EP0990756A2 - Access control system - Google Patents

Access control system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0990756A2
EP0990756A2 EP99114000A EP99114000A EP0990756A2 EP 0990756 A2 EP0990756 A2 EP 0990756A2 EP 99114000 A EP99114000 A EP 99114000A EP 99114000 A EP99114000 A EP 99114000A EP 0990756 A2 EP0990756 A2 EP 0990756A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transponder
biometric
access control
data
control system
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EP99114000A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0990756A3 (en
Inventor
Anatoli Stobbe
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00563—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys using personal physical data of the operator, e.g. finger prints, retinal images, voicepatterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/26—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition using a biometric sensor integrated in the pass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/27—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass with central registration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an access control system according to the Preamble of claim 1.
  • a known problem of access control with one Data carrier containing access code is that not the authorized person based on individual characteristics, but the holder of the data carrier is authorized. Got it the data medium can be in the possession of unauthorized persons get this access. Previous access control systems were unable to identify and identify the person himself to verify. This problem can only be solved by using it from biometric systems.
  • Biometric systems have inalienable features a person, such as B. voice, fingerprint, face or retina used for authorization. It depends to evaluate such characteristics that a person as possible allow clear identification. Is this condition not met, the biometric system increases security not essential for access control, since the biometric characteristic is common to many people and therefore other people also have access due to the biometric feature can get. On the other hand, the biometric Characteristics are not tolerated so closely that natural Changes in characteristics or deviations in the recording authorized persons are denied access.
  • a system is known under the name LEGICfinger, at a fingerprint of the person requesting access as biometric data Person evaluated and with saved data this Fingerprint is compared.
  • the saved data is located here on a mobile data carrier in the form of a Card that the person carries with them.
  • the system uses a data compression method, that the compressed fingerprint in compressed Form stores in the memory of the disk.
  • the well-known system manages with 30 bytes of storage capacity.
  • a storage of the biometric data would be especially when recording biometric features of faces, in the memory of the transponder because of the relatively high Storage requirements currently not possible. But even with enough Memory would be a non-contact transfer this amount of data in the long-wave range to significant problems to lead.
  • the transfer time required for the data would be namely so large that in the usual moving handling of Transponder not from a sufficiently stable transmission path within the feed range of the reader can be assumed.
  • the invention has for its object an access control system the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 to improve that an additional one if necessary Review of person-specific characteristics while maintaining the storage, transmission and evaluation of the Permission code assigned to the transponder is enabled.
  • This task is performed in an access control system according to the Preamble of claim 1 by the specified in the license plate Features resolved.
  • the access control system can continue the previous authorization code of the transponder in saved this, transferred to the reader of the control station and unchanged or slightly modified via the Network to the higher-level or central code evaluation device be transmitted. This makes changes to These devices are not required or only to a small extent. It is also of great importance that the biometric Compare any accrued to the authorization code not significantly increased amount of data with every control process transmitted over the network and superordinate or central must be evaluated.
  • the authorization code of the transponder can continue to be measured in this way be that on the one hand he has a sufficient number of Covers possible variations, but on the other hand in one sufficiently short time can be transmitted. Thereby continue to be suitable transponders that transfer their data to the reader transmitted in the long wave range. Despite the relative here low data rate, the transmission time for transmission is sufficient the full authorization code, if the transponder is in the usual manual motion sequence the field of the reader spent and immediately out of it Will get removed.
  • the local comparison also allows one different from control station to control station Evaluation of biometric features, an independent modification the control stations and creating different the requirements of individually adapted security levels.
  • the joint control of biometric features and the has the correct authorization code of the transponder a system that only checks biometric characteristics the following advantages. It can be done without sacrificing overall security when checking the conformity of biometric characteristics allow a greater tolerance than one exclusively biometric testing. This will reduce the rejection rate authorized persons due to allegedly missing Matches of the recorded biometric features with the stored biometric data very low.
  • the stored biometric Data with the associated authorization codes of the transponders be linked. For the comparison of the recorded biometric Features with the stored biometric data then only those for the respective authorization code of the Selected transponders valid biometric data.
  • the second alternative does require one Modification, but this can affect the transmission and evaluation of the information of an already made locally Limit comparison to the code evaluation device. In the simplest case, this could be a yes / no status in the transmitted Be a data word that only takes up another bit.
  • the additional load on the network during transmission of the state "no biometric match Features with stored biometric data "is the Opportunity, the data of failed access attempts to be able to save centrally.
  • At least one sensor for detecting biometric is preferably Features within a transponder mobile unit arranged. This can be a Act sensor for the detection of fingerprints or handprints, which touches when handling the mobile unit anyway becomes.
  • the transponder can be arranged through the unit Comparators should also be controlled so that they only match of the biometric features determined by the sensor the authorization code in the stored biometric data is transferred to the reader. Conversely, would then be missing Transfer nothing.
  • both control stations for low security level have only individual readers for transponders include, as well as control stations for high level of security have both readers for transponders as well as biometric capture devices.
  • the access control system according to the invention can thus be dynamic be adapted to increased security requirements. It is of course possible for the biometric components use different biometric recognition methods, e.g. Fingerprint process, face recognition process Voice recognition process or one or more combinations from that. This creates an additional hierarchy of Security levels possible.
  • biometric recognition methods e.g. Fingerprint process, face recognition process Voice recognition process or one or more combinations from that. This creates an additional hierarchy of Security levels possible.
  • biometric data In practice it is useful to have the biometric features to create comparative data under supervision. Then is the storage of the biometric data in the control station provided, it is nevertheless expedient biometric data can also be saved centrally and from there to the control stations once or from time to time to transmit the network. This then results in uniform Data available to all connected control stations. This is also the case when the database is expanded or changed appropriate for this biometric data and simplifies the Administrative effort for system maintenance.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an access control system with several monitored doors 20.
  • Each door 20 is a Status generator 22 for the open-closed state, a door opener 24 and a control station 10, 12, 14 assigned.
  • Each Control station 10, 12, 14 comprises a reader 28 for one Transponder 36 in which an authorization code is stored. This authorization code can be contacted to the reader 28 without contact be transmitted.
  • each control station comprises 10 12, 14 a recording device for biometric features, for. B. the control station 10 a detection device 30 with a sensor for fingerprints, the control station 12 is a capture device 32 with a sensor for facial features and the Control station 14 a detection device 34 with a sensor for voice recognition.
  • the control stations 10, 12, 14 also include memories for biometric data and comparators to compare the recorded data biometric features with the stored biometric Data.
  • the control stations 10, 12, 14 are via a network 26 with higher-level code evaluation devices 16 and connected to a central computer 18.
  • biometric data in the control stations 10, 12, 14 stores that are used for a comparison more options. So it is possible to all control stations 10, 12, 14 for which an access authorization is granted should be visited one after the other and the biometric Capture features once and save them as biometric data.
  • a master transponder 38 who is briefly placed in the field of the reader 28, the associated control station 10, 12, 14 in a recording state transferred. Then the transponder 36 with the Authorization code placed in the field of the same reader 28 and in addition the biometric features are about the sensor of the control station 10, 12, 14 assigned biometric detection device 30, 32, 34 detected.
  • Access should be possible at a large number of control stations can also be a recording of the biometric features and the authorization code of the transponder 36 on a registration computer 40 are made and the data set from biometric Data and the authorization code over a network transmitted to the selected control stations 10, 12, 14 become.
  • This can be a separate network 42 if that existing network 26 between the control stations 10, 12, 14 and the code evaluation devices 16 and / or the central one Computer 18 should remain unchanged, or already existing network 26. In the latter case, the Data records are also transmitted to the central computer 18, which then causes the records to be over the existing Network 26 to the selected control stations 10, 12, 14 to get redirected.
  • the person requesting access holds the access control carried transponder 36 into the field of the reader 28 and also enables the collection of biometric data, by the corresponding sensor of the detection device 30, 32, 34 served. Depending on the version, this can be done by hand or Laying on fingers, looking at the sensor or giving a voice test respectively. With a positive comparison of the biometric Features with the stored biometric data and additional The appropriate authorization code becomes the authorization code to the code evaluation device 16 and / or the central computer 18 transmitted. This checks the authorization code and activates the door opener with access permission 24th
  • the Authorization code transmitted from transponder 36 to reader 28 used for comparison purposes select biometric data from the entire database.
  • the stored biometric data are included associated authorization codes of transponders 36 linked and only such biometric data will be used for comparison who used the same authorization code as him the transponder 36 contains are linked.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment for a mobile unit.
  • This includes an authorization card similar to a credit card 44 in addition to a transponder 36 also a memory 46 for biometric data, a recording device 48 with a sensor for biometric features, e.g. B. a pressure sensor matrix for fingerprints, as well as a control logic 50.
  • the control logic 50 serves as a comparator for that of the sensor when touched the authorization card 44 with detected biometric features stored biometric data. If the biometric features with the stored biometric Data, the transponder 36 is activated and also a stored one Transfer the authorization code to the reader.
  • the Power supply of the electronic components on the authorization card 44 takes place contactlessly via the reading device, if the authorization card 44 in the field of the reader reached.

Abstract

The system has at least one mobile transponder (36) with an authorization code carried by a person and at least one local control station (10,12,14). The control station has a reader (28) for contactlessly reading the code when the transponder approaches the reader and for transmitting the code to a superior and/or central code evaluation device (16). Biometric measurement of intrinsic characteristics of the person carrying the transponder and comparison with stored biometric data are performed locally. Depending on the comparison result a data word contg. the authorization code word is transmitted via the network (26) to the code evaluation device.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Zugangskontrollsystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an access control system according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Ein bekanntes Problem der Zugangskontrolle mit einem einen Zugangscode enthaltenden Datenträger besteht darin, daß nicht die berechtigte Person aufgrund individueller Merkmale, sondern der Inhaber des Datenträgers autorisiert wird. Gelangt der Datenträger in den Besitz unbefugter Personen, können diese Zugang erhalten. Bisherige Zugangskontrollsysteme waren nicht in der Lage, die Person selbst zu identifizieren und zu verifizieren. Dieses Problem läßt sich erst durch die Verwendung von biometrischen Systemen lösen.A known problem of access control with one Data carrier containing access code is that not the authorized person based on individual characteristics, but the holder of the data carrier is authorized. Got it the data medium can be in the possession of unauthorized persons get this access. Previous access control systems were unable to identify and identify the person himself to verify. This problem can only be solved by using it from biometric systems.

Bei den biometrischen Systemen werden unveräußerliche Merkmale einer Person, wie z. B. Stimme, Fingerabdruck, Gesicht oder Netzhaut zur Autorisierung benutzt. Dabei kommt es darauf an, solche Merkmale auszuwerten, die eine Person möglichst eindeutig zu identifizieren erlauben. Ist diese Bedingung nicht erfüllt, so erhöht das biometrische System die Sicherheit bei der Zugangskontrolle nicht wesentlich, da das biometrische Merkmal vielen Personen gemeinsam ist und somit auch andere Personen aufgrund des biometrischen Merkmals Zugang erhalten können. Andererseits dürfen die biometrischen Merkmale nicht so eng toleriert werden, daß bei natürlichen Veränderungen der Merkmale oder Abweichungen bei der Erfassung den berechtigten Personen der Zugang verwehrt wird.Biometric systems have inalienable features a person, such as B. voice, fingerprint, face or retina used for authorization. It depends to evaluate such characteristics that a person as possible allow clear identification. Is this condition not met, the biometric system increases security not essential for access control, since the biometric characteristic is common to many people and therefore other people also have access due to the biometric feature can get. On the other hand, the biometric Characteristics are not tolerated so closely that natural Changes in characteristics or deviations in the recording authorized persons are denied access.

Unter der Bezeichnung LEGICfinger ist ein System bekannt, bei dem als biometrische Daten ein Fingerabdruck der zugangbegehrenden Person ausgewertet und mit gespeicherten Daten dieses Fingerabdrucks verglichen wird. Die gespeicherten Daten befinden sich hierbei auf einem mobilen Datenträger in Form einer Karte, welche die Person mit sich führt. Um die vielfältigen Merkmale eines Fingerabdrucks auf dem Datenträger speichern zu können, verwendet das System ein Datenkompressionsverfahren, das den erfaßten Fingerabdruck in komprimierter Form im Speicher des Datenträgers ablegt. Das bekannte System kommt dabei mit 30 Bytes Speicherkapazität aus. A system is known under the name LEGICfinger, at a fingerprint of the person requesting access as biometric data Person evaluated and with saved data this Fingerprint is compared. The saved data is located here on a mobile data carrier in the form of a Card that the person carries with them. To the diverse Store the characteristics of a fingerprint on the data carrier the system uses a data compression method, that the compressed fingerprint in compressed Form stores in the memory of the disk. The well-known system manages with 30 bytes of storage capacity.

Wollte man in gleicher Weise biometrische Merkmale, z. B. von Gesichtern erfassen und speichern, so ist auch mit Datenkompression eine Speicherkapazität von etwa 2 bis 5 KByte nötig, also etwa die huntertfache Speicherkapazität im Vergleich zur Speicherung von Fingerabdrücken.If you wanted biometric features in the same way, e.g. B. from Capturing and saving faces is the same with data compression a storage capacity of about 2 to 5 KB is required, about a hundred times the storage capacity compared to Storage of fingerprints.

Demgegenüber arbeiten übliche Transponder mit einer Speicherkapazität von 64 bis 128 Bit gleich 8 bis 9 Byte und auf diese Kapazität sind auch zugehörige zentrale Code-Auswerteeinrichtungen ausgelegt, mit denen eine Vielzahl lokaler Kontrollstationen, die den Berechtigungscode der Transponder lesen, über ein Netzwerk verbunden sind. Würde man statt dieser üblichen Daten nun die biometrischen Daten übertragen, so müßte das Gesamtsystem verändert werden, insbesondere die Kapazität der Datenbank der zu verwaltenden Berechtigungscodes erheblich vergrößert werden. Außerdem wäre auch die Übertragungskapazität sowie die Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit des Netzwerks zu erhöhen. Das bekannte System erlaubt es daher nicht, ein bestehendes Zugangskontrollsystem kostengünstig für biometrische Prüfungen zu erweitern. Vielmehr müßte das komplette System ausgetauscht werden, da sonst Freigabezeiten von maximal einer Sekunde nicht erreicht werden können. In contrast, conventional transponders work with a storage capacity from 64 to 128 bits equal to 8 to 9 bytes and on them Capacity are also associated central code evaluation devices designed with which a large number of local control stations, who read the authorization code of the transponders, are connected via a network. Would you instead of this usual data now transfer the biometric data, so the entire system would have to be changed, especially the capacity the database of the authorization codes to be managed be significantly enlarged. In addition, the transmission capacity would also be as well as the transmission speed of the Network. The known system therefore allows it not, an existing access control system is inexpensive expand for biometric testing. Rather, it should Complete system can be replaced, otherwise release times of a maximum of one second cannot be reached.

Darüberhinaus wäre einer Speicherung der biometrischen Daten, insbesondere bei Erfassung biometrischer Merkmale von Gesichtern, im Speicher des Transponders wegen des relativ hohen Speicherbedarfs derzeit nicht möglich. Aber selbst bei ausreichendem Speicher würde eine berührungslose Übertragung dieser Datenmenge im Langwellenbereich zu erheblichen Problemen führen. Die benötigte Übertragungszeit für die Daten wäre nämlich so groß, daß bei der üblichen bewegten Handhabung der Transponder nicht von einer ausreichend stabilen Übertragungsstrecke innerhalb des Einzugsbereichs des Lesegerätes ausgegangen werden kann.In addition, a storage of the biometric data would be especially when recording biometric features of faces, in the memory of the transponder because of the relatively high Storage requirements currently not possible. But even with enough Memory would be a non-contact transfer this amount of data in the long-wave range to significant problems to lead. The transfer time required for the data would be namely so large that in the usual moving handling of Transponder not from a sufficiently stable transmission path within the feed range of the reader can be assumed.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Zugangskontrollsystem der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannte Art dahingehend zu verbessern, daß bedarfsweise eine zusätzliche Überprüfung von personenspezifischen Merkmalen unter Beibehaltung der Speicherung, Übertragung und Auswertung des dem Transponder zugeordneten Berechtigungscode ermöglicht wird.The invention has for its object an access control system the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 to improve that an additional one if necessary Review of person-specific characteristics while maintaining the storage, transmission and evaluation of the Permission code assigned to the transponder is enabled.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Zugangskontrollsystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch die im Kennzeichen angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. This task is performed in an access control system according to the Preamble of claim 1 by the specified in the license plate Features resolved.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Zugangskontrollsystem kann weiterhin der bisher übliche Berechtigungscode des Transponders in diesem gespeichert, zum Lesegerät der Kontrollstation übertragen und unverändert oder geringfügig modifiziert über das Netzwerk an die übergeordnete oder zentrale Code-Auswerteeinrichtung übermittelt werden. Dadurch sind Änderungen an diesen Geräten nicht oder nur in geringem Maße erforderlich. Von großer Bedeutung ist hierbei auch, daß die für biometrische Vergleiche anfallende, gegenüber dem Berechtigungscode wesentlich erhöhte Datenmenge nicht bei jedem Kontrollvorgang über das Netzwerk übertragen und übergeordnet oder zentral ausgewertet werden muß.In the access control system according to the invention can continue the previous authorization code of the transponder in saved this, transferred to the reader of the control station and unchanged or slightly modified via the Network to the higher-level or central code evaluation device be transmitted. This makes changes to These devices are not required or only to a small extent. It is also of great importance that the biometric Compare any accrued to the authorization code not significantly increased amount of data with every control process transmitted over the network and superordinate or central must be evaluated.

Der Berechtigungscode des Transponders kann weiterhin so bemessen sein, daß er einerseits eine ausreichende Anzahl von Variationsmöglichkeiten abdeckt, andererseits aber in einer ausreichend kurzen Zeit übertragen werden kann. Dadurch sind auch weiterhin Transponder geeignet, die ihre Daten zum Lesegerät im Langwellenbereich übertragen. Trotz der hier relativ geringen Datenrate reicht die Übertragungszeit zur Übertragung des vollständigen Berechtigungscodes auch dann noch aus, wenn der Transponder im üblichen manuellen Bewegungsablauf in das Feld des Lesegerätes verbracht und gleich wieder daraus entfernt wird.The authorization code of the transponder can continue to be measured in this way be that on the one hand he has a sufficient number of Covers possible variations, but on the other hand in one sufficiently short time can be transmitted. Thereby continue to be suitable transponders that transfer their data to the reader transmitted in the long wave range. Despite the relative here low data rate, the transmission time for transmission is sufficient the full authorization code, if the transponder is in the usual manual motion sequence the field of the reader spent and immediately out of it Will get removed.

Durch die lokale Vornahme des Vergleichs der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit den gespeicherten biometrischen Daten können die besonders zeit- und datenaufwendigen Vergleiche dezentral und damit für alle Kontrollstationen parallel durchgeführt werden. Besonders bei Systemen mit einer großen Anzahl Kontrollstationen wird so bei gleichzeitig veranlaßten Kontrollvorgängen ein Stau in der Datenauswertung mit der sonst eintreten Folge ansteigender Wartezeiten von mehr als einer Sekunde bei den einzelnen Kontrollstationen vermieden.By locally comparing the recorded biometric Features with the stored biometric data can make the particularly time-consuming and data-consuming comparisons decentralized and therefore parallel for all control stations be performed. Especially for systems with a large one Number of control stations is thus initiated at the same time Control processes a jam in the data evaluation with the otherwise occur as a result of increasing waiting times of more than a second at the individual control stations avoided.

Außerdem gestattet die lokale Vornahme des Vergleichs auch eine von Kontrollstation zu Kontrollstation unterschiedliche Auswertung von biometrischen Merkmalen, eine unabhängige Modifizierung der Kontrollstationen und die Schaffung unterschiedlicher, den Erfordernissen individuell angepaßter Sicherheitsstufen.In addition, the local comparison also allows one different from control station to control station Evaluation of biometric features, an independent modification the control stations and creating different the requirements of individually adapted security levels.

Die gemeinsame Kontrolle von biometrischen Merkmalen und des richtigen Berechtigungscodes des Transponders hat gegenüber einem System, das ausschließlich biometrische Merkmale prüft noch folgende Vorteile. Es kann ohne Einbuße an Gesamtsicherheit bei der Prüfung der Übereinstimmung biometrischer Merkmale eine größere Toleranz zugelassen werden, als bei einer ausschließlich biometrischen Prüfung. Dadurch wird die Abweiserate berechtigter Personen aufgrund vermeintlich fehlender Übereinstimmungen der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit den gespeicherten biometrischen Daten sehr gering.The joint control of biometric features and the has the correct authorization code of the transponder a system that only checks biometric characteristics the following advantages. It can be done without sacrificing overall security when checking the conformity of biometric characteristics allow a greater tolerance than one exclusively biometric testing. This will reduce the rejection rate authorized persons due to allegedly missing Matches of the recorded biometric features with the stored biometric data very low.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung können die gespeicherten biometrischen Daten mit den zugehörigen Berechtigungscodes der Transponder verknüpft sein. Für den Vergleich der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit den gespeicherten biometrischen Daten werden dann nur die für den jeweiligen Berechtigungscode des Transponders gültigen biometrischen Daten selektiert.According to a further development, the stored biometric Data with the associated authorization codes of the transponders be linked. For the comparison of the recorded biometric Features with the stored biometric data then only those for the respective authorization code of the Selected transponders valid biometric data.

Dadurch verringert sich die Anzahl der nötigen Vergleiche der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit gespeicherten biometrischen Daten drastisch, da nicht der gesamte Datenbestand für den Vergleich herangezogen werden muß. Die Rechenzeit ist so erheblich geringer. Außerdem wird die Sicherheit gegen Fehlerkennungen erhöht, da die Wahrscheinlichkeit sinkt, daß Vergleiche mit ungültigen Daten fälschlich zu Übereinstimmungen führen. This reduces the number of comparisons required recorded biometric features with stored biometric Data drastically, since not all of the data for the comparison must be used. The computing time is like this significantly lower. It also provides security against false positives increases because the probability decreases that Incorrectly compare to invalid data for matches to lead.

Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, daß nach einem lokalen Vergleich der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit gespeicherten biometrischen Daten nur bei deren Übereinstimmung das den Berechtigungscode des Transponders enthaltende Datenwort oder der Berechtigungscode selber über das Netzwerk zur Code-Auswerteeinrichtung übermittelt wird oder daß stets das den Berechtigungscode des Transponders enthaltende Datenwort über das Netzwerk zur Code-Auswerteeinrichtung übermittelt wird und das Ergebnis des Vergleichs im Datenwort mit enthalten ist.Alternatively, it can be provided that after a local comparison of the recorded biometric features with saved biometric data only if they match the authorization code data word containing the transponder or the authorization code itself via the network to the code evaluation device is transmitted or that always the Authorization code of the data word containing the transponder the network is transmitted to the code evaluation device and contain the result of the comparison in the data word is.

Bei der ersten Alternative kann ein vorhandenes System, das bisher ausschließlich den Berechtigungscode des Transponders zur Code-Auswerteeinrichtung übermittelt hat, unverändert beibehalten werden. Die zweite Alternative erfordert zwar eine Modifikation, diese kann sich aber auf die Übermittlung und Auswertung der Information eines bereits lokal vorgenommenen Vergleichs an die Code-Auswerteeinrichtung beschränken. Im einfachsten Fall könnte dies ein Ja/Nein-Status im übermittelten Datenwort sein, der lediglich ein weiteres Bit beansprucht. Der zusätzlichen Belastung des Netzwerks bei Übertragung des Zustandes "keine Übereinstimmung biometrischer Merkmale mit gespeicherten biometrischen Daten" steht die Möglichkeit gegenüber, die Daten fehlgeschlagener Zugangsversuche zentral speichern zu können.In the first alternative, an existing system that previously only the authorization code of the transponder transmitted to the code evaluation unit, unchanged to be kept. The second alternative does require one Modification, but this can affect the transmission and evaluation of the information of an already made locally Limit comparison to the code evaluation device. In the simplest case, this could be a yes / no status in the transmitted Be a data word that only takes up another bit. The additional load on the network during transmission of the state "no biometric match Features with stored biometric data "is the Opportunity, the data of failed access attempts to be able to save centrally.

Es besteht weiter die Möglichkeit, alternativ den lokalen Vergleich innerhalb der Kontrollstation oder innerhalb einer den Transponder umfassenden mobilen Einheit vorzunehmen.There is also the option of alternatively the local one Comparison within the control station or within one to carry out the mobile unit comprising the transponder.

Zweckmäßig wird die Auswahl danach getroffen, wo ein zugehöriger Sensor zur Erfassung biometrischer Merkmale angeordnet sein kann. Dort können dann auch die für den Vergleich erforderlichen biometrischen Daten gespeichert sein.The selection is expediently made according to where an associated Sensor arranged for the detection of biometric features can be. There you can also find the ones required for the comparison biometric data.

Vorzugsweise ist wenigstens ein Sensor zur Erfassung biometrischer Merkmale innerhalb einer den Transponder umfassenden mobilen Einheit angeordnet. Hierbei kann es sich um einen Sensor zur Erfassung von Finger- oder Handabdrücken handeln, der bei der Handhabung der mobilen Einheit ohnehin berührt wird.At least one sensor for detecting biometric is preferably Features within a transponder mobile unit arranged. This can be a Act sensor for the detection of fingerprints or handprints, which touches when handling the mobile unit anyway becomes.

Hierdurch wird die Gefahr eingeschränkt, daß Sensoren an Kontrollstationen durch Vandalismus außer Funktion gesetzt werden. Bei der Erfassung von Finger- oder Handabdrücken wird zudem auch das hygienische Problem, das bei der Berührung der Sensoren durch unterschiedliche Personen entsteht, gelöst.This limits the risk of sensors at control stations vandalized. When capturing fingerprints or handprints also the hygienic problem when touching the Sensors created by different people, solved.

Wenn der Sensor für biometrische Merkmale, der Speicher für biometrische Daten und der Vergleicher gemeinsam in der mobilen Einheit angeordnet sind, kann der Transponder durch den Vergleicher auch so gesteuert sein, daß nur bei Übereinstimmung der vom Sensor ermittelten biometrischen Merkmale mit den gespeicherten biometrischen Daten der Berechtigungscode zum Lesegerät übertragen wird. Umgekehrt würde dann bei fehlender Übereinstimmung nichts übertragen.If the sensor for biometric characteristics, the memory for biometric data and the comparator together in the mobile The transponder can be arranged through the unit Comparators should also be controlled so that they only match of the biometric features determined by the sensor the authorization code in the stored biometric data is transferred to the reader. Conversely, would then be missing Transfer nothing.

Bei einem System mit unterschiedlichen Sicherheitsgraden kann das System abhängig vom Sicherheitsgrad der kontrollierten Zugänge sowohl Kontrollstationen für geringen Sicherheitsgrad aufweisen, die ausschließlich einzelne Lesegeräte für Transponder umfassen, als auch Kontrollstationen für hohen Sicherheitsgrad aufweisen, die sowohl Lesegeräte für Transponder als auch biometrische Erfassungsgeräte umfassen.In a system with different levels of security the system depends on the level of security of the controlled Accesses both control stations for low security level have only individual readers for transponders include, as well as control stations for high level of security have both readers for transponders as well as biometric capture devices.

Das erfindungsgemäße Zugangskontrollsystem kann somit dynamisch an gestiegene Sicherheitsanforderungen angepaßt werden. Dabei ist es bei den biometrischen Komponenten natürlich möglich, unterschiedliche biometrische Erkennungsverfahren anzuwenden, z.B. Fingerabdruckverfahren, Gesichtserkennungsverfahren Stimmerkennungsverfahren oder eine oder mehrere Kombinationen davon. Dadurch ist eine zusätzliche Hierarchie von Sicherheitsstufen möglich.The access control system according to the invention can thus be dynamic be adapted to increased security requirements. It is of course possible for the biometric components use different biometric recognition methods, e.g. Fingerprint process, face recognition process Voice recognition process or one or more combinations from that. This creates an additional hierarchy of Security levels possible.

In der Praxis ist es zweckmäßig, die biometrischen Merkmale zur Schaffung von Vergleichsdaten unter Aufsicht zu erfassen. Ist dann die Speicherung der biometrischen Daten in der Kontrollstation vorgesehen, so ist es dennoch zweckmäßig die biometrischen Daten auch zentral abzuspeichern und von dort einmalig oder von Zeit zu Zeit an die Kontrollstationen über das Netzwerk zu übermitteln. Dadurch stehen dann einheitliche Daten allen angeschlossenen Kontrollstationen zur Verfügung. Dies ist auch bei Erweiterungen oder Änderungen der Datenbank für diese biometrischen Daten zweckmäßig und vereinfacht den Verwaltungsaufwand bei der Systempflege.In practice it is useful to have the biometric features to create comparative data under supervision. Then is the storage of the biometric data in the control station provided, it is nevertheless expedient biometric data can also be saved centrally and from there to the control stations once or from time to time to transmit the network. This then results in uniform Data available to all connected control stations. This is also the case when the database is expanded or changed appropriate for this biometric data and simplifies the Administrative effort for system maintenance.

Nachfolgend wir die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung erläutert.The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing.

In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zugangskontrollsystems,
Fig. 2
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine mobile Einheit
The drawing shows:
Fig. 1
an embodiment of an access control system,
Fig. 2
an embodiment for a mobile unit

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Zugangskontrollsystems mit mehreren überwachten Türen 20. Jeder Tür 20 ist ein Statusgeber 22 für den Offen-Geschlossen-Zustand, ein Türöffner 24 und eine Kontrollstation 10, 12, 14 zugeordnet. Jede Kontrollstation 10, 12, 14 umfaßt ein Lesegerät 28 für einen Transponder 36, in dem ein Berechtigungscode gespeichert ist. Dieser Berechtigungscode kann berührungslos zum Lesegerät 28 übertragen werden. Zusätzlich umfaßt jede Kontrollstation 10, 12, 14 ein Erfassungsgerät für biometrische Merkmale, z. B. die Kontrollstation 10 ein Erfassungsgerät 30 mit einem Sensor für Fingerabdrücke, die Kontrollstation 12 ein Erfassungsgerät 32 mit einem Sensor für Gesichtsmerkmale und die Kontrollstation 14 ein Erfassungsgerät 34 mit einem Sensor für Stimmerkennung.Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an access control system with several monitored doors 20. Each door 20 is a Status generator 22 for the open-closed state, a door opener 24 and a control station 10, 12, 14 assigned. Each Control station 10, 12, 14 comprises a reader 28 for one Transponder 36 in which an authorization code is stored. This authorization code can be contacted to the reader 28 without contact be transmitted. In addition, each control station comprises 10 12, 14 a recording device for biometric features, for. B. the control station 10 a detection device 30 with a sensor for fingerprints, the control station 12 is a capture device 32 with a sensor for facial features and the Control station 14 a detection device 34 with a sensor for voice recognition.

Die Kontrollstationen 10, 12, 14 umfassen ferner Speicher für biometrische Daten und Vergleicher zum Vergleich der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit den gespeicherten biometrischen Daten. Die Kontrollstationen 10, 12, 14 sind über ein Netzwerk 26 mit übergeordneten Code-Auswerteeinrichtungen 16 und einem zentralen Rechner 18 verbunden.The control stations 10, 12, 14 also include memories for biometric data and comparators to compare the recorded data biometric features with the stored biometric Data. The control stations 10, 12, 14 are via a network 26 with higher-level code evaluation devices 16 and connected to a central computer 18.

Um biometrische Daten in den Kontrollstationen 10, 12, 14 zu speichern, die für einen Vergleich verwendet werden, bestehen mehrere Möglichkeiten. So ist es möglich, alle Kontrollstationen 10, 12, 14 für die eine Zugangsberechtigung erteilt werden soll, nacheinander aufzusuchen und die biometrischen Merkmale einmalig zu erfassen und als biometrische Daten abzuspeichern. Dazu wird mittels eines Mastertransponders 38 , der kurz in das Feld des Lesegerätes 28 verbracht wird, die zugehörige Kontrollstation 10, 12, 14 in einen Aufnahmezustand versetzt. Anschließend wird der Transponder 36 mit dem Berechtigungscode in das Feld desselben Lesegerätes 28 verbracht und zusätzlich werden die biometrischen Merkmale über den Sensor des der Kontrollstation 10, 12, 14 zugeordneten biometrischen Erfassungsgerätes 30, 32, 34 erfaßt.To get biometric data in the control stations 10, 12, 14 stores that are used for a comparison more options. So it is possible to all control stations 10, 12, 14 for which an access authorization is granted should be visited one after the other and the biometric Capture features once and save them as biometric data. For this purpose, a master transponder 38 who is briefly placed in the field of the reader 28, the associated control station 10, 12, 14 in a recording state transferred. Then the transponder 36 with the Authorization code placed in the field of the same reader 28 and in addition the biometric features are about the sensor of the control station 10, 12, 14 assigned biometric detection device 30, 32, 34 detected.

Im Speicher der Kontrollstation 10, 12, 14 werden daraufhin die biometrischen Merkmale als biometrische Daten und verknüpft damit der Berechtigungscode des Transponders 36 als Datensatz abgelegt. Dieser Vorgang wird anschließend an allen Kontrollstationen 10, 12, 14, bei denen Zugang erteilt werden soll, wiederholt.Thereupon, in the memory of the control station 10, 12, 14 the biometric features as biometric data and linked thus the authorization code of the transponder 36 as Data record filed. This process is then followed by everyone Control stations 10, 12, 14 where access is granted should, repeated.

Soll Zugang an einer Vielzahl von Kontrollstationen möglich sein, kann auch eine Erfassung der biometrischen Merkmale und des Berechtigungscodes des Transponders 36 an einem Erfassungsrechner 40 vorgenommen werden und der Datensatz aus biometrischen Daten und dem Berechtigungscode über ein Netzwerk an die ausgewählten Kontrollstationen 10, 12, 14 übermittelt werden. Dies kann ein gesondertes Netzwerk 42 sein, falls das vorhandene Netzwerk 26 zwischen den Kontrollstationen 10, 12, 14 und den Code-Auswerteeinrichtungen 16 und/oder dem zentralen Rechner 18 unverändert bleiben soll, oder aber das bereits vorhandene Netzwerk 26. In letzterem Fall können die Datensätze auch zum zentralen Rechner 18 übertragen werden, der dann veranlaßt, daß die Datensätze über das vorhandene Netzwerk 26 zu den ausgewählten Kontrollstationen 10, 12, 14 weitergeleitet werden.Access should be possible at a large number of control stations can also be a recording of the biometric features and the authorization code of the transponder 36 on a registration computer 40 are made and the data set from biometric Data and the authorization code over a network transmitted to the selected control stations 10, 12, 14 become. This can be a separate network 42 if that existing network 26 between the control stations 10, 12, 14 and the code evaluation devices 16 and / or the central one Computer 18 should remain unchanged, or already existing network 26. In the latter case, the Data records are also transmitted to the central computer 18, which then causes the records to be over the existing Network 26 to the selected control stations 10, 12, 14 to get redirected.

Bei der Zugangskontrolle hält die zugangbegehrende Person den mitgeführten Transponder 36 in das Feld des Lesegerätes 28 und ermöglicht außerdem die Erfassung biometrischer Daten, indem sie den entsprechenden Sensor des Erfassungsgerätes 30, 32, 34 bedient. Je nach Ausführung kann dies durch Hand- oder Fingerauflegen, Anschauen des Sensors oder Abgabe eine Stimmprobe erfolgen. Bei positivem Vergleich der biometrischen Merkmale mit den gespeicherten biometrischen Daten und zusätzlich passendem Berechtigungscode wird der Berechtigungscode an die Code-Auswerteeinrichtung 16 und/oder den zentralen Rechner 18 übermittelt. Dieser prüft den Berechtigungscode und aktiviert bei Zugangserlaubnis den Türöffner 24.The person requesting access holds the access control carried transponder 36 into the field of the reader 28 and also enables the collection of biometric data, by the corresponding sensor of the detection device 30, 32, 34 served. Depending on the version, this can be done by hand or Laying on fingers, looking at the sensor or giving a voice test respectively. With a positive comparison of the biometric Features with the stored biometric data and additional The appropriate authorization code becomes the authorization code to the code evaluation device 16 and / or the central computer 18 transmitted. This checks the authorization code and activates the door opener with access permission 24th

Bei der Prüfung der Übereinstimmung der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit gespeicherten biometrischen Daten wird der vom Transponder 36 zum Lesegerät 28 übertragene Berechtigungscode dazu verwendet, die zum Vergleich herangezogenen biometrischen Daten aus der gesamten Datenbank zu selektieren. Die gespeicherten biometrischen Daten sind nämlich mit zugehörigen Berechtigungscodes von Transpondern 36 verknüpft und es werden zum Vergleich nur solche biometrischen Daten herangezogen, die mit dem gleichen Berechtigungscode, wie ihn der Transponder 36 enthält, verknüpft sind. When checking the match of the recorded biometric Characteristics with stored biometric data is the Authorization code transmitted from transponder 36 to reader 28 used for comparison purposes select biometric data from the entire database. The stored biometric data are included associated authorization codes of transponders 36 linked and only such biometric data will be used for comparison who used the same authorization code as him the transponder 36 contains are linked.

Nur wenn eine ausreichende Übereinstimmung festgestellt wird, erfolgt eine Übermittlung des Berechtigungscodes über das Netzwerk 26 an die Code-Auswerteeinrichtung 16 oder den zentralen Rechner 18. Die einzelnen Kontrollstationen 12, 14, 16 verhalten sich dann trotz ihrer unterschiedlichen biometrischen Erfassungsgeräte 30, 32, 34 nach außen hin, nämlich bezogen auf die Code-Auswerteeinrichtung 16 identisch zu einer Kontrollstation mit ausschließlich einem Lesegerät für Transponder, also ohne jegliche biometrischen Erfassungsgeräte.Only if a sufficient match is found the authorization code is transmitted via the Network 26 to the code evaluation device 16 or the central Computer 18. The individual control stations 12, 14, 16 then behave despite their different biometric Detection devices 30, 32, 34 to the outside, namely related on the code evaluation device 16 identical to one Control station with only one reader for transponders, without any biometric recording devices.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine mobile Einheit. Diese umfaßt auf einer scheckkartenähnlichen Berechtigungskarte 44 neben einem Transponder 36 auch einen Speicher 46 für biometrische Daten, ein Erfassungsgerät 48 mit einem Sensor für biometrische Merkmale, z. B. eine Drucksensormatrix für Fingerabdrücke, sowie eine Steuerlogik 50. Die Steuerlogik 50 dient als Vergleicher für die vom Sensor beim Anfassen der Berechtigungskarte 44 erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit gespeicherten biometrischen Daten. Bei Übereinstimmung der biometrischen Merkmale mit den gespeicherten biometrischen Daten wird der Transponder 36 aktiviert und ein ebenfalls gespeicherter Berechtigungscode zum Lesegerät übertragen. Die Energieversorgung der elektronischen Bauelemente auf der Berechtigungskarte 44 erfolgt berührungslos über das Lesegerät, wenn die Berechtigungskarte 44 in das Feld des Lesegerätes gelangt.Fig. 2 shows an embodiment for a mobile unit. This includes an authorization card similar to a credit card 44 in addition to a transponder 36 also a memory 46 for biometric data, a recording device 48 with a sensor for biometric features, e.g. B. a pressure sensor matrix for fingerprints, as well as a control logic 50. The control logic 50 serves as a comparator for that of the sensor when touched the authorization card 44 with detected biometric features stored biometric data. If the biometric features with the stored biometric Data, the transponder 36 is activated and also a stored one Transfer the authorization code to the reader. The Power supply of the electronic components on the authorization card 44 takes place contactlessly via the reading device, if the authorization card 44 in the field of the reader reached.

Claims (10)

Zugangskontrollsystem, welches wenigstens einen von einer Person mitzuführenden mobilen Transponder (36) mit einem Berechtigungscode und wenigstens eine lokale Kontrollstation (10, 12, 14) mit einem Lesegerät (28) umfaßt, mit dem der Berechtigungscode des Transponders (36) bei Annäherung an das Lesegerät (28) berührungslos lesbar und über ein Netzwerk (26) einer übergeordneten und/oder zentralen Code-Auswerteeinrichtung (16; 18) übermittelbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich eine biometrische Erfassung von unveräußerlichen Merkmalen der den Transponder (36) mitführenden Person und ein Vergleich der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit gespeicherten biometrischen Daten lokal vornehmbar ist und daß abhängig vom Ergebnis des Vergleichs ein den Berechtigungscode des Transponders (36) enthaltendes Datenwort oder das Datenwort selbst über das Netzwerk (26) zur Code-Auswerteeinrichtung (16, 18) übermittelbar ist. Access control system which comprises at least one mobile transponder (36) to be carried by a person with an authorization code and at least one local control station (10, 12, 14) with a reading device (28) with which the authorization code of the transponder (36) when approaching the Reading device (28) can be read contactlessly and transmitted via a network (26) to a higher-level and / or central code evaluation device (16; 18), characterized in that in addition a biometric detection of inalienable features of the person carrying the transponder (36) and a comparison of the recorded biometric features with stored biometric data can be performed locally and that, depending on the result of the comparison, a data word containing the authorization code of the transponder (36) or the data word itself can be transmitted via the network (26) to the code evaluation device (16, 18) is. Zugangskontrollsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gespeicherten biometrischen Daten mit den zugehörigen Berechtigungscodes der Transponder (36) verknüpft sind und daß für den Vergleich der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit den gespeicherten biometrischen Daten nur die für den jeweiligen Berechtigungscode des Transponders (36) gültigen biometrischen Daten selektiert werden.Access control system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the stored biometric data are linked to the associated authorization codes of the transponders (36) and that only those which are valid for the respective authorization code of the transponder (36) are used to compare the recorded biometric features with the stored biometric data biometric data are selected. Zugangskontrollsystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach einem lokalen Vergleich der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit gespeicherten biometrischen Daten nur bei deren Übereinstimmung das den Berechtigungscode des Transponders (36) enthaltende Datenwort über das Netzwerk (26) zur Code-Auswerteeinrichtung (16, 18) übermittelt wird.Access control system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after a local comparison of the detected biometric features with stored biometric data, the data word containing the authorization code of the transponder (36) via the network (26) to the code evaluation device (16, 18) is transmitted. Zugangskontrollsystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach einem lokalen Vergleich der erfaßten biometrischen Merkmale mit gespeicherten biometrischen Daten stets das den Berechtigungscode des Transponders (36) enthaltende Datenwort oder der Berechtigungscode selber über das Netzwerk (26) zur Code-Auswerteeinrichtung (16, 18) übermittelt wird und das Ergebnis des Vergleichs im Datenwort mit enthalten ist. Access control system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that after a local comparison of the detected biometric features with stored biometric data, the data word containing the authorization code of the transponder (36) or the authorization code itself is always transmitted via the network (26) to the code evaluation device (16 , 18) is transmitted and the result of the comparison is included in the data word. Zugangskontrollsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der lokale Vergleich innerhalb der Kontrollstation (10, 12, 14) vorgenommen wird.Access control system according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the local comparison is carried out within the control station (10, 12, 14). Zugangskontrollsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der lokale Vergleich innerhalb einer den Transponder (36) umfassenden mobilen Einheit (44) vorgenommen wird.Access control system according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the local comparison is carried out within a mobile unit (44) comprising the transponder (36). Zugangskontrollsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens ein Sensor (48) zur Erfassung biometrischer Merkmale innerhalb einer den Transponder (36) umfassenden mobilen Einheit (44) angeordnet ist.Access control system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one sensor (48) for detecting biometric features is arranged within a mobile unit (44) comprising the transponder (36). Zugangskontrollsystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der innerhalb der mobilen Einheit (44) angeordnete Sensor (48) zur Erfassung von Finger- oder Handabdrücken ausgelegt ist.Access control system according to Claim 7, characterized in that the sensor (48) arranged within the mobile unit (44) is designed to detect fingerprints or handprints. Zugangskontrollsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Transponder (36) durch den Vergleicher (50) so gesteuert ist, daß nur bei Übereinstimmung der vom Sensor (48) ermittelten biometrischen Merkmale mit den gespeicherten biometrischen Daten der Berechtigungscode zum Lesegerät übertragen wird.Access control system according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the transponder (36) is controlled by the comparator (50) in such a way that the authorization code to the reading device is only if the biometric features determined by the sensor (48) match the stored biometric data is transmitted. Zugangskontrollsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das System abhängig vom Sicherheitsgrad der kontrollierten Zugänge sowohl Kontrollstationen für geringen Sicherheitsgrad aufweisen, die ausschließlich einzelne Lesegeräte für Transponder umfassen, als auch Kontrollstationen (10, 12, 14) für hohen Sicherheitsgrad aufweisen, die sowohl Lesegeräte (28) für Transponder (36) als auch biometrische Erfassungsgeräte (30, 32, 34) umfassen.Access control system according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, depending on the level of security of the controlled accesses, the system has both control stations for a low level of security, which only comprise individual readers for transponders, and control stations (10, 12, 14) for a high level of security which comprise both reading devices (28) for transponders (36) and biometric detection devices (30, 32, 34).
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