EP1030159A1 - Electro-pyrotechnical igniter with augmented ignition safety - Google Patents

Electro-pyrotechnical igniter with augmented ignition safety Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1030159A1
EP1030159A1 EP00400281A EP00400281A EP1030159A1 EP 1030159 A1 EP1030159 A1 EP 1030159A1 EP 00400281 A EP00400281 A EP 00400281A EP 00400281 A EP00400281 A EP 00400281A EP 1030159 A1 EP1030159 A1 EP 1030159A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
igniter
electrodes
support
constituted
flat
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Granted
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EP00400281A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1030159B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-René Duguet
Nicolas Martin
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Livbag SAS
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Livbag SAS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23QIGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q3/00Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06CDETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/12Bridge initiators
    • F42B3/124Bridge initiators characterised by the configuration or material of the bridge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electro-pyrotechnic igniters intended for safety automobile and in particular that of igniters intended for initiate seat belt tensioners or pyrotechnic gas generators for cushions protection.
  • the invention relates more particularly the igniters of which the heating system consists by a thin-film resistive bridge connected to two conductive metal sheets.
  • electro-pyrotechnic igniters intended for automotive safety are formed by an insulating body extended by a body metallic fragmentable and crossed by two electrodes.
  • the electrodes are connected to each other by a filament resistive heater surrounded by an explosive composition priming, for example a composition based on lead trinitroresorcinate.
  • an explosive composition priming for example a composition based on lead trinitroresorcinate.
  • Such igniters which are for example described in US patents 3,572,247; US 4,517,895; US 4,959,011; or US 5,099,762 have the disadvantage of being sensitive to vibrations of the motor vehicle level of the resistive filament welds on the electrodes. These welds when requested repeatedly by vehicle vibrations may break and render the igniter inoperative.
  • igniters in which the electrodes are in contact with two conductive metallic layers distinct areas on the surface of the insulating body which is inside the metal cap. These two tablecloths are connected together by a flat strip resistive of small width deposited on the surface of the insulating body. Conductive layers and strip resistive are covered by an explosive composition priming.
  • igniters which are for example described in US patents 5,544,585, or US 4,690,056, or US 5,732,634, are no longer sensitive to motor vehicle vibrations.
  • the current of "all fire” corresponds to the limit of the intensity of an electric current above which we are sure that all the igniters in a batch will work.
  • the currents of "all fire" requested by the motor vehicle manufacturers today are 800 mA or 1200 mA.
  • the “no fire” current corresponds to the limit of the intensity of an electric current below which we are sure that no igniter in a batch will work.
  • the “no fire” currents requested by motor vehicle manufacturers are today 200 mA or 250 mA.
  • lighters electropyrotechnics guaranteeing a fire-resistant current at least 400 mA with a current of any fire close to 1200 mA. If you find drill detonators that meet either of these conditions, such as those described, for example, in application W098 / 39615, there are currently no lighters electropyrotechnics which simultaneously satisfy the two conditions set out above and which are compatible with the operating times required by automotive safety.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to propose such a pyrotechnic igniter.
  • the primary explosive used to form the priming composition can be an explosive traditional like lead trinitroresorcinate, but, according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, it will advantageously consist of a alkaline salt of dinitrobenzofuroxane, and in particular by rubidium dinitrobenzofuroxan.
  • the binder will advantageously be acetochloride polyvinyl.
  • the metal compound constituting the element heating resistive plate is chosen from the group consisting of bismuth, tantalum nitride, alloys based on iron and copper, the alloys binary and ternary based on nickel, chromium and phosphorus.
  • the varistor will have a voltage of elbow between 5.5 and 17 volts for a current of peak greater than 100 amps (duration: 8 to 20 microseconds).
  • the igniters according to the invention thus make it possible, by an adapted dimensioning of their elements to reliably guarantee value of non-fire current greater than 500 mA and a value of any fire less than or equal to 1200 mA.
  • igniters which are very safe find a preferred application in pyrotechnic gas generators intended to activate safety devices for vehicle occupants automobile, such as airbags or belt tensioners.
  • Figure 1 shows , seen in axial section, an igniter according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents, seen from above, the insulating support of the printed circuit arranged inside the igniter represented in FIG. 1.
  • the electropyrotechnic igniter 1 shown in the Figure 1 is constructed from an igniter body 2.
  • This igniter body 2 has the shape of a cylinder of revolution with an upper planar face 3 and a lower flat face 4 and a side wall 5 with an external circular shoulder 6.
  • the body 2 is crossed over its entire height by two sheaths axial 7 and 8 in glass in which are arranged two conductive electrodes 9 and 10 each having a length greater than the height of the body 2.
  • the electrodes are arranged so as to protrude slightly the flat face 3 of the body 2 and to extend well below the flat face 4 of the body 2.
  • the igniter body 2 is capped by a cap fragmentable 11 cylindrical resting on the shoulder 6.
  • the fragmentable cap 11 is preferably an aluminum cap.
  • This cap 11 contains a pyrotechnic ignition charge 12 and is kept integral with body 2 by overmolding insulator 13, for example an overmolding in epoxy resin.
  • the ignition charge 12 is advantageously constituted with a powder based on boron and potassium nitrate and can be wedged by a hollow cylindrical skirt 14 disposed inside the cap 11.
  • This skirt 14 can be a metallic skirt or a material skirt plastic.
  • Overmolding 13 leaves the ends free electrodes 9 and 10 so that these can be linked to a source of Electric power.
  • insulating support 15 for printed circuit also crossed by electrodes 9 and 10.
  • This insulating support 15 has the form of a discoid plate and will preferably be made of a material which is not very conductive electricity but fairly conductive of heat like alumina or silicon.
  • the upper face 16 of the insulating support 15 is covered by two metal sheets 17 and 18 distinct and not contiguous, each tablecloth being crossed by one of the two electrodes 9 or 10, welded on the upper surface of said sheet.
  • the plies 17 and 18 are generally in the form of segment of circle, they consist of copper generally having a thickness close to 35 micrometers.
  • Tablecloths 17 and 18 are interconnected by a heating resistive flat element 19 which is deposited on the said insulating support 15.
  • this flat element has a thickness less than or equal to 1 micrometer, often close to 0.5 micrometer and is constituted by a metallic compound whose volume resistivity is between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 ohms. meters.
  • This metallic compound is preferably chosen from the group consisting of bismuth, tantalum nitride, alloys based on iron and copper, binary or ternary alloys based on nickel, chromium and phosphorus. It has been observed that tantalum nitride is particularly suitable.
  • the said flat element 19 and the said plies conductors 17 and 18 are covered by a initiating pyrotechnic composition 20 consisting of a lacquer produced from a polyvinyl binder and of a primary explosive.
  • this explosive primary will consist of an alkaline salt of rubidium dinitrobenzofuroxan.
  • a binder advantageously use polyvinyl acetochloride.
  • Priming composition 20 can be protected from direct contact with the ignition charge 12 by a combustible film 21, for example nitrofilm.
  • a varistor 22 consisting by an assembly of thin layers, for example thin layers of zinc oxide, is reported on conductive layers 17 and 18 to protect the igniter 1 against high voltage electrostatic discharges.
  • This varistor 22 which is put in place before the deposition of the priming composition 20, will present advantageously an elbow tension of between 5.5 and 17 volts for a peak current greater than 100 amps (duration 8-20 microseconds).
  • the invention thus makes it possible to manufacture pyrotechnic igniters with a value of superior fire current 500 mA and a value of any fire current less than 1200 mA.
  • Example Batches of igniters were manufactured in accordance with that just described and which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. These igniters had the following characteristics and gave the following results. Lot no. Non-fire current (+ 105 ° C) Reliability 99.9999% All-fire current (-40 ° C) Reliability 99.9999% Operating time (milliseconds) 1 529 mA 1101 mA 0.629 2 559 mA 1046 mA 0.678 3 560 mA 1071 mA 0.714
  • igniters support without any degradation 4000 electrostatic discharges from a capacitor 150 picofarads loaded under 25 kilovolts with a 150 ohm series resistance.

Abstract

The igniter consists of a metal housing (11) with an over-molded cover (13), containing a partition (2) with two electrode pins (9,10) passing through glass cylinders (7,8). The electrode pins are connected by a flat heating resistance (19) with two metal layers (17,18) covered by a pyrotechnic priming compound (20). The flat heating element is no more than 0.001 mm thick and consists of a metal compound with a volume resistivity of between 0.5 and 2 x 106 Ohm-m, such as bismuth, tantalum nitride, or iron and copper, nickel chrome and phosphorous alloys. The pyrotechnic priming compound is in the form of a paint made from a polyvinyl binding agent and a primary explosive.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des allumeurs électro-pyrotechniques destinés à la sécurité automobile et notamment à celui des allumeurs destinés à initier des rétracteurs de ceintures de sécurité ou des générateurs pyrotechniques de gaz pour coussins de protection. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement les allumeurs dont le système chauffant est constitué par un pont résistif en couche mince connecté à deux nappes de métal conducteur.The present invention relates to the field of electro-pyrotechnic igniters intended for safety automobile and in particular that of igniters intended for initiate seat belt tensioners or pyrotechnic gas generators for cushions protection. The invention relates more particularly the igniters of which the heating system consists by a thin-film resistive bridge connected to two conductive metal sheets.

Traditionnellement les allumeurs électro-pyrotechniques destinés à la sécurité automobile sont constitués par un corps isolant prolongé par un corps métallique fragmentable et traversé par deux électrodes. Les électrodes sont reliées entre elles par un filament résistif chauffant entouré par une composition explosive d'amorçage, par exemple une composition à base de trinitrorésorcinate de plomb. De tels allumeurs qui sont par exemples décrits dans les brevets américains US 3,572,247 ; US 4,517,895 ; US 4,959,011 ; ou US 5,099,762 présentent cependant l'inconvénient d'être sensibles aux vibrations du véhicule automobile au niveau des soudures du filament résistif sur les électrodes. Ces soudures lorsqu'elles sont sollicitées de manière répétitive par les vibrations du véhicule peuvent casser et rendre l'allumeur inopérant.Traditionally electro-pyrotechnic igniters intended for automotive safety are formed by an insulating body extended by a body metallic fragmentable and crossed by two electrodes. The electrodes are connected to each other by a filament resistive heater surrounded by an explosive composition priming, for example a composition based on lead trinitroresorcinate. Such igniters which are for example described in US patents 3,572,247; US 4,517,895; US 4,959,011; or US 5,099,762 have the disadvantage of being sensitive to vibrations of the motor vehicle level of the resistive filament welds on the electrodes. These welds when requested repeatedly by vehicle vibrations may break and render the igniter inoperative.

Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, on a alors développé des allumeurs dans lesquels les électrodes sont au contact de deux nappes métalliques conductrices distinctes étendues sur la surface du corps isolant qui est à l'intérieur du capuchon métallique. Ces deux nappes sont reliées entre elles par une bande plate résistive de faible largeur déposée sur la surface du corps isolant. Les nappes conductrices et la bande résistive sont recouvertes par une composition explosive d'amorçage. De tels allumeurs, qui sont par exemple décrits dans les brevets US 5,544,585, ou US 4,690,056, ou encore US 5,732,634, ne sont plus sensibles aux vibrations du véhicule automobile.To remedy this drawback, we then have developed igniters in which the electrodes are in contact with two conductive metallic layers distinct areas on the surface of the insulating body which is inside the metal cap. These two tablecloths are connected together by a flat strip resistive of small width deposited on the surface of the insulating body. Conductive layers and strip resistive are covered by an explosive composition priming. Such igniters, which are for example described in US patents 5,544,585, or US 4,690,056, or US 5,732,634, are no longer sensitive to motor vehicle vibrations.

Par ailleurs on caractérise les allumeurs électro-pyrotechniques par deux valeurs : le courant de « tout feu » et le courant de « non feu ».In addition, we characterize electro-pyrotechnic igniters by two values: the current of "everything fire "and the current of" no fire ".

Le courant de « tout feu » correspond à la limite de l'intensité d'un courant électrique au dessus de laquelle on est sûr que tous les allumeurs d'un lot fonctionneront.The current of "all fire" corresponds to the limit of the intensity of an electric current above which we are sure that all the igniters in a batch will work.

Les courants de « tout feu » demandés par les constructeurs de véhicule automobile sont aujourd'hui de 800 mA ou de 1200 mA.The currents of "all fire" requested by the motor vehicle manufacturers today are 800 mA or 1200 mA.

Le courant de « non feu » correspond à la limite de l'intensité d'un courant électrique en dessous de laquelle on est sûr qu'aucun allumeur d'un lot ne fonctionnera. Les courants de « non feu » demandés par les constructeurs de véhicule automobile sont aujourd'hui de 200 mA ou de 250 mA.The "no fire" current corresponds to the limit of the intensity of an electric current below which we are sure that no igniter in a batch will work. The “no fire” currents requested by motor vehicle manufacturers are today 200 mA or 250 mA.

Cependant les constructeurs de véhicule automobile souhaitent de plus en plus pouvoir disposer d'allumeurs électropyrotechniques garantissant un courant de non feu d'au moins 400 mA avec un courant de tout feu voisin de 1200 mA. Si l'on trouve des détonateurs de forage qui satisfont à l'une ou l'autre de ces conditions, comme ceux décrits, par exemple, dans la demande W098/39615, on ne trouve pas, à l'heure actuelle, des allumeurs électropyrotechniques qui satisfassent simultanément aux deux conditions énoncées plus haut et qui soient compatibles avec les délais de fonctionnement exigés par la sécurité automobile.However the vehicle manufacturers increasingly wish to have lighters electropyrotechnics guaranteeing a fire-resistant current at least 400 mA with a current of any fire close to 1200 mA. If you find drill detonators that meet either of these conditions, such as those described, for example, in application W098 / 39615, there are currently no lighters electropyrotechnics which simultaneously satisfy the two conditions set out above and which are compatible with the operating times required by automotive safety.

L'objet de la présente invention est précisément de proposer un tel allumeur pyrotechnique.The object of the present invention is precisely to propose such a pyrotechnic igniter.

L'invention concerne donc un allumeur électropyrotechnique comportant, à l'intérieur d'un conteneur métallique fermé et maintenu par un surmoulage, une tête d'initiation constituée par une paroi étanche possédant une face supérieure et constituée par un corps massif dont la partie axiale est composée d'un cylindre de verre traversé par deux électrodes en forme de broches, l'une des deux électrodes étant reliée électriquement au corps massif directement par soudure ou par l'intermédiaire d'un contact métallique, les dites électrodes ayant une extrémité dépassant la dite face supérieure de la paroi étanche, ce dépassement permettant de les connecter électriquement à un circuit imprimé plat porté par un support, le dit support étant lui-même traversé par les dites électrodes, le dit allumeur comprenant également un élément plat résistif chauffant déposé sur le dit support isolant, cet élément plat étant relié aux dites électrodes par l'intermédiaire de deux nappes métalliques conductrice distinctes étendues sur le dit support, chaque nappe étant au contact de l'une des deux électrodes, le dit élément plat et les dites nappes métalliques étant recouvertes par une composition pyrotechnique d'amorçage, caractérisé en ce que :

  • i) le dit élément plat a une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 0,001 mm et est constitué par un composé métallique dont la résistivité volumique est comprise entre 0,5.106Ωm et 2.106Ωm
  • ii) la dite composition pyrotechnique d'amorçage est constituée par une laque réalisée à partir d'un liant polyvinylique et par un explosif primaire,
  • iii) une varistance constituée par un assemblage de couches minces est rapportée sur les dites nappes métalliques conductrices.
  • The invention therefore relates to an electro-pyrotechnic igniter comprising, inside a closed metal container and maintained by overmolding, an initiation head constituted by a sealed wall having an upper face and constituted by a solid body, the axial part of which consists of a glass cylinder crossed by two pin-shaped electrodes, one of the two electrodes being electrically connected to the solid body directly by soldering or by means of a metal contact, the said electrodes having one end protruding the said upper face of the sealed wall, this projection making it possible to connect them electrically to a flat printed circuit carried by a support, the said support itself being traversed by the said electrodes, the said igniter also comprising a flat resistive heating element deposited on said insulating support, this flat element being connected to said electrodes by the intermedi diary of two stretches separate conductive metal layers on said support, each sheet being in contact with one of the two electrodes, said flat element and the said metal areas being covered by a pyrotechnic priming composition, characterized in that:
  • i ) the said flat element has a thickness less than or equal to 0.001 mm and is constituted by a metallic compound whose volume resistivity is between 0.5.10 6 Ωm and 2.10 6 Ωm
  • ii ) said initiating pyrotechnic composition consists of a lacquer produced from a polyvinyl binder and a primary explosive,
  • iii ) a varistor formed by an assembly of thin layers is added to said conductive metallic layers.
  • L'invention concerne plus particulièrement un allumeur électropyrotechnique tel que défini plus haut et comprenant un corps d'allumeur cylindrique présentant deux faces planes et étant traversé par deux électrodes pouvant être reliées à une source de courant électrique, le dit corps d'allumeur étant coiffé par un capuchon fragmentable contenant une charge d'allumage, le dit capuchon et le dit corps d'allumeur étant maintenus solidaires par un surmoulage, la face plane du corps d'allumeur se trouvant à l'intérieur du dit capuchon étant recouverte par un support isolant de circuit imprimé, le dit support étant lui-même traversé par les dites électrodes, le dit allumeur comprenant également un élément plat résistif chauffant déposé sur le dit support isolant, cet élément plat étant relié aux dites électrodes par l'intermédiaire de deux nappes métalliques conductrice distinctes étendues sur le dit support, chaque nappe étant au contact de l'une des deux électrodes, le dit élément plat et les dites nappes métalliques étant recouvertes par une composition pyrotechnique d'amorçage, caractérisé en ce que:

  • i) le dit élément plat a une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 0,001 mm et est constitué par un composé métallique dont la résistivité volumique est comprise entre 0,5.106Ωm et 2.106Ωm
  • ii) la dite composition pyrotechnique d'amorçage est constituée par une laque réalisée à partir d'un liant polyvinylique et par un explosif primaire,
  • iii) une varistance constituée par un assemblage de couches minces est rapportée sur les dites nappes métalliques conductrices.
  • The invention relates more particularly to an electropyrotechnic igniter as defined above and comprising a cylindrical igniter body having two flat faces and being traversed by two electrodes which can be connected to a source of electric current, said igniter body being capped by a fragmentable cap containing an ignition charge, the said cap and the said igniter body being held integral by an overmolding, the flat face of the igniter body being inside the said cap being covered by a support printed circuit insulator, said support itself being traversed by said electrodes, said igniter also comprising a resistive flat heating element deposited on said insulating support, this flat element being connected to said electrodes by means of two layers separate conductive metals extended on said support, each sheet being in contact with one of the two electrodes, the said flat element and the said metallic plies being covered by a pyrotechnic initiation composition, characterized in that:
  • i) the said flat element has a thickness less than or equal to 0.001 mm and is constituted by a metallic compound whose volume resistivity is between 0.5.10 6 Ωm and 2.10 6 Ωm
  • ii ) said initiating pyrotechnic composition consists of a lacquer produced from a polyvinyl binder and a primary explosive,
  • iii ) a varistor formed by an assembly of thin layers is added to said conductive metallic layers.
  • Par rapport aux allumeurs fonctionnant avec un pont en couche mince, l'allumeur selon l'invention présente trois caractéristiques originales :

    • le pont résistif en couche mince présente une résistivité volumique très élevée,
    • la composition d'amorçage fait appel à un explosif primaire à l'exclusion de tout mélange oxydo-réducteur comme cela est fréquemment le cas,
    • la varistance est déposée sur les nappes métalliques conductrices à l'intérieur de la tête d'allumage et n'est pas disposée à l'intérieur du corps d'allumeur, comme décrit par exemple dans les brevets EP 0 802 092 et US 5 616 841.
    Compared with igniters operating with a thin layer bridge, the igniter according to the invention has three original characteristics:
    • the thin layer resistive bridge has a very high volume resistivity,
    • the priming composition uses a primary explosive to the exclusion of any redox mixture as is frequently the case,
    • the varistor is deposited on the conductive metallic layers inside the ignition head and is not disposed inside the igniter body, as described for example in patents EP 0 802 092 and US 5 616 841.

    L'explosif primaire utilisé pour constituer la composition d'amorçage peut être un explosif traditionnel comme le trinitrorésorcinate de plomb, mais, selon un premier mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, il sera avantageusement constitué par un sel alcalin du dinitrobenzofuroxanne, et notamment par du dinitrobenzofuroxanne de rubidium. Dans ce cas le liant sera avantageusement de l'acétochlorure de polyvinyle.The primary explosive used to form the priming composition can be an explosive traditional like lead trinitroresorcinate, but, according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, it will advantageously consist of a alkaline salt of dinitrobenzofuroxane, and in particular by rubidium dinitrobenzofuroxan. In this case the binder will advantageously be acetochloride polyvinyl.

    Selon un second mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention le composé métallique constituant l'élément plat résistif chauffant est choisi dans le groupe constitué par le bismuth, le nitrure de tantale, les alliages à base de fer et de cuivre, les alliages binaires et ternaires à base de nickel, de chrome et de phosphore.According to a second preferred embodiment of the invention the metal compound constituting the element heating resistive plate is chosen from the group consisting of bismuth, tantalum nitride, alloys based on iron and copper, the alloys binary and ternary based on nickel, chromium and phosphorus.

    Avantageusement la varistance aura une tension de coude comprise entre 5,5 et 17 volts pour un courant de crête supérieur à 100 ampères (durée: 8 à 20 microsecondes).Advantageously, the varistor will have a voltage of elbow between 5.5 and 17 volts for a current of peak greater than 100 amps (duration: 8 to 20 microseconds).

    Les allumeurs selon l'invention permettent ainsi, par un dimensionnement adapté de leurs éléments constitutifs, de garantir, de manière fiable, une valeur de courant de non feu supérieures à 500 mA et une valeur de courant de tout feu inférieure ou égale à 1200 mA.The igniters according to the invention thus make it possible, by an adapted dimensioning of their elements to reliably guarantee value of non-fire current greater than 500 mA and a value of any fire less than or equal to 1200 mA.

    Ces allumeurs qui présentent une grande sécurité d'allumage trouvent une application préférée dans les générateurs pyrotechniques de gaz destinés à activer des dispositifs de sécurité pour les occupants d'un véhicule automobile, comme des coussins gonflables ou des rétracteurs de ceinture.These igniters which are very safe find a preferred application in pyrotechnic gas generators intended to activate safety devices for vehicle occupants automobile, such as airbags or belt tensioners.

    On donne ci-après une description détaillée d'une réalisation préférée de l'invention en se référant figures 1 et 2. A detailed description is given below of preferred embodiment of the invention with reference Figures 1 and 2.

    La figure 1 représente, vu en coupe axiale, un allumeur selon l'invention.Figure 1 shows , seen in axial section, an igniter according to the invention.

    La figure 2 représente, vu de dessus, le support isolant de circuit imprimé disposé à l'intérieur de l'allumeur représenté à la figure 1.FIG. 2 represents, seen from above, the insulating support of the printed circuit arranged inside the igniter represented in FIG. 1.

    L'allumeur électropyrotechnique 1 représenté à la figure 1 est construit à partir d'un corps d'allumeur 2. Ce corps d'allumeur 2 a la forme d'un cylindre de révolution présentant une face plane supérieure 3 et une face plane inférieure 4 ainsi qu'une paroi latérale 5 présentant un épaulement circulaire externe 6. Le corps 2 est traversé sur toute sa hauteur par deux gaines axiales 7 et 8 en verre dans lesquelles sont disposées deux électrodes conductrices 9 et 10 ayant chacune une longueur supérieure à la hauteur du corps 2. Les électrodes sont disposées de manière à dépasser légèrement la face plane 3 du corps 2 et à se prolonger bien en dessous de la face plane 4 du corps 2.The electropyrotechnic igniter 1 shown in the Figure 1 is constructed from an igniter body 2. This igniter body 2 has the shape of a cylinder of revolution with an upper planar face 3 and a lower flat face 4 and a side wall 5 with an external circular shoulder 6. The body 2 is crossed over its entire height by two sheaths axial 7 and 8 in glass in which are arranged two conductive electrodes 9 and 10 each having a length greater than the height of the body 2. The electrodes are arranged so as to protrude slightly the flat face 3 of the body 2 and to extend well below the flat face 4 of the body 2.

    Le corps d'allumeur 2 est coiffé par un capuchon fragmentable 11 cylindrique prenant appui sur l'épaulement 6. Le capuchon fragmentable 11 est préférentiellement un capuchon en aluminium. Ce capuchon 11 contient une charge pyrotechnique d'allumage 12 et est maintenu solidaire du corps 2 par un surmoulage isolant 13, par exemple un surmoulage en résine époxy. La charge d'allumage 12 est avantageusement constitué par une poudre à base de bore et de nitrate de potassium et peut être calée par une jupe cylindrique creuse 14 disposée à l'intérieur du capuchon 11. Cette jupe 14 peut être une jupe métallique ou une jupe en matière plastique. Le surmoulage 13 laisse libres les extrémités inférieures des électrodes 9 et 10 de manière à ce que ces dernières puissent être reliées à une source de courant électrique.The igniter body 2 is capped by a cap fragmentable 11 cylindrical resting on the shoulder 6. The fragmentable cap 11 is preferably an aluminum cap. This cap 11 contains a pyrotechnic ignition charge 12 and is kept integral with body 2 by overmolding insulator 13, for example an overmolding in epoxy resin. The ignition charge 12 is advantageously constituted with a powder based on boron and potassium nitrate and can be wedged by a hollow cylindrical skirt 14 disposed inside the cap 11. This skirt 14 can be a metallic skirt or a material skirt plastic. Overmolding 13 leaves the ends free electrodes 9 and 10 so that these can be linked to a source of Electric power.

    La face plane 3 du corps d'allumeur 2 qui se trouve à l'intérieur du capuchon 11 est recouverte par un support isolant 15 de circuit imprimé également traversé par les électrodes 9 et 10. Ce support isolant 15 a la forme d'une plaque discoïde et sera de préférence constitué par un matériau peu conducteur de l'électricité mais assez conducteur de la chaleur comme l'alumine ou le silicium.The flat face 3 of the igniter body 2 which is located inside the cap 11 is covered by a insulating support 15 for printed circuit also crossed by electrodes 9 and 10. This insulating support 15 has the form of a discoid plate and will preferably be made of a material which is not very conductive electricity but fairly conductive of heat like alumina or silicon.

    C'est sur ce support isolant 15 qu'est disposé le dispositif d'initiation qui constitue le coeur de l'invention et qui est décrit maintenant en se référant plus particulièrement à la figure 2.It is on this insulating support 15 that the initiation device which constitutes the heart of the invention and which is described now with reference more particularly in Figure 2.

    La face supérieure 16 du support isolant 15 est recouverte par deux nappes métalliques 17 et 18 distinctes et non jointives, chaque nappe étant traversée par l'une des deux électrodes 9 ou 10, soudée sur la surface supérieure de la dite nappe.The upper face 16 of the insulating support 15 is covered by two metal sheets 17 and 18 distinct and not contiguous, each tablecloth being crossed by one of the two electrodes 9 or 10, welded on the upper surface of said sheet.

    Les nappes 17 et 18 sont en forme générale de segment de cercle, elles sont constituées par du cuivre présentant en général une épaisseur voisine de 35 micromètres.The plies 17 and 18 are generally in the form of segment of circle, they consist of copper generally having a thickness close to 35 micrometers.

    Les nappes 17 et 18 sont reliées entre elles par un élément plat 19 résistif chauffant qui est déposé sur le dit support isolant 15.Tablecloths 17 and 18 are interconnected by a heating resistive flat element 19 which is deposited on the said insulating support 15.

    Selon une première caractéristique essentielle de l'invention cet élément plat a une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 1 micromètre, souvent voisine de 0,5 micromètre et est constitué par un composé métallique dont la résistivité volumique est comprise entre 0,5.106 et 2.106 ohms.mètres. Ce composé métallique est préférentiellement choisi dans le groupe constitué par le bismuth, le nitrure de tantale, les alliages à base de fer et de cuivre, les alliages binaires ou ternaires à base de nickel, de chrome et de phosphore. Il a été observé que le nitrure de tantale convient particulièrement bien.According to a first essential characteristic of the invention, this flat element has a thickness less than or equal to 1 micrometer, often close to 0.5 micrometer and is constituted by a metallic compound whose volume resistivity is between 0.5.10 6 and 2.10 6 ohms. meters. This metallic compound is preferably chosen from the group consisting of bismuth, tantalum nitride, alloys based on iron and copper, binary or ternary alloys based on nickel, chromium and phosphorus. It has been observed that tantalum nitride is particularly suitable.

    Selon une seconde caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, le dit élément plat 19 et les dites nappes conductrices 17 et 18 sont recouvertes par une composition pyrotechnique d'amorçage 20 constituée par une laque réalisée à partir d'un liant polyvinylique et d'un explosif primaire. Préférentiellement cet explosif primaire sera constitué par un sel alcalin du dinitrobenzofuroxanne de rubidium. Comme liant on utilisera avantageusement l'acétochlorure de polyvinyle. La composition d'amorçage 20 peut être protégée du contact direct avec la charge d'allumage 12 par une pellicule 21 combustible, par exemple une pellicule en nitrofilm.According to a second essential characteristic of the invention, the said flat element 19 and the said plies conductors 17 and 18 are covered by a initiating pyrotechnic composition 20 consisting of a lacquer produced from a polyvinyl binder and of a primary explosive. Preferably this explosive primary will consist of an alkaline salt of rubidium dinitrobenzofuroxan. As a binder advantageously use polyvinyl acetochloride. Priming composition 20 can be protected from direct contact with the ignition charge 12 by a combustible film 21, for example nitrofilm.

    Enfin, selon une troisième caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, une varistance 22 constituée par un assemblage de couches minces, par exemple des couches minces en oxyde de zinc, est rapportée sur les nappes conductrices 17 et 18 pour protéger l'allumeur 1 contre les décharges électrostatiques de haute tension. Cette varistance 22 qui est mise en place avant le dépôt de la composition d'amorçage 20, présentera avantageusement une tension de coude comprise entre 5,5 et 17 volts pour un courant de crête supérieur à 100 ampères (durée 8-20 microsecondes). Finally, according to a third characteristic essential of the invention, a varistor 22 consisting by an assembly of thin layers, for example thin layers of zinc oxide, is reported on conductive layers 17 and 18 to protect the igniter 1 against high voltage electrostatic discharges. This varistor 22 which is put in place before the deposition of the priming composition 20, will present advantageously an elbow tension of between 5.5 and 17 volts for a peak current greater than 100 amps (duration 8-20 microseconds).

    Par un dimensionnement correct des éléments constitutifs, l'invention permet ainsi de fabriquer des allumeurs pyrotechniques présentant une valeur de courant de non feu supérieur 500 mA et une valeur de courant de tout feu inférieure à 1200 mA.By correct dimensioning of the elements constitutive, the invention thus makes it possible to manufacture pyrotechnic igniters with a value of superior fire current 500 mA and a value of any fire current less than 1200 mA.

    Exemple : On a fabriqué des lots d'allumeurs conformes à celui qui vient d'être décrit et qui est représenté aux figures 1 et 2. Ces allumeurs présentaient les caractéristiques suivantes et ont donné les résultats suivants. Lot n° Courant de Non-feu (+105°C) Fiabilité 99,9999% Courant de Tout-feu (-40°C) Fiabilité 99,9999% Délai de fonctionnement (millisecondes) 1 529 mA 1101 mA 0,629 2 559 mA 1046 mA 0,678 3 560 mA 1071 mA 0,714 Example : Batches of igniters were manufactured in accordance with that just described and which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. These igniters had the following characteristics and gave the following results. Lot no. Non-fire current (+ 105 ° C) Reliability 99.9999% All-fire current (-40 ° C) Reliability 99.9999% Operating time (milliseconds) 1 529 mA 1101 mA 0.629 2 559 mA 1046 mA 0.678 3 560 mA 1071 mA 0.714

    Ces allumeurs supportent sans aucune dégradation 4000 décharges électrostatiques issues d'un condensateur de 150 picofarads chargé sous 25 kilovolts avec une résistance en série de 150 ohms.These igniters support without any degradation 4000 electrostatic discharges from a capacitor 150 picofarads loaded under 25 kilovolts with a 150 ohm series resistance.

    De plus ils supportent des chocs mécaniques de plus de 2000g et des chocs thermiques extrêmes allant de -65°C à + 125°C.In addition they support more mechanical shocks 2000g and extreme thermal shock ranging from -65 ° C to + 125 ° C.

    Claims (10)

    Allumeur électropyrotechnique (1) comportant, à l'intérieur d'un conteneur métallique (11) fermé et maintenu par un surmoulage (13), une tête d'initiation constituée par une paroi étanche (2) possédant une face supérieure (3) et constituée par un corps massif (5) dont la partie axiale est composée d'un cylindre de verre (7) traversé par deux électrodes (9,10) en forme de broches, l'une des dites électrodes étant reliée électriquement au corps massif (5), les dites électrodes (9,10) ayant une extrémité dépassant la face supérieure (3) de la dite paroi étanche (2), ce dépassement permettant de les connecter électriquement à un circuit imprimé plat porté par un support (15), , le dit support (15) étant lui-même traversé par les dites électrodes, le dit allumeur (1) comprenant également un élément plat (19) résistif chauffant déposé sur le dit support isolant (15) et relié aux dites électrodes (9,10) par l'intermédiaire de deux nappes métalliques (17,18) conductrices distinctes étendues sur le dit support, chaque nappe étant au contact de l'une des deux électrodes, le dit élément plat (19) et les dites nappes métalliques (17,18) étant recouverts par une composition pyrotechnique d'amorçage (20), caractérisé en ce que : i) le dit élément plat à une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 0,001mm et est constitué par un composé métallique dont la résistivité volumique est comprise entre 0,5.106Ωm et de 2.106Ωm, ii) la dite composition pyrotechnique d'amorçage est constituée par une laque réalisé à partir d'un liant polyvinylique et par un explosif primaire, iii) une varistance (22) constituée par un assemblage de couches minces est rapportée sur les dites nappes. Electro-pyrotechnic igniter (1) comprising, inside a metal container (11) closed and maintained by an overmolding (13), an initiation head constituted by a sealed wall (2) having an upper face (3) and constituted by a solid body (5) whose axial part is composed of a glass cylinder (7) crossed by two electrodes (9,10) in the form of pins, one of said electrodes being electrically connected to the solid body ( 5), the said electrodes (9, 10) having one end protruding from the upper face (3) of the said sealed wall (2), this protrusion making it possible to connect them electrically to a flat printed circuit carried by a support (15), , said support (15) being itself traversed by said electrodes, said igniter (1) also comprising a flat resistive heating element (19) deposited on said insulating support (15) and connected to said electrodes (9, 10) by means of two metallic sheets (17,18) separate conductors extended on said support, each sheet being in contact with one of the two electrodes, said flat element (19) and said metal sheets (17,18) being covered by a pyrotechnic composition d priming (20), characterized in that: i ) the said flat element with a thickness less than or equal to 0.001mm and is constituted by a metallic compound whose volume resistivity is between 0.5.10 6 Ωm and 2.10 6 Ωm, ii ) said initiating pyrotechnic composition consists of a lacquer produced from a polyvinyl binder and a primary explosive, iii) a varistor (22) consisting of an assembly of thin layers is added to said layers. Allumeur électropyrotechnique (1) selon la revendication 1 comprenant un corps d'allumeur (2) cylindrique présentant deux faces planes (3,4) et étant traversé par deux électrodes (9,10) pouvant être reliées à une source de courant électrique, le dit corps d'allumeur étant coiffé par un capuchon (11) fragmentable contenant une charge d'allumage (12), ledit capuchon et le dit corps d'allumeur étant maintenus solidaires par un surmoulage (13), la face plane (3) du corps d'allumeur (2) se trouvant à l'intérieur du dit capuchon étant recouverte par un support isolant (15) de circuit imprimé, le dit support (15) étant lui-même traversé par les dites électrodes, le dit allumeur (1) comprenant également un élément plat (19) résistif chauffant déposé sur le dit support isolant (15) et relié aux dites électrodes (9,10) par l'intermédiaire de deux nappes métalliques (17,18) conductrices distinctes étendues sur le dit support, chaque nappe étant au contact de l'une des deux électrodes, le dit élément plat (19) et les dites nappes métalliques (17,18) étant recouverts par une composition pyrotechnique d'amorçage (20), caractérisé en ce que : i) le dit élément plat à une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 0,001mm et est constitué par un composé métallique dont la résistivité volumique est comprise entre 0,5.106Ωm et de 2.106Ωm, ii) la dite composition pyrotechnique d'amorçage est constituée par une laque réalisé à partir d'un liant polyvinylique et par un explosif primaire, iii) une varistance (22) constituée par un assemblage couches minces est rapportée sur les dites nappes. Electropyrotechnic igniter (1) according to claim 1 comprising a cylindrical igniter body (2) having two planar faces (3,4) and being traversed by two electrodes (9,10) which can be connected to a source of electric current, the said igniter body being capped by a fragmentable cap (11) containing an ignition charge (12), said cap and said igniter body being held integral by an overmolding (13), the flat face (3) of the igniter body (2) located inside said cap being covered by an insulating support (15) of printed circuit, said support (15) itself being traversed by said electrodes, said igniter (1 ) also comprising a heating resistive flat element (19) deposited on said insulating support (15) and connected to said electrodes (9,10) by means of two separate conductive metallic plies (17,18) extended on said support , each tablecloth being in contact with one of the two electrodes, the said flat element (19) and the said metallic plies (17,18) being covered by a pyrotechnic initiation composition (20), characterized in that: i ) the said flat element with a thickness less than or equal to 0.001mm and is constituted by a metallic compound whose volume resistivity is between 0.5.10 6 Ωm and 2.10 6 Ωm, ii ) said initiating pyrotechnic composition consists of a lacquer produced from a polyvinyl binder and a primary explosive, iii ) a varistor (22) constituted by an assembly of thin layers is added to said layers. Allumeur selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que l'explosif primaire est constitué par un sel alcalin du dinitrobenzofuroxanne.Igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that that the primary explosive consists of an alkaline salt dinitrobenzofuroxanne. Allumeur selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que l'explosif primaire est constitué par du dinitrobenzofuroxanne de rubidium.Igniter according to claim 3 characterized in that the primary explosive consists of rubidium dinitrobenzofuroxan. Allumeur selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que le dit liant est de l'acétochlorure de polyvinyle.Igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that that said binder is polyvinyl acetochloride. Allumeur selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que le dit composé métallique est choisi dans le groupe constitué par le bismuth, le nitrure de tantale, les alliages à base de fer et de cuivre, les alliages binaires et ternaires à base de nickel, de chrome et de phosphore.Igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that that said metallic compound is chosen from the group consisting of bismuth, tantalum nitride, alloys based on iron and copper, the alloys binary and ternary based on nickel, chromium and phosphorus. Allumeur selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que la dite varistance a une tension de coude comprise entre 5,5 volts et 17 volts pour un courant de crête supérieur à 100 ampères.Igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that that said varistor has an elbow tension included between 5.5 volts and 17 volts for a peak current greater than 100 amps. Allumeur selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une valeur de courant de non feu supérieure à 500 mA. Igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that that it has a fire current value greater than 500 mA. Allumeur selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une valeur de courant de tout feu inférieure à 1200 mA.Igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that that it presents a current value of any fire less than 1200 mA. Allumeur selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que le dit support isolant (15) est constitué par un matériau choisi dans le groupe constitué par l'alumine et le silicium.Igniter according to claim 2, characterized in that that said insulating support (15) is constituted by a material chosen from the group consisting of alumina and silicon.
    EP00400281A 1999-02-18 2000-02-02 Electro-pyrotechnical igniter with augmented ignition safety Expired - Lifetime EP1030159B1 (en)

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    WO2002081268A1 (en) * 2001-04-03 2002-10-17 Nknm Limited Unitary header/base/shorting bar holder for a micro gas generator, and micro gas generator using it
    US6796245B2 (en) 2001-04-03 2004-09-28 Lifesparc, Inc. Unitary header/base/shorting bar holder for a micro gas generator, and micro gas generator using it
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    US6823797B2 (en) 2001-12-14 2004-11-30 Livbag Snc Process for the preparation of an electropyrotechnic initiator by use of an aqueous adhesive
    EP1319641A3 (en) * 2001-12-14 2009-12-30 Livbag Method for making an electro-pyrotechnic initiator by using an aqueous glue
    EP1577633A1 (en) * 2002-12-25 2005-09-21 Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha Gas producer
    EP1577633A4 (en) * 2002-12-25 2007-08-15 Nippon Kayaku Kk Gas producer
    FR2868833A1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2005-10-14 Ncs Pyrotechnie & Tech Electro-pyrotechnic initiator for motor vehicle, has cap with pyrotechnic charges that are ignited by heat resistant wire which is welded through its ends on electricity conducting plates of printed circuit plate, on single assembling chain
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    CN105115364A (en) * 2015-07-27 2015-12-02 山西江阳兴安民爆器材有限公司 High-energy detonation tool assembled through obsolete propellant and assembling process of high-energy detonation tool
    CN108398062A (en) * 2018-03-21 2018-08-14 中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所 Detachable protecting against shock fuse

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    FR2790078B1 (en) 2004-11-26
    ATE225493T1 (en) 2002-10-15
    JP2000241099A (en) 2000-09-08
    JP3294583B2 (en) 2002-06-24
    DE60000515T2 (en) 2003-06-26
    KR20000058078A (en) 2000-09-25
    DE60000515D1 (en) 2002-11-07
    ES2184681T3 (en) 2003-04-16
    KR100383335B1 (en) 2003-05-12
    EP1030159B1 (en) 2002-10-02
    US6289813B1 (en) 2001-09-18
    FR2790078A1 (en) 2000-08-25

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