EP1380635A2 - Kaltfliessverbesserer für Brennstofföle pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs - Google Patents
Kaltfliessverbesserer für Brennstofföle pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs Download PDFInfo
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- EP1380635A2 EP1380635A2 EP03013091A EP03013091A EP1380635A2 EP 1380635 A2 EP1380635 A2 EP 1380635A2 EP 03013091 A EP03013091 A EP 03013091A EP 03013091 A EP03013091 A EP 03013091A EP 1380635 A2 EP1380635 A2 EP 1380635A2
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- mol
- alkyl
- additive according
- ester
- olefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
- C10L1/1835—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom having at least two hydroxy substituted non condensed benzene rings
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/1905—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polycarboxylic acids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1981—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/022—Ethene
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/101—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones and phenols, e.g. Also polyoxyalkylene ether derivatives thereof
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/013—Iodine value
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/067—Unsaturated Compounds
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
- C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an additive, its use as Cold flow improver for vegetable or animal fuel oils and accordingly additized fuel oils.
- Oils obtained from animal or vegetable material are mainly metabolites comprising triglycerides of monocarboxylic acids, e.g. As acids having 10 to 25 carbon atoms, and the formula in which R is an aliphatic radical of 10 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated.
- oils contain glycerides of a number of acids whose Number and variety varies with the source of the oil, and they may additionally Contain phosphoglycerides.
- Such oils can be used in the prior art known methods are obtained.
- Triglycerides Due to the partially unsatisfactory physical properties of the Triglycerides, the technique has gone over to the naturally occurring Triglycerides in fatty acid esters of lower alcohols such as methanol or ethanol convict.
- EP-B-0 665 873 discloses a fuel oil composition
- a fuel oil composition comprising a A biofuel comprising a petroleum-based fuel oil and an additive which comprises (a) an oil-soluble ethylene copolymer or (b) a comb polymer or (c) a polar Nitrogen compound or (d) a compound in which at least one in the Substantially linear alkyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms with one not polymeric organic radical is connected to at least one linear chain of To provide atoms containing the carbon atoms of the alkyl groups and one or more includes non-terminal oxygen atoms, or (e) one or more of Components (a), (b), (c) and (d).
- EP-B-0 153 176 discloses the use of polymers based on unsaturated C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acid di-alkyl esters having average alkyl chain lengths of 12 to 14 as cold flow improvers for certain petroleum distillate fuel oils.
- Particularly suitable comonomers are vinyl esters, but also ⁇ -olefins.
- Another object of the invention is a fuel oil composition, containing a fuel oil of animal or vegetable origin and the above defined additive.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the above defined Additive to improve the cold flow properties of animal fuel oil or of vegetable origin.
- Another object of the invention is a method for improving the Cold flow properties of fuel oils of animal or vegetable origin, by giving fuel oils of animal or vegetable origin the above Adds defined additive.
- Q has values from 24 to 26.
- Suitable ethylene copolymers A) are those which contain 8 to 21 mol% vinyl and / or (Meth) acrylic ester and 79 to 92 wt .-% ethylene. Particularly preferred Ethylene copolymers with 10 to 18 mol% and especially 12 to 16 mol% at least a vinyl ester. Suitable vinyl esters are derived from fatty acids with linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl heptanoate and Vinyl octanoate and branched fatty acid based esters of vinyl alcohol such as vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, Vinyl neononanoate, vinyl neodecanoate and Neoundecanklad.
- esters of Acrylic and methacrylic acid having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical as Methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, n- and iso-butyl (meth) acrylate, Hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, Hexadecyl, octadecyl (meth) acrylate and mixtures of two, three, four or also several of these comonomers.
- Particularly preferred terpolymers of 2-Ethylhexankladlesters, the Neononanoic or vinyl neodecanoate contain except Ethylene preferably 3.5 to 20 mol%, in particular 8 to 15 mol% of vinyl acetate and 0.1 to 12 mol%, in particular 0.2 to 5 mol% of the respective long-chain Vinylester, wherein the total comonomer content between 8 and 21 mol%, preferably between 12 and 18 mol%.
- copolymers contain, in addition to ethylene and 8 to 18 mol% vinyl esters, 0.5 to 10 mol% Olefins such as propene, butene, isobutylene, hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene and / or norbornene.
- Olefins such as propene, butene, isobutylene, hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene and / or norbornene.
- the copolymers A preferably have molecular weights which correspond to melt viscosities at 140 ° C. of from 20 to 10,000 mPas, in particular from 30 to 5,000 mPas and especially from 50 to 1,000 mPas.
- the determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy degrees of branching are preferably between 2 and 9 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups, in particular between 2.5 and 6 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups, which do not stem from the comonomers.
- the copolymers (A) are prepared by the usual copolymerization methods such as for example suspension polymerization, solvent polymerization, Gas phase polymerization or high-pressure mass polymerization produced. Preference is given to high pressure bulk polymerization at pressures of 50 to 400 MPa, preferably 100 to 300 MPa and temperatures of 100 to 300 ° C, preferably 150 to 220 ° C performed. In a particularly preferred production variant the polymerization takes place in a multizone reactor, wherein the Temperature difference between the Peroxiddostechniken along the tube reactor is kept as low as possible, i. ⁇ 50 ° C, preferably ⁇ 30 ° C, in particular ⁇ 15 ° C. Preferably, the temperature maxima differ in the individual Reaction zones thereby by less than 30 ° C, more preferably by less than 20 ° C and especially less than 10 ° C.
- the reaction of the monomers is by free-radical initiators (Radical chain starter) initiated.
- This class of substance includes e.g. Oxygen, Hydroperoxides, peroxides and azo compounds such as cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2-ethylhexyl) peroxide carbonate, t-butyl perpivalate, t-butyl per-maleate, t-butyl perbenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di- (t-butyl) peroxide, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile).
- the initiators are used individually or as a mixture of two or more Substapzen in amounts of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 10 wt
- High pressure bulk polymerization is used in known high pressure reactors, e.g. Autoclaves or tube reactors, discontinuous or continuous, Tube reactors have proven particularly useful. Solvents such as aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, benzene or toluene, may be included in the reaction mixture. Preferably, in the essential solvent-free operation.
- the polymerization is the mixture of the monomers, the initiator and, if used, the moderator, a tubular reactor via the reactor inlet and above supplied to one or more side branches.
- the comonomers can both metered together with ethylene as well as separately via side streams in the reactor become. In this case, the monomer streams can be composed differently (EP-A-0 271 738 and EP-A-0 922 716).
- the mixing ratio is preferably between 20: 1 and 1:20, preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 5.
- the copolymers B are preferably derived from dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives, such as esters and anhydrides. Preference is given to maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and especially maleic anhydride. Monoolefins having 10 to 20, in particular 12 to 18, carbon atoms are particularly suitable as comonomers. These are preferably linear and the double bond is preferably terminal such as in dodecene, tridecene, tetradecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, heptadecene and octadecene.
- the ratio of maleic anhydride to olefin or olefins in the polymer is preferably in the range 1: 1.5 to 1.5: 1, especially equimolar.
- further comonomers which are copolymerizable with maleic anhydride and the olefins mentioned, for example shorter-chain and longer-chain olefins, allyl polyglycol ethers , C 1 -C 30 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinylaromatics or C 1 -C 20 -alkyl vinyl ethers.
- the preparation of the copolymers B) according to the invention is preferably carried out at Temperatures between 50 and 220 ° C, in particular 100 to 190 ° C, especially 130 up to 170 ° C.
- the preferred manufacturing process is the solvent-free Bulk polymerization, but it is also possible, the polymerization in the presence aprotic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene or higher-boiling aromatic, aliphatic or isoaliphatic solvents or Solvent mixtures such as kerosene or solvent naphtha perform.
- aprotic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene or higher-boiling aromatic, aliphatic or isoaliphatic solvents or Solvent mixtures such as kerosene or solvent naphtha perform.
- Especially the polymerization is preferably in moderately moderating, aliphatic or isoaliphatic solvents.
- the solvent content in the polymerization mixture
- the reaction of the monomers is by free-radical initiators (Radical chain starter) initiated.
- This class of substance includes e.g. Oxygen, Hydroperoxides and peroxides such as e.g. Cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, Dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2-ethylhexyl) peroxide carbonate, t-butyl perpivalate, t-butyl per-maleate, t-butyl perbenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di- (t-butyl) peroxide, and azo compounds such as e.g.
- the initiators be used individually or as a mixture of two or more substances in quantities of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 10 wt .-%, based on the Monomer mixture used.
- the copolymers can be prepared either by esterification of maleic, fumaric and / or Itaconic acid with the corresponding alcohols and subsequent Copolymerization or by copolymerization of olefin or olefins with itacon and / or Maleic anhydride and subsequent esterification are produced.
- a copolymerization is carried out with anhydrides and the resulting copolymer esterified after preparation.
- This esterification takes place in both cases, for example, by conversion with 0.8 to 2.5 moles of alcohol per mole of anhydride, preferably with 1.0 to 2.0 moles of alcohol per mole Anhydride at 50 to 300 ° C.
- esterification temperatures of about 70 to 120 ° C. prefers.
- larger amounts of alcohol preferably 2 moles of alcohol per mole Anhydride formed at 100-300 ° C, preferably 120-250 ° C diester.
- the Reaction water can be distilled off by means of an inert gas or in Presence of an organic solvent by azeotropic distillation be discharged.
- the resulting acid in the incomplete esterification can in the additive preferably present as such or as a salt.
- Preferred cations are Ammonium ions of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
- the alkyl radicals of the amines preferably have 1 to 20 carbon atoms and can contain heteroatoms such as nitrogen, Contain oxygen or sulfur.
- Further suitable cations are alkali metal ions such as. Sodium and potassium, alkaline earth ions such as e.g. Calcium and magnesium as well Transition metal ions such as chromium, manganese, cerium and iron.
- Suitable alcohols are particularly linear, but they may also be minor amounts, e.g. B. up to 30 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and especially up to 10 wt .-% (in the 1- or 2-position) branched alcohols. Particularly preferred are octanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol, tridecanol, Tetradecanol, pentadecanol and hexadecanol.
- mixtures different olefins in the polymerization and mixtures of various Alcohols during esterification can further reduce the effectiveness to special ones Fatty acid ester compositions are adjusted.
- the additives may also contain polymers and copolymers based on C 10 -C 24 -alkyl acrylates or methacrylates (component C).
- These poly (alkyl acrylates) and methacrylates have molecular weights of 800 to 1,000,000 g / mol, and are preferably derived from caprylic, capric, undecyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, palmitoleyl, stearyl alcohol or the like Mixtures such as coconut, palm, tallow or behenyl from.
- mixtures of the invention Copolymers B are used, provided that the mean of the Q values of the Mixture components in turn have values from 23 to 27 and preferably values of 24 to 26 accepts.
- the mixing ratio of the additives A and B according to the invention is (in Parts by weight) 20: 1 to 1:20, preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 2.
- the proportion of component C in the formulations of A, B and C can be up to 40 wt .-% amount; it is preferably less than 20% by weight, in particular between 1 and 10% by weight.
- the additives according to the invention are oils in amounts of from 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 1 wt .-% and especially added 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%. there they may be dissolved as such or dissolved in solvents, e.g. aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon mixtures such.
- they are based on fuel oil of animal or vegetable origin dissolved by fatty acid alkyl esters.
- the inventive Additives 1 - 80%, especially 10 - 70%, in particular 25 - 60% solvents.
- the fuel oil is the often referred to as "biodiesel” or “biofuel” to Fatty acid alkyl esters of fatty acids having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and alcohols having 1 to 4 C atoms.
- fatty acids having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and alcohols having 1 to 4 C atoms.
- Usually a major part of the fatty acids contains one, two or three Double bonds. It is particularly preferred to e.g. around Rapsölchuremethylester and especially mixtures, rapeseed, sunflower and / or Sojaölfett Maschinenremethylester included.
- the additives of the invention can with equal success in mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters and Mineral oil diesel are used.
- Such mixtures preferably contain up to 25 wt .-%, in particular up to 10 wt .-%, especially up to 5 wt .-% of Fuel oil of animal or vegetable origin.
- oils derived from animal or vegetable material examples include rapeseed oil, Coriander oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, Peanut oil, corn oil, almond oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard seed oil, beef tallow, Bone oil and fish oils.
- oils derived from wheat, Derive jute, sesame, shea nut, arachis oil and linseed oil also called biodiesel designated fatty acid alkyl esters can be prepared from these oils in the state of Technique known methods are derived.
- Rapeseed oil which is a mixture of with Glycerol is partially esterified fatty acids, is preferred because it is in large quantities is available and is readily available by squeezing rapeseed. Furthermore, the also widespread oils of sunflower and soy and their mixtures with rapeseed oil preferred.
- lower alkyl esters of fatty acids the following may be considered for example, as commercial mixtures: the ethyl, propyl, butyl and in particular methyl esters of fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, for example, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, Stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, ricinoleic acid, Elaeostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosanoic acid, gadoleic acid, Docosanoic or erucic acid, preferably having an iodine value of 50 to 150, especially 90 to 125 have.
- the ethyl, propyl, butyl and in particular methyl esters of fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms for example, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, Stearic acid
- Mixtures with particularly advantageous Properties are those that are mainly, i. H. at least 50% by weight, Methyl esters of fatty acids having 16 to 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 Double bonds included.
- the preferred lower alkyl esters of fatty acids are the methyl esters of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid.
- oils according to the invention which are used as biofuels can be.
- Biofuels i. of animal or vegetable material Inferred fuels, when burned, are considered less harmful to the car Environment and are obtained from a renewable source. It is It has been reported that combustion produces less carbon dioxide than equivalent Amount of petroleum distillate fuel, e.g. Diesel fuel, is formed and that very little sulfur dioxide is formed.
- Certain derivatives of vegetable oil e.g. those obtained by saponification and reesterification with a monovalent Alkyl alcohol can be used as a substitute for diesel fuel become.
- used cooking oils are also suitable as fuels.
- Rapeseed oil methyl ester RME
- petroleum distillate fuels in proportions of for example, 10:90 (by volume) in the near future in the trade will be available.
- inventive Additives suitable for such mixtures.
- a biofuel is an oil derived from vegetable or animal material or either or a derivative thereof used as a fuel can be.
- Vegetable oil derivatives are preferred, with particularly preferred biofuels Alkyl ester derivatives of rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil or palm oil, with rapeseed oil methyl ester genz being particularly preferred.
- the additive may be added to the oil to be treated according to art known in the art Procedures are introduced. If more than one additive component or Coadditive component should be used, such components be introduced together or separately in any combination in the oil.
- the CFPP value of biodiesel can be on Set values below -20 ° C and sometimes to values below -25 ° C, as they do be required for marketing for use especially in winter. This also applies to problematic oils that are high in oils Sunflowers and soy included. In addition, the so-additive oils have good cold-cycle stability, ie the CFPP value remains even during storage constant under winter conditions.
- the additives according to the invention also together with one or more oil-soluble Co-additives are used, which already by themselves the cold flow properties of crude oils, lubricating oils or fuel oils.
- oil-soluble Co-additives are polar compounds that cause paraffin dispersion (Paraffin dispersants) and oil-soluble amphiphiles:
- the additives according to the invention can be mixed with paraffin dispersants be used.
- Paraffin dispersants reduce the size of the paraffin crystals and cause the paraffin particles do not settle, but colloid with significantly reduced tendency to sediment, remain dispersed.
- Paraffin dispersants have oil-soluble polar compounds with ionic or polar groups, e.g. As amine salts and / or amides proven by reaction aliphatic or aromatic amines, preferably long-chain aliphatic Amines, with aliphatic or aromatic mono-, di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acids or their anhydrides are obtained (see US 4 211 534).
- Paraffin dispersants are copolymers of maleic anhydride and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Compounds optionally with primary monoalkylamines and / or aliphatic alcohols (cf., EP 0 154 177), which Reaction products of alkenyl spiro-bis-lactones with amines (compare EP 0 413 279 B1) and according to EP 0 606 055 A2 reaction products of terpolymers based ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds and Polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower unsaturated alcohols.
- Paraffin dispersants are 1:10 to 20: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 10: 1.
- the additives according to the invention can, except in the described Fuel oils of animal or vegetable origin in mixtures such oils with middle distillates.
- middle distillate one calls in particular those mineral oils, which by Crude oil distillation and boiling in the range of 120 to 450 ° C, For example, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel and heating oil.
- the 0.05 wt .-% sulfur and less especially preferably less than 350 ppm sulfur, in particular less than 200 ppm Sulfur and in special cases less than 50 ppm of sulfur.
- a hydrogenating Refining and therefore only small proportions contain polyaromatic and polar compounds.
- synthetic Fuels such as those obtainable by the Fischer-Tropsch process are suitable as middle distillates.
- the additives can be used alone or together with other additives be, e.g. with other pour point depressants or dewaxing aids, with Corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, sludge inhibitors, dehazem and additives for lowering the cloud point.
- the CFPP value is determined in accordance with EN 116 and the determination of the cloud point in accordance with ISO 3015. Characterization of the used test oils Oil no. CP CFPP E 1 Rapsölklaremethylester -2.3 -14 ° C E 2 80% rapeseed oil methyl ester + 20% sunflower oil methyl ester -1.6 -10 ° C E 3 90% rapeseed oil methyl ester + 10% soybean oil methyl ester -2.0 -8 ° C
- the ethylene copolymers used are commercial products having the characteristics given in Table 2. The products were used as 65% and 50% (A3) settings in kerosene, respectively. Characterization of the ethylene copolymers used example Comonomer (s) V140 CH 3/100 CH 2 A1 13.6 mole% vinyl acetate 130 mPas 3.7 A2 13.7 mole percent vinyl acetate and 1.4 mole percent vinyl neodecanoate 105 mPas 5.3 A3 (V) 11.2 mol% vinyl acetate 220 mPas 6.2 A4 (V) Mixture of EVA copolymer with 16 mol% vinyl acetate and EVA with 5 mol% vinyl acetate in the ratio 13: 1 95 mPas / 350 mPas 3.2 / 5.7
- the esterifications are carried out in the presence of solvent naphtha (40-50 wt .-%) at 90 - 100 ° C for half ester and at 160 - 180 ° C with azeotropic culling of water of reaction to the diester.
- the degree of esterification is inversely proportional to the acid number.
- poly (alkyl (meth) acrylate As poly (alkyl (meth) acrylate), the compounds listed in the table were used as 50% settings in higher-boiling solvent. The K values are determined according to Ubbelohde at 25 ° C. in 5% strength toluene solution. Characterization of the poly (acrylates) used C1 Poly (octadecyl acrylate), K value 32 C2 Poly (dodecyl acrylate), K value 35.6 C3 Poly (phenyl acrylate), K value 22.4
- CFPP value (according to EN 116, in ° C) of various biofuels according to the above table was determined after addition of 1200 ppm, 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm of additive mixture. Percentages refer to parts by weight in the respective mixtures.
- Tables 5 to 7 show that comb polymers with the factor Q according to the invention achieve excellent CFPP reductions even at low dosing rates and offer additional potential at higher dosing rates.
- the CFPP value is used to determine the resistance to cold corrosion of an oil according to DIN EN 116 before and after a standardized cold change treatment compared.
- test oil E1 500 ml of biodiesel (test oil E1) are treated with the appropriate cold additive, placed in a cylinder and stored in a programmable cold chamber for one week. During this time, a program is run through which repeatedly cools to -13 ° C and then warms up again to -3 ° C. 6 cycles are consecutively run through (Table 8).
- Cooling program for determining the resistance to cold chill section begin The End duration description A ⁇ B + 5 ° C -3 ° C 8 h Pre-cooling to cycle start temperature B ⁇ C -3 ° C -3 ° C 2 h stationary temperature, start of cycle C ⁇ D -3 ° C -13 ° C 14 h Temperature reduction, incipient crystal formation D ⁇ E -13 ° C - 13 ° C 2 h Stationary temperature, crystal growth E ⁇ F -13 ° C -3 ° C 6 h Temperature increase, melting of the crystals F ⁇ B Another 6 cycles B ⁇ F are carried out.
- the additiviere oil sample is reheated to room temperature without shaking. From each of the upper, middle and lower sections of the cylinder a sample of 50 ml is drawn for CFPP measurements. A difference between the mean values of the CFPP values after storage to the CFPP value before storage and between the individual phases of less than 3 K shows a good resistance to cold flashes.
Abstract
Description
- R1
- Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
- R2
- Wasserstoff oder C1-C4-Alkyl,
- m
- eine Zahl von 1 bis 100,
- R3
- C1-C24-Alkyl, C5-C20-Cycloalkyl, C6-C18-Aryl oder -C(O)-R4,
- R4
- C1-C40-Alkyl, C5-C10-Cycloalkyl oder C6-C18-Aryl, bedeuten.
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Testöle | |||
Öl Nr. | CP | CFPP | |
E 1 | Rapsölsäuremethylester | -2,3 | -14°C |
E 2 | 80% Rapsölsäuremethylester + 20 % Sonnenblumenölsäuremethylester | -1,6 | -10°C |
E 3 | 90% Rapsölsäuremethylester + 10 % Sojaölsäuremethylester | -2,0 | -8°C |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Ethylen-Copolymere | |||
Beispiel | Comonomer(e) | V140 | CH3/100 CH2 |
A1 | 13,6 Mol-% Vinylacetat | 130 mPas | 3,7 |
A2 | 13,7 Mol-% Vinylacetat und 1,4 Mol-% Neodecansäurevinylester | 105 mPas | 5,3 |
A3 (V) | 11,2 Mol-% Vinylacetat | 220 mPas | 6,2 |
A4 (V) | Mischung aus EVA-Copolymer mit 16 mol-% Vinylacetat und EVA mit 5 mol-% Vinylacetat im Verhältnis 13:1 | 95 mPas / 350 mPas | 3,2 / 5,7 |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Kammpolymere | ||||
Beispiel | Comonomere | Alkohol | Q | Säurezahl [mg KOH/g] |
B1 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C10 | 23,0 | 47,0 |
B2 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Oiefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C10 | 23,0 | 8,5 |
B3 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C12 | 25,0 | 48,2 |
B4 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C12 | 25,0 | 28,8 |
B5 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C14 | 27,0 | 51,0 |
B6 | MSA-co-C12/14-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C14 | 25,0 | 44,8 |
B7 | MSA-co-C12/14-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C12 | 23,0 | 51,1 |
B8 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | 85 % C12 15 % C16 | 25,6 | 49,9 |
B9 | MSA-co-C16-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C12 | 26,0 | 12,3 |
B10 | MSA-co-C14-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C14 | 26,0 | 46,3 |
B11 | MSA-co-C14-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C12 | 24,0 | 49,3 |
B12 | MSA-co-C16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C10 | 24,0 | 47,9 |
B13 | MSA-co-C18/18-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C10 | 25,0 | 53,0 |
B14 | MSA-co-C10-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | 50 % C16 50 % C18 | 25,0 | 48,0 |
B15 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin-co-Allylmethylpolyglykol (1 : 0,45 : 0,45 : 0,1) | C12 | 25,0 | 45,8 |
B16 (V) | MSA-co-C16-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C12 | 26,0 | 49,1 |
B17 | MSA-co-C10-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C12 | 20,0 | 48,8 |
B18 (V) | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C16 | 29,0 | 16,5 |
B19 (V) | Fumarat-Vinylacetat | C14 | n. a. | 0,4 |
B20 (V) | Fumarat-Vinylacetat | 50 % C14 50 % C16 | n. a. | o,7 |
n.a. = nicht anwendbar |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Poly(acrylate) | |
C1 | Poly(octadecylacrylat), K-Wert 32 |
C2 | Poly(dodecylacrylat), K-Wert 35,6 |
C3 | Poly(behenylacrylat), K-Wert 22,4 |
CFPP-Austestung in Testöl E1 | ||||||
Bsp. | Kammpolymer | Ethylen-Copolymer | Polyacrylat | CFPP in Testöl 1 | ||
1200 ppm | 1500 ppm | 2000 ppm | ||||
1 | 20 % B1 | 80 %A2 | ― | -18 | -19 | -20 |
2 | 20 % B2 | 80 %A2 | ― | -20 | -21 | -21 |
3 | 20 % B3 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -23 | -24 |
4 | 20 % B4 | 80 % A2 | ― | -21 | -23 | -21 |
5 | 20 % B5 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -21 | -25 |
8 | 20 % B8 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -22 | -24 |
9 | 20 % B9 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -22 | -22 |
10 | 20 % B10 | 80 % A2 | ― | -21 | -23 | -24 |
11 | 20 % B11 | 80 % A2 | ― | -21 | -23 | -23* |
12 | 20 % B12 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -22 | -29 |
13 | 20 % B13 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -23 | -26 |
14 | 20 % B14 | 80 % A2 | ― | -21 | -22 | -25 |
15 | 19 % B8 | 76 % A2 | 5% C1 | -20 | -22 | -25 |
16 | 19 % B8 | 76 % A2 | 5% C2 | -21 | -23 | -21 |
17 | 19 % B8 | 76 % A2 | 5% C3 | -20 | -24 | -26 |
18 | 34 % B8 | 66 % A2 | ― | -20 | -22 | -24 |
19 | 50 % B8 | 50 % A2 | ― | -19 | -22 | -23 |
20 | 20 % B8 | 80 % A1 | ― | -20 | -23 | -24 |
21 | 20 % B8 | 80 % A3 | ― | -19 | -20 | -21 |
22 | B15 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -22 | -24 |
23 | B16 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -21 | -24 |
24 | 10 % B11 10 % B16 | 80 % A2 | ― | -21 | -24 | -25 |
25 | 20 % B9 | 80 % A4 | ― | -20 | -23 | -25 |
26 | 20 % B13 | 80 % A4 | ― | -20 | -22 | -24 |
27 (V) | ― | A2 | ― | -14 | -16 | -10 |
28 (V) | ― | A4 | ― | -13 | -15 | -18 |
29 (V) | B17 | 80 % A2 | ― | -18 | -18 | -19 |
30 (V) | 20 % B18 | 80 % A2 | ― | -17 | -18 | -18 |
31 (V) | 20 % B19 | 80 % A2 | ― | -18 | -17 | -17 |
32 (V) | 20 % B20 | 80 % A2 | ― | -18 | -20 | -13 |
33 (V) | ― | ― | C1 | -9 | -11 | -12 |
34 (V) | ― | ― | C3 | -18 | -17 |
CFPP-Austestung in Testöl E2 | ||||||
Bsp. | Kammpolymer | Ethylen-Copolymer | Polyacrylat | CFPP in Testöl 2 | ||
1200 ppm | 1500 ppm | 2000 ppm | ||||
35 | 20 % B3 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -21 | -24 |
36 | 20 % B4 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -21 | -23 |
37 | 20 % B6 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -22 | -23 |
38 | 20 % B7 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -22 | -21 |
39 | 20 % B8 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -21 | -23 |
40 | 20 % B9 | 80 % A2 | -18 | -19 | -20 | |
41 | 20 % B12 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -22 | -24 |
42 | 20 % B13 | 80 % A2 | ― | -18 | -22 | -28 |
43 | 20 % B14 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -23 | -26 |
44 | 20 % B15 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -22 | -25 |
45 | 20 % B16 | 80 % A2 | ― | -18 | -23 | -26 |
46 | 10 % B11 10 % B16 | 80 % A2 | ― | -20 | -22 | -25 |
47 | 19 % B8 | 76 % A2 | 5% C1 | -19 | -23 | -25 |
48 | 19 % B8 | 76 % A2 | 5% C3 | -20 | -22 | -24 |
49 (V) | 20 % B17 | 80 % A2 | ― | -15 | -17 | -18 |
50 (V) | 20 % B18 | 80 % A2 | ― | -11 | -13 | -14 |
51 (V) | 20 % B19 | 80 % A2 | ― | -16 | -17 | -19 |
52 (V) | 20 % B20 | 80 % A2 | ― | -15 | -15 | -16 |
CFPP-Austestung in Testöl E3 | |||||
Bsp. | Kammpolymer | Ethylen-Copolymer | Polyacrylat | CFPP in Testöl E3 | |
1200 ppm | 2000 ppm | ||||
53 | 20 % B3 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -24 |
54 | 20 % B5 | 80 % A2 | ― | -15 | -14 |
55 | 20 % B8 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -24 |
56 | 20 % B10 | 80 % A2 | ― | -21 | -24 |
57 | 20 % B11 | 80 % A2 | ― | -18 | -24 |
58 | 20 % B14 | 80 % A2 | ― | -18 | -24 |
59 | 10 % B11 10 % B16 | 80 % A2 | ― | -19 | -24 |
60 | 19 % B8 | 76 % A2 | 5% C1 | -20 | -23 |
61 | 19 % B8 | 76 % A2 | 5% C3 | -18 | -26 |
62 (V) | 20 % B17 | 80 % A2 | ― | -15 | -17 |
63 (V) | 20 % B18 | 80 % A2 | ― | -15 | -14 |
64 (V) | 20 % B19 | 80 % A2 | ― | -14 | -17 |
65 (V) | 20 % B20 | 80 % A2 | ― | -14 | -17 |
66 (V) | ― | ― | C1 | -14 | -14 |
Kühlprogramm zur Bestimmung der Kältewechselbeständigkeit: | ||||
Abschnitt | Start | Ende | Dauer | Beschreibung |
A → B | +5°C | -3°C | 8 h | Vorkühlung auf Zyklus-Start-Temperatur |
B → C | -3°C | -3°C | 2 h | stationäre Temperatur, Zyklusbeginn |
C → D | -3°C | -13°C | 14 h | Temperaturabsenkung, beginnende Kristallbildung |
D → E | -13°C | - 13°C | 2 h | Stationäre Temperatur, Kristallwachstum |
E → F | -13°C | -3°C | 6 h | Temperaturerhöhung, Aufschmelzen der Kristalle |
F → B | Es werden weitere 6 Zyklen B → F durchgeführt. |
Eine Abweichung zwischen den Mittelwerten der CFPP-Werte nach der Lagerung zum CFPP-Wert vor Lagerung sowie zwischen den einzelnen Phasen von weniger als 3 K zeigt eine gute Kältewechselbeständigkeit.
Claims (13)
- Additiv, enthaltendA) ein Copolymer aus Ethylen und 8 - 21 Mol-% mindestens eines Acryl- oder Vinylesters mit einem C1-C18-Alkylrest undB) ein Kammpolymer aus mindestens einem C8-C16-Alkylester einer ethylenisch ungesättigten Dicarbonsäure und mindestens einem C10-C20-Olefin, wobei die Summe Q der molaren Mittel der C-Kettenverteilungen in den Alkylseitenketten der Olefine einerseits und den Fettalkoholen in den Estergruppen andererseits von 23 bis 27 beträgt, wobei w1 und w2 die molaren Anteile der einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylseitenketten der Olefine einerseits und den Fettalkoholen in den Estergruppen andererseits sind und n1 und n2 für die Seitenkettenlängen, bei Olefinen ohne die ursprünglich olefinisch gebundenen C-Atome, der Alkylseitenketten der Olefine einerseits und der Fettalkohole in den Estergruppen andererseits stehen, und die Laufvariablen i und j für die einzelnen Seitenkettenlängen in den Alkylseitenketten der Olefine einerseits und der Fettalkohole in den Estergruppen andererseits stehen.
- Additiv nach Anspruch 1, worin Q von 24 bis 26 beträgt.
- Additiv nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, worin in Bestandteil A außer Ethylen ad 100 Mol-% 3,5 bis 20 Mol-% Vinylacetat und 0,1 bis 12 Mol-% Neononansäurevinylester oder Neodecansäurevinylester enthalten sind, wobei der gesamte Comonomergehalt zwischen 8 und 21 Mol-% liegt.
- Additiv nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, worin in Bestandteil A neben Ethylen ad 100 Mol-% und 8 bis 18 Mol-% Vinylestern noch 0,5 bis 10 Mol-% Olefine, ausgewählt aus Propen, Buten, Isobutylen, Hexen, 4-Methylpenten, Octen, Diisobutylen oder Norbornen enthalten sind.
- Additiv nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil A ausmachen, Molekulargewichte zwischen 3.000 und 15.000 g/mol (GPC gegen Poly(styrol)) aufweisen.
- Additiv nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil A ausmachen, Verzweigungsgrade zwischen 2 und 9 CH3/100 CH2-Gruppen, die nicht aus den Comonomeren stammen, aufweisen.
- Additiv nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil B ausmachen, Comonomere enthalten, welche von Estern und Anhydriden der Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure oder Itaconsäure abgeleitet sind.
- Additiv nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil B ausmachen, Comonomere enthalten, welche von α-Olefinen abgeleitet sind.
- Additiv nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, worin neben den Bestandteilen A und B als Bestandteil C ein Polymer oder Copolymer, welches (C10-C24-Alkyl)acrylateinheiten oder -methacrylateinheiten umfasst, mit einem Molekulargewicht von 800 bis 1.000.000 g/mol in einer Menge von bis zu 40 Gew.-% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht von A, B und C enthalten ist.
- Additiv nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, enthaltend polare stickstoffhaltige Paraffindispergatoren.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung, enthaltend ein Brennstofföl tierischen oder pflanzlichen Ursprungs und ein Additiv gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.
- Verwendung eines Additivs gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 zur Verbesserung der Kaltfließeigenschaften von Brennstoffölen tierischen oder pflanzlichen Ursprungs.
- Verwendung eines Additivs gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 zur Verbesserung der Kaltfließeigenschaften von Brennstoffölen, die Mischungen aus Biobrennstoffen und Mitteldestillaten enthalten.
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DE10230771 | 2002-07-09 | ||
DE10230771 | 2002-07-09 |
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EP1380635B1 EP1380635B1 (de) | 2013-01-23 |
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EP (1) | EP1380635B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4768956B2 (de) |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1526168A2 (de) | 2003-10-25 | 2005-04-27 | Clariant GmbH | Kaltfliessverbesserer für Brennstofföle pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs |
EP1541664A1 (de) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-15 | Clariant GmbH | Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften |
EP1541663A1 (de) | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-15 | Clariant GmbH | Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften |
EP1857530A1 (de) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-21 | Clariant International Ltd. | Zusammensetzung von Brennstoffölen |
EP1491614B1 (de) * | 2003-06-23 | 2012-04-04 | Infineum International Limited | Ölzusammensetzungen |
US9133409B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2015-09-15 | Arizona Chemical Company, Llc | Compositions containing fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof and a low temperature stabilizer |
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- 2003-06-11 US US10/458,961 patent/US7041738B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1491614B1 (de) * | 2003-06-23 | 2012-04-04 | Infineum International Limited | Ölzusammensetzungen |
EP1526168A2 (de) | 2003-10-25 | 2005-04-27 | Clariant GmbH | Kaltfliessverbesserer für Brennstofföle pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs |
EP1526168A3 (de) * | 2003-10-25 | 2005-05-11 | Clariant GmbH | Kaltfliessverbesserer für Brennstofföle pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs |
EP1541664A1 (de) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-15 | Clariant GmbH | Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften |
EP1541663A1 (de) | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-15 | Clariant GmbH | Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften |
US9133409B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2015-09-15 | Arizona Chemical Company, Llc | Compositions containing fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof and a low temperature stabilizer |
US9212332B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2015-12-15 | Arizona Chemical Company, Llc | Compositions containing fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof and a low temperature stabilizer |
EP1857530A1 (de) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-21 | Clariant International Ltd. | Zusammensetzung von Brennstoffölen |
WO2019133659A1 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-04 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Cloud point depressant for middle distillate fuels |
US10941366B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2021-03-09 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Cloud point depressant for middle distillate fuels |
US11118126B2 (en) | 2018-07-11 | 2021-09-14 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Cold flow additive for middle distillate fuels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004043799A (ja) | 2004-02-12 |
JP4768956B2 (ja) | 2011-09-07 |
CA2431746A1 (en) | 2004-01-09 |
EP1380635B1 (de) | 2013-01-23 |
EP1380635A3 (de) | 2004-03-10 |
ES2399626T3 (es) | 2013-04-02 |
US20040010072A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
KR100990625B1 (ko) | 2010-10-29 |
CA2431746C (en) | 2011-11-01 |
US7041738B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 |
KR20040005587A (ko) | 2004-01-16 |
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