EP0899593A2 - Optical connection - Google Patents
Optical connection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0899593A2 EP0899593A2 EP98113366A EP98113366A EP0899593A2 EP 0899593 A2 EP0899593 A2 EP 0899593A2 EP 98113366 A EP98113366 A EP 98113366A EP 98113366 A EP98113366 A EP 98113366A EP 0899593 A2 EP0899593 A2 EP 0899593A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- protective layer
- window
- connection according
- optical connection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Optical Elements (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbindung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a connection according to the preamble of claim 1.
Optische Verbindungen, insbesondere Steckverbindungen sind in der Nachrichtentechnik grundsätzlich bekannt und werden im großen Umfang eingesetzt. Bekannte Stecker mit einem Lichtwellenleiter, zwei Lichtwellenleitern, zum Beispiel zur Hausverkabelung oder EDV-Verkabelung oder mit vier bis vierundzwanzig Lichtwellenleitern werden sowohl zur Daten- und Informationsübertragung als auch zur Bildübertragung und Sprachübertragung verwendet. Die optischen Steckverbindungen sind prinzipiell wie folgt aufgebaut: Der Lichtwellenleiter mit einem typischen Außendurchmesser von 125 µm wird im Zentrum eines Stiftes aus Hartmetall oder Keramik fixiert, wobei der Stiftdurchmesser 2,5 mm oder 1,25 mm beträgt. An der Stirnfläche des Stiftes ragt die zu einer Kugelkalotte polierte Endfläche des Lichtwellenleiters etwas hervor. Die Stifte werden über eine zylindrische Hülse mit hoher Präzision zusammengesteckt, sodaß der Versatz der Faserkerne weniger als 1 µm beträgt. Das Stecken erfolgt mit einem kleinen Andruck, wodurch die Kugelkalotten in der Mitte abgeflacht werden. Es entsteht bei sauberen Endflächen ein optischer Kontakt mit geringem Einfügeverlust und sehr kleiner Rückreflexion. In T. Shintaku et al. "Highly Stable Physical-Contact Optical Fiber Connectors with Sperical Convex Ends", Journal of Lightwave Technology 11,2(1993)241, ist eine ausführliche Beschreibung der Grundlagen und der Herstellung für optische Steckverbindungen veröffentlicht. Optical connections, in particular plug connections generally known and becoming known in communications engineering used on a large scale. Known plugs with one Optical fiber, two optical fibers, for example for house cabling or EDP cabling or with four to Twenty-four optical fibers are used for both data and Information transfer as well as for image transfer and voice transmission used. The optical In principle, plug connections are structured as follows: The Optical fibers with a typical outside diameter of 125 µm is in the center of a hard metal or pin Ceramic fixed, the pin diameter 2.5 mm or Is 1.25 mm. The protrudes on the end face of the pin a spherical cap polished end surface of the Optical fiber something. The pens are over a cylindrical sleeve with high precision put together so that the offset of the fiber cores less than 1 µm. The plugging is done with a small one Pressure, which flattened the spherical caps in the middle become. With clean end surfaces, an optical one is created Contact with little insertion loss and very small Back reflection. In T. Shintaku et al. "Highly stable Physical-Contact Optical Fiber Connectors with Sperical Convex Ends ", Journal of Lightwave Technology 11.2 (1993) 241, is a detailed description of the Basics and manufacturing for optical Plug connections published.
Bei verschiedenen Anwendungen optischer Verbindungen, zum Beispiel in der Meßtechnik, bei denen die mechanische Stabilität einer Grenzfläche klein ist, weil sie aus einem relativ weichen Material, wie zum Beispiel Quarzglas, Glas oder Kunststoff, tritt eine störende Veränderung der Transmission ein. Insbesondere bei Anwendungen in der Meßtechnik, wenn zur Messung von Faserparametern, zum Beispiel der Dämpfung, die Endfläche einer Faser auf einem optischen Fenster vor einer Lichtquelle oder einem optischen Detektor aufgesetzt wird, ist eine Verbesserung der mechanischen Stabilität der Grenzfläche des optischen Fensters, auf der die Faser aufgesetzt wird, erforderlich. Um störende Reflexionen hierbei zu vermeiden, wird das Fenster im allgemeinen aus dem gleichen Material hergestellt wie die Faser, und die Brechzahlenanpassung zwischen Faserendfläche und Fensteroberfläche durch eine Medium mit gleicher Brechzahl, zum Beispiel Immersionsöl oder -gel, optimiert.In various applications of optical connections, for Example in measurement technology in which the mechanical Stability of an interface is small because it consists of one relatively soft material, such as quartz glass, glass or plastic, an annoying change occurs Transmission on. Especially for applications in the Measuring technology, when measuring fiber parameters, for Example of attenuation, the end face of a fiber on one optical window in front of a light source or a optical detector is an improvement the mechanical stability of the optical interface Window on which the fiber is placed. In order to avoid disturbing reflections, this will be Windows generally made of the same material manufactured like the fiber, and the refractive index adjustment between fiber end surface and window surface by a Medium with the same refractive index, for example immersion oil or gel, optimized.
Beim Aufsetzen der Faser auf die Fensteroberfläche kommt es durch Verunreinigungen auf den Grenzflächen wie zum Beispiel durch Staubpartikel oder durch Grate an der gebrochenen Faserendfläche zu Beschädigungen meist Kratzern. Solche Schäden an der Fensteroberfläche in dem Bereich, den das Meßlicht durchstrahlt, verfälschen die Meßergebnisse und stellen somit ein Problem für die Meßtechnik dar.It happens when the fiber is placed on the window surface due to impurities on the interfaces such as Example by dust particles or by burrs on the broken fiber end surface to damage mostly Scratches. Such damage to the window surface in the The area that the measuring light shines through falsifies the Measurement results and thus pose a problem for the Measurement technology.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die optische Verbindung zwischen Lichtwellenleitern und optischen Fenstern, insbesondere für die Anwendung in der Meßtechnik dahingehend zu verbessern, daß schädliche Transmissionsänderungen vermieden werden, eine höhere Meßgenauigkeit und verbesserte Langzeitstabilität erreicht wird. The invention has for its object the optical Connection between optical fibers and optical Windows, in particular for use in measurement technology to improve that harmful transmission changes Avoid higher measurement accuracy and improved long-term stability is achieved.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung der Aufgabe ist im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 charakterisiert. Weitere Lösungen ergeben sich aus den Kennzeichen der Patentansprüche 2 bis 8.The achievement of the object according to the invention is characteristic characterized in claim 1. More solutions result from the characteristics of claims 2 to 8th.
Die mechanische Stabilität der Fensteroberfläche wird wesentlich verbessert, in dem eine harte, dünne Schicht aus Al2O3 (Saphir) oder anderen harten ähnlichen Substanzen aufgebracht wird, ohne daß dadurch eine störende Reflexionserhöhung auftritt.The mechanical stability of the window surface is significantly improved by applying a hard, thin layer of Al 2 O 3 (sapphire) or other hard similar substances without causing an annoying increase in reflection.
Im nachfolgenden wird die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung, insbesondere ein Anwendungsfall aus der Meßtechnik beschrieben. Wenn zur Messung von Faserparametern von Lichtwellenleitern, zum Beispiel der Dämpfung, die Endflächen einer Faser auf einem optischen Fenster vor einer Lichtquelle oder einem optischen Detektor aufgesetzt werden, wird im vorliegenden Falle ein Fenster benutzt, bei dem die mechanische Stabilität der Fensteroberfläche wesentlich verbessert ist. Dies geschieht dadurch, daß eine aufgebrachte harte, sehr dünne Schutzschicht aus Korund (Al2O3) oder anderen harten ähnlichen Substanzen besteht. Durch diese Maßnahme erfolgt die optische Verbindung zwichen Lichtwellenleiter bzw. -faser und optischen Fenster ohne störende Erhöhung der Reflexion und ohne Transmissionsveränderungen durch Beschädigung der Fensteroberfläche, wodurch sich wesentlich genauere Meßergebnisse erzielen lassen. Es soll allerdings betont werden, daß die Anwendung nicht nur auf solche Meßanordnungen beschränkt ist, sondern auf jede optische Kontaktfläche zwischen einer Oberfläche eines optischen Fensters und einer Endfläche eines Lichtwellenleiters bzw. -fasern anwendbar ist.The embodiment according to the invention, in particular an application from measurement technology, is described below. If the end faces of a fiber are placed on an optical window in front of a light source or an optical detector for measuring fiber parameters of optical waveguides, for example the attenuation, a window is used in the present case in which the mechanical stability of the window surface is significantly improved. This happens because an applied hard, very thin protective layer made of corundum (Al 2 O 3 ) or other hard similar substances. As a result of this measure, the optical connection between optical waveguide or fiber and optical window takes place without disturbing increase in reflection and without transmission changes due to damage to the window surface, as a result of which much more precise measurement results can be achieved. However, it should be emphasized that the application is not only limited to such measuring arrangements, but can also be applied to any optical contact surface between a surface of an optical window and an end surface of an optical waveguide or fibers.
Als Materialien für die aufzubringende Schutzschicht kommen neben Al2O3 alle absorptionsfreien Stoffe mit noch größerer Härte in Frage. Geeignete Oxide sind unter anderem Y2O3, Sc2O3, ZrO2 und HfO2 wie aus der Veröffentlichung von N. Kaiser: "Dünne Schichten für den ultravioletten Spektralbereich", Laser und Optoelektronik 28,2(1996)52, hervorgeht. In der Veröffentlichung von F. Richter: "Superharte dünne Schichten", Physikalische Blätter 52,4 (1996)355" werden eine Anzahl von Substanzen angegeben, wie zum Beispiel Nitride, Boride und Carbide, deren Härte zwischen der von Al2O3 und der von Diamanten liegt.In addition to Al 2 O 3, all absorption-free substances with even greater hardness are suitable as materials for the protective layer to be applied. Suitable oxides include Y 2 O 3 , Sc 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and HfO 2 as can be seen from the publication by N. Kaiser: "Thin layers for the ultraviolet spectral range", Laser and Optoelectronics 28.2 (1996) 52 . In the publication by F. Richter: "Superhard thin layers", Physikalische Blätter 52.4 (1996) 355 "a number of substances are given, such as nitrides, borides and carbides, the hardness of which is between that of Al 2 O 3 and that lies of diamonds.
Zur Herstellung der Schutzschichten können unter anderem ionengestützte Verfahren, wie in den beiden letztgenannten Veröffentlichungen beschrieben, Ionenstrahl-Zerstäubungsverfahren, wie in der Veröffentlichung von R. Henking et al.: "Ionentrahl-Zerstäuben: Ein Beschichtungsverfahren für Laserkomponenten der Zukunft", Laser und Optoelektronik 28,2(1996)43, oder das MikroPlasma-Verfahren gemäß der Veröffentlichung von M.A. Scobey et al.: "Passive DWDM components using MicroPlasma optical interference filters", Optical Fiber Conference OFC 1996, Thk 1242, eingesetzt werden. Dadurch daß die Fensteroberflächen mit einer dünnen, absorptionsfreien Schicht aus sehr hartem Material beschichtet sind, erhöht sich die Kratzfestigkeit der Oberfläche des optischen Fensters sehr wesentlich. Die Dicke der Schutzschicht wird dabei so gering bemessen, daß störende Reflexionsverluste durch Brechungszahlunterschiede weitgehend vermieden werden. Die Herstellung der Schutzschicht bzw. das Auftragen der entsprechenden Materialien kann durch ionengestützte Verfahren, Ionenstrahl-Zerstäuben oder durch bekannte MikroPlasma-Verfahren erfolgen. Die Beschichtungsdauer ist wegen der geringen Dicke der Schutzschicht relativ kurz. Die auf das optische Fenster aufgebrachten Faserenden können nun die Oberfäche des optischen Fensters nicht mehr zerkratzen. Die Schutzschichten können auch aus einem absorptionsfreien, anorganischen oder organischen Material großer Härte bestehen, wenn das optische Fenster aus Kunststoff besteht. Die Schutzschicht für ein optisches Fenster oder dergleichen aus Quarzglas kann auch aus Oxiden, Nitriden, Boriden oder Carbiden bestehen. Die optische Dicke der Schutzschicht liegt zwischen 1/1000 und 1/10 der Betriebswellenlänge. Es sei noch einmal darauf hingewiesen, daß es sehr vorteilhaft ist, zur Vermeidung störender Reflexionsverluste durch Brechungsunterschiede die Dicke der Schutzschicht so gering wie nur möglich zu bemessen. Als weiteres Material für die Schutzschicht sind zum Beispiel die Oxide Y2O3, Sc2O3, ZrO2 und HfO2 geeignet.To produce the protective layers, ion-assisted processes, as described in the last two publications, ion beam sputtering processes, such as in the publication by R. Henking et al .: "Ion beam sputtering: a coating process for laser components of the future", lasers and optoelectronics can be used, among other things 28.2 (1996) 43, or the MikroPlasma method according to the publication by MA Scobey et al .: "Passive DWDM components using MicroPlasma optical interference filters", Optical Fiber Conference OFC 1996, Thk 1242. The fact that the window surfaces are coated with a thin, absorption-free layer of very hard material increases the scratch resistance of the surface of the optical window considerably. The thickness of the protective layer is so small that disturbing reflection losses due to differences in refractive index are largely avoided. The protective layer can be produced or the appropriate materials can be applied by ion-assisted processes, ion beam sputtering or by known micro-plasma processes. The coating time is relatively short due to the small thickness of the protective layer. The fiber ends attached to the optical window can no longer scratch the surface of the optical window. The protective layers can also consist of an absorption-free, inorganic or organic material of great hardness if the optical window is made of plastic. The protective layer for an optical window or the like made of quartz glass can also consist of oxides, nitrides, borides or carbides. The optical thickness of the protective layer is between 1/1000 and 1/10 of the operating wavelength. It should be pointed out once again that it is very advantageous to minimize the thickness of the protective layer as much as possible in order to avoid disturbing reflection losses due to differences in refraction. The oxides Y 2 O 3 , Sc 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and HfO 2 are suitable as a further material for the protective layer.
Dadurch, daß nunmehr die Oberfläche des optischen Fensters mit einer sehr harten, reflexionsfreien und dünnen Schutzschicht versehen ist, können Verunreinigungen beim Aufsetzen der Faser auf die Grenzfläche oder Grate an der gebrochenen Faserendfläche nicht mehr zu Beschädigungen führen.Because now the surface of the optical window with a very hard, reflection-free and thin Protective layer is provided, contamination can Placing the fiber on the interface or ridges on the broken fiber end surface no longer causes damage to lead.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19737498 | 1997-08-28 | ||
DE19737498A DE19737498C2 (en) | 1997-08-28 | 1997-08-28 | Optical connection |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0899593A2 true EP0899593A2 (en) | 1999-03-03 |
EP0899593A3 EP0899593A3 (en) | 1999-09-08 |
EP0899593B1 EP0899593B1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
Family
ID=7840438
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98113366A Expired - Lifetime EP0899593B1 (en) | 1997-08-28 | 1998-07-17 | Optical connection |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6041156A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0899593B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE291242T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2245850A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19737498C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19909703A1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-09-07 | Schlafhorst & Co W | Optical yarn monitoring device |
US6445939B1 (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2002-09-03 | Lightlab Imaging, Llc | Ultra-small optical probes, imaging optics, and methods for using same |
US20110091164A1 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-21 | Optical Cable Corporation | Hardened Low Back Reflection Optical Fiber Physical Contacts and Connectors Containing Such Contacts and Method for Making the Same |
EP3108278A1 (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2016-12-28 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Optical bodies having a total internal reflection surface and a short optical path length |
WO2015153321A1 (en) | 2014-04-04 | 2015-10-08 | Corning Optical Communications LLC | Substrate mounted optical receptacle |
JP2020112751A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-27 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | End structure of transmission line |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0058461A1 (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-08-25 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | End capping an optical fiber |
US4602847A (en) * | 1984-06-04 | 1986-07-29 | Hans Zapfe | Method of producing optical elements having interference layers |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3742204C2 (en) * | 1987-12-12 | 1995-10-26 | Leybold Ag | Process for producing a corrosion-resistant, largely absorption-free layer on the surface of a workpiece |
DE3804732C2 (en) * | 1988-02-15 | 1993-10-14 | Oka Kano & Oehmichen Kg Forsch | Method of making a reflector |
JP3292729B2 (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 2002-06-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Optical fiber type optical amplifier |
DE69614583T2 (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 2002-06-27 | Nat Inst Of Advanced Ind Scien | Light-sensitive device |
US5680412A (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1997-10-21 | Demaria Electrooptics Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for improving the optical intensity induced damage limit of optical quality crystals |
JP3517067B2 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 2004-04-05 | アルプス電気株式会社 | Magnetic head |
DE19712950C2 (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 2002-11-07 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Optical connection |
-
1997
- 1997-08-28 DE DE19737498A patent/DE19737498C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-07-17 AT AT98113366T patent/ATE291242T1/en active
- 1998-07-17 DE DE59812651T patent/DE59812651D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-17 EP EP98113366A patent/EP0899593B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-27 CA CA002245850A patent/CA2245850A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-08-28 US US09/143,132 patent/US6041156A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0058461A1 (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-08-25 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | End capping an optical fiber |
US4602847A (en) * | 1984-06-04 | 1986-07-29 | Hans Zapfe | Method of producing optical elements having interference layers |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
HENKING R ET AL: "Ion-beam-sputtering: a deposition process for laser components of the future" LASER UND OPTOELEKTRONIK, APRIL 1996, AT-FACHVERLAG, GERMANY, Bd. 28, Nr. 2, Seiten 43-49, XP002109023 ISSN: 0722-9003 * |
RICHTER F: "Superharte d}nne Schichten" PHYSIKALISCHE BLATTER, Bd. 52, Nr. 4, April 1996 (1996-04), Seiten 355-358, XP002109022 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59812651D1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
DE19737498C2 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
DE19737498A1 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
CA2245850A1 (en) | 1999-02-28 |
ATE291242T1 (en) | 2005-04-15 |
EP0899593B1 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
EP0899593A3 (en) | 1999-09-08 |
US6041156A (en) | 2000-03-21 |
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