EP1311341B1 - Method and statistical micromixer for mixing at least two liquids - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a procedure and a micromixer for mixing at least two fluids. The aim of the invention is to reduce the mixing time of the micromixer compared to micromixers known to the art while maintaining high mixing quality and small structural dimensions. The inventive procedure is characterized by the following steps: a plurality of separated fluid currents of both fluids are brought together and alternately adjacent fluid lamellae of both fluids are formed: the combined fluid currents are carried away and a focused total fluid current is formed; the focused total fluid current is fed as fluid jet into an expansion chamber; and the resulting mixture is drawn off. The micromixer comprises a plurality of alternately adjacent fluid channels which open into an inlet chamber. A focusing channel is in fluid connection with said inlet chamber and opens into an expansion chamber. The inventive procedure and micromixer are especially advantageous in that they are suitable for the production of emulsions and dispersions.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a static micromixer for mixing at least two fluids.

The goal in mixing at least two fluids is to achieve a uniform distribution of the two fluids in a given, as a rule as short a time as possible. For this purpose, mixing operations with a high targeted energy input. Of advantage are mixing processes with directed currents that underlie the mixing processes taking place Make predictive use of model considerations. Especially For this purpose, static micromixers are advantageously used, as used in the Overview by W. Ehrfeld, V. Hessel, H. Leo in Microreactors, New Technology for Modern Chemistry, Wiley-VCH 2000, pages 41 to 85 are shown. With known static micromixers are by Generating alternately adjacent fluid lamellae of a thickness in the micron range Mixing times between 1 s and a few milliseconds achieved. In contrast to dynamic mixers, in which turbulent flow conditions prevail, is by the given geometry an exact setting the width of the fluid fins and thus allows the diffusion paths. The This achieved very narrow distribution of mixing times allowed diverse Possibilities of optimizing chemical reactions with regard to Selectivity and yield. Another advantage of static Micromixing is the miniaturization and thus integrability in other systems, such as heat exchangers and reactors. The Application potential includes liquid-liquid and gas-gas mixtures, including reactions in the respective regimens, as well as liquid-liquid Emulsions, gas-liquid dispersions, solid-liquid dispersions and thus also multiphase and phase transfer reactions, extractions and Absorption.

A working according to the principle of Multilamination static Micromixer has a microstructured in a plane Interdigital structure of intermeshing channels of a width of 25 microns or 40 μm (see above, pages 64 to 73). The two fluids to be mixed pass through the channels into a plurality of separate fluid streams divided, the opposite parallel to each other and flowing alternately are arranged to each other. Through a slot, the neighboring Fluid flows discharged vertically from the plane upwards and with each other contacted. By means suitable for mass production Structuring methods can be the channel geometries and thus the Reduce fluid lamella width only limited to the lower μm range.

A further reduction of the obtained according to the multilamination principle Fluid lamellae can be achieved by so-called hydrodynamic focusing become. Such a static micromixer to implement dangerous Fabrics are described by T. M. Floyd et al. on pages 171 to 179 in Microreaction technology: industrial prospects; proceedings of the third International Conference on Microreaction Technology / IMRET3, editor: W. Ehrfeld, Springer 2000 presented. Alternate adjacent channels for the both fluids to be mixed open in a semicircle radially from the outside in a funnel-shaped extended and merging into a narrow, long channel Chamber. The combined in the chamber fluid laminar flow is in this case transferred the narrow channel, causing a reduction of the Fluid lamella width takes place. Even with reduced slat widths in the The lower μm range is due to diffusion-related mixing times in the Millisecond range, which is true for some applications, in particular ultra-fast reactions, too long. In addition, this one has Micromixer due to the long, serving as a reaction space Channel a large design.

The invention has for its object a method and a static Micromixer for mixing at least two fluids available provide a fast mixing of the fluids with high mixing quality and small Allow space.

The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a static micromixer according to claim 10.

Hereinafter, the term fluid is a gaseous or liquid substance or a mixture of such substances having one or more solid, may contain liquid or gaseous substances dissolved or dispersed.

The term mixing also includes the processes dissolving (blending), Dispersing, emulsifying and suspending. Consequently, the term includes Mixture solutions, liquid-liquid emulsions, gas-liquid and solid-liquid dispersions.

Among a plurality of fluid streams or fluid channels, two are provided for each fluid or more, preferably three or more, more preferably five or more, Fluid flows or fluid channels understood. Alternately adjacent Fluid lamellae or fluid channels in the case of two fluids A, B mean that they are in alternating at least one level, resulting in an order of ABAB, lie next to each other. The term "alternately adjacent" includes three Fluids A, B, C have different orders, such as ABCABC or ABACABAC. The fluid fins or fluid channels can also be in more are alternately adjacent as one plane, for example in two Dimensions are arranged like a checkerboard to each other. The the different fluid associated fluid flows and fluid channels preferably rectified or oppositely parallel to each other arranged.

The inventive method for mixing at least two fluids comprises at least four process steps. In the 1st step will be a variety separate fluid flows of the two fluids each having a width in the range of 1 μm to 1 mm and a depth in the range of 10 μm to 10 mm merged, wherein alternately adjacent fluid fins of the form two fluids. In the second step, the so-combined fluid flows dissipated to form a focused total fluid flow. In the third step is the total fluid flow thus obtained as a fluid jet in a Expansion chamber with a larger to the focused total fluid flow Cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow direction of the focused Total fluid flow initiated. In the last step of the process, the like derived mixture formed.

The merging takes place in such a way that the initially separate fluid streams pour into a room. In this case, the fluid streams can be parallel to each other or in one another, for example radially inward, be aligned. When merging fluid lamellae form, whose Cross-sectional areas initially correspond to those of the fluid flows. By the Discharge as a focused total fluid flow finds a reduction in width and / or the cross-sectional area of the fluid fins, while at the same time Increase the flow rate. The so accelerated focused Total fluid flow is as a jet of fluid (jet) in the expansion chamber initiated. By the expansion of the fluid fins in the expansion chamber occur perpendicular to the main flow directed forces (shear forces), which in the Comparison with only diffusive mixture to achieve shorter mixing times to let. In particular, the process of fragmentation into individual particles as discontinuous phase in a continuous phase and thus the formation of emulsions and dispersions is favorably influenced. From particular advantage here is the effect of the fluid jet as suction and Towing jet and the occurrence of directed vortex.

Preferably, the combined fluid streams are focused such that the Ratio of the cross-sectional area of the focused total fluid flow to the Sum of the cross-sectional areas of the fluid flows to be merged in each case perpendicular to the flow direction in the range of 1 to 1.5 to 1 to 500, preferably in the range of 1 to 2 to 1 to 50. The smaller that Ratio is, the more the slat width is reduced and the stronger the flow rate is increased with which the focused total fluid flow is introduced as a fluid jet into the expansion chamber. Advantageously, the focused total fluid flow over its length consistent Cross-section on. It is also conceivable in the direction of the expansion chamber decreasing cross-sectional area, the above ratio for the area with smallest cross-sectional area applies.

Preferably, the ratio of the length of the focused total fluid flow to its width in the range of 1 to 1 to 30 to 1, preferably in the range 1.5 to 1 to 10 to 1. Here, the focused total fluid flow as possible be sufficiently long to have a sufficient focusing effect To maintain the laminar flow conditions. However, should the focused total fluid flow is made short in order to obtain a short mixing time the total fluid flow as quickly as a fluid jet in to initiate the expansion chamber.

Advantageously, the focused total fluid flow is as a fluid jet in the Expansion chamber initiated that at least in one plane, preferably on both sides of the fluid jet vortex, in particular stationary Vortex, form. Such stationary vortices are formed especially in the From areas along which the fluid jet flows past and these areas brings to rotation. Preferably, the fluid jet is symmetrical in the room initiated, so that at least in one plane to both sides train stationary vertebrae. Is the expansion chamber compared to focused total fluid flow not only in width, but over the expanded cross-section, so it is of particular advantage when form stationary vortexes all around the fluid jet. By in the stationary vertebrae occurring shear forces at least partially turbulent flow conditions, the mixing process is positively influenced. Advantageously, the expansion chamber is designed so that the vortex not in so-called dead water areas, but in areas that are traversed be formed.

According to one embodiment, at least a part of the fluid flow is after re-focussed upon introduction into the expansion chamber. This can be the entire fluid jet exiting the expansion chamber comprise or only a part thereof, the other part being advantageous as finished mixture is derived. An advantage of re-focusing is that further contacting of areas is taking place, not yet are completely mixed. In this case, the focused fluid flow is advantageous as a fluid jet again with vortex formation in a further expansion chamber initiated.

According to another embodiment, the following two Procedural steps one or more times. In the first of these two Process steps will be at least part of the fluid flow after previous introduction into the expansion chamber to form a fanned fluid flow dissipated. In the second step, the focused Fluid stream is introduced into a further expansion chamber, which is a for focused fluid flow greater cross-sectional area perpendicular to Having flow direction of the focused fluid flow. After the one or Repeatedly performing these two steps becomes the formed mixture derived. By repeatedly focusing and initiating in an expansion chamber a particularly intense mixing is achieved, which especially in the formation of emulsions and dispersions with small Particle sizes is beneficial. With regard to the advantageous implementation of the Focusing and initiating will be to the preferred ones Variants pointed out.

Advantageously, another fluid is introduced into the expansion chamber. The Initiation can occur at one or more points, preferably symmetrically to the fluid jet. The other fluid can one the mixture stabilizing adjuvant, for example an emulsifier, exhibit.

At least a portion of the resulting mixture of the one or more is advantageous Regions of the expansion chamber derived with vortex formation. Here can the formed mixture into one or more streams, preferably are symmetrical to the fluid jet, are derived. This takes place deriving from the areas of the stationary vortex, in which is a mixture of high mixing quality.

According to a preferred embodiment, the focused Total fluid flow to a structure located in the expansion chamber, which deflects the fluid jet, passed. This baffle structure can be a plane or curved surface or a structure for deflecting and / or splitting the Be fluid jet. Likewise, that of the mouth of the focusing channel opposite wall of the expansion chamber be designed so that this serves as a baffle structure. In this embodiment, extremely high specific energy densities using a prelaminated and focused total fluid flow and thus achieved a high degree of turbulence.

The high turbulence leads to the formation of small vortices due to the occurring high shear forces to very small particle diameters, for example, droplet diameter in emulsions leads. In contrast to known methods, formation of pre-emulsions is not required.

According to another embodiment, the first two Process steps in each case simultaneously and spatially separated two or performed several times. As a result, two or more accordingly focused total fluid flows obtained in a common Expansion chamber to be initiated. Particularly advantageous here the focused total fluid streams as a fluid jet in the common Expansion chamber initiated that these meet, d. H. collide with each other. The total fluid flows to be introduced may be the have the same fluids or different fluids, which then only in contacted and mixed in the common room. Here can, as described above, take further steps such as re-focusing and initiating connect as fluid jet in an expansion chamber. As with the previous one Embodiment using a baffle structure becomes extremely high specific energy densities using two or more prelaminated and focused total fluid flows and thus a high degree achieved in turbulence, which in particular in suspensions, dispersions and emulsions are obtained very small particle diameter.

The inventive static micromixer for mixing at least two fluids has a plurality of alternately adjacent fluid channels, a Inlet chamber, a focusing channel, an expansion chamber and a Outlet channel for discharging the mixture formed. The variety alternately adjacent fluid channels has a width in the range of 1 micron to 1 mm and a depth in the range of 10 microns to 10 mm to separate Supplying the fluids as fluid streams. The inlet chamber into which the Open fluid channels, serves the merging of the plurality of separate Fluid flows of the two fluids. The focusing channel is for discharging the in the inlet chamber combined fluid streams to form a focused total fluid flow fluidly connected to the inlet chamber. The expansion chamber into which the focusing channel opens and the focused total fluid stream enters as a fluid jet, has a Focusing channel larger cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of the Focusing channel on. The at least one with the expansion chamber fluidically connected outlet channel serves to derive the formed mixture.

Preferably, the inlet chamber in its interior at least in one Level a concave or semi-concave shape, with the concave surface, in which the focusing channel opens in the middle, the surface into which the Open fluid channels, opposite lies. The concave shape becomes one rapid merging and removal into the focusing channel while preserving reaches the fluid fins. However, it is also conceivable that united Gradually supply fluid streams to the focusing channel, including the Inlet chamber in at least one plane triangular-tapered or funnel-shaped.

In the sense of a simple technical realization, it is advantageous if the Fluid channels, the inlet chamber, the focusing channel and / or the Expansion chamber have the same depth. Here it is also from Advantage, when the junctions of the fluid channels at least in the range of Inlet chamber lie in a plane.

Preferably, the focusing channel is formed such that the ratio the cross-sectional area of the focusing channel to the sum of Cross-sectional areas of the opening into the inlet chamber fluid channels each perpendicular to the channel axis in the range of 1 to 1.5 to 1 to 500, preferably in the range of 1 to 2 to 1 to 50. This will be an im Compared to the predetermined width of the fluid channels further reducing the Slat width and / or cross-sectional area and thus a Increasing the flow rate achieved. Advantageously, the Focusing channel over its entire length a substantially constant cross section. It is also conceivable that the cross-sectional area decreases the focusing channel towards the expansion chamber, the above Ratio of the cross-sectional areas for the area with the smallest Cross-sectional area is applied.

Preferably, the ratio of the length of the focusing channel is to his Width in the range of 1 to 1 to 30 to 1, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 1 to 10 to 1. Hereby, the length of the focusing channel advantageously becomes so chosen that focusing on high flow rate while preserving the Fluid lamellae and in the sense of rapid mixing a rapid introduction into the expansion chamber takes place.

According to one embodiment, the expansion chamber is one of in the Cross-section to the focusing channel wider channel is formed and closes in longitudinal extension of these.

Preferably, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the Expansion chamber in at least one central area to the Cross-sectional area of the opening into the expansion chamber Focusing channel perpendicular to the channel axis in the range of 1.5 to 1 to 500 to 1, preferably in the range of 2 to 1 to 50 to 1. By expanding in the transition region between the focusing channel and the Expansion chamber is the focused total fluid flow as a fluid jet in the Expansion chamber initiated, wherein directed perpendicular to the fluid jet Forces that support rapid mixing occur. Especially at the Formation of emulsions and dispersions support these transversal ones Forces the process of fragmenting the fluid lamellae into individual ones Particles. Depending on the configuration of the expansion chamber form the side of the einschießenden fluid jet, time-varying or stationary vortex. Advantageously, the expansion chamber has in the interior in at least one plane a form adapted to the formation of stationary vertebrae. hereby Dead water areas are avoided, so that all areas of the Continuous flow through the expansion chamber.

According to one embodiment, the expansion chamber goes into another, as an outlet channel serving focus channel over. This serves for Deriving and refocusing at least a portion of the Total fluid flow. Advantageously, the further focusing channel closes in Longitudinal extension of the opening into the expansion chamber first Focusing channel to at least part of the expansion chamber to detect entering fluid jet.

Another embodiment of the static micromixer has a Sequence of one or more other focusing channels into which each pass the previous expansion chamber, and one or several expansion chambers. The other focusing channels are used for Deriving and focusing at least a portion of the total fluid flow and lead into the respective subsequent expansion chamber. One with the fluidically communicating in the last expansion chamber Outlet channel serves to divert the mixture formed. Such static Micromixer with sequentially arranged focusing channels and Expansion chambers are particularly advantageous for the production of Emulsions and dispersions with narrow particle size distribution. Advantageous the cross-sectional area of the further focusing channel is less than or equal to Cross sectional area of the previous focusing channel.

According to another embodiment, the other ends Expansion chambers one or more supply channels for supplying a another fluid. Such fluids can stabilize the mixture Excipient, for example an emulsifier. The feeder channels are advantageously symmetrical with respect to a plane in which the axis of the Focusing channel is located.

According to a further embodiment, the expansion chamber has a or several other associated with this outlet channels for Derive the formed mixture on. The outlet channels are preferably in arranged in the areas where form stationary vortex. Also Here, the outlet channels are advantageously symmetrical with respect to a plane arranged, in which lies the axis of the focusing channel.

Advantageously, the expansion chamber has such a arranged and formed structure on which the fluid jet is conducted and deflected. This baffle structure can be a plane or curved surface or a structure for deflecting and / or splitting the fluid jet. Is advantageous the baffle structure through one of the mouth of the focusing channel opposite wall of the expansion chamber formed or integrated Part of this.

According to the embodiment of claim 20, the plurality of adjacent Fluid channels, the inlet chamber into which the fluid channels open, and with the inlet chamber fluidly communicating focusing channel two or more times and two or more Focusing channels open into the one common expansion chamber. The focusing channels are in this case advantageously so opposite in the common expansion chamber arranged merging that the fluid jets in the expansion chamber meet, whereby the mixing effect continues is greatly increased. The two or more varieties of adjacent fluid channels, inlet chambers and focusing channels spatially separated from each other and only on the common Expansion chamber fluidly communicates with each other. These Structures can be the supply of the same fluids, for example, twice the fluids A, B, or even different fluids, such as the Fluids A, B and C, D serve.

According to a preferred embodiment, the structures of the Fluid channels, the inlet chamber, the focusing channel and the Expansion chamber as recesses and / or breakthroughs in as Mixer plate serving one of the one for the fluids to be mixed sufficiently inert material introduced. These open structures are through one with the mixer plate fluidly sealed cover and / or Bottom plate completed, with the top and / or bottom plate Feeds for the two fluids and / or at least one discharge for having the formed mixture. Recesses, such as grooves or blind holes, are in a plane and perpendicular to this material surround. Breakthroughs, such as slots or holes, go on the other hand, through the material, i. are only on in one plane laterally surrounded by the material. The recesses and breakthroughs will be covered by the top or bottom plate to form Fluid management structures, such as channels and chambers. Feeds and / or discharges in the top or bottom plate can be achieved by grooves and / or or holes to be realized.

As suitable materials come depending on the used Different materials such as polymer materials, Metals, alloys, glasses, in particular photoimageable glass, Quartz glass, ceramic or semiconductor materials, such as silicon, in question. Preferably, plates of a thickness of 10 .mu.m to 5 mm, particularly preferred from 50 μm to 1 mm. Suitable methods for fluidly sealing connection For example, the plates are pressed together, using from gasketing, gluing, thermal or anodic bonding and / or Diffusion welding.

The static micromixer has more focusing channels and Expansion chambers, so they are preferably on the one Mixer plate. However, it is also conceivable that these on one or more further mixer plates are formed with the first mixer plate and possibly further mixer plates fluidly connected.

According to a variant of this preferred embodiment, the static Micromixer between the mixer plate and the bottom plate one with this fluidly tightly connected distributor plate for separate Supplying the fluids from the feeders in the bottom plate to the Fluid channels of the mixer plate. For this purpose, the distributor plate advantageous Each fluid to be supplied to a series of holes, each hole exactly associated with a fluid channel. Thus, the first row of two fluids is used Supply of the first fluid and the second row of the supply of the second Fluid.

Preferably, at least the mixer plate and the cover and / or Base plate made of a transparent material, in particular glass or Quartz glass. Particularly preferred is the use of photo-structurable Glass, which becomes precise using photolithographic techniques Microstructuring allowed. Does the static micromixer also have one Distributor plate, so this preferably also consists of such a transparent material. Of particular Voteil here is that in the Static micromixer running mixing process observed from the outside can be.

As a method for structuring the plates are known feinwerk- and microtechnical manufacturing process in question, such as Laser ablation, spark erosion, injection molding, embossing or galvanic Deposition. Also suitable are LIGA methods, which are at least the steps structuring with high-energy radiation and galvanic deposition and optionally include molding.

The inventive method and the static micromixer are advantageous for carrying out chemical reactions with two or more Used educts. For this purpose or for the aforementioned uses in the static micromixer advantageous means for controlling the integrated chemical reaction, such as temperature or Pressure sensors, flow meters, heating elements or heat exchangers. These Means may in a static micromixer according to claim 20 the same mixer plates or more above and / or below arranged and with these functionally related plates be arranged. To carry out heterogeneously catalyzed chemical Reactions The static micromixer can also be catalytic material exhibit.

Figur 1a

einen statischen Mikrovermischer, bestehend aus einer Deckplatte, Mischerplatte, Verteilerplatte und Bodenplatte jeweils von einander getrennt in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Figur 1b

die Mischerplatte nach Figur 1 a in Draufsicht,

Figur 2

eine Mischerplatte mit einem als Fokussierungskanal ausgebildeten Auslasskanal in Draufsicht,

Figur 3

eine Mischerplatte mit mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Fokussierungskanälen und Expansionskammern in Draufsicht,

Figur 4

eine Mischerplatte mit einer Mischkammer mit Zuführ- und Auslasskanälen in Draufsicht,

Figur 5

eine Mischerplatte mit einer in der Expansionskammer angeordneten Prallstruktur in Draufsicht,

Figur 6

eine Mischerplatte mit einer durch die Mischkammerwand gebildeten Prallstruktur in Draufsicht,

Figur 7

eine Mischerplatte gemäß Figur 6 jedoch mit seitlich angeordneten Auslasskanälen in Draufsicht,

Figur 8

eine Mischerplatte gemäß Figur 7 mit zusätzlichen Zuführkanälen in Draufsicht,

Figur 9

eine Mischerplatte mit zwei gegenüberliegenden in eine gemeinsame Expansionskammer einmündenden Fokussierungskanälen in Draufsicht,

Figur 10 a

eine lichtmikroskopische Aufnahme eines statischen Mikrovermsichers gemäß Figur 1 a während des Mischvorgangs einer gefärbten mit einer farblosen Flüssigkeit bei einem Volumenstrom von je 100 ml / h,

Figur 10 b

Aufnahme wie Figur 10 a jedoch bei 300 ml / h,

Figur 10c

Aufnahme wie Figur 10 a jedoch bei 500 ml / h.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the static micromixer according to the invention will be explained by way of example with reference to drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1a

a static micromixer, consisting of a cover plate, mixer plate, distributor plate and base plate, each separated from each other in a perspective view,

FIG. 1b

the mixer plate of Figure 1 a in plan view,

FIG. 2

a mixer plate with an outlet channel designed as a focusing channel in plan view,

FIG. 3

a mixer plate with a plurality of successively arranged focusing channels and expansion chambers in plan view,

FIG. 4

a mixer plate with a mixing chamber with feed and outlet channels in plan view,

FIG. 5

a mixer plate with a baffle arranged in the expansion chamber in plan view,

FIG. 6

a mixer plate with a baffle structure formed by the mixing chamber wall in plan view,

FIG. 7

a mixer plate according to FIG. 6, however, with laterally arranged outlet channels in plan view,

FIG. 8

a mixer plate according to FIG. 7 with additional supply channels in plan view,

FIG. 9

a mixer plate with two opposite in a common expansion chamber opening focusing channels in plan view,

Figure 10 a

a light micrograph of a static Microvermsichers according to Figure 1 a during the mixing process of a colored with a colorless liquid at a flow rate of 100 ml / h,

FIG. 10b

Intake as in FIG. 10 a but at 300 ml / h,

FIG. 10c

Admission as Figure 10 a but at 500 ml / h.

FIG. 1a shows a static micromixer 1 with a cover plate 21, a mixer plate 20, a distributor plate 26 and a bottom plate 22 each separated from each other in a perspective view.

The cover plate 21, the mixer plate 20 and the distributor plate 26 have a supply 23 for the fluid A and a supply 24 for the Fluid B in the form of a hole. The holes are arranged such that when stacking the plates, the feeds 23, 24 with the Feed structures 23, 24 of the bottom plate 22 fluidly in communication stand. The supply 23 for the fluid A and the supply 24 for the fluid B are arranged in the form of grooves on the bottom plate 22 such that the Fluid A to the manifold structure 27 and the fluid B to the manifold structure 28th the overlying distributor plate 26 without significant pressure losses can be directed. The distributor plate 26 has a distributor structure 27 for the fluid A and a distributor structure 28 for the fluid B in each case in the form a series of holes passing through the plate.

The mixer plate 20 shown in detail in Figure 1 b in plan view has Fluid channels 2,3, an inlet chamber 4, a focusing channel 5 and a Expansion chamber 6 on. The discharge 25 in the form of a hole in the Cover plate 21 is arranged such that when stacking the plates the discharge 25 with the expansion chamber 6 of the mixer plate 20 fluidly communicates. The channels 2 for the fluid A have a smaller length as the channels 3 for the fluid B on. The channels 2, 3 are in their from the Inlet chamber 4 opposite side aligned parallel to each other, wherein the Channels 2 for the fluid A alternately adjacent to the channels 3 for the Fluid B lie. In a transition area, the distance of the Channels towards each other in the direction of inlet chamber 4. In the area of Entrance into the inlet chamber 4, the channels 2, 3 in turn parallel aligned with each other. To ensure a uniform volume flow over all Channels 2, 3 for each to achieve a fluid, the channels 2, 3 respectively with each other the same length. This leads to that of the Entry chamber 4 remote ends of the fluid channels 2, 3 respectively to lie in a bow. The holes of the distributor structures 27,28 of Distributor plate 26 are also arranged in an arc in each case, that the ends of the channels 2, 3 each fluidly contacted with a bore become. The inlet chamber 4, in which the fluid channels 2, 3 open, points in the plane of the fluid channels on a half-concave shape. In the middle area the concave surface 8, which the junctions of the fluid channels 2, 3rd opposite, the inlet chamber 4 is in the focusing channel 5 via. The focusing channel 5 opens into the expansion chamber 6, which of a wider in comparison with the focusing channel 5 and in Elongated to this arranged channel is formed. The structures of Fluid channels 2, 3, the inlet chamber 4, the focusing channel 5 and the Expansion chamber 6 are characterized by the material of the mixer plate 20th formed through openings. Through the underlying Distributor plate 26 and the overlying cover plate 21, these become two Side open structures forming channels or chambers covered.

When ready micromixer 1 are here separated shown plates 21, 20, 26 and 22 stacked and fluidly tightly interconnected, whereby the open structures, such as grooves 23, 24 and breakthroughs 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, to form channels and Chambers are covered. The thus obtained stack of the plates 21, 20, 26th and 22 may be housed in a mixer housing suitable fluidic connections for the supply of two fluids and the discharge of the fluid mixture. In addition, through the housing a Pressing force applied to the plate stack for fluidly sealed connection become. It is also conceivable, the plate stack as micromixer 1 without To operate housing, including with the feeders 23, 24 and the discharge 25 of the cover plate 21 advantageously fluidic connections, for example Hose nozzles are connected.

During the actual mixing process is in the supply bore 23 and in the Feed bore 24 of the cover plate 21 each have a fluid A and a fluid B. initiated. These fluids each pass through the delivery structures 23 and 24 of the plates 20, 26 and 22 and from there evenly in distributed as bores distribution structures 27 and 28 distributed. From the holes of the manifold structure 27, the fluid A flows into the exact arranged above channels 2 of the mixer plate 20. Also enters the fluid B from the holes of the manifold structure 28 in the exact above arranged channels 3. The guided in the fluid channels 2, 3 separately Fluid flows A, B are merged in the inlet chamber 4 below Formation of alternately adjacent fluid lamellae of sequence ABAB. conditioned by the semi-concave shape of the inlet chamber 4 are the united Fluid flows quickly transferred to the focusing channel 5. The thus formed focused total fluid flow is in the expansion chamber 6 as a fluid jet initiated. The formed mixture of fluids A, B is through which the discharge area of the expansion chamber 6 located exhaust hole 25th the cover plate 21 derived.

FIG. 2 shows a mixer plate 20 in plan view, with the feeding ones Fluid channels 2,3 for the fluids A and B compared to Figure 1 b simplified are shown. The inlet chamber 4 has a semi-concave shape, wherein the concave surface 8 lies opposite the junctions of the channels 2, 3. The Inlet chamber 4 is in the region of the center of the concave surface 8 in the Focusing channel 5 via. The focusing channel 5 has over its entire Length equal to a width and opens into the expansion chamber 6 a. The Expansion chamber 6 is opposite to the focusing channel 5 in a further focusing channel 5 'which serves as outlet channel 7 via. The Expansion chamber 6 has a substantially circular in plan view Shape, which is widened in the direction of the further focusing channel 5 '. Due to this shape, the expansion chamber 6 has in its interior in the level shown adapted to the formation of stationary vertebrae Shape. This avoids dead water areas so that all areas of the Expansion chamber 6 are constantly flowed through.

The fluid streams of the fluids A and B emerging from the channels 2, 3 become merged in the inlet chamber 4 and, due to the halbkonkave Form, quickly as a unified fluid lamella in the focusing channel. 5 transferred. Due to the much narrower cross section of the Focusing channel 5 compared to the inlet chamber 4 is a Focusing the fluid flow, i. a reduction in the fluid blade width achieved while increasing the flow rate. The so focused total fluid flow occurs as a fluid jet 5 in the expansion chamber. 6 and experiences there a lateral expansion, whereby on both sides of the Fluid jet can form vortices. That scored in the expansion chamber 6 Mixed product is re-focused in the further Focusing channel 5 'derived. The obtained fluid mixture is at the end of another focusing channel 5 'up into a above the mixer plate 20 located cover plate derived.

The mixer plate 20 shown in plan view in Figure 3 has a series of a plurality of successively arranged expansion chambers 6, 6 ', 6 "and Focusing channels 5, 5 ', 5 ", 5'" on. The design and form of supplying fluid channels 2, 3, the inlet chamber 4, the focusing channel 5 and the expansion chamber 6 are equal to the corresponding structures the mixer plate previously shown in Figure 2. The expansion chamber 6 goes opposite the focusing channel 5 in another Focusing channel 5 'across, extending in the longitudinal extension of the Focusing channel 5 is located. This further focusing channel 5 'opens turn into another vortex chamber 6 ', which in turn into a is followed by a further focusing channel 5 '" Expansion chamber 6 '", which finally serving as the outlet 7 the focusing channels 5, 5 ', 5 ", 5 "'have a substantially equal length and are in Longitudinal extension to each other with expansion chambers in between 6, 6 ', 6 "are arranged in the expansion chambers 6, 6', 6" of the fluid jet indicated by an arrow. On both sides of the fluid jet here formed by helical lines indicated steady vortex. The arranged behind an expansion chamber focusing channel detected thus at least part of the entering into the expansion chamber Fluid jet as well as a part of the obtained mixed product. By the repeated focusing and introduction into another expansion chamber can mixtures, in particular emulsions and dispersions, high quality be obtained in a short mixing time.

In Figure 4, the mixer plate 20 of another invention static micromixer shown in plan view. The design and Arrangement of the channels 2,3, the inlet chamber 4, the focusing channel 5, the expansion chamber 6 and serving as an outlet 7 further Focusing channel 5 'correspond to those shown in Figure 2 Structures. In the expansion chamber 6 open on the side in which the Focusing channel 5 enters, and arranged symmetrically thereto, two Feed channels 9a, 9b. By means of these feed channels 9a, 9b can in the area the formed vortex in the expansion chamber 6 another fluid, For example, be initiated an emulsifier. In addition, stand with the Expansion chamber 6 two more outlet channels 10 a, 10 b in conjunction, the on the side into which the expansion chamber 6 in the other Focusing channel 5 'passes, and symmetrical to the other Focusing channel 5 ', are arranged. By means of these further outlet channels 10a, 10b may be part of the mixture formed from the expansion chamber 6 subtracted from. For this purpose, there are the feed channels 9a, 9b and the others Outlet passages 10a, 10b fluidly with corresponding feed or Laxative structures in the overlying cover and / or Base plate in connection. The arrangement of the feed channels 9a, 9b and the Further outlet channels 10a, 10b are shown here by way of example only. So can corresponding feed and / or outlet channels also in the field of Base plate and / or cover plate below or above the Expansion chamber 6 are located. Depending on the application, it may be beneficial if in the expansion chamber 6 only one or more feed channels or only one or more outlet channels open.

FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a mixer plate 20 of another static micromixer according to the invention having structures as in FIG. 2 shown, wherein additionally in the expansion chamber 6, a baffle structure 11th located. The baffle structure 11 is characterized by a in the expansion chamber. 6 formed cuboid structure, wherein one surface of the cuboid Opposite and spaced to the junction of the focusing channel. 5 located. This ensures that the fluid jet in the Expansion chamber 6 exiting focused total fluid flow on the Impingement 11 meets and there under vortex formation on both sides in the Expansion chamber 6 is derived. This is a particularly intimate Mixture achieved with very short mixing times. The formed mixture becomes via the further focusing channel 5 'serving as outlet channel 7 derived.

A mixer plate 20 of a further embodiment of the invention static micromixer is shown in Figure 6 in plan view. The Arrangement of the fluid channels 2, 3, the inlet chamber 4 and the Focusing channel 5 corresponds to the figure 2. The focusing channel 5 goes in an expansion chamber 6 on, in the plane shown no Outlet channel has. The expansion chamber 6 points in the plane shown a substantially round shape, wherein the focusing channel. 5 opposite surface is arched into the expansion chamber. This ensures that the from the focusing channel 5 in the Expansion chamber 6 exiting fluid jet to the area of bulged Surface, which serves as a baffle structure 11, meets and on both sides in the Expansion chamber 6 is derived. The mixture thus obtained is through a located in the cover plate not shown outlet duct 7, which is shown here as a circle with a dashed line.

FIG. 7 shows a variant of the mixer plate 20 of FIG. 6 illustrated static micromixer. Also here has the Expansion chamber 6 a through an area bulged in the chamber the wall of the expansion chamber 6 formed baffle structure 11. In the Expansion chamber 6 open two outlet channels 10a, 10b. These Outlet channels are located substantially opposite the Baffle structure 11 and are symmetrical to the axis of the focusing channel fifth arranged. Compared to Figure 6, the obtained mixture is thus not upward from the expansion chamber but laterally from the areas of the Vortex formation derived.

FIG. 8 shows a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG shown. In the expansion chamber 6 open in addition to the other Outlet channels 10a, 10b two supply channels 9a, 9b. These feed channels are on both sides of the baffle structure 11 and adjacent thereto as well symmetrical to the axis formed by the focusing channel 5 arranged. As also described with reference to FIG. 4, these feed channels can be the Supplying a mixture, in particular the emulsion or dispersion, supporting fluid, for example, the supply of an emulsifier, serve. The further outlet channels 10a, 10b and the feed channels 9a, 9b stand with appropriate feed or outlet structures in the soil and / or or cover plate in fluid communication.

A mixer plate 20 of another embodiment of the static Micromixer is shown in Figure 9 in plan view. In a common expansion chamber 16 open opposite of two sides two focusing channels 5, 15 a. These focusing channels 5, 15 are in Connection in each case with an inlet chamber 4, 14, in which the fluid channels 2,3; 12,13 lead. The two focusing channels 5, 15 are in Longitudinal extension arranged to each other. Perpendicular to this and in the same Level opens on both sides of an outlet 10 a, 10 b in the Expansion chamber 16. Both in the inlet chamber 4 and in the Inlet chamber 14 are from the fluid channels 2,3; 12,13 exit Fluid streams combined and rapidly focused into the focusing channel 5, 15 headed. The so united and focused fluid lamellae occur from the focusing channels 5,15 each as a fluid jet of on opposite sides in the common expansion chamber 16 and meet there under vortex formation on each other, which in a short time a intimate mixture is achieved. The obtained mixed product becomes on both sides from the common expansion chamber 16 via the outlet channels 10a, 10b, those with corresponding structures in the bottom and / or top plate fluidically derived.

embodiment

The static micromixer shown in Figures 1 a and 1 b was realized by means of microstructured glass plates. The mixer plate 20 and the Distributor plate 26 each had a thickness of 150 microns and the final bottom plate 22 and cover plate 21 each have a thickness of 1 mm up. As feeds 23, 24 in the cover plate 21, the mixer plate 20th and the distributor plate 26 were holes with a diameter of 1.6 mm selected. The distributor plate 26 had two distributor structures 27, 28 Rows of 15 slots each with a length of 0.6 mm and a width of 0.2 mm. The fluid channels 2, 3 of the mixer plate 20 had a width of 60 microns at a length of 11.3 mm and a length of 7.3 mm. in the Area of the confluence of the channels 2,3 in the inlet chamber 4 had the webs located between the channels 2, 3 have a width of 50 μm. The width of the inlet chamber 4 in the region of the mouth of the fluid channels 2, 3 reduced from 4.3 mm towards the opposite side to one Width of the focusing channel of 0.5 mm. Because all the structures of Mixer plate 20 have been realized as breakthroughs, have the fluid channels 2, 3, the inlet chamber 4, the focusing channel 5 and the expansion chamber 6 has a depth which is equal to the thickness of the mixer plate of 150 microns. The Length of the inlet chamber 4, i. the distance between the junction of the Fluid channels 2, 3 and the mouth of the focusing channel 5, was only 2.5 mm, to rapidly divert and focus the combined fluid streams to enable. The ratio of the cross sectional area of the Focusing channel to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the Fludikanäle 2, 3 was 1 to 3.6. With a length of 2.5 mm of the focusing channel 5, a length to width ratio of 5 to 1 was achieved. Of the Focusing channel 5 went in the longitudinal direction in the channel-like design Expansion chamber 6 a length of 24.6 mm and a width of 2.8 mm above. The opening angle of the side surfaces of the expansion chambers 6 in Transition region between the expansion chamber 6 and the Focusing channel 5 was 126.7 °. The four shown in the figure 1 a Plates had an external dimension of 26 x 76 mm. The plates were photolithographically using photoimageable glass by means of of a known method, as described by Th. R. Dietrich, W. Ehrfeld, M. Lacher and B. Speit in microstructure products photoimageable glass, F & M 104 (1996) on pages 520 to 524 has been described. The plates became fluid by thermal bonding tightly connected.

Realization of all components of static micro-smother in glass allowed observation of the mixing process under a light microscope, as the corresponding images of Figures 10a, 10b and 10c at Show lighting from below. This was the process of Emulsion formation of silicone oil with water containing a blue dye had, examined. FIGS. 10 a to 10 c only show the detail the junctions of the fluid channels 2, 3 in the inlet chamber 4, the Focusing channel 5 and the expansion chamber. 6

The fluidized channels carrying the dye-added water are in the left entry area into the inlet chamber at its darker gray tone clearly visible. Since both the supplied silicone oil and the between the fluid channels 2, 3 existing webs of glass are transparent, These are not distinguishable here.

For all three shots is clearly the merging of the separated Fluid streams and the removal of the combined fluid streams under focus to recognize. In this case, the fluid lamella structure is maintained.

In the figure 10a, which at a flow rate of 100 ml / h each for Silicone oil and water absorbed is a rapid expansion of the Total fluid flow to recognize when entering the expansion chamber.

In the figure 10b, taken at flow rates of 300 ml / h was clearly recognizes the formation of a fluid jet when entering the expansion chamber, which later fanned out. On both sides of the Fluid jet form vortex in the expansion chamber.

The most obvious is the formation of stationary vortexes on both sides of the Detecting expansion chamber 6 entering fluid jet in Figure 10c, the was recorded at volumetric flows of 500 ml / h.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Static micromixer

2

Fluid channel for fluid a

3

Fluid channel for fluid b

4

inlet chamber

5

focusing channel

5 ', 5 ", ..,

another focusing channel

6

expansion chamber

6 ', 6 ", ...

further expansion chamber

7

exhaust port

8th

Concave surface

9 a, 9 b

feed

10 a, 10 b

Further outlet channels

11

deflector structure

12

Fluid channel for fluid a

13

Fluid channel for fluid b

14

inlet chamber

15

focusing channel

16

Common expansion chamber

20

mixer plate

21

cover plate

22

baseplate

23

Supply for fluid a

24

Feed for fluid b

25

removal

26

distribution plate

27

Distributor structure for fluid a

28

Distributor structure for fluid b

Claims (23)

1. Process for mixing at least two fluids having the steps:

   combining a number of separate fluid streams of the two fluids in each case of width in the range from 1 µm to 1 mm and a depth in the range from 10 µm to 10 mm with formation of alternating adjacent fluid lamellae of the two fluids,

   removing the combined fluid streams with formation of a focussed total fluid stream,

   characterised by the steps

   introducing the focussed total fluid stream as a fluid jet into an expansion chamber (6) with a greater cross-sectional area with respect to the focussed total fluid stream vertically to the direction of flow of the focussed total fluid stream,

   withdrawing the mixture formed.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the combined fluid streams are focussed such that the ratio of cross-sectional area of the focussed total fluid stream to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the fluid streams to be combined in each case vertically to the direction of flow lies in the range from 1:1.5 to 1:500, preferably in the range from 1:2 to 1:50.
3. Process according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the ratio of the length of the focussed total fluid steam to its width lies in the range from 1:1 to 30:1, preferably in the range from 1.5:1 to 10:1.
4. Process according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the focussed total fluid stream is introduced as a fluid jet into the expansion chamber (6) such that stationary vortexes are formed at least in one plane on both sides of the fluid jet.
5. Process according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that at least some of the fluid stream is withdrawn again with focussing after introduction into the expansion chamber (6).
6. Process according to one of the previous claims, characterised by carrying out the following two process steps repeated once or several times

   removal of at least some of the fluid stream after previous introduction into the expansion chamber (6) with formation of a focussed fluid stream,

   introduction of the focussed fluid stream into a further expansion chamber (6', 6") with a greater cross-sectional area with respect to the focussed fluid stream vertically to the direction of flow of the focussed fluid stream,

   wherein the mixture formed is withdrawn after the last step.
7. Process according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that a further fluid, for example a fluid having auxiliary material which stabilises the mixture, is introduced into the expansion chamber.
8. Process according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that at least some of the mixture formed is withdrawn from the region or regions of the expansion chamber with vortex formation.
9. Process according to one of the previous claims, characterised in that the first two process steps are carried out twice or several times in each case at the same time and separated spatially from one another and the two or more focussed total fluid streams thus obtained are introduced into the common expansion chamber.
10. Static micromixer (1) for mixing at least two fluids with a number of alternating adjacent fluid channels (2, 3) of width in the range from 1 µm to 1 mm and a depth in the range from 10 µm to 10 mm for separate supply of the fluids as fluid streams,
    an inlet chamber (4), into which the fluid channels lead,
    a focussing channel (5) in fluid connection with the inlet chamber (4) for removing the fluids streams combined in the inlet chamber (4) with formation of a focussed total fluid stream,
    characterised by
    an expansion chamber (6), into which the focussing channel (5) leads and the focussed total fluid stream may enter as a fluid jet having a greater cross-sectional area with respect to the focussing channel (4) vertically to the axis of the focussing channel (4) and
    at least one outlet channel (7) in fluid connection with the expansion chamber (6) for withdrawing the mixture formed.
11. Static micromixer according to claim 10, characterised in that the inlet chamber (4) in its interior at least in one plane has a concave or semi-concave shape, with the concave surface (8), into which the focussing channel (5) leads centrally, opposite the surface, into which the fluid channels lead.
12. Static micromixer according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the focussing channel (5) to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the fluid channels (2, 3) leading into the inlet chamber (4) in each case vertically to the channel axis lies in the range from 1:1.5 to 1:500, preferably in the range from 1:2 to 1:50.
13. Static micromixer according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterised in that the ratio of the length of the focussing channel (5) to its width lies in the range from 1:1 to 30:1, preferably in the range from 1.5: to 10:1.
14. Static micromixer according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the expansion chamber (6) in at least one central region to the cross-sectional area of the focussing channel (5) leading into the expansion chamber vertically to the channel axis lies in the range from 1.5:1 to 500:1, preferably in the range from 2:1 to 50:1.
15. Static micromixer according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that the expansion chamber (6) changes into a further focussing channel (5') serving as an outlet channel (7) for withdrawal and renewed focussing at least of part of the total fluid stream.
16. Static micromixer according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterised by a sequence of one or more further focussing channels (5', 5"), into which in each case the previous expansion chamber (6, 6', 6") changes, for withdrawal and focussing at least of part of the total fluid stream and one or more further expansion chambers (6', 6"), into which in each case the previous further focussing channel (5', 5") leads, and at least one outlet channel (7) in fluid connection with the expansion chamber (6") which is last in the sequence, for withdrawal of the mixture formed.
17. Static micromixer according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterised in that one or more supply channels (9a, 9b) for supplying a further fluid, for example a fluid having an auxiliary material which stabilises the mixture, lead into the expansion chamber (6).
18. Static micromixer according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterised by one or more further outlet channels (10a, 10b) connected to the expansion chamber (6) for withdrawal of the mixture formed.
19. Static micromixer according to one of claims 10 to 18, characterised by an impact structure (11) arranged in the expansion chamber (6) for diverting the fluid jet.
20. Static micromixer according to one of claims 10 to 19, characterised in that the number of adjacent fluid channels (2, 3; 12, 13), the inlet chamber (4; 14), into which the fluid channels (2, 3; 12, 13) lead, and the focussing channel (5; 15) in fluid connection with the inlet chamber (4; 14) are present in each case twice or several times and the two or more focussing channels (5; 15) lead into the one common expansion chamber (16).
21. Static micromixer according to one of claims 10 to 20, characterised in that the structures of the fluid channels (2, 3), the inlet chamber (4), the focussing channel (5) and the expansion chamber (6) are introduced as recesses and/or perforations in a plate serving as a mixer plate (20) and made from a material which is adequately inert for the fluids to be mixed and these open structures are closed by a cover and/or base plate (21, 22) in tight fluid connection with the mixer plate, wherein the cover and/or base plate (21, 22) have supplies (23, 24) for the two fluids and/or at least one discharge (25) for the mixture formed.
22. Static micromixer according to claim 21, characterised by a distributor plate (26) arranged between the mixer plate (20) and the base plate (22) and in tight fluid connection with the latter, for separate supply of the fluids from the supplies in the base plate (22) to the fluid channels (2, 3) in the mixer plate (20).
23. Static micromixer according to one of claims 21 or 22, characterised in that at least the mixer plate (20) and the cover and/or base plate (23, 24) consist of a transparent material, in particular glass or quartz glass.

Images