EP1138349B1 - Therapeutic light source - Google Patents

Therapeutic light source Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1138349B1
EP1138349B1 EP01302586A EP01302586A EP1138349B1 EP 1138349 B1 EP1138349 B1 EP 1138349B1 EP 01302586 A EP01302586 A EP 01302586A EP 01302586 A EP01302586 A EP 01302586A EP 1138349 B1 EP1138349 B1 EP 1138349B1
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Prior art keywords
light source
diodes
light
led
emitting diodes
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EP01302586A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1138349A3 (en
EP1138349A2 (en
Inventor
Colin Whitehurst
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Photo Therapeutics Ltd
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Photo Therapeutics Ltd
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Priority to EP04011578A priority Critical patent/EP1457234B1/en
Priority to DK01302586T priority patent/DK1138349T3/en
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Publication of EP1138349A3 publication Critical patent/EP1138349A3/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/062—Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N2005/002—Cooling systems
    • A61N2005/005—Cooling systems for cooling the radiator
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0601—Apparatus for use inside the body
    • A61N5/0603—Apparatus for use inside the body for treatment of body cavities
    • A61N2005/0611—Vagina
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
    • A61N2005/0636—Irradiating the whole body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
    • A61N2005/0642—Irradiating part of the body at a certain distance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
    • A61N2005/0643—Applicators, probes irradiating specific body areas in close proximity
    • A61N2005/0644—Handheld applicators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
    • A61N2005/0643—Applicators, probes irradiating specific body areas in close proximity
    • A61N2005/0645—Applicators worn by the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
    • A61N2005/0643—Applicators, probes irradiating specific body areas in close proximity
    • A61N2005/0645—Applicators worn by the patient
    • A61N2005/0647—Applicators worn by the patient the applicator adapted to be worn on the head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/065—Light sources therefor
    • A61N2005/0651—Diodes
    • A61N2005/0652—Arrays of diodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0658—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used
    • A61N2005/0662—Visible light
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0601—Apparatus for use inside the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0616—Skin treatment other than tanning
    • A61N5/0617—Hair treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a non-coherent light source for use in therapy such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), particularly using light emitting diodes (LED's).
  • PDT photodynamic therapy
  • LED's light emitting diodes
  • Photodynamic therapy involves the administration of a photosensitising drug to an affected area, and its subsequent irradiation with light - see for example 'The Physics of Photodynamic Therapy' by B C Wilson and M S Patterson, Physics in Medicine & Biology 31 (1986) April No. 4, London GB.
  • the document GB 2,212,010 discloses a therapeutic light source which uses an array of discrete LED's as an alternative to lasers or laser diodes.
  • the output of the LED's is focussed so as to provide the necessary intensity.
  • the document WO 94/15666 discloses a therapeutic light source specifically for PDT, with an integrated array of LED's mounted on the distal end of a hand piece. The LED's are overdriven to give the necessary intensity, and cooled by the flow of water around a closed loop passing along the hand piece.
  • the document US 5728090 discloses a somewhat similar device with various different types of head containing integrated LED matrices. These devices require complicated liquid cooling circuits which would add to the cost of the device and add to the bulk of the hand piece, which is disadvantageous for invasive use.
  • the wavelength of the LED's is between 300 nm and 1300 nm and is selected based upon the particular photosensitive dye used during PDT.
  • the wavelengths of LED's capable of providing the necessary intensity for PDT cannot freely be chosen within that range.
  • the document US 5634711 discloses a hand-held light-emitting device for phototherapy, comprising an LED matrix and a fibre optic taper or a lens for concentrating the light on a photoreaction area.
  • the LED matrix is air-cooled.
  • the document WO 93/21842 discloses a high-power LED array for photodynamic therapy, which uses direct illumination of the target area.
  • the centre wavelength of the emission band can be tuned using a preset operating current and the judicious use of cooling.
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the absorption spectrum of PpIX and the emission spectra of two examples of LED's suitable for use with the embodiment.
  • a therapeutic light source in an embodiment, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, light is emitted from a parallel-series matrix of LED's L connected through a current-limiting resistor R to a source of a voltage +V.
  • the LED matrix is mounted on a heatsink array H parallel to and spaced apart from a fan array F by support rods R. Air is blown by the fan array F onto the back of the heatsink array H.
  • the heatsink array H comprises a plurality of individual heatsinks h mounted on the ends of the legs of the LED's, which pass through a support plate P. Each leg is soldered to an adjacent leg of another of the LED's in the same column.
  • the support plate P is perforated to allow air to flow more freely around the heatsinks h and the LED's L.
  • the LED's L are arranged so as to produce a substantially uniform illumination of ⁇ 10% or less across a treatment field by selecting the beam divergence and spacing of the LED's L so that their individual beams overlap without causing substantial peaks or troughs in intensity. In the example shown in Figure 4, uniformity of ⁇ 6% is achieved. In this embodiment, no optical system is needed between the LED's and the patient; instead, the light is emitted directly from the LED's onto the patient.
  • the LED's have individual power outputs of at least 5 mW and preferably at least 10 mW, to give the necessary fluence rates in the treatment field of at least 30 mW/cm 2 in the red region of the spectrum and at least 10 mW/cm 2 in the blue region.
  • a 15 cm diameter array of 288 'Super flux' LED's was used to produce a total light output of 8 W at 45 mW/cm 2 in the treatment field.
  • the LED's were driven at a higher current load than their specification while being cooled by forced air convection from the fans F.
  • the current was limited to 90 mA per column of diodes, but may be increased to 120 mA or more if increased light output is needed.
  • the number of diodes in series, in each column, is selected so that the total forward operating voltage is as close as possible to, but less than, the power supply output voltage, in this case 48 V. This arrangement avoids wasteful in-circuit heating and maximizes the operating efficiency of the electrical system.
  • the LED array is positioned approximately parallel to an external affected area of a patient to be treated, with a separation sufficient to achieve the uniform illumination as shown in Figure 4, for example 2 to 5 cm.
  • the device may be used for cosmetic or partially cosmetic treatment with a photosensitizing drug for portwine stain removal and hair restoration/removal, and without a photosensitizing drug for skin rejuvenation, wrinkle removal or biostimulation (including wound healing).
  • the lamp may also be used for fluorescence detection (photodiagnosis).
  • a first suitable type of LED is based on aluminium indium gallium phosphide/gallium phosphide (AlInGaP/GaP) of transparent substrate (TS) or absorbing substrate (AS) type.
  • the output wavelengths are in the range 590 to 640 nm with peak emission wavelengths of 590, 596, 605, 615, 626, 630 and 640 nm.
  • Commercially available examples are the 'SunPower'TM or 'Precision Optical Power'TM series from Hewlett Packard Company, designed for use in the automotive industry, for commercial outdoor advertising and traffic management.
  • Suitable LED's are those packaged as: SMT (surface mount technology) e.g.
  • HPWA or HPWT series preferably HPWA (MH/DH/ML/DL) 00 00000, HPWT (RD/MD/DD/BD/RH/MH/DH/BH/RL/ML/DL/BL) 00 00000, most preferably HPWT (DD/DH/DL/MH/ML/MD) 00 00000; SnapLEDTM e.g. HPWT, HPWS, HPWL series, preferably HPWT (SH/PH/SL/PL) 00, HPWT (TH/FH/TL/FL) 00 or HPWS (TH/FH/TL/FL) 00.
  • Suitable products from other manufacturers include: of SMT type, Advanced Products Inc. (API) part no.
  • HCL4205AO of T1 type, American Bright Optoelectronics (ABO) part no. BL BJ3331E or BL BJ2331E; of Superflux type, ABO part no.'s BL F2J23, BL F2J33 and BL F1F33.
  • a second suitable type of LED is the aluminium indium gallium phosphide/gallium arsenic (AlInGaP/GaAs) type, with emission wavelengths in the range 560 to 644 nm and peak emission wavelengths of 562 nm, 574 nm, 590 nm, 612 nm, 620 nm, 623 nm and 644 nm.
  • AlInGaP/GaAs aluminium indium gallium phosphide/gallium arsenic
  • TLRH, TLRE, TLSH, TLOH or TLYH series examples commercially available from Toshiba in T1 package are the TLRH, TLRE, TLSH, TLOH or TLYH series, preferably TLRH 262, TLRH 160, TLRE 160, TLSH 1100, TLOH 1100, TLYH 1100 or S4F4 2Q1; or in T13/4 package are the TLRH or TLSH series, preferably TLRH 180P or TLSH 180P.
  • Another example is Kingbright L934SURC-E.
  • a third suitable type of LED is aluminium gallium arsenic type (AlGaAs), with emission wavelengths in the range 650 to 660 nm.
  • AlGaAs aluminium gallium arsenic type
  • T1 package examples include the Toshiba TLRA series, preferably TLRA 290P or TLRA 293P, and Kingbright L934 SRCG, L934 SRCH, and L934 SRCJ and in T13/4 package include Kingbright L53 SRCE.
  • a fourth suitable type of LED is gallium phosphide (GaP) type, with emission wavelengths in the range 550 to 570 nm.
  • GaP gallium phosphide
  • a fifth suitable type of LED is indium gallium nitride (InGaN).
  • InGaN indium gallium nitride
  • commercially available examples include: in SMT package, API's HCL 1513AG; and in T1 package, Farnell's #942 467, Radio Spare's #228 1879 and #249 8752, API's HB3h 443AG and Plus Opto's NSPG500S.
  • examples are Farnell's #142 773, Radio Spare's #235 9900 and American Bright Optoelectronics Inc.'s BL BH3PW1.
  • a sixth suitable type of LED is gallium nitride/silicon (GaN/Si), with an emission wavelength of 430 nm.
  • GaN/Si gallium nitride/silicon
  • Siemens LB3336 also known as RS #284 1386.
  • each of the above LED types is selected to have an emission spectrum substantially coincident with the absorption spectrum of one or more of the following common photosensitizers given below in Table 1, and therefore embodiments having such LED's are suitable for PDT.
  • Figure 9 shows the absorption spectrum of PpIX, including peaks at 505nm, 545 nm, 580 nm and 633 nm. Inset are the emission spectra, in units of peak intensity and on the same wavelength axis, of LED part no. HPWA DL00 with a peak at 590 nm and LED part no.
  • HPWT DH00 with a peak at 630 nm, the peaks having sufficient breadth to give a substantial overlap with the 580 nm and 633 nm peaks respectively in the absorption spectrum of PpIX.
  • N-Aspartyl chlorin e6 or NPe6) 660-700 664 Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) 685/690 456 Lutetium texaphrin (Lu-Tex) 735 Al(S 1 /S 2 /S 3 /S 4 ) Pc 660-710 670/685 410, 480 Photofrin 625/630 405 Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) - from 5/ ⁇ Aminolaevulinic Acid (5ALA) 635 410, 505, 540, 580 Tetra m-hydroxyphenyl Chlorin (mTHPC) 650 440, 525
  • the discrete LED array may comprise more than one different type of LED, each with different emission spectra, selected to match different absorption bands of the selected photosensitizer. Each type of LED may be switched independently.
  • the penetration depth i.e. the depth at which the intensity has been attenuated to e -1
  • the penetration depth may also be varied by switching on only one type of LED in the array so as to select a suitable emission band, since the penetration depth is a function of the wavelength.
  • the LED array may be composed of individually switchable spatially distinct segments of LED's. Selected segments may be switched on so as to treat a selected area of the patient within the overall area of the matrix array.
  • the lamp may include an electro-optical detector arranged to monitor the light dose delivered and to switch off the light emission when a target dose is reached.
  • the detector is arranged to monitor the instantaneous light intensity and to vary the electrical power supplied to the tubes so as to maintain the intensity within predetermined limits, and/or to switch off the light emission if a maximum limit is exceeded.

Abstract

A therapeutic light source comprises rigid arrays of LED's (LF, LL, LR) movably connected together, and cooled by forced air convection. The output intensity of the arrays is at least 10mW/cm<2> with a spatial intensity fluctuation of 10% or less in the treatment field. The emission spectra of the LED's may be substantially limited to the range 400 to 430 nm, or 590 to 640 nm. The light source may be used for cosmetic treatment, such as skin rejuvenation, wrinkle removal and/or biostimulation. <IMAGE>

Description

  • The present invention relates to a non-coherent light source for use in therapy such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), particularly using light emitting diodes (LED's).
  • Photodynamic therapy involves the administration of a photosensitising drug to an affected area, and its subsequent irradiation with light - see for example 'The Physics of Photodynamic Therapy' by B C Wilson and M S Patterson, Physics in Medicine & Biology 31 (1986) April No. 4, London GB.
  • The document GB 2,212,010 discloses a therapeutic light source which uses an array of discrete LED's as an alternative to lasers or laser diodes. The output of the LED's is focussed so as to provide the necessary intensity.
  • The document WO 94/15666 discloses a therapeutic light source specifically for PDT, with an integrated array of LED's mounted on the distal end of a hand piece. The LED's are overdriven to give the necessary intensity, and cooled by the flow of water around a closed loop passing along the hand piece. The document US 5728090 discloses a somewhat similar device with various different types of head containing integrated LED matrices. These devices require complicated liquid cooling circuits which would add to the cost of the device and add to the bulk of the hand piece, which is disadvantageous for invasive use.
  • The document US 5728090 mentions that the wavelength of the LED's is between 300 nm and 1300 nm and is selected based upon the particular photosensitive dye used during PDT. However, the wavelengths of LED's capable of providing the necessary intensity for PDT cannot freely be chosen within that range.
  • The document US 5634711 discloses a hand-held light-emitting device for phototherapy, comprising an LED matrix and a fibre optic taper or a lens for concentrating the light on a photoreaction area. The LED matrix is air-cooled.
  • The document WO 93/21842 discloses a high-power LED array for photodynamic therapy, which uses direct illumination of the target area. The centre wavelength of the emission band can be tuned using a preset operating current and the judicious use of cooling.
  • According to the present invention, there is provided a therapeutic light source according to claim 1. Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of a parallel-series matrix of discrete LED's used in first and second embodiments of the present invention;
  • Figure 2 is perspective diagram of the first embodiment;
  • Figure 3 is a cross section of part of the first embodiment;
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the variation of intensity in a cross-section of the output of the first embodiment;
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the absorption spectrum of PpIX and the emission spectra of two examples of LED's suitable for use with the embodiment.
  • In a therapeutic light source in an embodiment, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 5, light is emitted from a parallel-series matrix of LED's L connected through a current-limiting resistor R to a source of a voltage +V. The LED matrix is mounted on a heatsink array H parallel to and spaced apart from a fan array F by support rods R. Air is blown by the fan array F onto the back of the heatsink array H.
  • As shown in more detail in Figure 3, the heatsink array H comprises a plurality of individual heatsinks h mounted on the ends of the legs of the LED's, which pass through a support plate P. Each leg is soldered to an adjacent leg of another of the LED's in the same column. The support plate P is perforated to allow air to flow more freely around the heatsinks h and the LED's L.
  • The LED's L are arranged so as to produce a substantially uniform illumination of ±10% or less across a treatment field by selecting the beam divergence and spacing of the LED's L so that their individual beams overlap without causing substantial peaks or troughs in intensity. In the example shown in Figure 4, uniformity of ±6% is achieved. In this embodiment, no optical system is needed between the LED's and the patient; instead, the light is emitted directly from the LED's onto the patient. As the light is not concentrated by any optical system, the LED's have individual power outputs of at least 5 mW and preferably at least 10 mW, to give the necessary fluence rates in the treatment field of at least 30 mW/cm2 in the red region of the spectrum and at least 10 mW/cm2 in the blue region.
  • In one specific example, a 15 cm diameter array of 288 'Super flux' LED's was used to produce a total light output of 8 W at 45 mW/cm2 in the treatment field. The LED's were driven at a higher current load than their specification while being cooled by forced air convection from the fans F. In the specific example, the current was limited to 90 mA per column of diodes, but may be increased to 120 mA or more if increased light output is needed. The number of diodes in series, in each column, is selected so that the total forward operating voltage is as close as possible to, but less than, the power supply output voltage, in this case 48 V. This arrangement avoids wasteful in-circuit heating and maximizes the operating efficiency of the electrical system.
  • In a method of treatment using the device of the embodiment, the LED array is positioned approximately parallel to an external affected area of a patient to be treated, with a separation sufficient to achieve the uniform illumination as shown in Figure 4, for example 2 to 5 cm. The device may be used for cosmetic or partially cosmetic treatment with a photosensitizing drug for portwine stain removal and hair restoration/removal, and without a photosensitizing drug for skin rejuvenation, wrinkle removal or biostimulation (including wound healing).
  • The lamp may also be used for fluorescence detection (photodiagnosis).
  • The selection of appropriate discrete LED's for PDT using the embodiment will now be described, grouped according to die material.
  • A first suitable type of LED is based on aluminium indium gallium phosphide/gallium phosphide (AlInGaP/GaP) of transparent substrate (TS) or absorbing substrate (AS) type. The output wavelengths are in the range 590 to 640 nm with peak emission wavelengths of 590, 596, 605, 615, 626, 630 and 640 nm. Commercially available examples are the 'SunPower'™ or 'Precision Optical Power'™ series from Hewlett Packard Company, designed for use in the automotive industry, for commercial outdoor advertising and traffic management. Suitable LED's are those packaged as: SMT (surface mount technology) e.g. HSMA, HSMB, HSMC, HSML series and preferably HSMB HR00 R1T20 or HSMB HA00R1T2H; Axial e.g. HLMA or HLMT series; T1 e.g. HLMP series, preferably HLMP NG05, HLMP NG07, HLMP J 105; T13/4 e.g. HLMP series, preferably HLMP DG08, HLMP DG15, HLMP GG08, HLMP DD16; Superflux™ e.g. HPWA or HPWT series, preferably HPWA (MH/DH/ML/DL) 00 00000, HPWT (RD/MD/DD/BD/RH/MH/DH/BH/RL/ML/DL/BL) 00 00000, most preferably HPWT (DD/DH/DL/MH/ML/MD) 00 00000; SnapLED™ e.g. HPWT, HPWS, HPWL series, preferably HPWT (SH/PH/SL/PL) 00, HPWT (TH/FH/TL/FL) 00 or HPWS (TH/FH/TL/FL) 00. Suitable products from other manufacturers include: of SMT type, Advanced Products Inc. (API) part no. HCL4205AO; of T1 type, American Bright Optoelectronics (ABO) part no. BL BJ3331E or BL BJ2331E; of Superflux type, ABO part no.'s BL F2J23, BL F2J33 and BL F1F33.
  • A second suitable type of LED is the aluminium indium gallium phosphide/gallium arsenic (AlInGaP/GaAs) type, with emission wavelengths in the range 560 to 644 nm and peak emission wavelengths of 562 nm, 574 nm, 590 nm, 612 nm, 620 nm, 623 nm and 644 nm. Examples commercially available from Toshiba in T1 package are the TLRH, TLRE, TLSH, TLOH or TLYH series, preferably TLRH 262, TLRH 160, TLRE 160, TLSH 1100, TLOH 1100, TLYH 1100 or S4F4 2Q1; or in T13/4 package are the TLRH or TLSH series, preferably TLRH 180P or TLSH 180P. Another example is Kingbright L934SURC-E.
  • A third suitable type of LED is aluminium gallium arsenic type (AlGaAs), with emission wavelengths in the range 650 to 660 nm. Examples in T1 package include the Toshiba TLRA series, preferably TLRA 290P or TLRA 293P, and Kingbright L934 SRCG, L934 SRCH, and L934 SRCJ and in T13/4 package include Kingbright L53 SRCE.
  • A fourth suitable type of LED is gallium phosphide (GaP) type, with emission wavelengths in the range 550 to 570 nm.
  • A fifth suitable type of LED is indium gallium nitride (InGaN). In the type with an emission wavelength of 525 nm, commercially available examples include: in SMT package, API's HCL 1513AG; and in T1 package, Farnell's #942 467, Radio Spare's #228 1879 and #249 8752, API's HB3h 443AG and Plus Opto's NSPG500S. In the type with emission wavelengths of 470 and 505 nm and T1 package type, examples are Farnell's #142 773, Radio Spare's #235 9900 and American Bright Optoelectronics Inc.'s BL BH3PW1.
  • A sixth suitable type of LED is gallium nitride/silicon (GaN/Si), with an emission wavelength of 430 nm. One commercial example is Siemens LB3336 (also known as RS #284 1386).
  • Each of the above LED types is selected to have an emission spectrum substantially coincident with the absorption spectrum of one or more of the following common photosensitizers given below in Table 1, and therefore embodiments having such LED's are suitable for PDT. For example, Figure 9 shows the absorption spectrum of PpIX, including peaks at 505nm, 545 nm, 580 nm and 633 nm. Inset are the emission spectra, in units of peak intensity and on the same wavelength axis, of LED part no. HPWA DL00 with a peak at 590 nm and LED part no. HPWT DH00 with a peak at 630 nm, the peaks having sufficient breadth to give a substantial overlap with the 580 nm and 633 nm peaks respectively in the absorption spectrum of PpIX.
    Photosensitizer Red absorption Band (nm) Red Peak (nm) Blue/Green Peak (nm)
    Naphthalocyanines 780-810
    Chalcogenopyrilium dyes 780-820
    Phthalocyanines (e.g. ZnII Pc) 670-720 690
    Tin etiopurpurin (SnET2) 660-710 660-665 447
    Chlorins (e.g. N-Aspartyl chlorin e6 or NPe6) 660-700 664
    Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) 685/690 456
    Lutetium texaphrin (Lu-Tex) 735
    Al(S1/S2/S3/S4) Pc 660-710 670/685 410, 480
    Photofrin 625/630 405
    Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) - from 5/δAminolaevulinic Acid (5ALA) 635 410, 505, 540, 580
    Tetra m-hydroxyphenyl Chlorin (mTHPC) 650 440, 525
  • The discrete LED array may comprise more than one different type of LED, each with different emission spectra, selected to match different absorption bands of the selected photosensitizer. Each type of LED may be switched independently. The penetration depth (i.e. the depth at which the intensity has been attenuated to e-1) may also be varied by switching on only one type of LED in the array so as to select a suitable emission band, since the penetration depth is a function of the wavelength.
  • The LED array may be composed of individually switchable spatially distinct segments of LED's. Selected segments may be switched on so as to treat a selected area of the patient within the overall area of the matrix array.
  • The lamp may include an electro-optical detector arranged to monitor the light dose delivered and to switch off the light emission when a target dose is reached. Alternatively, or additionally, the detector is arranged to monitor the instantaneous light intensity and to vary the electrical power supplied to the tubes so as to maintain the intensity within predetermined limits, and/or to switch off the light emission if a maximum limit is exceeded.
  • In tests performed by the inventor, the efficacy of PDT using red (approximately 630 nm) emission from LED's was established in in-vivo comparative studies using a sub-cutaneous mammary tumour regrowth delay assay. Using radiobiological end-points, it was shown that the solid-state prototype efficacies were comparable to that of expensive conventional lasers for PDT (i.e. no significant difference, p=0.21). These results were confirmed in further clinical studies in the treatment of Bowen's disease and basal cell carcinomas where comparative complete response rates were achieved as compared to laser PDT.

Claims (20)

  1. A therapeutic light source, comprising an array of light-emitting diodes (L) arranged so that light from the light-emitting diodes is incident directly on the treatment field with an output intensity of at least 10 mW/cm2 and a spatial intensity fluctuation of 10% or less, and means (F, H) for cooling the diodes by forced air convection, wherein the diodes are thermally coupled to an array of individual heatsinks (h).
  2. A light source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spatial intensity fluctuation is 6% or less.
  3. A light source as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the light-emitting diodes are mounted discretely.
  4. A light source as claimed in claim 3, wherein the light-emitting diodes are electrically connected in a parallel-series matrix.
  5. A light source as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the light-emitting diodes and the heatsinks are mounted on opposite sides of a support plate.
  6. A light source as claimed in claim 5, wherein the support plate is perforated to allow air to flow around the heatsinks and light-emitting diodes.
  7. A therapeutic light source as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the light-emitting diodes having emission wavelengths within the range 550 to 660 nm.
  8. A light source as claimed in claim 7, wherein the emission wavelengths are within the range 590 to 640 nm.
  9. A light source as claimed in claim 8, wherein the diodes are of aluminium indium gallium phosphide/gallium phosphide die material.
  10. A light source as claimed in claim 7, wherein the emission wavelengths are within the range 560 to 644 nm.
  11. A light source as claimed in claim 10, wherein the diodes are of aluminium indium gallium phosphide/gallium arsenic die material.
  12. A light source as claimed in claim 7, wherein the emission wavelengths are within the range 650 to 660 nm.
  13. A light source as claimed in claim 12, wherein the diodes are of aluminium gallium arsenic die material.
  14. A light source as claimed in claim 7, wherein the emission wavelengths are within the range 550 to 570 nm.
  15. A light source as claimed in claim 14, wherein the diodes are of gallium phosphide die material.
  16. A therapeutic light source as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the diodes have peak emission spectra of approximately 470 mn, 505 nm or 525 mn.
  17. A light source as claimed in claim 16, wherein the diodes are of indium gallium nitride die material.
  18. A therapeutic light source as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the diodes have peak emission spectra of approximately 430 mn.
  19. A light source as claimed in claim 18, wherein the diodes are of gallium nitride/silicon die material.
  20. Use of a light source as claimed in any preceding claim, for cosmetic treatment of a patient, wherein the cosmetic treatment comprises skin rejuvenation or wrinkle removal.
EP01302586A 2000-03-23 2001-03-20 Therapeutic light source Expired - Lifetime EP1138349B1 (en)

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EP04011578A EP1457234B1 (en) 2000-03-23 2001-03-20 Therapeutic light source and method
DK01302586T DK1138349T3 (en) 2000-03-23 2001-03-20 Therapeutic light source

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GB0007085 2000-03-23
GB0007085A GB2360459B (en) 2000-03-23 2000-03-23 Therapeutic light source and method
GB0009491A GB2360460B (en) 2000-03-23 2000-04-17 Therapeutic light source with LED's coupled to tapered wave guide
GB0009491 2000-04-17
GB0030974A GB2360461B (en) 2000-03-23 2000-12-19 Spherical Intraluminal probe with discrete LED array
GB0030974 2000-12-19

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EP1138349A3 EP1138349A3 (en) 2002-09-25
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CA (2) CA2341951A1 (en)
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US7758621B2 (en) 1997-05-15 2010-07-20 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for therapeutic EMR treatment on the skin
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US8096691B2 (en) 1997-09-25 2012-01-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N V Optical irradiation device
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US7942915B2 (en) 2002-05-23 2011-05-17 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Phototreatment device for use with coolants
US7942916B2 (en) 2002-05-23 2011-05-17 Palomar Medical Technologies, Inc. Phototreatment device for use with coolants and topical substances
US8915948B2 (en) 2002-06-19 2014-12-23 Palomar Medical Technologies, Llc Method and apparatus for photothermal treatment of tissue at depth
US9726435B2 (en) 2002-07-25 2017-08-08 Jonathan S. Dahm Method and apparatus for using light emitting diodes for curing
US9028536B2 (en) 2006-08-02 2015-05-12 Cynosure, Inc. Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use
CN102271760B (en) * 2009-01-12 2016-06-15 光治疗Asa公司 Radiological unit
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US11141309B2 (en) 2019-06-03 2021-10-12 Cooler Heads Care, Inc. Cooling cap assembly and cooling unit
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ATE460959T1 (en) 2010-04-15
DE60105473D1 (en) 2004-10-21
AU781077B2 (en) 2005-05-05
GB0206457D0 (en) 2002-05-01
ATE276014T1 (en) 2004-10-15
EP1457234A2 (en) 2004-09-15
GB2360459A (en) 2001-09-26
US20040127961A1 (en) 2004-07-01
GB0009491D0 (en) 2000-06-07
AU2980701A (en) 2001-09-27
US20020029071A1 (en) 2002-03-07
EP1138349A3 (en) 2002-09-25
JP2002065875A (en) 2002-03-05
GB0030974D0 (en) 2001-01-31
DE60105473T2 (en) 2005-11-17
CA2341951A1 (en) 2001-09-23
JP4889247B2 (en) 2012-03-07
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CA2672092A1 (en) 2001-09-23
US20070233209A1 (en) 2007-10-04
GB2360460B (en) 2004-02-18
DE60141610D1 (en) 2010-04-29
GB2360461A (en) 2001-09-26
EP1457234B1 (en) 2010-03-17
US6645230B2 (en) 2003-11-11
JP2005334670A (en) 2005-12-08
GB0007085D0 (en) 2000-05-17
GB2360459B (en) 2002-08-07
ES2228756T3 (en) 2005-04-16
EP1457234A3 (en) 2004-12-01
GB2370992A (en) 2002-07-17
EP1138349A2 (en) 2001-10-04
GB2370992B (en) 2002-11-20
GB2360461B (en) 2004-04-28
GB2360460A (en) 2001-09-26

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