keine direkte Tür zwischen Gang 1 und Schutzraum SR vorhanden und dass sowohl die Tür zwischen Schutzraum SR und Vorraum VR als auch diejenige vom Vorraum VR in den Gang 1 durch eine speziell armierte Tür gebildet ist, haben zur Folge, dass ein Funksignal aus dem Schutzraum oder Vorraum SR bzw. VR in den Gang 1 eine sehr starke Dämpfung erfahren würde, wodurch dieser Gebäudeteil einen funktechnischen Problembereich bildet. Wenn man diesen Bereich mit üblichen Massnahmen funktechnischen beherrschen wollte, dann müsste man die Sendeleistung der in den betreffenden Räumen montierten Funkmelder auf unerwünscht hohe Werte erhöhen.The section from the basement shown in the upper half of FIG. 1 shows three rooms, namely a cellar room KR on the left, which is used, for example, as a storage room, followed by a shelter SR and an anteroom VR of the shelter SR on the right. The cross-hatching of the walls of the shelter SR and anteroom VR indicates that these walls are specially reinforced. This reinforcement and the fact that there is no direct door between aisle 1 and the shelter SR and that both the door between the shelter SR and vestibule VR and that from the vestibule VR in corridor 1 is formed by a specially reinforced door, have the consequence that a radio signal from the shelter or vestibule SR or VR in corridor 1 is a would experience very strong attenuation, making this part of the building a radio technical problem area. If one wanted to control this area with the usual measures in terms of radio technology, then one would have to increase the transmission power of the radio detectors installed in the rooms concerned to undesirably high values.

Darstellungsgemäss ist nur in dem funktechnisch nicht so problematischen Kellerraum KR ein Funkmelder 2* vorgesehen, wogegen im Schutzraum SR und im Vorraum VR je ein mit dem Kommunikationsbus 3 über eine Leitung verbundener Drahtmelder 2' montiert ist. Diese Drahtmelder sind beispielsweise von der Art der AlgoRex-Melder der Cerberus AG (Algorex - eingetragenes Warenzeichen der Cerberus AG, Männedorf, Schweiz); sie beziehen ihre elektrische Energie vom Bus 3 und sie sind für Zweiwegkommunikation mit der Zentrale 4 ausgebildet.According to the illustration, a radio detector 2 * is only provided in the cellar room KR, which is not problematic in terms of radio technology, whereas a wire detector 2 ', which is connected to the communication bus 3 via a line, is installed in the protective room SR and in the anteroom VR. These wire detectors are, for example, of the AlgoRex type from Cerberus AG ( Algorex - registered trademark of Cerberus AG, Männedorf, Switzerland); they draw their electrical energy from the bus 3 and they are designed for two-way communication with the control center 4.

Selbstverständlich ist bei der dargestellten Brandmeldeanlage der Einsatz von Drahtmeldern 2' nicht auf funktechnisch problematische Bereiche beschränkt, sondern man kann Drahtmelder auch in solchen Räumen und Gebäudebereichen einsetzen, die speziell hohe Sicherheitsanforderungen erfüllen müssen oder wo ein erhöhtes Brandrisiko besteht. Bei den im Gang 1 installierten Meldern 2 ist die Art der Kommunikation bewusst offengehalten, um anzudeuten, dass hier beide Kommunikationsarten verwendet werden können.Of course, in the fire alarm system shown, the use of wire detectors 2 'is not limited to areas which are problematic in terms of radio technology, but wire detectors can also be used in rooms and building areas which have to meet particularly high security requirements or where there is an increased risk of fire. In the case of the detectors 2 installed in the corridor 1, the type of communication is deliberately kept open to indicate that both types of communication can be used here.

Wie das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt, besteht bei diesem System für die Kommunikation zwischen Zentrale 4 und Meldern 2, 2* und 2' die folgende Alternative:

  • Kommunikationsbus 3 + Relais 5 + Funkmelder 2*; oder
  • Kommunikationsbus 3 + Drahtmelder 2'.
As the exemplary embodiment described shows, this system has the following alternative for the communication between control center 4 and detectors 2, 2 * and 2 ':
  • Communication bus 3 + relay 5 + radio detector 2 *; or
  • Communication bus 3 + wire detector 2 '.

Jede dieser beiden Varianten hat gegenüber der anderen mindestens einen wesentlichen Vorteil. Die Variante Funkmelder hat den Vorteil einer hohen Flexibilität und Anpassungsfähigkeit und sie erfordert einen geringeren Installationsaufwand. Die Variante Drahtmelder bat den Vorteil einer sehr hoben Sicherheit und extrem geringen Störungsanfälligkeit und sie erlaubt eine praktisch unbegrenzte Ausdehnung der Anlage.Each of these two variants has at least one major advantage over the other. The radio detector variant has the advantage of high flexibility and adaptability and requires less installation effort. The variant Wire detectors offered the advantage of a very high level of security and extremely low susceptibility to faults, and they allowed the system to be expanded practically indefinitely.

Der wesentliche Vorteil des beschriebenen Systems besteht nun darin, dass es beide Varianten in einem einzigen System bietet, und dass der Ersteller/Betreiber die Möglichkeit hat, sich sozusagen von Raum zu Raum oder von Melder zu Melder für die jeweils für ihn optimale Möglichkeit zu entscheiden. Für welche dieser beiden Möglichkeiten er sich entscheidet, ist von mehreren Kriterien abhängig, die man auf den folgenden einfachen Nenner bringen kann: Bei grossen Distanzen Drahtmelder, für Problembereiche Drahtmelder und ansonsten Funkmelder.The main advantage of the system described is that it offers both variants in a single system, and that the creator / operator has the option of opting from room to room or from detector to detector for the optimal option for them . Which of these two options he chooses depends on several criteria that can be summed up as follows: wire detectors for large distances, wire detectors for problem areas and otherwise radio detectors.

Etwas detallierter lauten die genannten Kriterien wie folgt:

  • Wo es übertragungstechnisch möglich ist, wird die drahtlose Verbindung gewählt (Funkmelder 2*).
  • Wo ein entsprechender Anwendernutzen resultiert, wird die drahtlose Verbindung gewählt (Funkmelder 2*).
  • Wo es die Sicherheit erfordert, wird die drahtgebundene Verbindung gewählt (Drahtmelder 2').
The criteria mentioned are somewhat more detailed as follows:
  • Wherever transmission is possible, the wireless connection is selected (wireless detector 2 *).
  • Where there is a corresponding user benefit, the wireless connection is selected (wireless detector 2 *).
  • Where security is required, the wired connection is selected (wire detector 2 ').

Das letztgenannte Kriterium kann man wie folgt aufschlüsseln:

  • Wo die funktechnische Streckendämpfung zu gross ist und/oder wo die Funkdistanzen zu gross werden wird die drahtgebundene Verbindung gewählt (Drahtmelder 2').
  • Wo besonders hohe Ansprüche bezüglich Zuverlässigkeit bestehen, wird die drahtgebundene Verbindung gewählt (Drahtmelder 2').
  • Wo nahegelegene Funkstörer vorhanden sind, wird die drahtgebundene Verbindung gewählt (Drahtmelder 2').
The latter criterion can be broken down as follows:
  • Where the radio link attenuation is too large and / or where the radio distances become too large, the wired connection is selected (wire detector 2 ').
  • Where there are particularly high demands with regard to reliability, the wired connection is selected (wire detector 2 ').
  • Where there are nearby radio interference, the wired connection is selected (wire detector 2 ').

Ein weiterer wichtiger Vorteil des beschriebenen Systems besteht darin, dass die elektrochemischen Sensoren zur Messung der Konzentration von Kohlenmonoxid so stabil und langlebig sind und so wenig Energie verbrauchen, dass ihre Verwendung in Brandmeldem die Zuverlässigkeit und Sicherheit des Systemteils mit der drahtlosen Kommunikation ganz wesentlich erhöht.Another important advantage of the system described is that the electrochemical sensors for measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide are so stable and durable and use so little energy that their use in fire alarms significantly increases the reliability and security of the system part with the wireless communication.

Claims (11)

Brandmeldeanlage mit einer Zentrale (4), mit dezentral angeordneten Meldern (2, 2*, 2') und mit einem an die Zentrale (4) angeschlossenen Kommunikationsbus (3) zur Übertragung von Daten und/oder Steuersignalen zwischen den Meldern (2, 2*, 2') und der Zentrale (4), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Melder (2, 2*, 2') mit dem Kommunikationsbus (3) wahlweise über einen drahtgebundenen oder einen drahtlosen Kanal verbunden sind, wobei im letzteren Fall den betreffenden Meldern (2*) an den Kommunikationsbus (3) angeschlossene Relaismittel (5) zum Empfang der Meldersignale und zu deren Einspeisung in den Kommunikationsbus (3) zugeordnet sind, und dass bei drahtloser Verbindung zwischen Melder (2*) und Kommunikationsbus (3) der Melder (2*) innerhalb des zu überwachenden Raumes (HZ, NZ) und das Relaismittel (5) ausserhalb von diesem angeordnet und jedem Relaismittel (5) eine Mehrzahl von Meldern (2*) zugeordnet ist.Fire alarm system with a control center (4), with decentralized detectors (2, 2 *, 2 ') and with a communication bus (3) connected to the control center (4) for the transmission of data and / or control signals between the detectors (2, 2 *, 2 ') and the control center (4), characterized in that the detectors (2, 2 *, 2') are connected to the communication bus (3) either via a wired or a wireless channel, the latter being the relevant one Detectors (2 *) connected to the communication bus (3) are assigned relay means (5) for receiving the detector signals and feeding them into the communication bus (3), and that with a wireless connection between the detector (2 *) and the communication bus (3) Detectors (2 *) are arranged inside the room to be monitored (HZ, NZ) and the relay means (5) outside of them and each relay means (5) is assigned a plurality of detectors (2 *). Brandmeldeanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die drahtlose Verbindung durch eine Funkverbindung (6, 8) gebildet ist.Fire alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that the wireless connection is formed by a radio link (6, 8). Brandmeldeanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die für die drahtlose Verbindung vorgesehenen Melder (2*) zur Detektion von Kohlenmonoxid ausgebildet sind.Fire alarm system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the detectors (2 *) provided for the wireless connection are designed for the detection of carbon monoxide. Brandmeldeanlage nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Melder (2*) einen elektrochemischen Sensor (11) zur Messung der Konzentration von Kohlenmonoxid aufweisen, welcher eine Messelektrode mit einem katalytisch aktiven Material, eine Gegenelektrode mit einem Kohlenstoffmaterial und einen mit der Mess- und Gegenelektrode in Kontakt stehenden Elektrolyten enthält.Fire alarm system according to claim 3, characterized in that said detectors (2 *) have an electrochemical sensor (11) for measuring the concentration of carbon monoxide, which has a measuring electrode with a catalytically active material, a counter electrode with a carbon material and one with the measuring and contains counterelectrode in contact electrolyte. Brandmeldeanlage nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Relaismittel (5) mit dem Kommunikationsbus (3) verdrahtet und dass der Kommunikationsbus (3) vorzugsweise in Gängen (1) oder Nebenräumen installiert ist.Fire alarm system according to Claim 2, characterized in that the relay means (5) is wired to the communication bus (3) and that the communication bus (3) is preferably installed in corridors (1) or adjoining rooms. Brandmeldeanlage nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Installation in einem Gebäude von der Art eines Hotels der Kommunikationsbus (3) und die Relaismittel (5) in den Hotelgängen (1) und die für die drahtlose Verbindung vorgesehenen Melder (2*) in den Hotelzimmern (HZ) angeordnet sind.Fire alarm system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that when installed in a building of the hotel type, the communication bus (3) and the relay means (5) in the hotel corridors (1) and the detectors (2 *) provided for the wireless connection are arranged in the hotel rooms (HZ). Brandmeldeanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die für die drahtlose Verbindung zum Kommunikationsbus (3) vorgesehenen Melder (2*) mit einem Funksender (6) ausgerüstet und von einer Batterie (7) mit Strom versorgt sind, und dass die Relaismittel (5) einen Funkempfänger (8) zum Empfang der Meldersignale und einen Mikroprozesor (9) zu deren Umwandlung in entsprechende digitale Signale aufweisen.Fire alarm system according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the detectors (2 *) provided for the wireless connection to the communication bus (3) are equipped with a radio transmitter (6) and are powered by a battery (7), and in that the relay means (5) have a radio receiver (8) for receiving the detector signals and a microprocessor (9) for converting them into corresponding digital signals. Brandmeldeanlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einen Funksender (6) aufweisenden Melder (2*) zur Aussendung eines die Funktionsfähigkeit der Batterie (7) auzeigenden Statussignals ausgebildet sind, und dass die Aussendung des Statussignals vorzugsweise periodisch erfolgt.Fire alarm system according to Claim 7, characterized in that the detectors (2 *) having a radio transmitter (6) are designed to emit a status signal indicating the functionality of the battery (7), and in that the status signal is preferably transmitted periodically. Brandmeldeanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Festlegung der Art der Verbindung zwischen Melder (2, 2*, 2') und Kommunikationsbus (3) anhand mindestens eines der folgenden Kriterien erfolgt: a. Drahtlose Verbindung dort, wo dies übertragungstechnisch möglich ist; b. drahtlose Verbindung dort, wo ein entsprechender Anwendernutzen resultiert; c. drahtgebundene Verbindung dort, wo die Sicherheit dies erfordert. Fire alarm system according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the type of connection between the detector (2, 2 *, 2 ') and the communication bus (3) is determined on the basis of at least one of the following criteria: a. Wireless connection wherever this is technically possible; b. wireless connection where there is a corresponding user benefit; c. wired connection where security requires it. Brandmeldeanlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei zu grosser funktechnischer Streckendämpfung und/oder bei zu grossen Funkdistanzen eine drahtgebundene Verbindung zwischen Melder (2') und Kommunikationsbus (3) gewählt wird.Fire alarm system according to claim 9, characterized in that a wire-based connection between the detector (2 ') and the communication bus (3) is selected if the radio link attenuation is too great and / or if the radio distances are too great. Brandmeldeanlage nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei besonders hohen Ansprüchen bezüglich Zuverlässigkeit und/oder bei Vorhandensein nahegelegener Funkstörer eine drahtgebundene Verbindung zwischen Melder (2') und Kommunikationsbus (3) gewählt wird.Fire alarm system according to claim 9, characterized in that in the case of particularly high demands with regard to reliability and / or in the presence of nearby radio interference, a wired connection between the detector (2 ') and the communication bus (3) is selected.
EP97106132A 1996-04-22 1997-04-15 Fire alarm system Expired - Lifetime EP0803850B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97106132A EP0803850B1 (en) 1996-04-22 1997-04-15 Fire alarm system

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96106275 1996-04-22
EP96106275 1996-04-22
CH221196 1996-09-10
CH221196 1996-09-10
CH2211/96 1996-09-10
EP97106132A EP0803850B1 (en) 1996-04-22 1997-04-15 Fire alarm system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0803850A1 true EP0803850A1 (en) 1997-10-29
EP0803850B1 EP0803850B1 (en) 2003-05-14

Family

ID=25689806

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97106132A Expired - Lifetime EP0803850B1 (en) 1996-04-22 1997-04-15 Fire alarm system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0803850B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE240567T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59710067D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2199310T3 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998040860A1 (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for connecting functional units in a signalling system
WO2001018762A1 (en) * 1999-09-07 2001-03-15 Ademco Microtech Limited Improvements in or relating to detection systems
EP1111565A1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2001-06-27 Siemens Building Technologies AG Communication system for a building
EP1246150A2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-02 Job Lizenz GmbH & Co. KG Fire alarm system
US7075430B2 (en) 2001-01-19 2006-07-11 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Security system and danger sensor for monitoring danger parameters
EP1768074A1 (en) 2005-09-21 2007-03-28 Siemens Schweiz AG Early detection of fires
EP2254100A2 (en) * 2000-04-12 2010-11-24 Pittway Corporation Wireless detector with a processor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT14585U1 (en) 2015-06-10 2016-02-15 Buchholzer & Partner Gmbh Mobile fire alarm system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0107279A2 (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-05-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Carbon monoxide sensor element
US4951029A (en) * 1988-02-16 1990-08-21 Interactive Technologies, Inc. Micro-programmable security system
EP0513443A1 (en) * 1991-05-06 1992-11-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Building management system
EP0689049A1 (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-12-27 ENDRESS + HAUSER GASTEC GmbH + Co. Carbon monoxide gas sensor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0107279A2 (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-05-02 Hitachi, Ltd. Carbon monoxide sensor element
US4951029A (en) * 1988-02-16 1990-08-21 Interactive Technologies, Inc. Micro-programmable security system
EP0513443A1 (en) * 1991-05-06 1992-11-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Building management system
EP0689049A1 (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-12-27 ENDRESS + HAUSER GASTEC GmbH + Co. Carbon monoxide gas sensor

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998040860A1 (en) * 1997-03-12 1998-09-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for connecting functional units in a signalling system
WO2001018762A1 (en) * 1999-09-07 2001-03-15 Ademco Microtech Limited Improvements in or relating to detection systems
EP1111565A1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2001-06-27 Siemens Building Technologies AG Communication system for a building
EP2254100A2 (en) * 2000-04-12 2010-11-24 Pittway Corporation Wireless detector with a processor
US7075430B2 (en) 2001-01-19 2006-07-11 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Security system and danger sensor for monitoring danger parameters
US7091844B2 (en) 2001-01-19 2006-08-15 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Security system and danger sensor for monitoring danger parameters
EP1246150A2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-02 Job Lizenz GmbH & Co. KG Fire alarm system
EP1246150A3 (en) * 2001-03-30 2003-05-28 Job Lizenz GmbH & Co. KG Fire alarm system
US6727815B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2004-04-27 Job Lizenz Gmbh Co., Kg Fire alarm system
EP1768074A1 (en) 2005-09-21 2007-03-28 Siemens Schweiz AG Early detection of fires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE240567T1 (en) 2003-05-15
ES2199310T3 (en) 2004-02-16
EP0803850B1 (en) 2003-05-14
DE59710067D1 (en) 2003-06-18

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