EP1165906B1 - Panel and fastening system for panels - Google Patents

Abstract

The slabs (2,3) have profiled edges (4,5) which lock together. The first edge has a tongue (6) which projects into a groove (20) in the second profile. The top part of the first edge (9) projects further forward than the bottom part (8). The bottom part (21) of the second edge projects further forward than the top part (22). The bottom surface (7) of the tongue on the first edge is convex and matches a concave portion (23) in the groove. The top surface of the tongue is horizontal at the root, then slopes gently downwards. The bottom of the groove is of rectangular cross-section.

Description

The invention relates to a panel and a fastening system for panels with arranged on the narrow sides of the panels Retaining profiles, especially for floor panels on a Are to be laid underground, the holding profile of a long Narrow side and the holding profile of the opposite Narrow side as well as the holding profiles of the other two short ones Narrow sides of a panel fit together so that on the free narrow sides of a laid panel further panels are attachable, at least the holding profiles of the long Narrow sides of the panels as mutually associated positive locking profiles trained and the panels by a rotating joining movement are attachable to each other that the positive profile one of the long narrow sides of a panel has a recess and the opposite narrow side of this panel has a matching projection that the underground facing wall of the recess inside a cross section has a concave curvature and that the associated Positive locking profile on the opposite narrow side of the panel has a protrusion which is on its surface facing bottom a cross section with a convex Has curvature, and that the convex curvature of the projection and the concave curvature of the recess essentially are complementary.

Fastening systems of the type mentioned keep panels ready installed condition by a positive connection. Especially when laid floating on a surface Floor panels prevent a positive connection between the panels the creation of joints, for example through thermal expansion or shortening when the temperature drops can arise.

From the German utility model G 79 28 703 U1 is a generic Fastening system known. Floor panels with such a positive locking profile can be very easily connect with each other by a rotating joining movement. The In principle, connection is also suitable for multiple laying. The resulting positive connection is very good stiff and thus prevents the formation of joints reliable.

The known fastening system is disadvantageously suitable only for particularly flat surfaces. With irregular, rough and corrugated surfaces nestle a panel floor with the known fastening system only very poorly the shape of the irregular surface. For example a panel that is laid by the neighboring ones Panels with some air over a corrugated surface is pressed on the ground when loaded, so bend attached floor panels. This Deflection stresses the connection points in particular with the interlocking interlocking profiles. Depending on the load the interconnected panels are facing down or buckled up and from the normal installation level pushed out. Because of the high rigidity of the connection high stress occurs in the weak cross sections of the Form-fitting profiles, which damage very quickly become. The damage progresses quickly to a head start or a recess wall breaks.

Even on a flat surface, panels can change Deflection occurs when on the ground a soft intermediate layer, for example an impact sound absorbing one Foil or the like is laid. On a burdened The intermediate layer is pressed in and the panels buckle at their junctions.

The invention is therefore based on the object, the known Fixing system so that the rigidity of the Connection of two interlocking positive locking profiles to the The connections are adapted to the stress when laying to endure the panels on an irregular surface to have.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that the positive-locking profiles the long narrow sides of two panels in the laid Condition of two panels form a joint, that the top of the projection facing away from the ground of a panel has an oblique material removal that extends to the free end of the projection that the Thickness of the projection due to the removal of material to the free End is increasingly reduced, and that through the removal of material a freedom of movement for the joint is created.

The new construction allows articulated movement of two interconnected panels. In particular, two interconnected panels at the junction be buckled at the top. For example, there is a panel a subsurface with an elevation so that a narrow side of the panel is pressed onto the surface under load and the opposite narrow side seesaws upwards a second attached to the upward rocking narrow side Panel with moved up. The bending forces that act damage the narrow cross-sections of the interlocking profiles However not. Instead, a joint movement takes place. A floor laid with the proposed fastening system thus shows an irregular rough or wavy Elasticity adjusted to the substrate. The fastening system is therefore particularly suitable for renovation panels irregular floors in old buildings. Of course it is also for laying panels on one soft liner is more suitable than the known fastening system.

The construction is based on the principle of "adapted deformability" Bill. This principle is based on the knowledge that very stiff and therefore supposedly stable connection points cause high notch stresses and therefore easily fail. To avoid this, components should be designed so that they are compliant to the purpose or "adapted deformability" and in this way Notch stresses can be reduced.

In addition, the positive locking profiles are designed so that a load on the top of the floor panels in the installed Condition of the top wall of the recess of a first Panels in the projection of the second panel and from the projection of the second panel in the underside wall of the first Panels is transferred. The walls of the recess of the first When installed, panels have contact with the top and Bottom of the protrusion of the second panel. The top wall However, the recess has only a short area on the free end of the top wall of the recess contact with the Protrusion of the second panel. In this way, the Construction with little elastic deformation of the walls the recess a joint movement between the panel with the Recess and the panel with the tab. In this way the rigidity of the connection is best adapted to one irregular pad, which inevitably leads to a kinking movement between panels fastened together.

Another advantage is the fact that panels are the fastening system according to the invention better for a multiple Laying are suitable as panels with the known fastening system, because the panels with the fastening system according to the invention even after long use on an irregular No pre-damage to the interlocking profiles exhibit. The form-fitting profiles are dimensionally stable and durable. They can be used much longer and during their life cycle be relocated more often.

Advantageously, the convex curvature of the projection and the concave curvature of the cutout, essentially a segment of a circle, where in the installed state the center of the circle Circular sections on the top of the tab or below the top of the projection is arranged. In the latter In this case, the center of the circle lies within the cross section of the Projection.

This simple construction results in a joint, the convex curvature of the projection similar to a joint ball and the concave curvature of the recess similar to an acetabular cup are trained, in contrast to one Of course, the socket joint only has a flat rotary movement but no spherical rotation is possible.

In a favorable further education, the point is the convex one Bulge at the bottom of the protrusion, which is misplaced Most protruding towards the surface, arranged so that it is approximately below the top edge of the panel. This results in a ratio to the total thickness of the panel relatively strong cross section for the lead. In addition, the concave curvature offers the recess a sufficiently large undercut for the convex Curvature of the projection, so that this through in the installation level acting tensile forces can hardly be moved apart.

The joint properties of two interconnected panels can be further improved if the wall of the recess of a panel facing the substrate has an inclined material removal on its inside, which extends to the free end of the wall and the wall thickness of this wall is increasingly thinner towards the free end. The removal of material when two panels are installed creates freedom of movement for the joint. With this improvement, the proportion of elastic deformation of the walls of the recess is further reduced during the deflection of the installed panels.
It is also useful if the recess of a panel for connection to the projection of a further panel can be widened by a resilient deformation of its lower wall and that the resilient deformation of the lower wall which occurs during the joining is withdrawn again in the fully connected state of two panels. The form-fitting profiles are thus only elastically deformed for the joining process and during a joint movement and, if they are not loaded, are not subject to any elastic tension.

It is useful if the holding profiles of the short narrow sides a panel also as associated form-fitting profiles trained and by a straight-line joining movement are attachable to each other.

The holding profiles are simply the short narrow side a panel with conventional approximately rectangular groove and Feather cross sections provided. These are very simple and inexpensive producible and can be added after joining the through the long narrow sides of a panel Bring each other sideways. Also can be the long narrow sides of the panels along their entire length in push in parallel direction.

Another development of the short narrow side of a panel provides that the cross sections of the form-fitting profiles essentially the cross sections of the form-fitting profiles of the long Correspond to the narrow sides of the panel. The ability to two Also to connect panels in an articulated manner on their short narrow sides, benefits the resilience of a floor covering.

The form-fitting profiles are preferably in one piece on the narrow sides molded on the panels. The panels can be very easy and with little waste.

The form-fitting profiles according to the invention are particularly suitable, if the panels are essentially made of MDF (medium Density Fiberboard), HDF (High Density Fiberboard) or one Chipboard material exist. These materials are simple to process and receive, for example by cutting Machining, adequate surface quality. Moreover these materials have a high dimensional stability of the milled Profiles on.

Another benefit arises when the Panels with the freedom of movement for the common joints are provided with a soft elastic hardening filler. This filler preferably closes all joints and in particular the top joint so that no moisture and no dirt can enter. With a joint movement of the interconnected panels become the flexible filler depending on the direction of rotation of the articulated movement or stretched. He always adheres to the contact surfaces of the Narrow sides of the panels and decreases as the joint movement decreases back to its original form. The filler carries through its elastic internal deformation to reset the joint at.

An alternative design of the fastening system provides that a short narrow side of a panel is a first hook element and the opposite short narrow side of the panel a second complementary to the first hook element Has hook element and that the hook elements with holding surfaces are provided, through which the panels are assembled are held against each other so that the short narrow sides a gap-free abutting surface the panels result.

To install the panels, the form-fitting profiles must first be used the long narrow sides of the panels. For this, a panel is placed at an angle and with the projection a long narrow side in the recess of the long Narrow side of a laid panel inserted. This forms the common joint. Then the panel in the held at an inclined position and so far in its longitudinal direction moved until it was against the short narrow side of an adjacent one Panel bumps. In this position they overlap Hook elements on the short narrow sides of the adjacent panels. If now the inclined panel by means of the joint is folded down, the overlapping hook elements join each other. There is an undertaking that the Panels locked against pulling apart in their longitudinal direction. Due to the hook elements there is a degree of undercut achievable, at about a third of the total panel thickness lies. The way of locking the short narrow sides the panels are reminiscent of those that reach behind one another Roof tiles.

The first hook element is simply one of the short narrow side protruding approximately vertically and on the Panel top arranged web formed, being on the free End of the bridge pointing towards the underside of the panel Hook projection is arranged and the second hook element one protruding from the opposite short narrow side and web arranged on the underside of the panel formed, one at the free end of this web to the top of the panel pointing hook projection is arranged.

The top of the panel goes from the area with the thickness of the complete panel with a thickness gradation across in Web. The web has a thickness of about a third corresponds to the panel thickness. The same applies to the bottom of the panel. Opposite the top hook element the underside web goes from the area of the complete Thickness of the panel with a gradation across in the web, which is also about a third of the thickness of the panel. The webs and the hook projections are therefore relatively solid educated. Therefore, there is an improvement in strength and durability for the fastening system according to the invention.

The hook projection of the underside is advantageously located Bridge in the assembled state of a panel on the top Web of a second panel. Also, between that Hook projection of the top web of the second panel and Air is provided on the underside web of the first panel.

Of course, this is also reversible, so that between the hook projection of the underside web of the first panel and air is provided on the upper web of the second panel is. It is important that there is always a pairing Bridge / hook projection of assembled hook elements in the assembled state clearly abut each other and the other pairing Web / hook projection of the same hook elements has air. Would the fastening system be designed so that both Pairings of web / hook projection abut each other, so would due to tolerances in the manufacture of the holding profiles clear system achieved and sometimes one and sometimes the other Pair the web / hook projection.

A further development of the fastening system provides that the holding surfaces of the hook projections engage behind in such a way that they can only be hooked into one another by elastic deformation are. In this way, the Hook elements, for example due to an uneven surface can be moved apart when loaded. With a load of a panel, the connected panel is loaded with the Panel moved in the same direction. The joint stay together.

The holding surfaces are simply the hook projections slanted and the hook projections of their free ends towards the webs. Furthermore, the Holding surfaces of complementary hook jumps at least in some areas to each other. This is a simple one Design of the hook projections provided with an undercut, because as an undercut an easy to manufacture flat holding surface is provided.

Another benefit is when the front of the top hook projection of one panel in the assembled Condition at least in the area of the top of the panel on the second panel rests and between the hook projection on the underside of the second panel and the face of the first Panel air is provided. This measure in turn serves in addition, through the constructive design an always clear To create two connected panels.

At the bottom of the panels, for example, on a base a screed, can be placed in the area of An air gap between the panels can be tolerated.

An alternative embodiment with hook elements on the short narrow sides of the panel is constructed so that at least one of the end faces of one of the hook elements of the panels has a projecting locking element at its free end, that in an undercut recess of the other hook element of the panel. This construction has proven to be turned out to be particularly easy to handle because the holding profiles with light pressure and with elastic deformation snap together. In addition, the holding elements good wear resistance on what a multiple laying favored. The wear resistance is good because different locking functions of different holding element areas are exercised and the stress on the holding element so distributed occurs. The panels, for example through the locking element and the recess perpendicular to Laying level locked. The panels are locked against Pull apart in the longitudinal direction, however, by the holding surfaces of the hook projections accomplished.

The protruding locking element is simply the first Panels formed as a bead that extends over the entire length the narrow side extends and the undercut recess of the second panel is formed as an elongated throat, which takes up the bead in the assembled state. For joining must bulge and throat under an elastic deformation of the Hook elements can be inserted into one another.

This embodiment of the fastening system is then suitable if no gluing is done, especially good for one Multiple laying. To resume installed panels, it is advisable to first lift a row of adjacent ones Panels so that they are inclined upwards in the joint rotate. Then the protrusions are slanted out the recesses, pulled out and the joint disassembled. The panels are then only on the short narrow sides connected. It is recommended that the nested Holding elements of the short narrow sides in their longitudinal extent pull apart to this way when disassembling to avoid material-tiring deformation of the hook elements.

Another improvement is seen in the fact that the Assembled state of two panels with air areas Form glue pockets. In addition to using the proposed Fastening system for glue-free laying of floor panels it is particularly suitable for a connection with Glue. For this purpose, those points of the holding profiles, which must be provided with glue, for example in instructions for use or by markings on the holding profile be marked yourself. In this way, the Apply glue very precisely to the user where it is installed Condition of two panels of glue pockets.

In the predominant applications of floor panels the glued installation is considered the most expedient type of installation. This is because the durability of the panels is significantly improved becomes. The gluing of the holding profiles causes a Virtually penetration of dirt and moisture into the joints is prevented. The moisture absorption and swelling of the This minimizes panels in the joining area of the holding profiles.

Of course, there may be use cases for which a glue-free installation is preferable. For example then when a floor covering is frequently resumed and has to be relocated, e.g. for floors in exhibition stand construction.

The panels are preferably made of a coated carrier material formed and the holding profiles in one piece on the narrow sides molded on the panels. It has been shown that the Strength of modern carriers, such as medium density Fiberboard (MDF) or high-density fiberboard (HDF), which are provided with an abrasion-resistant wear layer, are particularly interested in the use of the proposed fastening system suitable. Even after repeated laying, they are Holding profiles so well in shape that a secure connection is also possible on uneven surfaces.

Fig. 1

ein Befestigungssystem ausschnittsweise anhand der Querschnitte zweier Paneele vor dem Ineinanderfügen,

Fig. 2

das Befestigungssystem gemäß Fig. 1 im aneinander befestigten Zustand,

Fig. 3

einen Fügevorgang, bei dem der Vorsprung eines Paneels in Pfeilrichtung in die Aussparung eines zweiten Paneels gesteckt und das erste Paneel nachfolgend mit einer Drehbewegung arretiert wird,

Fig. 4

einen weiteren Fügevorgang, bei dem der Vorsprung eines ersten Paneels parallel zur Verlegeebene in die Aussparung eines zweiten Paneels eingeschoben wird,

Fig. 5

das Befestigungssystem im befestigten Zustand gemäß Fig. 2, wobei das gemeinsame Gelenk aus der Verlegeebene nach oben bewegt ist und die beiden Paneele einen Knick bilden,

Fig. 6

das Befestigungssystem im verlegten Zustand gemäß Fig. 2, wobei das Gelenk aus der Verlegeebene nach unten bewegt ist und die beiden Paneele einen Knick bilden,

Fig. 7

ein Befestigungssystem im verlegten Zustand zweier Paneele mit einem Füllstoff zwischen den Formschlußprofilen der Schmalseiten.

Fig. 8

besondere Halteprofile für die kurzen Schmalseiten eines Paneels im ineinandergefügten Zustand,

Fig. 9

eine weitere Ausführungsform besonderer Halteprofile für die kurzen Schmalseiten eines Paneels im ineinandergefügten Zustand,

Fig.10

eine schematische Darstellung eines Halteprofils mit einem unterseitigen Steg sowie einer Darstellung zweier Zerspanungswerkzeuge zur Herstellung der Hinterschneidung,

Fig.11

eine dritte Ausführungsform besonderer Halteprofile für die kurzen Schmalseiten eines Paneels im ineinandergefügten Zustand,

Fig.12

eine Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 11, die um ein zusätzliches Rastelement ergänzt ist,

The invention is shown by way of example in a drawing below and described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6. Show it:

Fig. 1

a fastening system in sections based on the cross sections of two panels before joining,

Fig. 2

1 in the attached state,

Fig. 3

a joining process in which the projection of a panel is inserted into the recess of a second panel in the direction of the arrow and the first panel is subsequently locked with a rotary movement,

Fig. 4

a further joining process in which the protrusion of a first panel is inserted into the recess of a second panel parallel to the laying plane,

Fig. 5

2, the common joint being moved upwards out of the laying plane and the two panels forming a kink,

Fig. 6

2, wherein the joint is moved downward from the laying plane and the two panels form a kink,

Fig. 7

a fastening system in the installed state of two panels with a filler between the form-fitting profiles of the narrow sides.

Fig. 8

special holding profiles for the short narrow sides of a panel when they are nested,

Fig. 9

another embodiment of special holding profiles for the short narrow sides of a panel in the nested state,

Figure 10

1 shows a schematic representation of a holding profile with a web on the underside and a representation of two cutting tools for producing the undercut,

Figure 11

a third embodiment of special holding profiles for the short narrow sides of a panel in the nested state,

Figure 12

11, which is supplemented by an additional locking element,

According to the drawing, the fastening system 1 is based on the example elongated rectangular panels 2 and 3 explained by which is shown in Fig. 1 a section. The fastening system 1 has arranged on the narrow sides of the panels Retaining profiles that act as complementary positive locking profiles 4 and 5 are formed. The opposite form-fitting profiles of a panel are each complementary. In this way, any panel that has already been installed can be installed 2 another panel 3 can be attached.

The positive locking profiles 4 and 5 are based on the prior art of the German utility model G 79 28 703 U1. In particular on the form-fitting profiles of the embodiment that in Figures 14, 15 and 16 and in the associated description G 79 28 703 U1 is disclosed.

The form-fitting profiles according to the invention are developed in such a way that they have an articulated and resilient connection of Enable panels.

One of the positive locking profiles 4 of the present invention is provided with a projection 6 protruding from the narrow side. The bottom of the projection 6, which is in the installed state facing the document points for the purpose of articulated Connection a cross section with a convex curvature 7. The convex curvature 7 is in the complementary form-fitting profile 5 pivoted. In the illustrated embodiment the convex curvature 7 is circular. The part 8 of the arranged below the projection 6 Narrow side of the panel 3, which is in the laid state of the underlay faces from the free end of the projection 6 further back than that arranged above the projection 6 Part 9 of the narrow side. In the embodiment shown occurs below the projection 6 part 8 of the Narrow side about twice as far from the free end of the protrusion 6 back, like that arranged above the projection 6 Part 9 of the narrow side. This is because the Circular section of the convex curvature 7 is relatively wide is. As a result, the most protruding point is the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 arranged so that it itself is located approximately below the upper edge 10 of the panel 3.

The part 9 of the narrow side arranged above the projection 6 occurs at the top of the panel 3 from the narrow side protrudes and forms a joint joint surface 9a. Between this Joint joint surface 9a and the projection 6 of the panel 3 is the Part 9 of the narrow side reset. This ensures that part 9 of the narrow side is always a closed top Groove with the complementary narrow side of another panel 2 forms.

The one opposite the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 The top of the projection 6 has a short straight section 11 on, also parallel to the ground in the installed state U is arranged. From this short section 11 to Free end, the top of the projection 6 has a inclined material removal 12, which extends to the free end of the projection 6 extends.

The form-fitting profile complementary to the form-fitting profile 4 discussed 5 of a narrow side has a recess 20. This is essentially of a lower one when installed the wall U facing the wall 21 and an upper one Wall 22 limited. On the inside of the recess 20 is the lower wall 21 is provided with a concave curvature 23. This the function of a bearing shell. The concave curvature 23 is also designed in the form of a segment of a circle. So that relatively wide concave curvature 23 on the lower wall 21 of the Recess 20 finds space, the lower wall 21 is further from the narrow side of panel 2 as the top wall 22. The concave curvature 23 forms at the free end of the lower one Wall 21 an undercut. When installed two panels 2 and 3, this undercut is from the Projection 6 of the associated positive locking profile 4 of the adjacent one Panels 3 behind. The level of backlash that Difference between the thickest part of the free end the bottom wall and the thickness of the bottom wall at the deepest Point of the concave curvature 23 is adjusted so that a good compromise between flexible flexibility of two Panels 2 and 3 and a good hold against pulling apart the positive locking profiles 4 and 5 in the installation level given is.

The prior art fastening system according to the figures 14, 15 and 16 of the utility model G 79 28 703 U1 in contrast, a significantly larger degree of undercut on. This results in extremely stiff joints, caused by stress on an irregular Underground U cause high notch tensions.

The inside of the top wall 22 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 is in the installed state according to the embodiment arranged parallel to the underground U.

On the lower wall 21 of the recess facing the underground U. 20 of the panel 2 has the inside of the wall 21 oblique material removal 24, which extends to the free end the lower wall 21 extends. This will change the wall thickness this wall increasingly thinner towards the free end. The removal of material 24 follows in accordance with the exemplary embodiment one end of the concave curvature 23.

The projection 6 of the panel 3 and the recess 20 of the panel 2 form, as can be seen in FIG. 2, a common one Joint G. The material removal 12 discussed above on the Top of the projection 6 of the panel 3 and the material removal 24 of the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 create 2 and 3 freedom of movement when the panels are installed 13 and 25, the joint G in one allow rotation within a small angular range.

In the installed state, the short straight section 11 is the Top of the projection 6 of the panel 3 with the inside the top wall 22 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 in contact. In addition, the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 is on the concave curvature 23 of the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 of the Panels 2 on.

The side joint joint surfaces 9a facing the upper side and 26 of two connected panels 2 and 3 are always unique to each other. In practice there is a simultaneous one exact installation of the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 of the panel 3 on the concave curvature 23 of the recess 20 of the panel 2 not possible. Manufacturing tolerances would cause that either the joint faces 9a and 26 exactly against each other abut or projection 6 / recess 20 exactly against each other issue. In practice, the positive locking profiles are therefore designed that the joint faces 9a and 26 always exactly abut each other and projection 6 / recess 20 for one exact system cannot be moved sufficiently far into each other can. However, since the manufacturing tolerances are of the order of magnitude of hundredths of a millimeter are also nestled Projection 6 / recess 20 almost exactly against each other.

Panels 2 and 3 with the complementary positive locking profiles described 4 and 5 can be done in different ways fasten to each other. 3 is a panel 2 with a Cutout 20 has already been moved, while a second panel 3 with a complementary projection 6 obliquely in the direction of arrow P. inserted vertically into the recess 20 of the first panel 2 becomes. Then the second panel 3 is around the common Center K of the circle sections of the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 and the concave curvature 23 of the recess 20 rotated until the second panel 3 rests on the underground U.

Another type of joining of the panels 2 and 3 discussed is in Fig. 4 shown, after which the first panel 2 with a recess 20 is laid and a second panel 3 with a Projection 6 in the installation plane and perpendicular to the form-fitting profiles 4 and 5 is moved in the direction of arrow P until the walls 21 and 22 of the recess 20 are a little elastic expand and the convex curvature 7 of the projection 6 the undercut at the front end of the concave curvature 23 has overcome the lower wall and the final laying position is reached.

The latter type of joining is preferred for the short narrow sides of a panel if used with the same complementary ones Form-locking profiles 4 and 5 are provided, such as long narrow sides of the panels.

5 shows the fastening system 1 in use. Panels 2 and 3 are on an irregular surface U. The first panel 2 with the form-fitting profile 5 is on it Top has been charged. This makes the narrow side of the Panels 2 with the form-fitting profile 5 have been raised. That with the positive locking profile 5 connected positive locking profile 4 of the panel 3 has also been raised. Through the joint G results there is a kink between the two panels 2 and 3. The freedom of movement 13 and 25 create space for the rotary movement of the joint. The joint formed from both panels 2 and 3 G is moved upwards a little from the installation level Service. The freedom of movement 13 is complete for the rotation have been exploited so that the top of the projection 6 of the Panels 3 in the area of material removal 12 on the inside the wall 22 of the panel 2 rests. The liaison office is flexible in itself and forces the positive locking profiles involved 4 and 4 no unnecessary and material-fatiguing bending stress on.

The early in form-fitting profiles according to the prior art damage caused by breakage of the projection or the walls of the interlocking profiles is thus avoided.

Another advantage arises from a joint movement 5. This can be seen in the fact that the two Panels back into theirs after being relieved by their own weight Lay back installation level. A little elastic deformation the walls of the recess also exist in this case. This elastic deformation supports the panels falling back to the laying level. There is only a very small one elastic deformation because of the pivot point of the joint, the determined by the curved sections 7 and 23 is within the cross section of the projection 6 of the Panel 3 is located.

6 shows an articulated movement of two installed panels 2 and 3 shown in the opposite direction of rotation. The on panels 2 and 3 laid on an irregular underground are buckled down. The construction is designed that when the connection point bends out of the Laying level towards the underground U is a much stronger elastic Deformation of the lower wall 21 of the recess 20 occurs than when bending from the installation level above. The point of this measure is that the panels 2 and 3 buckled downwards after relief do not return to the installation level due to their own weight can. The stronger elastic deformation of the bottom wall 21 of the recess 20, however, produces a tension force, the panels 2 and 3 immediately after relief resiliently moved back to the installation level.

The form-fitting profiles 4 and 5 described are present molded in one piece on the narrow sides of panels 2 and 3. This is preferably done by a so-called formatting process, in which the positive locking profiles 4 and 5 with several milling tools connected in series mill the shape of the narrow sides of panels 2 and 3. The Panels 2 and 3 of the described embodiment exist essentially of an MDF board with a thickness of 8 mm. The top of the MDF board is wear-resistant and decoratively coated. At the bottom is a so-called Counteracting layer attached, which is from the top coating caused residual stresses.

Finally, Fig. 7 shows two panels 2 and 3 laid State, wherein a fastening system 1 with a soft elastic curing filler 30 is used. The filler 30 is between all adjacent parts of the provided positively connected narrow sides. In particular the top joint 31 is closed with the filler, so that no moisture and no dirt can penetrate. In addition, this causes two panels 2 to be bent and 3 self-deforming filler 30 due to its elasticity a reset of the panels 2 and 3 in the installation level.

Fig. 8 shows special holding profiles that are for the short Narrow sides of panels 40 and 41 are provided. each Panel faces each other on opposite short narrow sides matching holding profiles 42 and 43 with complementary hook elements 44 and 45 on. This way you can always a right holding profile 42 of a first panel 40 with a Connect the left holding profile 43 of a second panel 41. In Fig. 8 are the short narrow sides of the panels 40 and 41 in shown in an assembled state. The hook element 44 is from a projecting approximately vertically from the narrow side and web 46 arranged on the upper side O of the panel. At the free end of the web 46 there is an underside V of the panels 40 and 41 facing hook projection 47 arranged. The hook projection 47 is with a hook projection 48 of the second panel 41 is engaged. The hook element 45 of the second panel 41 is formed from a web 49 which of the Narrow side of the second panel 41 protrudes and on the Bottom V of the second panel 41 is arranged. The hook projection 48 is arranged at the free end of the web 49 and points to the top side O of the panel 40. The hook projections 47 and 48 and the two panels 40 and 41 are in one another hooked.

The hook projection 48 of the second panel 41 with the underside Web 49 lies in the assembled state of the second panel 41 on the top web 46 of the first panel 40. For the sake of a clear arrangement is between the hook projection 47 of the top web 46 of the first panel 40 and the underside web 49 of the second panel 41 in the present case Embodiment air L1 provided.

8 engage behind holding surfaces 50 and 51 of the Hook projections 47 and 48 such that the hook projections 47 and 48 can only be hooked into one another by elastic deformation are. Between the inner surface 52 of the holding profile 43 of the second panel 41 and the opposite holding surface 50 the hook protrusion 48 has an opening formed thereon narrowest point has the width a. This is less than the width b of the hook projection 47 of the first panel 40 its farthest point. Through this design and through the elastic deformation when joining the hook projections 47 and 48 the complementary hook projections snap into place 47 and 48 in a defined end position. In the present Embodiment are the holding surfaces 50 and 51 of the Hook projections 47 and 48 kept simple and as oblique provided flat surfaces. From the free ends the hook projections 47 and 48 taper to the webs 46 and 49 there. In the present embodiment, how 8, the holding surface 51 of the hook projection 47 of the first panel 40 rounded at the upper and lower ends. The same applies to the holding surface 50 of the hook projection 48 of the second panel 41 the hook projections 47 and 48 support in which during a joining movement perpendicular to the laying plane the holding profiles 42 and 43 slowly expanded elastically become. This facilitates the laying and protects the Holding profiles 42 and 43.

The adjacent holding surfaces 50 and 51 of the cooperating Panels 40 and 41 therefore nestle in areas together. The resulting gaps can be advantageous serve as glue pockets 53.

Furthermore, there is between the end face 54 of the hook projection on the underside 48 of the second panel 41 and the inner surface 55 of the first panel 40 air L2 is provided. The oneself resulting space can also serve as a glue pocket 53. The same applies to the front side 56 of the top Hook projection 4 of the first panel 40, which in the assembled Condition at least in the area of the top of the panel O and on abuts the second panel 41. Below the top of the panel O and towards the inside of the connection widens in the present Embodiment an intermediate space, 1 also is designed as a glue pocket 53.

A second embodiment of a fastening system is shown in 9 illustrates. There are the same technical ones Provide features with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 8. The embodiment according to FIG. 9 differs from 8 in that the one of the two pairs of web 49 / hook projection 47 respectively Web 46 / hook projection 48, which abuts each other, and the those that have an air gap L1 have changed. The basic function of the fastening system remains equal. This in turn results in a clear investment of the Hook projection 47 and a gapless surface of the floor covering.

10 shows a schematic illustration of a panel 41 with a holding profile 43 according to the invention entered as the undercut contour of the hook projection 48 using two cutting tools W1 and W2, which rotate about the axes X1 and X2, can be produced. The Tools W1 and W2 create a recess 57 in the complementary hook projection of another panel (not shown) can be snapped into place.

Finally, in Fig. 11 is an alternative embodiment with special complementary holding profiles 60 and 61 to the short narrow sides of panels 62 and 63 can be seen. In turn hook elements 64 and 67 are provided which, like the foregoing Embodiments have webs and hook projections. The embodiment according to FIG. 11 is constructed in such a way that the end face 75 of the underside hook element 64 of the second panel 63 at its free end a protruding locking element 65 has that in an undercut recess 66 of the top hook element 67 of the first panel 62 attacks. The hook elements 64 and 67 can be easily Lock pressure and into each other under elastic deformation. The panels 62 and 63 are inserted into the recess 66 engaging locking element 65 locked perpendicular to the installation plane. The locking of the panels 62 and 63 against pulling apart in the longitudinal direction is by holding surfaces 68 and 69 accomplished that on hook projections 70 and 71 of the hook elements 64 and 67 are provided.

The protruding locking element 65 of the second panel 63 is shown in FIG the embodiment shown as a bead, the extends over the entire length of the narrow side. The undercut recess 66 of the first panel 62 is as elongated throat, which formed the bead in the assembled Condition. Bead and throat can be passed through milling so-called formatting in one production run. To join panels 62 and 63, bead and throat must be used with elastic deformation of the hook elements 64 and 67 be joined together.

A further embodiment is shown in FIG is based on the embodiment according to FIG. 11. Same features these two figures have the same reference numerals Mistake. Compared to the embodiment of FIG. 11, the 12 constructed so that the End face 72 of the top hook element 67 of the first Panels 62 have a protruding locking element at their free end 73, which in an undercut recess 74 of the hook element 64 on the underside of the second panel 63 engages. To lock the hook elements 67 and 64, something must greater pressure are exerted than in the embodiment 11. The panels 62 and 63 are by the in Recess 66 engaging locking element 65 and the additional in the recess 74 engaging locking element 73 firmer locked than in the embodiment of FIG. 11. The above Locking elements 65 repective 73 of the panels 62 and 63 are designed as beads that extend over the entire length extend a narrow side. Of course, instead of a bead on a hook projection 64 or 67, for example a protruding nose is provided with a slope be (not shown), the slope of the nose oriented so is that with increasing progress of the joining process a gentle widening of the corresponding hook element is accomplished. The undercut recesses 66 and 74 of the panels 62 and 63 are designed as elongated throats, which take up the beads in the assembled state. Bead and throat can be formatted by so-called mill a production pass. For joining panels 62 and 63 must each bead and throat under an elastic Deformation of the hook elements 67 and 64 are inserted into one another. The exemplary embodiments also differ of Figures 11 and 12 in the interaction of the webs 46, 49 with the hook projections 71, 70. According to FIG. 11, the Web 46 on the hook projection 71 and is between the hook projection 70 and the web 49 air is provided. 12 is air between the web 46 and the hook projection 71 and the hook projection 70 bears against the web 49.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

fastening system

2

paneling

3

paneling

4

Form-fitting profile

5

Form-fitting profile

6

head Start

7

convex curvature

8th

Part of the narrow side

9

Part of the narrow side

9a

Abutting joint surface

10

top edge

11

section

12

material removal

13

Freedom of movement

20

recess

21

bottom wall

22

top wall

23

concave curvature

24

material removal

25

Freedom of movement

26

Abutting joint surface

30

filler

31

top joint

40

paneling

41

paneling

42

retaining profile

43

retaining profile

44

hook element

45

hook element

46

web

47

hook projection

48

hook projection

49

web

50

holding surface

51

holding surface

52

Inner surface

53

Leimtasche

54

front

55

Inner surface

56

front

57

recess

60

retaining profile

61

retaining profile

62

paneling

63

paneling

64

hook element

65

locking element

66

deepening

67

hook element

68

holding surface

69

holding surface

70

hook projection

71

hook projection

72

front

73

locking element

74

deepening

75

front

G

joint

K

Circle center

O

panel surface

P

arrow

U

document

V

bottom

Claims (22)

1. Fastening system (1) for panels (2, 3) having retaining profiles arranged on the narrow faces of the panels (2, 3), especially for flooring panels that are to be laid on a sub-floor (U), wherein the retaining profile of one long narrow face and the retaining profile of the opposite narrow face as well as the retaining profiles of the two remaining short narrow faces of a panel (2, 3) match one another in such a manner that further panels (3) are fastenable to the free narrow faces of a laid panel (2), wherein at least the retaining profiles of the long narrow faces of the panels (2, 3) are in the form of interlocking profiles (4, 5) associated with one another and the panels (2, 3) are fastenable to one another by a turning joining action, in that the interlocking profile (5) of one of the long narrow faces of a panel (2) has a groove (20) and the opposite narrow face of this panel (2) has a matching projection, in that the inside of the wall (21) of the groove (20) nearest the sub-floor (U) has a cross-section having a concave curvature (23), and in that the associated interlocking profile of the opposite narrow face of the panel (2) has a projection that on its underside facing the sub-floor (U) has a cross-section having a convex curvature, and in that the convex curvature of the projection and the concave curvature of the groove are of substantially complementary construction, characterised in that the interlocking profiles of the long narrow faces of two panels in the laid state of two panels form a common joint, in that the top side of the projection, remote from the sub-floor, of one panel has a sloping face from which material has been cut away and which extends to the free end of the projection, in that towards its free end the thickness of the projection is increasingly reduced by the cut-away face, and in that a clearance for movement of the common joint is created by the cut-away face.
2. Fastening system according to Claim 1, characterised in that the convex curvature (7) of the projection (6) and the concave curvature (23) of the groove (20) form substantially a segment of a circle, the centre (K) of the segment of a circle being arranged on or below the upper side of the projection (6).
3. Fastening system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that that point of the convex curvature (7) on the underside of the projection (6) that in the laid state projects furthest towards the sub-floor (U), is located approximately beneath the top edge of the panel (3).
4. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the lower wall (21), nearest the sub-floor (U), of the groove (20) of a panel (2) has on its inside a sloping face from which material has been cut away (24) and which extends to the free end of the lower wall (21), and in that the wall thickness of this wall (21) is increasingly thinner towards the free end, wherein, in the laid state of two panels (2, 3), a movement clearance (25) for the common joint (G) is created by the cut-away face (24).
5. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the groove (20) of a panel (2) is widenable for connection to the projection (6) of a further panel (3) by resilient deformation of the lower wall (21), and in that the resilient deformation of the lower wall (21) occurring during joining recovers again in the fully joined state of two panels (2, 3).
6. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the retaining profiles of the short narrow faces of a panel (2, 3) are in the form of associated interlocking profiles and are arranged to be fastened to one another by a linear joining action.
7. Fastening system according to Claim 6, characterised in that the retaining profiles of the short narrow faces of a panel (2, 3) are provided with customary approximately rectangular tongue-and-groove cross-sections.
8. Fastening system according to Claim 6, characterised in that the cross-sections of the interlocking profiles of the short narrow faces of a panel (2, 3) correspond substantially to the cross-sections of the interlocking profiles (4, 5) of the long narrow faces of the panel (2, 3).
9. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the interlocking profiles (4, 5) are moulded in one piece with the narrow faces of the panels (2, 3).
10. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that, in the laid state of the panels (2, 3), the movement clearances (13, 25) for the common joints (G) are provided with a filler (30) that remains flexible when cured.
11. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that a short narrow face of a panel (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63) comprises a first hook element (44, 45, 64, 67) and the opposite short narrow face of the panel (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63) comprises a second hook element (44, 45, 64, 67) complementary to the first, and in that the hook elements (44, 45, 64, 67) are provided with holding faces (50, 51, 68, 69) by which the panels, in their assembled state, are held against one another so that at the short narrow faces a gap-free abutting surface is produced.
12. Fastening system according to Claim 11, characterised in that the first hook element (44) is formed from a web (46) projecting approximately perpendicularly from the narrow face and arranged on the panel top side (O), a hook projection (47) facing towards the underside (V) of the panels being arranged at the free end of the web (46), and in that the second hook element (45) is formed from a web (49) projecting from the narrow face and arranged on the underside (V) of the panels, a hook projection (48) facing towards the panel top side (O being arranged at the free end of that web (49).
13. Fastening system according to Claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the hook projection (48, 71) of the underside web (49) in the assembled state of the panels abuts the top side web (46) of a first panel (40), and in that a clearance (L1) is provided between the hook projection of the top side web (46) of the first panel and the underside web (49) of the second panel (41) or vice versa.
14. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 11 to 13, characterised in that the holding faces (50, 51, 68, 69) of the hook projections (47, 48, 70, 71) engage behind one another such that they are inter-hookable only by resilient deformation of the hook elements (44, 45, 64, 67).
15. Fastening system according to Claim 14, characterised in that the holding faces (50, 51, 68, 69) of the hook projections (47, 48, 70, 71) are inclined, in that the hook projections (47, 48, 70, 71 ) taper from their free ends towards the webs (46, 49), and in that the holding faces (50, 51, 68, 69) of complementary hook projections (47; 48, 70, 71) abut one another at least in areas.
16. Fastening system according to Claim 14, characterised in that a clearance (L2) is provided between the front face (54) of the underside hook projection (48) of a second panel (41) and the inner face (55) of a first panel (40), and in that, in the assembled state, the front face of the top side hook projection (47) of the first panel (40) abuts the second panel (41) at least in the region of the panel top side (0).
17. Fastening system according to Claim 14, characterised in that at least one of the front faces (72, 75) of one of the hook elements (64, 67) of the panels (62, 63) has at its free end a projecting catch element (65, 73) that engages in an undercut recess (66, 74) of the other hook element (64, 67) of the panel (62, 63).
18. Fastening system according to Claim 17, characterised in that the projecting catch element (65, 73) of the panel (62, 63) is in the form of a bead that extends over the entire length of the narrow face, and in that the undercut recess (66, 74) of the panel (62, 63) is in the form of an elongate channel that receives the bead in the assembled state.
19. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 13 to 18, characterised in that the clearance voids in the assembled state of two panels (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63) form pockets (53) for adhesive.
20. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 1 to 19, characterised in that the panels are formed from a coated substrate material and the interlocking profiles and retaining profiles are moulded in one piece with the narrow faces of the panels (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63).
21. Fastening system according to any one of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the panels (2, 3) substantially consist of an MDF, HDF or chip-board material.
22. A panel (2, 3, 40, 41, 62, 63) having a fastening system (1) according to any one of Claims 1 to 21.

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