Technical Field
The present invention relates to liquid self-thickened compositions for cleaning
hard surfaces. More particularly, the present invention relates to stable acidic
thickened liquid compositions typically comprising a source of active oxygen.
These compositions find particular application in the cleaning of inclined hard-surfaces,
such as toilet bowls and the like.
Background of the Invention
It is well-known in the art that it is a desirable feature of a liquid hard surface
cleaner that it should have a certain viscosity. Indeed, viscosity allows a more
controlled handling, e.g., a more accurate dispensing of the product during use,
as compared to a thinner product. Also, viscosity allows a better action of the
product on inclined surfaces, such as toilets, bath tubs and the like, because
viscosity prevents the product from running down inclined surfaces, like thinner
liquids would. Preferably viscosity is built up by a so-called self-thickening
system as opposed to using a thickener compound for that specific purpose.
Indeed, thickeners, such as gums or polymers have at least one drawback that
they affect the formula cost, while providing only one benefit, which is
thickening. They do not participate to the actual cleaning of the surface and
therefore represent "inert" materials. Also, some thickeners are detrimental to
the physical and/or chemical stability of the products they are formulated in.
Also, there are some drawbacks associated with product viscosity. And a main
drawback is that viscous products are typically difficult to rinse away because
they have a good cling onto surfaces and because current self-thickening
systems lead to the formation of stable foams. Thus, viscosity and ease of
rinsing are somewhat conflicting requirements, but both are desirable in a
single product for cleaning hard surfaces.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a liquid thickened
composition which is viscous by means of a self-thickening system, and which
is nevertheless easy to rinse away.
There are many such compositions known in the art that have the requisite
viscosity characteristics. However, most of the self-thickening surfactant
systems known in the art, whilst allowing to effectively increase the viscosity of
liquid compositions, do have some disadvantages in use. Indeed, thickening
surfactants like nonionic surfactants (nonyl phenol ethoxylates) or quaternary
ammonium compounds have the disadvantage that they require to be used at
high levels to achieve satisfactory viscosity, thus making their use expensive.
It is thus another object of the present invention to formulate liquid self-thickened
compositions, especially liquid self-thickened acidic compositions,
preferably comprising a source of active oxygen, having improved thickening
properties at low total thickening surfactant level.
Also, some thickening surfactants show significant instability when formulated
in liquid thickened compositions in the acidic pH range and typically in
presence of a source of active oxygen, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, or a source
thereof, like monopersulfate. This may also result in a loss of the total amount
of active oxygen which would otherwise be available to perform bleaching
action on the surface to be cleaned.
It is yet another object of the present invention to formulate liquid self-thickened
compositions, especially liquid self-thickened acidic compositions typically
comprising a source of active oxygen, which are physically and chemically
stable for long storage periods.
It has now been found that by combining a quaternary ammonium surfactant
and a C12-C18 alkyl sulphonate or C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate at a weight
ratio of said quaternary ammonium surfactant to said sulphonate of 10:1 to
25:1, improved thickening properties are delivered. In other words, it has
unexpectedly been found that the addition of a small amount of a C12-C18
alkyl or C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate to a quaternary ammonium surfactant, in
a liquid composition, preferably a liquid acidic composition typically comprising
a source of active oxygen, allows to formulate highly thickened compositions,
as compared to the same composition without said C12-C18 alkyl sulphonate
or C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate, or to the same composition with a short chain
alkyl or aryl sulphonate (e.g., xylene sulphonate), instead of said C12-C18 alkyl
sulphonate or C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate, as the thickening system.
Alternatively, the present invention allows to use low level of total thickening
surfactant to achieve a given viscosity. In other words, to obtain a desired
thickening effect for a given liquid composition, e.g., a given liquid acidic
composition comprising a source of active oxygen, a lower level of total
thickening surfactants (quaternary ammonium surfactants and C12-C18 alkyl
and/or C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate) is sufficient in the present invention, as
compared to the level of quaternary ammonium surfactant which would
otherwise be required to obtain the same thickening effect when used alone, in
absence of any C12-C18 alkyl or C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate, or as
compared to the total level of quaternary ammonium surfactant and short chain
alkyl or aryl sulphonate (e.g., xylene sulphonate) which would be required to
obtain the same thickening. This thickening effect is even more noticeable in
the most preferred compositions of the present invention wherein the source of
active oxygen used is a persulfate salt such as monopersulfate salt. Indeed,
said persulfate salt further contributes to the thickening properties of the
thickening system of the present invention.
The liquid thickened compositions according to the present invention exhibit
excellent chemical and physical stability. For instance, in the embodiment of
the present invention where the liquid thickened compositions of the present
invention are formulated in the acidic pH range and further comprise a source
of active oxygen, the decomposition of said source of active oxygen, e.g.
persulfate salt, is reduced, as compared to the same compositions but with
other surfactant blends, like for instance alkylethoxylated alcohols, instead of
said quaternary ammonium surfactant and C12-C18 alkyl/alkyl aryl sulphonate.
A further advantage of the present invention is that the liquid thickened
compositions herein are transluscent, as opposed to clouded, and thus well
accepted from a consumer view point. Also, the present invention allows to
formulate compositions that are Newtonian. By "Newtonian" it is meant herein a
composition which has the same viscosity whichever applied shear stress. An
additional benefit derived from said compositions is that they are low foaming,
both in the sense of the amount of foam initially generated during use, as well
as in terms of foam stability. This benefit adds to the ease of rinsing benefit
already obtained with the "mechanistic" benefit derived from the viscosity
profile of the composition. Yet another benefit of the present invention is that
this thickening system leads to excellent spreading and clinging on wet
surfaces.
Another advantage of the present invention is that the compositions herein, and
especially those acidic compositions typically comprising a source of active
oxygen, are efficient on various surfaces to clean various soils and stains.
Additionally, the preferred liquid thickened acidic compositions of the present
invention when used to treat hard surfaces, especially toilet bowls, exhibit
outstanding soil discoloration, soil solubilization and emulsification properties
together with a germicidal action, this when used both in neat or diluted form.
A further advantage of the present invention is that the compositions herein are
less sensitive to the presence of perfumes, whereas high levels of perfume are
known to have a general tendency to significantly decrease composition
viscosity by changing micellar aggregation.
Background art
EP-A-275 043 discloses an acidic cleaner for aluminum surfaces containing a
peroxide, acids, a C12-C22 alkyl dimethylamine oxide. Said cleaner has a pH
of at most 2. EP-A-275 043 discloses cationic surfactants as optional
ingredients but no specific compounds of this class of surfactants are
mentioned, let alone quaternary ammonium surfactants.
WO95/33024 discloses an aqueous viscous composition (pH = 0.5-7)
comprising an amine oxide or amine and a secondary, or primary
monobranched alkyl sulphate or sulphonate, a hydrotrope and an organic acid.
No quaternary ammonium surfactants are disclosed.
GB 2071 688 discloses liquid acidic compositions comprising an inorganic acid
and as a thickening agent a mixture of an amine or amine oxide with a cationic
or nonionic surfactant. No anionic surfactants are disclosed.
US 3997 453 discloses a fabric softening composition comprising from 60% to
20% of a cationic quaternary ammonium softener and an anionic sulphonate,
the weight ratio of cationic softener to anionic sulphonate being of from 40 to 5.
EP-A-720642 discloses compositions (having a viscosity of 40 cps to 4000 cps)
comprising a viscosity decreasing short chain (C6-C10) surfactant and a
viscosity restoring long chain surfactant mixture, i.e., a C12-C16 amine oxide
and C12-C14 alkyl sulphate. However, no liquid thickened compositions
comprising quaternary ammonium surfactants (a) and long chain alkyl/alkyl aryl
sulphonates (C12-C18) (b) at a weight ratio of (a) to (b) of 10:1 to 25:1 are
disclosed.
European patent application number 96870001.3 discloses perfumed acidic
compositions having a pH below 2, a source of active oxygen, surfactants and
a terpene/sesquiterpene perfume. Preferred compositions are thickened
compositions comprising a quaternary ammonium surfactant and an amine
oxide surfactant. Other surfactants like anionic alkyl or aryl sulphonates are
disclosed therein. However, no thickened liquid compositions comprising
quaternary ammonium surfactants (a) and long chain alkyl/alkyl aryl
sulphonates (C12-C18) (b) at a weight ratio of (a) to (b) of 10:1 to 25:1 are
disclosed.
EP-A-265 979 discloses acidic thickened aqueous cleaning compositions
comprising a disinfecting and/or oxidizing agent, an organic anionic sulphonate
selected from the group consisting of xylene sulphonate, cumene sulphonate
and toluene sulphonate, and a surfactant selected from the group of (1)
quaternary ammonium compounds wherein at least one of the hydrocarbon
groups linked to the nitrogen is a linear or branched alkyl group containing at
least 12 carbon atoms and of (2) tertiary amine oxides wherein at least one of
the hydrocarbon groups linked to the nitrogen is a linear or branched alkyl
group containing at least 16 carbon atoms. In contrast, the present invention
uses quaternary ammonium surfactants together with long chain alkyl/alkyl aryl
sulphonates (C12-C18) as the thickening system.
RD 30115 discloses thickened cleaning compositions displaying shear thinning
behaviour. The thickeners comprise a fatty alkyl quaternary ammonium (e.g.,
hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) and a low-alkyl substituted arene
sulphonate (e.g., sodium xylene sulphonate). This cleaning compositions may
further comprise a disinfecting agent like a hydroperoxide of formula ROOH
wherein R= hydrogen or acyl may be present. The following composition is
exemplified 1% of C16 trimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.9% of sodium xylene
sulphonate, 3% of citric acid and 5% of hydrogen peroxide. No long chain
alkyl/alkyl aryl sulphonates (C12-C18) are disclosed.
EP-A-188 025 discloses aqueous stable thickened low-pH bleaching
compositions comprising an inorganic peroxy compound, a strong acid and a
thickening surfactant. The compositions are said to have a viscosity of 10 to
250 mPa.s. The thickening surfactant is selected from (1) amine oxides wherein
at least one of the hydrocarbon groups linked to the nitrogen is a linear or
branched alkyl group of C6 to C18 carbon atoms, preferably C12 to C18, (2)
amines and (3) quaternary ammonium salts wherein at least one of the
hydrocarbon groups linked to the nitrogen is a linear or branched alkyl group of
C8 to C18 carbon atoms. EP-A-188 025 teaches to use as a thickening
surfactant one of these thickening surfactants. No C12-C18 alkylsulphonates or
C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonates are disclosed, let alone liquid compositions
comprising, as the thickening system, a quaternary ammonium surfactant
together with a C12-C18 alkyl and/or C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate at a weight
ratio of quaternary ammonium surfactant to C12-C18 alkyl and/or C12-C18
alkyl aryl sulphonate of 10:1 to 25:1.
Summary of the invention
The present invention encompasses a liquid thickened composition having a
viscosity of more than 250 cps, when measured with a Carri-med rheometer at
50 dyne/cm2 at 20°C, comprising a C12-C18 alkyl sulphonate or C12-C18 alkyl
aryl sulphonate or mixtures thereof, and from 0.01% to 15% by weight of the
total composition of a quaternary ammonium surfactant, at a weight ratio of said
quaternary ammonium surfactant to said sulphonate of 10:1 to 25:1.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the liquid thickened
compositions herein are acidic compositions, and in an even more preferred
embodiment of the present invention said acidic compositions further comprise
a source of active oxygen.
The present invention also encompasses a process of treating a hard-surface,
especially a toilet bowl, wherein a liquid thickened composition according to the
present invention, is applied in its neat or diluted form onto said surface,
optionally left to act thereto for an effective period of time and then removed.
Detailed description of the invention
The compositions of the present invention comprise as an essential element a
thickening system. Said thickening system comprises a quaternary ammonium
surfactant, or mixtures thereof, together with a C12-C18 alkyl or C12-C18 alkyl
aryl sulphonate, or mixtures thereof, at a weight ratio of quaternary ammonium
surfactant to sulphonate of 10:1 to 25:1, preferably 11:1 to 20:1, more
preferably 12:1 to 17:1 and most preferably 13:1 to 17:1.
Indeed, it has unexpectedly been found that by combining a quaternary
ammonium surfactant with a C12-C18 alkyl sulphonate and/or a C12-C18 alkyl
aryl sulphonate at a weight ratio of said quaternary ammonium surfactant to
said sulphonate of 10:1 to 25:1, in an aqueous medium, a viscosity of more
than 250 cps, when measured with a Carri-med rheometer at 50 dyne/cm2 at
20°C, is obtained while exhibiting excellent physical and chemical stability.
Alternatively, the present invention allows to use low level of total thickening
surfactant to achieve a given viscosity.
The total level of thickening system, i.e., of quaternary ammonium surfactant
and C12-C18 alkyl sulphonate and/or C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate, to be
used in a given liquid composition depends on the thickness desired for said
composition, said level being lower than 20%, preferably between 1% and
10%, more preferably between 1% and 6%, and most preferably between 1%
and 3.5%.
The compositions of the present invention have a viscosity of more than 250
cps at 20°C, preferably from 260 cps to 1500 cps, more preferably from 280
cps to 900 cps, and most preferably from 300 cps to 500 cps, when measured
with a Carri-med rheometer CLS 100® by TA Instruments at 50 dyne/cm2 with
a 4 cm diameter cone spindle.
Suitable quaternary ammonium surfactants to be used according to the present
invention are quaternary ammonium surfactants according to the formula
R1R2R3R4N+X-, wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched
alkyl, or aryl group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably of 10 to 25 carbon
atoms, more preferably 12 to 20 carbon atoms and most preferably 14 to 18
carbon atoms, wherein R2, R3 and R4 are independently substituted or
unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl groups of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
preferably of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably are methyl groups,
and wherein X is selected from the group consisting of chloride, fluoride, methyl
sulphate, methyl sulphonate, or hydroxide and the like. In the preferred
embodiment of the present invention where a source of active oxygen like
persulfate is present in the compositions herein the quaternary ammonium
surfactant is preferably a non-chloride quaternary ammonium surfactant.
Particularly preferred to be used in the compositions of the present invention
are trimethyl quaternary ammonium surfactants like myristyl
trimethylammonium methyl sulphate, cetyl trimethylammonium methyl sulphate
and/or tallow trimethylammonium methyl sulphate. Such trimethyl quaternary
ammonium surfactants are commercially available from Hoechst, or from
Albright & Wilson under the trade name EMPIGEN CM®.
The compositions according to the present invention comprise from 0.01% to
15% by weight of a quaternary ammonium surfactant, or mixtures thereof,
preferably of from 0.1% to 10%, more preferably of from 0.5% to 5%.
Suitable C12-C18 alkyl sulphonates to be used herein include water-soluble
salts or acids of the formula RSO3M wherein R is a C12-C18 linear or
branched, saturated or unsaturated, alkyl group, preferably a C12-C16 alkyl
group and more preferably a C14-C16 alkyl group, and M is H or a cation, e.g.,
an alkali metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or
substituted ammonium (e.g., methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium
cations and quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethyl-ammonium and
dimethyl piperdinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from
alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures
thereof, and the like).
Suitable C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonates to be used herein include water-soluble
salts or acids of the formula RSO3M wherein R is an aryl, preferably a
benzyl, substituted by a C12-C18 linear or branched saturated or unsaturated
alkyl group, preferably a C12-C16 alkyl group and more preferably a C14-C16
alkyl group, and M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g., sodium,
potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g., methyl-,
dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations,
such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium cations and
quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine,
diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like).
Particularly suitable to be used herein are secondary C12-C18 alkyl or C12-C18
alkyl aryl sulphonates. By "secondary C12-C18 alkyl or C12-C18 alkyl aryl
sulphonates" it is meant herein that in the formula as defined above, the SO3M
or aryl-SO3M group is linked to a carbon atom of the alkyl chain being placed
between two other carbons of the said alkyl chain (secondary carbon atom).
An example of a C14-C16 alkyl sulphonate is Hostapur ® SAS available from
Hoechst. An example of commercially available alkyl aryl sulphonate is Lauryl
aryl sulphonate from Su.Ma.
Depending on the end use envisioned, the compositions according to the
present invention may further comprise a variety of other ingredients including
other surfactants of all types to boost the performance over a wider range of
soils/encrustations, acids, a source of active oxygen, bleach activators, organic
or inorganic alkalis, dyes (like for example α or β metal phthalocyanines),
optical brighteners, builders, chelants, pigments, enzymes, dye transfer
inhibitors, solvents, buffering agents, stabilizers and the like.
The liquid compositions according to the present invention are preferably
aqueous compositions. Therefore, they comprise from 50% to 98% by weight
of the total composition of water, preferably from 60% to 95% and more
preferably from 70% to 90%. One of the achievements of the present invention
is that the viscosity build up described hereinafter can be achieved with such a
high amount of water, i.e., a small amount of actives.
In a preferred embodiment the liquid thickened compositions of the present
invention are liquid thickened acidic compositions.
Accordingly, the compositions of the present invention are typically formulated
at a pH between 0 to 7, preferably at a pH between 0 and 6, more preferably at
a pH between 0 and 4, and most preferably at a pH between 0 and 2. Acidity
contributes to formulate compositions according to the present invention which
exhibit good limescale removing performance while having also good
disinfecting properties. Also, in the embodiment of the present invention
wherein the compositions herein further comprise a source of active oxygen,
the acidic pH contributes to the chemical stability of said compositions.
Accordingly, the compositions of the present invention further comprise organic
and/or inorganic acids. Particularly suitable organic acids to be used herein are
aryl and/or alkyl sulfonate, such as methane sulfonic acid or naphtalene
disulfonic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, sulphamic acid, glutaric acid, adipic
acid and the like. Particularly suitable inorganic acids are sulfuric acid,
phosphoric acid, nitric acid and the like.
In a more preferred embodiment the compositions herein further comprise a
source of active oxygen or mixture thereof. The source of active oxygen
according to the present invention acts as an oxidizing agent, it increases the
ability of the compositions to remove colored stains and organic stains in
general, to destroy malodorous molecules and to kill germs. Suitable sources of
active oxygen are hydrogen peroxide or sources thereof. As used herein a
hydrogen peroxide source refers to any compound which produces perhydroxyl
ions when said compound is in contact with water.
Suitable water-soluble inorganic sources of hydrogen peroxide for use herein
include persulfates, percarbonates, perborates, persilicates, dialkylperoxides,
diacylperoxides, performed percarboxylic acids, organic and inorganic
peroxides and/or hydroperoxides and mixtures thereof.
Suitable organic peroxides/hydroperoxides include diacyl and dialkyl
peroxides/hydroperoxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide,
dilauroyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable preformed peroxyacids for use in the compositions according to the
present invention include diperoxydodecandioic acid DPDA, magnesium
perphthalic acid, perlauric acid, perbenzoic acid, diperoxyazelaic acid and
mixtures thereof.
Persulfate salts or mixtures thereof are the preferred sources of active oxygen
to be used in the compositions according to the present invention. Preferred
persulfate salt to be used herein is the monopersulfate triple salt. One example
of monopersulfate salt commercially available is potassium monopersulfate
commercialised by Peroxide Chemie GMBH under the trade name Curox®.
Other persulfate salts such as dipersulfate salts commercially available from
Peroxide Chemie GMBH can be used in the compositions according to the
present invention.
Persulfate salts are preferred to be used herein, as they allow when used
together with the surfactant system of the present invention comprising a
quaternary ammonium surfactant and a C12-C18 alkyl sulphonate and/or a
C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate to further increase the viscosity of a composition
comprising them. Indeed, it is believed that the (HSO5 -) anions coming from
the persulfate salt, like monopersulfate salt, strongly interact with the cationic
head group of the quaternary ammonium surfactant displacing its own
counterion (e.g., methylsulfate).
The compositions according to the present invention may comprise from 0.1%
to 30% by weight of the total composition of a source of active oxygen, or
mixtures thereof, preferably from 0.1% to 20%, and more preferably from 0.1%
to 15%.
The compositions according to the present invention are chemically stable. By
"chemically stable" it is for example meant herein that a composition comprising
a source of active oxygen or mixtures thereof, such as persulfate salt,
preferably does not undergo more than 40 % persulfate loss, in six months at
room temperature (20°C-25°C). Persulfate concentration can be measured by
back titration with potassium permanganate of a solution containing ammonium
ferrous sulphate. Said stability test method is well-known in the art and is
reported, for example, on the technical information sheet of Curox®
commercially available from Interox. Alternatively, persulfate concentration can
also be measured using a chromatography method described in the literature
for peracids (F. Di Furia et al., Gas-liquid Chromatography Method for
Determination of Peracids, Analyst, Vol 113, May 1988, p 793-795).
The compositions according to the present invention are physically stable. By
"physically stable" it is meant herein that the compositions of the present
invention do not split in two or more phases when exposed in stressed
conditions, e.g., at a temperature of 50 °C during 2 weeks.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the compositions as described
hereinbefore further comprise a perfume or mixtures thereof. It is well-known
that perfumes have a general tendency to significantly decrease the viscosity of
compositions in which they are introduced. An advantage of the thickened
compositions of the present invention, especially the acidic liquid thickened
compositions that further comprise a source of active oxygen is, that they are
less sensitive to the presence of perfume, even the presence of high levels of
perfumes.
The perfume ingredients and compositions suitable to be used herein are the
conventional ones known in the art. Suitable perfume compounds and
compositions can be found in the art including U.S. Pat. Nos. : 4,145,184, Brain
and Cummins, issued March 20, 1979; 4,209,417, Whyte, issued June 24,
1980; 4,515,705, Moeddel, issued May 7, 1985; and 4,152,272, Young, issued
May 1, 1979, all of said patents being incorporated herein by reference. In
general, the degree of substantivity of a perfume is roughly proportional to the
percentages of substantive perfume material used. Relatively substantive
perfumes contain at least about 1%, preferably at least about 10%, substantive
perfume materials. Substantive perfume materials are those odorous
compounds that deposit on surfaces via the cleaning process and are
detectable by people with normal olfactory acuity. Such materials typically have
vapor pressures lower than that of the average perfume material. Also, they
typically have molecular weights of about 200 and above, and are detectable at
levels below those of the average perfume material. Perfume ingredients useful
herein, along with their odor character, and their physical and chemical
properties, such as boiling point and molecular weight, are given in "Perfume
and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals)," Steffen Arctander, published by the
author, 1969, incorporated herein by reference.
Examples of the highly volatile, low boiling, perfume ingredients are : anethole,
benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl formate, iso-bornyl
acetate, camphene, ciscitral (neral), citronellal, citronellol, citronellyl acetate,
para-cymene, decanal, dihydrolinalool, dihydromyrcenol, dimethyl phenyl
carbinol, eucaliptol, cedrol, geranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, geranyl nitrile,
cis-3-hexenyl acetate, hydroxycitronellal, d-limonene, linalool, linalool oxide,
linalyl acetate, linalyl propionate, methyl anthranilate, alpha-methyl ionone,
methyl nonyl acetaldehyde, methyl phenyl carbinyl acetate, laevo-menthyl
acetate, menthone, iso-menthone, mycrene, myrcenyl acetate, myrcenol, nerol,
neryl acetate, nonyl acetate, phenyl ethyl alcohol, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene,
gamma-terpinene, alpha-terpineol, beta-terpineol, terpinyl acetate, and
vertenex (para-tertiary-butyl cyclohexyl acetate). Some natural oils also
contain large percentages of highly volatile perfume ingredients. For example,
lavandin contains as major components : linalool; linalyl acetate; geraniol; and
citronellol. Lemon oil and orange terpenes both contain about 95% of d-limonene.
Examples of moderately volatile perfume ingredients are : amyl cinnamic
aldehyde, iso-amyl salicylate, beta-caryophyllene, cedrene, cinnamic alcohol,
coumarin, dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, ethyl vanillin, eugenol, iso-eugenol,
flor acetate, heliotropine, 3-cis-hexenyl salicylate, hexyl salicylate, lilial (para-tertiarybutyl-alpha-methyl
hydrocinnamic aldehyde), gamma-methyl ionone,
nerolidol, patchouli alcohol, phenyl hexanol, beta-selinene, trichloromethyl
phenyl carbinyl acetate, triethyl citrate, vanillin, and veratraldehyde.
Cedarwood terpenes are composed mainly of alpha-cedrene, beta-cedrene,
and other C15H24 sesquiterpenes.
Examples of the less volatile, high boiling, perfume ingredients are :
benzophenone, benzyl salicylate, ethylene brassylate, galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyclopenta-gama-2-benzopyran),
hexyl
cinnamic aldehyde, lyral (4-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl pentyl)-3-cyclohexene-10-carboxaldehyde),
methyl cedrylone, methyl dihydro jasmonate, methyl-beta-naphthyl
ketone, musk indanone, musk ketone, musk tibetene, and phenylethyl
phenyl acetate.
The compositions according to the present invention comprise up to 3% by
weight of the total composition of a perfume or mixtures thereof, preferably of
from 0.1% to 2% and more preferably of from 0.2% to 1%.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a chelating
agent or mixtures thereof. Any cheating agents known to those skilled in the art
are suitable to be used herein. Typically, such chelating agents include the
ones selected from the group consisting of phosphonate chelating agents,
amino carboxylate chelating agents, polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic
chelating agents, and further cheating agents like glycine, salicylic acid,
aspartic acid, glutamic acid, malonic acid, and mixtures thereof. Chelating
agents when used, are typically present herein in amounts ranging from
0.001% to 5% by weight of the total composition and preferably from 0.05% to
2% by weight.
Suitable phosphonate chelating agents to be used herein may include
ethydronic acid, metaphosphoric acid (HPO3)n, pyrophosphoric acid
(H4P2O7), methylidene di phosphonic acid (CH2(H2PO3)2), as well as amino
phosphonate compounds, including aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid),
amino alkylene poly (alkylene phosphonate), alkali metal ethane 1-hydroxy
diphosphonates, nitrilo trimethylene phosphonates, ethylene diamine tetra
methylene phosphonates, and diethylene triamine penta methylene
phosphonates. The phosphonate compounds may be present either in their
acid form or as salts of different cations on some or all of their acid
functionalities. Preferred phosphonate cheating agents to be used herein are
diethylene triamine penta methylene phosphonates. Such phosphonate
chelating agents are commercially available from Monsanto under the trade
name DEQUEST®.
Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents may also be useful in the
compositions herein. See U.S. patent 3,812,044, issued May 21, 1974, to
Connor et al. Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are
dihydroxydisulfobenzenes such as 1,2-dihydroxy -3,5-disulfobenzene.
A preferred biodegradable chelating agent for use herein is ethylene diamine
N,N'- disuccinic acid, or alkali metal, or alkaline earth, ammonium or substitutes
ammonium salts thereof or mixtures thereof. Ethylenediamine N,N'- disuccinic
acids, especially the (S,S) isomer have been extensively described in US patent
4, 704, 233, November 3, 1987, to Hartman and Perkins. Ethylenediamine N,N'-disuccinic
acid is, for instance, commercially available under the tradename
ssEDDS® from Palmer Research Laboratories.
Suitable amino carboxylates to be used herein include ethylene diamine tetra
acetates, diethylene triamine pentaacetates, diethylene triamine pentaacetate
(DTPA),N- hydroxyethylethylenediamine triacetates, nitrilotri-acetates,
ethylenediamine tetrapropionates, triethylenetetraaminehexa-acetates, ethanoldiglycines,
propylene diamine tetracetic acid (PDTA) and methyl glycine diacetic
acid (MGDA), both in their acid form, or in their alkali metal, ammonium,
and substituted ammonium salt forms. Particularly suitable amino carboxylates
to be used herein are diethylene triamine penta acetic acid, propylene diamine
tetracetic acid (PDTA) which is, for instance, commercially available from BASF
under the trade name Trilon FS® and methyl glycine di-acetic acid (MGDA).
Particularly preferred chelating agents to be used herein are diethylene triamine
methylene phosphonate, ethylene N,N'-disuccinic acid, diethylene triamine
pantaacetate, aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid), glycine, salicylic acid,
aspartic acid, glutamic acid, malonic acid or mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise a radical
scavenger or mixtures thereof. Any radical scavengers known to those skilled
in the art are suitable to be used herein. Suitable radical scavengers for use
herein include the well-known substituted mono and dihydroxy benzenes and
their analogs, alkyl and aryl carboxylates and mixtures thereof. Preferred such
radical scavengers for use herein include di-tert-butyl hydroxy toluene (BHT),
hydroquinone, di-tert-butyl hydroquinone, mono-tert-butyl hydroquinone, tert-butyl-hydroxy
anysole, benzoic acid, toluic acid, catechol, t-butyl catechol,
benzylamine, 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl) butane, n-propylgallate
or mixtures thereof and highly preferred is di-tert-butyl hydroxy toluene.
Radical scavengers when used, are typically present herein in amounts ranging
from 0.001% to 2% by weight of the total composition and preferably from
0.001% to 0.5% by weight.
The present invention further encompasses a process of treating a hard-surface,
especially inclined surfaces, wherein a composition according to the
present invention is applied in its neat or diluted form onto said surface,
optionally left to act thereto for an effective period of time and then removed for
example by rinsing or flushing.
By "in its diluted form" it is meant herein that the compositions herein may be
diluted with water up to 99% of water. Dilution may occur either before, after or
while the composition is applied to a hard-surface.
The compositions herein find a preferred application in the cleaning of toilet
bowls and bath tubs. In a preferred embodiment herein, the compositions of
the present invention are applied neat onto the inclined surface, especially a
toilet bowl, then left to act thereto typically for 1 minute to 1 hour, preferably 1
minute to 30 minutes and then removed by rinsing or flushing. In another
embodiment herein, the compositions according to the present invention may
be diluted while or after they are applied to the surface to be cleaned. For
example, said compositions may be dispensed from a container neat onto said
hard-surface, then diluted in water and left to act onto said surfaces for an
effective period of time and then removed by rinsing or flushing.
As used in the foregoing paragraphs, the expression "treating" includes
washing as the compositions used in the process according to the present
invention comprise surfactants, optionally descaling limescale as said
compositions may also be acidic, and optionally bleaching as said
compositions may also comprise a source of active oxygen, preferably
hydrogen peroxide and/or persulfate salts. Preferably the three treatments are
performed.
The compositions according to the present invention may be manufactured by
adding the different ingredients in any order. However, the desired initial
viscosity of an aqueous composition of the present invention is obtained
immediately, when following a preferred mixing order for the incorporation of
the different ingredients in said composition. Accordingly, the present invention
further encompasses a process for the manufacture of the liquid thickened
compositions of the present invention, wherein said process comprises the
steps of:
- preparing an aqueous medium comprising water and the source of active
oxygen, if present, and the acid, if present,
- adding to said matrix the quaternary ammonium surfactant,
- then adding the perfume, if present, and finally the C12-C18 alkyl
sulphonate and/or C12-C18 alkyl aryl sulphonate,
- and as a final step the resulting composition is stirred at least one hour at
500 r.p.m. with a bladed stirrer at 20°C.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Examples
Compositions are made which comprise the listed ingredients in the listed proportions
(weight %).
COMPOSITIONS (weight %) | | I | II | III | IV | V | VI |
Curox® | | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - |
Hydrogen peroxide | | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Sulfuric acid | | - | - | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
Naphtalen di sulphonic acid | | 8 | 8 | - | - | - | - |
C16 trimethyl ammonium sulphate | | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
Lauryl aryl suphonate | | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.2 | 0.18 | 0.16 |
Hostapur SAS® | | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Perfume | | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
water and minors | up to 100 % |
pH | | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Viscosity (cps) | | 280 | 310 | 650 | 550 | 505 | 350 |
COMPOSITIONS (weight %) | | VII | VIII | IX | X |
Curox® | | - | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Hydrogen peroxide | | 3 | - | - | - |
Sulfuric acid | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
C16 trimethyl ammonium sulphate | | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 |
Lauryl aryl suphonate | | 0.16 | 0.06 | - | - |
Hostapur SAS® | | | - | 0.15 | 0.12 |
Perfume | | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
water and minors | up to 100 % |
pH | | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Viscosity (cps) | | 300 | 350 | 300 | 280 |
Curox® is one of the commercial names of monopersulfate salts.
Hostapur SAS® is a commercially available C14-C16 alkyl sulphonate. |
The initial viscosity of the above compositions were measured by a Carri-Med
Rheomoter CLS 100 by TA instruments at fixed shear stress of 50 dyne/cm2 at
20°C with a 4 cm diameter cone spindle. 50 dyne/cm2 as shear stress value is
representative of a fluid flow occurring on an inclined surface when the product
thickness on the surface is about 1 mm and the only external force is due to the
gravity field, as in a toilet cleaning application.
All the above compositions according to the present invention are translucent,
Newtonian compositions that provide significant benefits in toilet soils cleaning
both when used neat or diluted. Said compositions are stable over long
periods of time. Indeed, these compositions have not more than 10% available
oxygen loss after 1 month at room temperature.