EP1576603B1 - Write-once read-many information recording medium and method and apparatus for information recording and reproduction - Google Patents
Write-once read-many information recording medium and method and apparatus for information recording and reproduction Download PDFInfo
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- EP1576603B1 EP1576603B1 EP03778935.1A EP03778935A EP1576603B1 EP 1576603 B1 EP1576603 B1 EP 1576603B1 EP 03778935 A EP03778935 A EP 03778935A EP 1576603 B1 EP1576603 B1 EP 1576603B1
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- Prior art keywords
- information
- defect management
- defect
- working area
- recorded
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B20/1883—Methods for assignment of alternate areas for defective areas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/12—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/12—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers
- G11B20/1217—Formatting, e.g. arrangement of data block or words on the record carriers on discs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B27/00—Editing; Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Monitoring; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/10—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel
- G11B27/19—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier
- G11B27/28—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording
- G11B27/32—Indexing; Addressing; Timing or synchronising; Measuring tape travel by using information detectable on the record carrier by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording on separate auxiliary tracks of the same or an auxiliary record carrier
- G11B27/327—Table of contents
- G11B27/329—Table of contents on a disc [VTOC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B2020/10861—Finalising a record carrier after a recording operation, e.g. to ensure compatibility with a ROM medium
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B20/1816—Testing
- G11B2020/1826—Testing wherein a defect list or error map is generated
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
- G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
- G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
- G11B2020/1873—Temporary defect structures for write-once discs, e.g. TDDS, TDMA or TDFL
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
- G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers
- G11B2220/21—Disc-shaped record carriers characterised in that the disc is of read-only, rewritable, or recordable type
- G11B2220/215—Recordable discs
- G11B2220/218—Write-once discs
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
- Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
- Management Or Editing Of Information On Record Carriers (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a write-once read-many information recording medium, an information recording method for recording information onto the write-once read-many information recording medium, an information reproduction method for reproducing information from the write-once read-many information recording medium, an information recording apparatus for recording information onto the write-once read-many information recording medium, and an information reproduction apparatus for reproducing information from the write-once read-many information recording medium.
- Recently, large-capacity exchangeable information recording media, and disc drive apparatuses which handle large-capacity exchangeable information recording media, are widely used. As large-capacity exchangeable information recording media, optical discs (e.g., DVDs, etc.) are well known.
- In optical disc drive apparatuses, information is recorded onto an optical disc by forming small pits thereon using laser light. Therefore, optical disc drive apparatuses are capable of recording large-capacity exchangeable information. Optical discs have a disadvantage of exchangeable information recording media that the recording surface is likely to suffer from defects, such as dust, scratches, or the like.
- To cope with this problem, optical disc drive apparatuses have to perform defect management in order to secure the reliability of recorded or reproduced data.
- In a conventional defect management technique, two defect management areas (DMA) are allocated at predetermined positions in each of the inner and outer peripheries of a rewritable optical disc (i.e., a total of four DMAs are provided). If defect management information is updated, new defect management information is rewritten into these defect management areas (e.g., Japanese Laid-Open Publication No.
5-006626 -
Figure 23 shows the data structure of a conventional rewritableoptical disc 400. - A
data area 5 contains auser data area 16 for recording/reproducing user data, and aspare area 17 for providing a block (hereinafter also referred to as "replacement block") which replaces a defect block present in theuser data area 16. Thespare area 17 is provided in advance. - A lead-in
area 4 and a lead-out area 6 each contain defect management areas for recording information about a defect block present in thedata area 5. The lead-inarea 4 contains a first defect management area 10 (hereinafter also referred to as "DMA41") and a second defect management area 11 (hereinafter also referred to as "DMA2"). The lead-out area 6 contains a third defect management area 12 (hereinafter also referred to as "DMA3") and a fourth defect management area 13 (hereinafter also referred to as "DMA4"). - Each of the DMA1 to the DMA4 has a predetermined position and a fixed length. Management information provided in each of the DMA1 to the DMA4 has a length which varies depending on the number of defect blocks, i.e., a variable length. Note that all of the DMA1 to the DMA4 have the same information, i.e., a multiple of pieces of the same information are stored on a disc. This is because defects may occur in the DMA1 to the DMA4 themselves. For example, if information cannot be reproduced from a DMA but information can be reproduced from any one of the DMA1 to the DMA4, the defect management information can be obtained.
- The DMA1 to the DMA4 each contain a disc definition structure (hereinafter also referred to as "DDS") 14 and a defect list (hereinafter also referred to as "DFL") 15, where the
DDS 14 precedes theDFL 15. - The DFL 15 contains a
defect list header 32 and M defect entries 33 (M: an integer of 0 or more). - The
defect list header 32 contains the number of thedefect entries 33 contained in aDFL 15 and the like. Thedefect list header 32 is located at a predetermined position in the DFL 15 (e.g., the beginning of the DFL 15). - The
defect entry 33 contains positional information about a defect block detected in thedata area 5; replacement block positional information about a spare area which replaces the defect block; and the like. - The
DDS 14 contains defect list beginning positional information indicating the position of theDFL 15, and the like. - The DMA1 to the DMA4 contained in the rewritable
optical disc 400 are rewritable. Therefore, every time defect management information is updated, latest defect management information can be written over the DMA1 to the DMA4, i.e., updates can be performed. Thus, latest defect management information can be consistently recorded in the DMA1 to the DMA4 at the fixed positions. -
Figure 24 shows the structure of a conventional rewritable optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus 200. - The optical disc recording/
reproduction apparatus 200 is connected via an I/O bus 170 to a higher level control apparatus (not shown). The higher level control apparatus is typically a host computer. - The optical disc recording/
reproduction apparatus 200 comprises: acommand processing section 110 for processing a command from the higher level control apparatus; arecording control section 120 for controlling recording of an optical disc; areproduction control section 130 for controlling reproduction of an optical disc; a defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 for storing contents reproduced from any one of the DMA1 to the DMA4; adata buffer 150 for temporarily storing recorded data and reproduced data; and a defect managementinformation processing section 180 for performing processing relating to defect management information. - The defect management
information processing section 180 comprises: a defect managementinformation reading section 161 for detecting a normal defect management area from the DMA1 to the DMA4 and reading and transferring contents from the normal defect management area to the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140; a defect managementinformation updating section 164 for, when defect block information has been changed, updating the contents of the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 to create new defect information; a defect managementinformation writing section 162 for writing the contents updated by the defect managementinformation updating section 164 to the DMA1 to the DMA4; and a defect managementinformation control memory 163 for storing an operational control state of the defect managementinformation processing section 180. - However, information can be recorded into the DMA1 to the DMA4 of a write-once read-many information recording medium (write-once read-many optical disc) only once. Therefore, in the case of write-once read-many information recording media, it is not possible that latest defect management information is consistently recorded at a predetermined position in the DMA1 to the DMA4 as in rewritable information recording media (rewritable optical discs). Therefore, recording/reproduction apparatuses for rewritable information recording media cannot perform recording/reproduction on write-once read-many information recording media capable of defect management.
- The present invention is provided to solve the above-described problems. An object of the present invention is to provide a write-once read-many information recording medium on which recording/reproduction can be performed by a recording/reproduction apparatus for rewritable information recording media; an information recording method for recording information onto the write-once read-many information recording medium; an information reproduction method for reproducing information from the write-once read-many information recording medium; an information recording apparatus for recording information onto the write-once read-many information recording medium; and an information reproduction apparatus for reproducing information from the write-once read-many information recording medium.
- The present invention relates to a write-once read-many information recording medium according to
claim 1. - According to another aspect of the present invention, an information recording method for recording information onto a write-once read-many information recording medium according to
claim 1, is provided. - According to another aspect of the present invention, an information reproduction method for reproducing information from a write-once read-many information recording medium according to
claim 1, is provided. - According to another aspect of the present invention, an information recording apparatus for recording information onto a write-once read-many information recording medium according to
claim 1, is provided. - According to another aspect of the present invention, an information reproduction apparatus for reproducing information from a write-once read-many information recording medium according to
claim 1, is provided. -
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Figure 1 is a diagram showing an arrangement of areas in a write-once read-many optical disc according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Figure 2 is a diagram showing a data structure of a write-once read-many optical disc according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Figure 3 is a diagram showing data structures of a DDS and a defect list. -
Figure 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Figure 5 is a flowchart of a procedure for obtaining the latest defect list and the latest DDS from a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area in a write-once read-many optical disc according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Figure 6 is a diagram showing a process for searching for a recording end position. -
Figure 7 is a flowchart showing a procedure for searching for a recording end position. -
Figure 8 is a diagram showing a state in which a defect list and a DDS are additionally recorded into a DMWA contained in a temporary defect management area. -
Figure 9 is a flowchart of a procedure for additionally recording a defect list and a DDS into a defect management working area of a write-once read-many optical disc according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Figure 10 is a flowchart of a procedure for additionally recording a new defect list and DDS into a defect management working area while determining whether or not the defect list and the DDS have been normally recorded. -
Figure 11 is a diagram showing a state in which a defect list and a DDS are additionally recorded into a defect management working area in accordance with the procedure described with reference toFigure 10 . -
Figure 12 is a diagram showing a data structure of another write-once read-many optical disc according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Figure 13 is a flowchart of a procedure for finalization according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Figure 14 is a diagram showing data structures of a rewritable optical disc and a write-once read-many optical disc after finalization for comparison. -
Figure 15 is a flowchart of another finalization procedure according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Figure 16 is a flowchart of a finalization determination procedure for determining whether or not a write-once read-many optical disc is already finalized. -
Figure 17 is a flowchart of another finalization determination procedure for determining whether or not a write-once read-many optical disc is already finalized. -
Figure 18 is a diagram showing a data structure of a DMWA according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention. -
Figure 19 is a diagram showing a structure of a SDDS. -
Figure 20 is a flowchart of a procedure for obtaining a SDDS and a SDFL from the latest recorded defect management working area among defect management working areas contained in a temporary defect management area. -
Figure 21 is a flowchart showing a procedure for additionally recording a SDFL and a SDDS into a defect management working area in a write-once read-many optical disc according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention. -
Figure 22 is a diagram showing an exemplary defect management working area in which a space bit map information and a defect list are provided as child information. -
Figure 23 is a diagram showing the data structure of a conventional rewritable optical disc. -
Figure 24 is a diagram showing the structure of an optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus which can handle the conventional rewritable optical disc ofFigure 23 . - Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of illustrative embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- In the embodiments below, a write-once read-many information recording medium (hereinafter also referred to as "write-once read-many optical disc") is employed.
-
Figure 1 shows an arrangement of areas in a write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. A number oftracks 2 are spirally formed on the disc-like write-once read-manyoptical disc 1. Eachtrack 2 is subdivided into a number ofblocks 3. Ablock 3 is a unit for error correction, which is a minimum unit for recording or reproduction operations. For example, in the case of DVD-RAM using red laser the size of ablock 3 is 1 ECC (32 KBytes) while in the case of large-capacity BD-RE using blue laser the size of ablock 3 is 1 cluster (64 KBytes). - A lead-in
area 4, adata area 5, and a lead-outarea 6 are allocated on the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1. User data is recorded into or reproduced from thedata area 5. The lead-inarea 4 and the lead-outarea 6 function as a margin with which even if an optical head (not shown) accesses but overruns an end of thedata area 5, the optical head can follow a designated track. -
Figure 2 shows a data structure of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. - Areas on the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 are roughly divided into the lead-inarea 4, thedata area 5 and the lead-outarea 6. - The lead-in
area 4 contains a first defect management area 10 (hereinafter also referred to as "DMA1") and a second defect management area 11 (hereinafter also referred to as "DMA2"), and a temporarydefect management area 20. - The DMA1 and the DMA2 are used for management of information or the like in defect blocks of the
data area 5. - The
data area 5 is used for recording of data, containing auser data area 16 and aspare area 17. - The
user data area 16 is a write-once read-many area into which any information, such as real time data (e.g., music, video, etc.), computer data (e.g., documents, databases, etc.), or the like, can be recorded by the user. - The
spare area 17 is a replacement area for thedata area 5. For example, when a defect block is detected in theuser data area 16, data is recorded into a replacement area instead of the defect block. In the data structure of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 ofFigure 2 , aspare area 17 is provided in each of the inner (i.e., closer to the lead-in area 4) and outer (i.e., closer to the lead-out area 6) peripheries of thedata area 5. However, the number ofspare areas 17 or the positions ofspare areas 17 may be arbitrarily determined but not limited to the number of spare areas or the positions of spare areas shown inFigure 2 . - The lead-out
area 6 contains a third defect management area 12 (hereinafter also referred to as "DMA3") and a fourth defect management area 13 (hereinafter also referred to as "DMA4"). - The DMA3 and the DMA4 are areas for managing information about a defect block in the
data area 5 or the like. - Each of the DMA1 to the DMA4 has a predetermined position and a fixed length. Management information provided in each of the DMA1 to the DMA4 has a variable length which varies depending on the number of defect blocks.
- Each of the DMA1 to the DMA4 contains a disc definition structure (hereinafter also referred to as "DDS") 14 and a defect list (hereinafter also referred to as "DFL") 15, where the
DDS 14 precedes theDFL 15. - The temporary
defect management area 20 contains N defect management working areas (hereinafter also referred to as "DMWA") 21, where N is an integer of 1 or more. - The defect
management working area 21 is used for temporarily recording defect management information which has been updated before the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 is finalized. The defectmanagement working area 21 contains aDDS 14 and adefect list 15, where thedefect list 15 precedes theDDS 14. The defectmanagement working area 21 contains at least one block. A block is a unit for recording/reproducing data. - As used herein, the term "finalize a write-once read-many optical disc" means that the state of a write-once read-many optical disc is changed from a write-once read-many state to a non-write-once read-many state. For example, by recording the contents of the latest defect
management working area 21 to the DMA1 to the DMA4, a data structure of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 can be changed to a data structure which is compatible with a data structure of a rewritable optical disc, i.e., the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 is changed from a write-once read-many state to a non-write-once read-many state. Finalization will be described in detail below. - At least one defect management working area 21 (
DMWA# 1 to DMWA#N (N: an integer of 1 or more)) is sequentially allocated from the beginning toward the end of the temporary defect management area 20 (i.e., in the direction of from the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the write-once read-many optical disc 1). Defect information is recorded sequentially from a defectmanagement working area 21 at the beginning of the temporary defect management area 20 (closer to the inner periphery of the write-once read-many optical disc 1). In each defectmanagement working area 21, adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are provided in the direction from the beginning to the end of the temporary defect management area 20 (the direction from the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the write-once read-many optical disc 1), where thedefect list 15 precedes theDDS 14. In other words, aDDS 14 and adefect list 15 are provided in each defectmanagement working area 21 in reverse order with respect to each of the DMA1 to the DMA4. - Note that the temporary
defect management area 20 containing defectmanagement working areas 21 may not be necessarily contained in the lead-inarea 4. The temporarydefect management area 20 may be contained in, for example, the lead-outarea 6 or thespare area 17 excluding theuser data area 16. - For example, a
DDS 14 is located in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area. TheDDS 14 is located at a predetermined position in a recorded defect management working area neighboring the border, and the predetermined position can be calculated based on the border. InEmbodiment 1 of the present invention, it is assumed that aDDS 14 is located at the end of a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area. - Note that the position of a
DDS 14 is not limited to the end of a defect management working area. ADDS 14 may be located at a predetermined position which can be calculated from a reference, i.e., the end (border) of a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area. -
Figure 3 shows data structures of aDDS 14 and adefect list 15. - A
DDS 14 contains positional information about adefect list 15. For example, theDDS 14 contains a defect list beginningpositional information 30 indicating a beginning position at which thedefect list 15 is located andother information 31. For example, the defect list beginningpositional information 30 is herein a sector address which is positional information about a sector (1 sector has a size of 2 KBytes) which is the smallest addressable unit. - A
DDS 14 has a fixed length which is, for example, the size of 1 block. InEmbodiment 1 of the present invention, it is assumed that aDDS 14 has a size of 1 block. Note that aDDS 14 may not necessarily have a fixed length if the position of information indicating the position of a defect list 15 (i.e., the defect list beginning positional information 30) can be calculated based on a reference, i.e., a border between a recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area. This is because the positions of defect lists can be calculated from the border as a reference. - A
defect list 15 contains adefect list header 32 and M defect entries 33 (M: an integer of 0 or more). - The
defect list 15 may further contain information indicating an anchor indicating the end of defect management information in addition to thedefect list header 32 and thedefect entry 33. - The
defect list header 32 contains the number ofdefect entries 33 contained in a defect list, or the like. - The
defect entry 33 contains correspondence relationship information indicating a correspondence relationship between an area in a data area (replacement source) and an area in a spare area (replacement destination). Thedefect entry 33 contains, for example, positional information about a defect block detected in theuser data area 16 and replacement block positional information about thespare area 17 which contains a replacement destination of the defect block. - A
defect list 15 has a variable length which depends on the number ofdefect entries 33 registered in thedefect list 15. Specifically, the sizes of the defect management workingarea # 1 to the defect management working area #N are not necessarily the same (seeFigure 2 ). -
Figure 4 shows a configuration of an optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. - The optical disc recording/
reproduction apparatus 100 is connected via an I/O bus 170 to a higher level control apparatus (not shown). The higher level control apparatus is, for example, a host computer. - The optical disc recording/
reproduction apparatus 100 comprises: acommand processing section 110 for processing a command from the higher level control apparatus; arecording control section 120 for controlling recording of a write-once read-manyoptical disc 1; areproduction control section 130 for controlling reproduction of an optical disc; a defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 for storing contents reproduced from any one of the DMA1 to the DMA4 or contents reproduced from a defectmanagement working area 21; adata buffer 150 for temporarily storing recorded data and reproduced data; and a defect managementinformation processing section 160 for performing processing relating to defect management information. - The defect management
information processing section 160 comprises a defect managementinformation reading section 161, a defect managementinformation writing section 162, a defect managementinformation control memory 163, a defect managementinformation updating section 164, a defect management workinginformation reading section 165, and a defect management workinginformation writing section 166. - The defect management
information reading section 161 detects a normal defect management area from the DMA1 to the DMA4 and reads and transfers contents from the defect management area to the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140. - The defect management
information reading section 161 further reads out data from one of a plurality of defect management areas allocated on the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1, determines whether or not the defect management area has been recorded, and based on the result of determination, determines whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has been changed from a write-once read-many state to a non-write-once read-many state. - For example, the defect management
information reading section 161 reads out data from at least one of the DMA1 to the DMA4. If the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 can be normally reproduced, it is determined that the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has been finalized. If all of the DMA1 to the DMA4 are unrecorded and data cannot be normally reproduced from these defect management areas, it is determined that the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has not been finalized. - If defect block information is changed or the like, the defect management
information updating section 164 updates the contents of the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 to create new defect management information. - The defect management
information writing section 162 writes the contents updated by the defect managementinformation updating section 164 to the DMA1 to the DMA4. In other words, the defect managementinformation writing section 162 records defect management information to the DMA1 to the DMA4 for finalization. - The defect management
information control memory 163 stores an operational control state of the defect managementinformation processing section 160. - The defect management working
information reading section 165 searches the defectmanagement working areas 21 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20 for the latest recorded defectmanagement working area 21. Contents recorded in the latest defectmanagement working area 21 are read out to the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140. - Note that the defect management
information reading section 161 reads out data from each of the DMA1 to the DMA4 and determines whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has been finalized. Alternatively, the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 can determine whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has been finalized. For example, the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 determines whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has been finalized, based on whether or not a finalization identifying flag is recorded at a predetermined position in a defectmanagement working area 21. The finalization identifying flag indicates that additional recording of data to at least one defectmanagement working area 21 is prohibited. - Note that the recording position of the finalization identifying flag is not limited to a predetermined position in a defect
management working area 21. The finalization identifying flag may be recorded at a predetermined position in the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1. - For example, the finalization identifying flag may be recorded in at least one of the
disc definition structure 14 and thedefect list 15. If the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 reads out the finalization identifying flag recorded in at least one of thedisc definition structure 14 and thedefect list 15, it is determined that the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has been finalized. - The defect management working
information writing section 166 writes contents updated by the defect managementinformation updating section 164 to an available defectmanagement working area 21. In addition, the finalization identifying flag can be written to the defectmanagement working area 21. For example, the defect management workinginformation writing section 166 records the finalization identifying flag to at least one of thedisc definition structure 14 and adefect list 15. - Hereinafter, a method for obtaining (reproducing) information recorded on the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention (the latest defect list and the latest DDS recorded in a defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area) will be described. -
Figure 5 shows a procedure for obtaining thelatest defect list 15 and thelatest DDS 14 from a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area in the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. Hereinafter, such a procedure will be described step by step with reference toFigure 5 . - Step 601: the defect management working
information reading section 165 searches for the position of a border between a recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area and obtains border positional information indicating the position of the border. - For example, the defect management working
information reading section 165 searches for the end position of recorded areas (hereinafter also referred to as "recording end position") in the temporarydefect management area 20 and stores the position of a defectmanagement working area 21 at the end position in arecording end position 40 of the defect managementinformation control memory 163. For, example, the position of a defectmanagement working area 21 is herein a sector address which is positional information about a sector located at a recording end position. After the position of the defectmanagement working area 21 at the detected recording end is stored, the process goes to step 602. Note that the search for the recording endposition will be described in detail below. - Step 602: the defect management working
information reading section 165 reproduces thelatest DDS 14 based on the border positional information, and based on thelatest DDS 14, obtains positional information about thelatest defect list 15. - For example, the defect management working
information reading section 165 reads out thelatest DDS 14 having a size of 1 block which ends at arecording end position 40 to the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 and stores the defect list beginningpositional information 30 contained in thelatest DDS 14 at a defectlist beginning position 41 in the defect managementinformation control memory 163. After thelatest DDS 14 is read out and the defect list beginningpositional information 30 is stored, the process goes to step 603. - Step 603: the
latest defect list 15 is reproduced based on positional information about thelatest defect list 15. - For example, the defect management working
information reading section 165 reads thelatest defect list 15 located whose beginning is the defectlist beginning position 41 to the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140. After thelatest defect list 15 is read out, the process is ended. - In this case, if the
recording end position 40 indicates that no temporarydefect management area 20 is recorded, reading insteps DDS 14 and adefect list 15 may be previously stored in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140. Note that the storedDDS 14 contains the defect list beginningpositional information 30 which has been initialized to a predetermined value, and in the storeddefect list 15, the number of defect entries in thedefect list header 32 has been initialized (the number of defect entries = 0), i.e., the storeddefect list 15 has nodefect entry 33. - Note that the size of a
defect list 15 to be read out may be calculated based on the number of defect entries contained in the defect list header located at the beginning of thedefect list 15, or may be calculated by subtracting the beginning position of aDDS 14 from the defect list beginning position. -
Figure 6 shows a process for searching for a recording end position.Figure 7 shows a procedure for searching for a recording end position. Searching for a recording end position means searching for the latest recorded defectmanagement working area 21. - Hereinafter, a procedure for searching for a recording end position will be described step by step with reference to
Figures 6 and7 . - Step 801: the defect management working
information reading section 165 performs first amplitude examination. The first amplitude examination is performed at regular predetermined intervals of blocks from the beginning of the temporarydefect management area 20 until no amplitude is found. After no amplitude is found, the process goes to step 802. - Step 802: the defect management working
information reading section 165 performs second amplitude examination. In the second amplitude examination, a position at which the presence of amplitude ends is searched for between the position at which amplitude was found and the position at which no amplitude was found. After a position at which no amplitude is found, the process goes to step 803. - Step 803: the defect management working
information reading section 165 obtains a recording endposition obtained by the examination (the position of a border between the latest recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area). After the recording end position is obtained, the process is ended. - With the above-described procedure, the defect management working
information reading section 165 can read out the contents of the latest recorded defectmanagement working area 21. - Note that a procedure for searching for a recording end position is not limited to the recording end position searching procedure described with reference to
Figure 7 . For example, a recording end position can be found by searching a beginning position having amplitude from the end to the beginning of the temporarydefect management area 20. - In the embodiment of
Figure 5 ,step 601 corresponds to "searching for the position of a border and obtaining border positional information indicating the position of the border". Step 602 corresponds to "reproducing latest disc definition structure based on the border positional information" and "obtaining positional information about latest disc management information based on the latest disc definition structure". Step 603 corresponds to "reproducing disc management information based on positional information about the latest disc management information" . - However, a procedure for obtaining the
latest defect list 15 and thelatest DDS 14 from a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area in the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 is not limited to the procedure ofFigure 5 . Any procedure for obtaining thelatest defect list 15 and thelatest DDS 14 from a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area in the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 can be employed as long as the procedure comprises the above-described "searching for the position of a border and obtaining border positional information indicating the position of the border", "reproducing latest disc definition structure based on the border positional information" and "obtaining positional information about latest disc management information based on the latest disc definition structure", and "reproducing disc management information based on positional information about the latest disc management information". - Hereinafter, a method for recording information (a
defect list 15 and a DDS 14) onto the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention will be described. -
Figure 8 shows a state in which adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are additionally recorded into theDMWA 21 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20. - A portion (a) of
Figure 8 shows a state in which adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are recorded into aDMWA# 1 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20 at a first time point. A portion (b) ofFigure 8 shows a state in which adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are recorded into aDMWA# 2 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20 at a second time point. A portion (c) ofFigure 8 shows a state in which adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are recorded into aDMWA# 3 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20 at a third time. - In
Figure 8 , filled DMWAs indicate recorded DMWAs in which adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 have been recorded, while open DMWAs indicate unrecorded DMWAs in which thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 have not been recorded. - A
new defect list 15 andDDS 14 are additionally recorded into an unrecorded DMWA which is located at the beginning of a plurality of unrecorded DMWAs. Inotherwords, anew defect list 15 andDDS 14 are additionally recorded to an unrecorded DMWA neighboring a border between the unrecorded DMWA and a recorded DMWA. - Therefore, the
latest defect list 15 andDDS 14 are located in a recorded DMWA neighboring the end of a plurality of recorded DMWAs. In other words, thelatest defect list 15 andDDS 14 are located in a recorded DMWA neighboring a border between an unrecorded DMWA and the recorded DMWA. -
Figure 9 shows a procedure for additionally recording adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 into a defectmanagement working area 21 of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. - The defect management working
information writing section 166 additionally records anew defect list 15 andDDS 14 into a defectmanagement working area 21. - In this case, the
defect list 15 stored in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 is permitted by the defect managementinformation updating section 164 to retain the latest contents. - Specifically, for example, when a new defect block is detected, the defect management
information updating section 164 adds a defect entry corresponding to a new replacement block (i.e., a new defect block) to adefect list 15 stored in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140, and sorts defect entries based on positional information about defect blocks, which are contained in the defect entries. Further, the defect managementinformation updating section 164 adds one to the number of defect entries in the defect list header. - Hereinafter, a procedure for additionally recording a
defect list 15 and aDDS 14 to a defectmanagement working area 21 in the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention will be described step by step with reference toFigure 9 . - Step 901: the defect management
information updating section 164 selects an unrecorded defect management working area neighboring a border between a recorded defect management working area and the unrecorded defect management working area. - For example, the defect management
information updating section 164 adds to one arecording end position 40 in the defect managementinformation control memory 163 and updates aDDS 14 contained in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 at the resultantrecording end position 40, so that an unrecorded defect management working area is selected which is located at the beginning of a plurality of unrecorded defect management working areas. In other words, by updating aDDS 14 so that defect list beginningpositional information 30 indicates the beginning position of an unrecorded defect management working area, an unrecorded defect management working area located at the beginning of a plurality of unrecorded defect management working areas is selected. After theDDS 14 is updated, the process goes to step 902. - Step 902: the defect management working
information writing section 166 records adefect list 15, which is management information about the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1, into an unrecorded defect management working area neighboring a border and records aDDS 14 containing positional information about the recordeddefect list 15 into the unrecorded defect management working area neighboring the border. - For example, the defect management working
information writing section 166 records an updateddefect list 15 contained in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 to the beginning position of an unrecorded area and records an updatedDDS 14 in such a manner as to follow thedefect list 15. After thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 are recorded, the process is ended. - With the above-described procedure, the defect management working
information writing section 166 records thelatest defect list 15 andDDS 14 to a defectmanagement working area 21 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20. - Note that updating a
defect list 15 using the defect managementinformation updating section 164 is only illustrative. It may be only required that adefect list 15 contains information about defect(s). For example, sorting defect entries may not be required. - Note that a
defect list 15 and aDDS 14 may be recorded into a defectmanagement working area 21 of the temporarydefect management area 20 at any timing as long as thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 are recorded in such a manner that allows theDDS 14 to be necessarily located at the end of a recorded defect management working area when the state of an apparatus and the state of a medium are changed. The state of an apparatus and the state of a medium are changed, means, for example, that a write-once read-many optical disc is ejected from the optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus 100 or that the optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus 100 is switched off. - Note that when a
defect list 15 and aDDS 14 are recorded into a defect management working area, it may be determined whether or not thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 have been normally recorded. -
Figure 10 shows a procedure for additionally recording anew defect list 15 andDDS 14 into a defectmanagement working area 21 while determining whether or not thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 have been normally recorded. - It is now assumed that the contents of a
defect list 15 stored in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 is permitted by the defect managementinformation updating section 164 to retain the latest contents. - Hereinafter, a procedure for additionally recording a
new defect list 15 andDDS 14 into a defectmanagement working area 21 while determining whether or not thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 have been normally recorded will be described step by step with reference toFigure 10 . - Step 1101: the defect management
information updating section 164 updates aDDS 14 contained in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 at therecording end position 40 contained in the defect managementinformation control memory 163, to which one has been added. In other words, theDDS 14 is updated in such a manner that the defect list beginningpositional information 30 indicates the beginning position of an unrecorded defect management working area. After theDDS 14 is updated, the process goes to step 1102. - Step 1102: the defect management working
information writing section 166 records an updateddefect list 15 contained in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 to the beginning position of an unrecorded defect management working area. After recording, the process goes to step 1103. - Step 1103: it is determined whether or not the
defect list 15 has been normally recorded. - In this case, whether or not the
defect list 15 has been normally recorded is performed by, for example, performing error correction for a block in which thedefect list 15 is recorded or reading recorded data and determining whether or not the recorded data matches intended data. - When it is determined that the
defect list 15 has not been normally recorded (i.e., recording of thedefect list 15 has failed), the process goes to step 1101. Instep 1101, therecording end position 40 is changed by adding the size of a defect list which has been previously recorded. In addition, theDDS 14 contained in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 is updated so that a position obtained by adds to one therecording end position 40 is contained in the defect list beginningpositional information 30. - When it is determined that the
defect list 15 has been normally recorded (i.e., recording of thedefect list 15 has been successful), the process goes to step 1104. - Step 1104: the updated
DDS 14 is recorded. After theDDS 14 is recorded, the process goes to step 1105. - Step 1105: it is determined whether or not the
DDS 14 has been normally recorded. - When it is determined that the
DDS 14 has not been normally recorded (i.e., recording of theDDS 14 has failed), the process goes to step 1104. - When it is determined that the
DDS 14 has been normally recorded (i.e., recording of theDDS 14 has been successful), the process is ended. -
Step 1102 andstep 1103 are repeated until thedefect list 15 has been normally recorded.Step 1104 andstep 1105 are repeated until theDDS 14 has been normally recorded. - With the above-described procedure, the defect management working
area updating section 165 additionally records anew defect list 15 andDDS 14 into a defectmanagement working area 21 while determining whether or not thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 have been normally recorded. - Note that
step 1101 andstep 1102 may be performed in reverse order. Specifically, after adefect list 15 is recorded and it is confirmed that the recording has been normally achieved, aDDS 14 containing defect list beginningpositional information 30 is recorded into a defectmanagement working area 21 in which thedefect list 15 has been recorded. - Note that although a
defect list 15 and aDDS 14 are located in different blocks among a plurality of blocks in the procedure described inFigure 10 , both adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 may share at least one block among a plurality of blocks. - If both a
defect list 15 and aDDS 14 may share at least one block among a plurality of blocks, after adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are recorded in a block shared by thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14, it is determined whether or not the recording has been normally achieved. If the recording has failed, positional information is changed so that a position for a next recording corresponds to the defect list beginningpositional information 30 of aDDS 14, and adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are recorded again in a block shared by thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14. Recording of adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 is repeatedly attempted until thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 are normally recorded. - Therefore, the data reliability of a
defect list 15 and aDDS 14 recorded in a defectmanagement working area 21 can be improved. -
Figure 11 shows a state in which adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are additionally recorded into a defectmanagement working area 21 in accordance with the procedure described with reference toFigure 10 . - A portion (a) of
Figure 11 shows a state in which a defect block is present in a defect management working area #1 (DMWA#1), and therefore, first recording of adefect list 15 to the DMWA#L has failed. Subsequently, recording of thedefect list 15 is attempted. If recording of thedefect list 15 is successful, aDDS 14 is recorded following thedefect list 15. - A portion (b) of
Figure 11 shows a state in which no defect block is present in aDMWA# 2. - As described above, even if a defect block is present in a defect
management working area 21 and therefore recording of adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 fails, recording of thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 is repeatedly attempted until thedefect list 15 and theDDS 14 are normally recorded. Thereby, recording of adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are appropriately performed. - In the embodiment of
Figure 9 ,step 901 corresponds to "selecting an unrecorded disc management working area neighboring a border between a recorded disc management working area and the unrecorded disc management working area";step 902 corresponds to "recording disc management information, which is management information about a write-once read-many information recording medium, into to the unrecorded disc management working area neighboring the border" and "recording a disc definition structure containing positional information about disc management information defined in the above-described recording step into the unrecorded disc management working area neighboring the border". - However, a procedure for additionally recording a defect list and a DDS into a defect
management working area 21 of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention is not limited to that ofFigure 9 . Any procedure for additionally recording a defect list and a DDS into a defectmanagement working area 21 of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention may be employed as long as the procedure has functions of "selecting an unrecorded disc management working area neighboring a border between a recorded disc management working area and the unrecorded disc management working area"; "recording disc management information, which is management information about a write-once read-many information recording medium, into to the unrecorded disc management working area neighboring the border" and "recording a disc definition structure containing positional information about disc management information defined in the above-described recording step into the unrecorded disc management working area neighboring the border". -
Figure 12 shows a data structure of another write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. - In the other write-once read-many
optical disc 1 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention, at least one defect management working area 21 (DMWA# 1 to DMWA#N (N: an integer of 1 or more)) is allocated in a direction from the end to the beginning of a temporary defect management area 20 (in a direction from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the write-once read-many optical disc 1). ADDS 14 and adefect list 15 are recorded sequentially from a defectmanagement working area 21 at the end of the temporary defect management area 20 (closer to the outer periphery of the write-once read-many optical disc 1). - A
DDS 14 and adefect list 15 are provided in a defectmanagement working area 21 in the same order as that of aDDS 14 and adefect list 15 provided in each of a DMA1 to a DMA4. In a defectmanagement working area 21, adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 are located in this order along a direction from the end to the beginning of the temporary defect management area 20 (i.e., in a direction from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the write-once read-many optical disc 1). - A
DDS 14 is located in, for example, a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area. TheDDS 14 is located at a predetermined position which is calculated based on the beginning of the recorded defect management working area neighboring the border. - In the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 ofFigure 12 , when searching for the latest recorded defectmanagement working area 21, the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 of the optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus 100 searches for the beginning positions of recorded areas (hereinafter also referred to as "recording beginning position") in the temporarydefect management area 20 and determines that a defectmanagement working area 21 located at the recording beginning position is the latest recorded defectmanagement working area 21. In other words, inFigure 6 , a recording beginning position is searched for where a recorded area is replaced with an unrecorded area. In the defect management workinginformation writing section 166, an unrecorded defect management working area, which is closer to the inner periphery than a recorded beginning area in the temporarydefect management area 20, is regarded as an available defectmanagement working area 21. - In the write-once read-many information recording medium of the present invention, at least one defect management working area is sequentially allocated in a predetermined direction. The latest defect list and the latest DDS are provided in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area, wherein the latest defect list and the latest DDS are arranged in this order along the predetermined direction. Therefore, it is easy to find the latest DDS and the latest defect list.
- Hereinafter, an effect of the above-described write-once read-many information recording medium of the present invention, in which the predetermined direction is a direction from the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the write-once read-many
optical disc 1, will be described in detail. - It is now assumed that the
latest DFL 15 and thelatest DDS 14 are arranged in a defectmanagement working area 21 in this order along the direction from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 as with thelatest DFL 15 and thelatest DDS 14 in the DMA1 to the DMA4. - It is possible to search for a recording end position in the temporary defect management area 20 (
Figure 8 ). However, the size of aDFL 15 varies depending on the number of defect entries. Therefore, it is not possible to calculate the beginning position of aDFL 15 from the end position. - In order to obtain the
latest DFL 15 in the above-described data structure, the beginning position of aDFL 15 is calculated from aDDS 14 located at the beginning of the temporarydefect management area 20, and the size of theDFL 15 is calculated from the number of defect entries contained in theDFL 15 to determine the position of thenext DDS 14. The beginning position of aDFL 15 is calculated from thisDDS 14,···. In this manner, the temporarydefect management area 20 is tracked sequentially. In the data structure in which aDDS 14 precedes aDFL 15, a long time is disadvantageously required. Moreover, if a block from which data cannot be reproduced is present in aDDS 14 and aDFL 15, a search for thelatest DFL 15 is hindered, so that the reliability is disadvantageously lowered. - If a
DFL 15 has a fixed length, the problem with the search for thelatest DDS 14 and thelatest DFL 15 can be avoided. In this case, however, the number of times of additionally recording data into a temporarydefect management area 20 is reduced or a larger size of temporarydefect management area 20 is required, leading to a reduction in the efficiency of use of areas. - In the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 ofEmbodiment 1, at least one defectmanagement working area 21 is allocated in a predetermined direction; thelatest DFL 14 and thelatest DDS 15 are arranged in this order along the predetermined direction and located in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area; if aDDS 14 is located at a predetermined position which can be calculated based on the border, aDFL 15 having a variable size can be utilized, resulting in a high efficiency of use of a defectmanagement working area 21; and the recording position of thelatest DFL 15 is recorded in aDDS 14 in a defectmanagement working area 21 at the recording end position in the temporary defect management area 20 (i.e., a recorded defect management working area neighboring the border). Therefore, the above-described problems can be solved. - In the write-once read-many optical disc of the present invention, at least one defect management working area is allocated in a predetermined direction; the latest DFL and the latest DDS are arranged in this order along the predetermined direction and located in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area; and a DDS is located at a predetermined position which can be calculated based on the border. Therefore, it is possible to easily find the latest DDS and the latest defect list.
-
Figure 13 shows a procedure for finalization according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. By recording adefect list 15 and aDDS 14 into each of the DMA1 to the DMA4 of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 of the present invention, the finalization ofEmbodiment 1 of the present invention is performed. - Here, the contents of a
defect list 15 stored in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 are permitted by the defect managementinformation updating section 164 to retain the latest contents. - Hereinafter, the finalization procedure according to
Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described step by step with reference toFigure 13 . - Step 1001: recording of a
defect list 15 and aDDS 14 into one (e.g., DMA1) of the DMA1 to the DMA4 is started. - Step 1002: the defect management
information updating section 164 changes thelatest DDS 14 to thelast DDS 14 by changing positional information indicating the position of a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border to positional information indicating the position of one of at least one defect management area. For example, the defect managementinformation updating section 164 changes thelatest DDS 14 to thelast DDS 14 by changing the defect list beginningpositional information 30 of aDDS 14 in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 to the defect list beginning positional information of the defect management area (DMA1) to be recorded. After the defect list beginningpositional information 30 is changed, the process goes to step 1003. - Step 1003: the defect management
information writing section 162 records thelast defect list 15 into one of at least one defect management areas. For example, the defect managementinformation writing section 162 records to the DMA1 adefect list 15 in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140. After thedefect list 15 is recorded, the process goes to step 1004. - Step 1004: the defect management
information writing section 162 records thelast DDS 14 into one of at least one defect management areas based on thelast defect list 15. For example, the defect managementinformation writing section 162 records to the DMA1 aDDS 14 in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140. After theDDS 14 is recorded, the process goes to step 1005. - Step 1005: recording of a
defect list 15 and aDDS 14 into one (DMA1) of the DMA1 to the DMA4 is completed. After recording is completed, the process goes to step 1001. -
Step 1002 to step 1004 are performed for all of the remaining defect management areas (i.e., the DMA2 to the DMA4). - After recording of a
defect list 15 and aDDS 14 into the DMA1 to the DMA4 is completed, finalization is completed. - Note that in
step 1001 to step 1005, thelast defect list 15 is thelatest defect list 15 located in at least one defect management area, and the lastdisc definition structure 14 is adisc definition structure 14 containing positional information about thelast defect list 15. Thelatest defect list 15 is generally adefect list 15 which is recorded in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area. The latestdisc definition structure 14 is generally adisc definition structure 14 which contains positional information about thelast defect list 15. - With the above-described procedure, the defect management
information processing section 160 can record thelast DDS 14 and thelast defect list 15 into the DMA1 to the DMA4 for finalization. -
Figure 14 shows data structures of a rewritableoptical disc 400 and a write-once read-many optical disc after finalization for comparison. - By performing the finalization procedure of
Figure 13 , the data structure of the DMA1 to the DMA4 provided in a write-once read-many optical disc after finalization is the same as the data structure of the DMA1 to the DMA4 provided in the rewritableoptical disc 400. Thus, data can be reproduced from the finalizedwrite-once read-many optical disc by the rewritable optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus 200 ofFigure 24 , resulting in a compatible optical disc for reproduction. - Note that generally, in finalization, information having the same contents as those of a
defect list 15 recorded in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area is recorded in a defect management working area. Therefore, in an apparatus capable of handling the data structure of the write-once read-many optical disc of the present invention, if the contents of the latest defectmanagement working area 21 can be obtained, it is not necessary to obtain the contents of the DMA1 to the DMA4, so that a time required for obtaining defect management information can be reduced. Even when recording of aDDS 14 and adefect list 15 into the DMA1 to the DMA4 is totally failed, data can be reproduced from the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 by obtaining aDDS 14 and adefect list 15 from the latest defectmanagement working area 21. - Thus, according to the finalization of the present invention, the data structure of a finalized write-once read-many optical disc is the same as the data structure of a rewritable optical disc. As a result, a rewritable optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus can reproduce data from a finalized write-once read-many optical disc, thereby obtaining compatibility.
- In the example of
Figure 13 , the defect managementinformation writing section 162 functions as "a section for recording the last disc management information into at least one disc management area" and "a section for recording the last disc definition structure into at least one disc management area based on the last disc management information". However, the defect managementinformation writing section 162 only shows an exemplary portion of the function of the present invention. A section having any constitution may be employed as long as the above-described function can be achieved. - Note that the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 can be finalized by recording a finalization identifying flag onto the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1. - For example, the defect management working
information writing section 166 records the finalization identifying flag into at least one of adisc definition structure 14 and adefect list 15. -
Figure 15 shows another finalization procedure according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. The other finalization is performed by recording a finalization identifying flag into the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 of the present invention. - Hereinafter, the other finalization procedure according to
Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described step by step with reference toFigure 15 . - Step 2201: a finalization identifying flag is recorded onto the write-once read-many
optical disc 1. The finalization identifying flag is recorded at a predetermined position on the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1. The predetermined position is any position from which the optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus of the present invention can read the finalization identifying flag. - If the predetermined position is a defect
management working area 21, the defect management workinginformation writing section 166 records the finalization identifying flag into at least one of adisc definition structure 14 and adefect list 15 in a defectmanagement working area 21. In this case, the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 reads the finalization identifying flag. - After the finalization identifying flag is recorded into at least one of a
disc definition structure 14 and adefect list 15, the process is ended. -
Figure 16 shows a finalization determination procedure for determining whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 is already finalized. Hereinafter, the finalization determination procedure (step 2301 to step 2303) for determining whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 is already finalized will be described step by step with reference toFigure 16 . - Note that in
step 2301 to step 2303, thelast defect list 15 is thelatest defect list 15 provided in at least one defect management area; the lastdisc definition structure 14 is adisc definition structure 14 containing positional information about thelast defect list 15; and thelatest defect list 15 is adefect list 15 which is recorded in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area. - Step 2301: the defect management
information reading section 161 selects one of at least one defect management areas allocated in the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1. After one of at least one defect management areas is selected, the process goes to step 2302. - Step 2302: the defect management
information reading section 161 reads out data from one of the at least one defect management areas allocated in the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 and determines whether or not the defect management area has been recorded. For example, the defect managementinformation reading section 161 reads out data from one of the DMA1 to the DMA4, and based on the result of reading, determines whether or not the last defect list and the last DDS are recorded in one of the DMA1 to the DMA4. - If the amplitude value of a read signal indicating the result of reading data is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the defect management area has been recorded. If the amplitude value of a read signal indicating the result of reading data does not exceed the predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the defect management area is unrecorded. For example, data is read from the DMA1, and based on the result of reading, it is determined whether or not the DMA1 has been recorded.
- Data to be read out is not limited to the
last defect list 15 and thelast DDS 14. The contents of the data are not particularly limited as long as the data is used to determine whether or not a defect management area has been recorded in accordance with the procedure described with reference toFigures 6 and7 . - The procedure for determining whether or not a defect management area has been recorded is similar to the procedure described in
Figures 6 and7 and the description is omitted. Note that in the procedure described inFigures 6 and7 the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 examines amplitude, while in the finalization determination procedure the defect managementinformation reading section 161 examines amplitude. - Note that the procedure for determining whether or not a defect management area has been recorded is not limited to the procedure described in
Figures 6 and7 . By examining whether or not data is correctly read out, it may be determined whether or not a defect management area has been recorded. For example, based on the result of examining whether or not thelast defect list 15 or thelast DDS 14 is correctly read from a defect management area, it is determined whether or not a defect management area has been recorded. - If a defect management area has been recorded, it is determined that the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 is changed from a write-once read-many state to a non-write-once read-many state, and the process is ended. - If a defect management area is not recorded, it is determined that the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 has not been changed from the write-once read-many state to the non-write-once read-many state, and the process goes to step 2303. - Step 2303: the defect management
information reading section 161 determines whether or not all of the at least one defect management areas allocated in the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 are already selected. - If all of the defect management areas are already selected, it is determined that the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 has not been changed from the write-once read-many state to the non-write-once read-many state, and the process is ended. - If not all of the defect management areas are already selected, the process goes to step 2301.
- If it is determined that at least one of the DMA1 to the DMA4 has been recorded, it is determined that the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 has been changed from the write-once read-many state to the non-write-once read-many state. If it is determined that all of the DMA1 to the DMA4 are unrecorded, it is determined that the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has not been changed from the write-once read-many state to the non-write-once read-many state. - For example, the defect management
information reading section 161 reads out data from at least one of the DMA1 to the DMA4. If data is normally reproduced, it is determined that the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has been finalized. If all of the DMA1 to the DMA4 are unrecorded and therefore data cannot be normally reproduced from these defect management areas, it is determined that the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has not been finalized. - In the embodiment of
Figure 16 ,step 2302 corresponds to "reading out data from one of at least one disc management areas and determining whether or not the defect management area has been recorded" andstep 2303 corresponds to "determining, based on the result of the above-described determination, whether or not a write-once read-many information recording medium has been changed from a write-once read-many state to a non-write-once read-many state". - However, a finalization determination procedure for determining whether or not the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 is already finalized is not limited to that ofFigure 16 . Any finalization determination procedure for determining whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 is already finalized can be employed as long as it has functions of "reading out data from one of at least one disc management areas and determining whether or not the defect management area has been recorded" and "determining, based on the result of the above-described determination, whether or not a write-once read-many information recording medium has been changed from a write-once read-many state to a non-write-once read-many state". -
Figure 17 shows another finalization determination procedure for determining whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 is already finalized. Hereinafter, the other finalization determination procedure for determining whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 is already finalized will be described step by step with reference toFigure 17 . - Step 2401: the optical disc recording/
reproduction apparatus 100 reads out data from the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1. For example, the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 reads out data from a recorded defectmanagement working area 21 neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area. A procedure for reading out data is similar to that which is described inFigure 5 and the description is omitted. - After data is read out, the process goes to step 2402.
- Step 2402: it is determined whether or not a finalization identifying flag has been recorded on the write-once read-many
optical disc 1. For example, based on the read data, the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 determines whether or not the finalization identifying flag has been recorded at a predetermined position in a defectmanagement working area 21. Note that the recording position of the finalization identifying flag is not limited to a predetermined position of a defectmanagement working area 21. The recording position of the finalization identifying flag may be any position that can be read out by the optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus 100. The predetermined position may be, for example, at least one of adisc definition structure 14 and adefect list 15. - Based on the result of determination, it is determined whether or not the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 has been changed from a write-once read-many state to a non-write-once read-many state. - If a finalization identifying flag has been recorded, it is determined that the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 has been changed from the write-once read-many state to the non-write-once read-many state and the process is ended. - If a finalization identifying flag has not been recorded, it is determined that the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 has not been changed from the write-once read-many state to the non-write-once read-many state and the process is ended. - For example, when a finalization identifying flag is read from at least one of a
disc definition structure 14 and adefect list 15, the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 determines that the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has been finalized. - In the embodiment of
Figure 17 ,step 2402 corresponds to "determining whether or not a finalization identifying flag indicating prohibition of additional recording of data into at least one disc management working area is recorded in a write-once read-many information recording medium" and "determining, based on the result of the above-described determination, whether or not the write-once read-many information recording medium has been changed from a write-once read-many state to a non-write-once read-many state". - However, the other finalization determination procedure for determining whether or not the write-once read-many
optical disc 1 has been finalized is not limited to that ofFigure 17 . Any finalization determination procedure for determining whether or not the write-once read-manyoptical disc 1 has been finalized can be employed as long as it has functions of "determining whether or not a finalization identifying flag indicating prohibition of additional recording of data into at least one disc management working area is recorded in a write-once read-many information recording medium" and "determining, based on the result of the above-described determination, whether or not the write-once read-many information recording medium has been changed from a write-once read-many state to a non-write-once read-many state". - Note that
Embodiment 1 of the present invention is described assuming that each of a defect list (DFL) 15 and a disc definition structure (DDS) 14 has a block unit which is a unit for error correction. If the size of aDDS 14 or the size of aDFL 15 is less than the block size, the blank portion of a block is recorded with meaningless data (e.g., 0) to fill the block. - A
DFL 15 and aDDS 14 are provided in different blocks in the foregoing description. However, if aDDS 14 is located at a predetermined position in a predetermined block, which can be calculated based on a border, among blocks contained in a recorded defect management working area neighboring the border, aDFL 15 and aDDS 14 may share at least one blocks. For example, aDDS 14 may be located at a predetermined position in the last block of aDFL 15. As long as the position of aDDS 14 is uniquely determined based on a recording end, it is possible to easily find thelatest DDS 14 andDFL 15. - In
Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a block which is a unit for error correction is described as a unit for recording/reproduction and defect management. However, for example, a sector which is an accessible minimum unit (1 sector has a size of 2 KBytes) may be employed as a unit for recording/reproduction and defect management in the present invention. Such modification can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Modifications and variations obvious to those skilled in the art are within the scope of the claims of the present invention. - In
Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a defectmanagement working area 21 contains a defect list 15 (i.e., child information) and a DDS 14 (i.e., parent information) containing positional information about thedefect list 15. However, the number of pieces of child information is not limited to one as long as the parent information contains positional information about the child information. A plurality of pieces of child information may be present in a defectmanagement working area 21. In other words, parent information may contain positional information about a plurality of pieces of child information. In this case, the same effect can be obtained. - A write-once read-many
optical disc 300 according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention has the same data structure as that ofEmbodiment 1 of the present invention, except for the defect management working area 21 (DMWA). The description is omitted except for that of the defect management working area 21 (DMWA). -
Figure 18 shows a data structure of a DMWA according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention. - A DMWA contains M blocks (M is an integer of 1 or more). In each of the M blocks, a subsidiary defect list (hereinafter also referred to as "SDFL") 18 and a subsidiary disc definition structure (hereinafter also referred to as "SDDS") 19 are provided.
- A
SDDS 19 is information having a fixed size (e.g., 1 sector (2 KBytes)). ASDDS 19 is located at a predetermined position (e.g., the end sector of a block) in each block contained in a DMWA. - The size of a
SDDS 19 is the same as that of a disc definition structure (DDS) 14. - Note that the size of a
SDDS 19 is not limited to the size of aDDS 14. - Note that a
SDDS 19 may not have a fixed length as long as aSDDS 19 is located at a predetermined position of each block. - If the size of a defect list (DFL) 15 is added to the size of a
SDDS 19 and the sum exceeds the size of 1 block, theDFL 15 is divided intoSDFLs 18 so that the size of aSDDS 19 plus the size of SDFL(s) 18 is within the size of 1 block. A combination of allSDFLs 18 is aDFL 15. - A
SDFL 18 is a division of aDFL 15. Therefore,defect list header 32 is located at a predetermined position in any of SDFLs 18 (e.g., the beginning of a SDFL #1). - The size of a
DFL 15 is a variable length, so that the number of SDFLs 18 and the size of aSDFL 18 are variable. The addition of the size of aSDFL 18 and the size of aSDDS 19 is necessarily within the size of 1 block. - Here, if the addition of the size of a
SDFL 18 and the size of aSDDS 19 is less than the size of 1 block, the blank portion of a block is recorded with meaningless data (e.g., 0) to fill the block. -
Figure 19 shows a structure of aSDDS 19. - A
SDDS 19 contains subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 which is positional information about allSDFLs 18 present in a DMWA. - Note that a
SDDS 19 may contain subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 for not allSDFLs 18. For example, aSDDS 19 may contain subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 only about abeginning SDFL 18, anend SDFL 18, and SDFL(s) 18 constituting the same block. - An optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus according to
Embodiment 2 of the present invention has the same configuration as that of the optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention and the description is omitted. - A method for obtaining (reproducing) information (a SDDS and a SDFL recorded in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and the unrecorded defect management working area) recorded in a write-once read-many
optical disc 300 according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention, will be described below. -
Figure 20 shows a procedure for obtaining aSDDS 19 and aSDFL 18 from the latest recorded defectmanagement working area 21 among the defectmanagement working areas 21 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20. Hereinafter, this procedure will be described step by step with reference toFigure 20 . - Step 1901: the defect management working
information reading section 165 searches for the position of a border between a recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area to obtain border positional information indicating the border position. - For example, the defect management working
information reading section 165 searches the recording end position of the temporarydefect management area 20 and stores the position of a defectmanagement working area 21 located at the recording end position into the defect managementinformation control memory 163 at therecording end position 40. After the position of the defectmanagement working area 21 at the recording end position is stored, the process goes to step 1902. - Note that a procedure for searching for the recording end position is the same as the procedure described in
Embodiment 1 of the present invention with reference toFigures 6 and7 and the description is omitted. - Step 1902: the defect management working
information reading section 165 reproduces aSDDS 19 from a block contained in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border based on border positional information, and based on the reproducedSDDS 19, obtains positional information about aSDFL 18. - For example, the defect management working
information reading section 165 reads out aSDDS 19 having a fixed length located at a predetermined position in a block which ends at therecording end position 40 into the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140, and stores all subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 in theSDDS 19 into the defect managementinformation control memory 163 at a SDFL beginning position 42. After all subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 in theSDDS 19 is stored, the process goes to step 1903. - Step 1903: the defect management working
information reading section 165 determines whether or not a recorded defect management working area is an area in which recording has been normally completed, based on positional information about aSDFL 18 contained in aSDDS 19. - For example, the defect management working
information reading section 165 uses positional information about the SDFL beginning position 42 to determine whether or not a DMWA containing aSDDS 19 in which reading has been performed is a normal defect management working area. - For example, by comparing positional information about a
SDFL 18 with positional information about a border between a recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area, the defect management workinginformation reading section 165 determines whether or not the recorded defect management working area is an area in which recording has been normally completed. - Specifically, for example, if no address greater than the
recording end position 40 is present in the positional information about the SDFL beginning position 42, a DMWA to be read out is determined to be normal. If an address greater than therecording end position 40 is present, a DMWA to be read out is determined to be abnormal. - Note that the above-described determination method is only illustrative. A method for determining whether or not a DMWA is normal is not limited to this.
- If a recorded defect management working area is an area in which recording has not been completed normally, the position of a border between a recorded defect management working area neighboring the border and a recorded defect management working area neighboring the recorded defect management working area is searched for based on positional information about a
SDFL 18. - For example, if a DMWA to be read out is determined to be abnormal, a normal DMWA which is present immediately before a current DMWA to be read out in a direction toward the beginning of the temporary
defect management area 20, i.e., a DMWA whose end is located immediately before the SDFL beginning position 42 indicating the subsidiarydefect list # 1 beginningpositional information 34, is read out. - A DMWA from which data is currently being read is determined to be abnormal, for example, when a DMWA which has not been completely updated since, for example, the optical disc recording/
reproduction apparatus 100 had been shut down during updating of the DMWA or when the DMWA has a defect, such as a scar, a fingerprint, or the like. - If a DMWA is determined to be a normal defect management working area, the process goes to step 1904.
- If a DMWA is determined to be not a normal defect management working area, the process goes to step 1902.
- Step 1904: the defect management working
information reading section 165 reproduces aSDFL 18 from each of a plurality of blocks contained in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border, based on positional information about theSDFL 18. - For example, the defect management working
information reading section 165 reads out allSDFLs 18 located beginning from the SDFL beginning position 42 into the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140. - Here, if the
recording end position 40 indicates that no temporarydefect management area 20 has been recorded, no reading has to be performed instep 1902,step 1903 andstep 1904. Instead of reading, aDDS 14 and adefect list 15 may be stored in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 in advance. Note that the storedDDS 14 contains the defect list beginningpositional information 30 which has been initialized to a predetermined value, and in the storeddefect list 15, the number of defect entries in thedefect list header 32 has been initialized (the number of defect entries = 0), i.e., the storeddefect list 15 has nodefect entry 33. - Note that the defect management
information storage buffer 140 may retain allSDFLs 18, which have been read out, as a combination which forms aDFL 15 or as they are. InEmbodiment 2 of the present invention, allSDFLs 18, which have been read out, are combined into aDFL 15 and are retained. - In
Embodiment 2 ofFigure 20 ,step 1901 corresponds to "searching for the position of a border between a recorded disc management working area and an unrecorded disc management working area to obtain border positional information indicating the border position",step 1902 corresponds to "reproducing a disc definition structure from a recorded disc management working area neighboring the border, based on the border positional information" and "obtaining positional information about partial disc management information, based on the disc definition structure", andstep 1904 corresponds to "reproducing partial disc management information from each of a plurality of blocks contained in the recorded disc management working area neighboring the border, based on positional information about the partial disc management information". - However, a procedure for obtaining a
SDDS 19 and aSDFL 18 from the latest recorded defectmanagement working area 21 among the defectmanagement working areas 21 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20 is not limited to that ofFigure 20 . Any procedure for obtaining aSDDS 19 and aSDFL 18 from the latest recorded defectmanagement working area 21 among the defectmanagement working areas 21 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20 may be employed as long as it has functions of "searching for the position of a border between a recorded disc management working area and an unrecorded disc management working area to obtain border positional information indicating the border position", "reproducing a disc definition structure from a recorded disc management working area neighboring the border, based on the border positional information" and "obtaining positional information relating partial disc management information, based on the disc definition structure", and "reproducing partial disc management information from each of a plurality of blocks contained in the recorded disc management working area neighboring the border, based on positional information about the partial disc management information". - Thus, according to the present invention, by locating a SDDS containing positional information about a SDFL at a predetermined position in all blocks contained in a DMWA, it is possible to easily determine, from information in the SDDS, whether or not the DMWA has been normally updated. Even if updating of the DMWA has failed, positional information of a normal DMWA present immediately before that DMWA can be easily calculated.
- A method for recording information (SDFL and SDDS) onto the write-once read-many
optical disc 300 according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention will be described below. -
Figure 21 shows a procedure for additionally recording aSDFL 18 and aSDDS 19 into a defectmanagement working area 21 of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 300 according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention. - The defect management working
information writing section 166 additionally records aSDFL 18 and aSDDS 19 into a defectmanagement working area 21. - Here, the contents of a
defect list 15 stored in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 is permitted by the defect managementinformation updating section 164 to retain the latest contents. - Specifically, for example, if a defect block is newly detected, the defect management
information updating section 164 adds a defect entry corresponding to a new replacement block (i.e., a new defect block) to thedefect list 15 stored in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140, and sorts defect entries in accordance with positional information about the defect block contained in the defect entry. Further, the defect managementinformation updating section 164 increases the number of defect entries in a defect list header by one. - Hereinafter, a procedure for additionally recording a
SDFL 18 and aSDDS 19 into a defectmanagement working area 21 of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 300 according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention will be described step by step with reference toFigure 21 . - Step 2001: the defect management
information updating section 164 calculates the size of thelatest DFL 15 stored in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 and determines whether or not the addition of the size of a SDDS 19 (fixed size) and the size of thelatest DFL 15 exceeds the size of 1 block. - If the size of the addition exceeds the size of 1 block, the
DFL 15 is divided into a plurality of subsidiary defect lists 18. - If the size of the addition is smaller than or equal to the size of 1 block, the
DFL 15 itself is defined as asubsidiary defect list 18#1. - The size of a
subsidiary defect list 18 is determined so that the maximum size of the addition of the size of asubsidiary defect list 18 and the size of a SDDS 19 (fixed size) is the size of 1 block. - Specifically, it is now assumed that the
optical disc 300 is a DVD-RAM and the size of 1 block is 1 ECC block (=16 sectors) which is a unit for error correction. If the size of aSDDS 19 is 1 sector, the size of asubsidiary defect list 18 is 15 sectors at maximum. - Step 2002: the defect management
information updating section 164 selects an unrecorded defect management working area neighboring a border between a recorded defect management working area and the unrecorded defect management working area. - For example, the defect management
information updating section 164 selects an unrecorded defect management working area located at the beginning of a plurality of unrecorded defect management working areas by updating aSDDS 19 contained in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 defect managementinformation control memory 163 where a position obtained by adds to one therecording end position 40, i.e., the beginning position of an unrecorded area is regarded as the subsidiarydefect list # 1 beginningpositional information 34. If there are M subsidiary defect lists 18 (M is an integer of 2 or more), subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 corresponding to eachsubsidiary defect list 18 contained in aSDDS 19 is updated. - Here, subsidiary
defect list # 2 beginning positional information, ··· , and subsidiary defect list #M beginning positional information can be calculated using the subsidiarydefect list # 1 beginning positional information and the block size. Specifically, for example, the subsidiarydefect list # 2 beginning positional information can be calculated as a position obtained by adding to 1 block size to a position indicated by the subsidiarydefect list # 1 beginning positional information. - Step 2003: the defect management working
information writing section 166 records aSDFL 18 contained in adefect list 15, which is management information about a write-once read-many optical disc, and aSDDS 19 containing positional information about theSDFL 18, into each of a plurality of blocks contained in the unrecorded defect management working area neighboring the border. - For example, the defect management working
information writing section 166 records an updatedSDFL 18 and an updatedSDDS 19 contained in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 into the unrecorded area from the beginning position. If there areM SDFLs 18, M updatedSDFLs 18 and M updatedSDDSs 19 are recorded. - Here, when a
SDDS 19 contains subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 for allSDFLs 18, the contents of theSDDSs 19 recorded along with theSDFLs 18 are the same for all the SDFLs 18. However, for example, if aSDDS 19 contains subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 about abeginning SDFL 18, subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 about anend SDFL 18, and subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 about SDFL(s) 18 contained in the same block, only the subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 about SDFL(s) 18 contained in the same block have different contents. - Also in
Embodiment 2 of the present invention, aSDFL 18 and aSDDS 19 can be recorded while determining whether or not recording has been performed normally as inEmbodiment 1 of the present invention described inFigure 10 . InEmbodiment 2 of the present invention, when aSDFL 18 and aSDDS 19 can be recorded while determining whether or not recording has been normally performed,step 2003 is repeatedly performed until theSDFL 18 and theSDDS 19 are normally recorded. - As in
Embodiment 1 of the present invention described inFigure 10 , when a DMWA is updated while determining whether or not recording has been normally performed, if a defect block is encountered during the process, it is possible that subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 indicated by aSDDS 19 in a previously recorded block does not match a position at which asubsidiary defect list 18 is actually recorded. However, in this case, by updating the contents of theSDDS 19 in the defect managementinformation storage buffer 140 so that the contents of theSDDS 19 contained in the latest recorded block (i.e., a block located at the recording end position) are correct, matching can be achieved, thereby making it possible to avoid the above-described problem. - With the above-described procedure, the defect management working
information writing section 166 can record thelatest defect list 15 andDDS 14 into a defectmanagement working area 21 contained in the temporarydefect management area 20. - In
Embodiment 2 ofFigure 21 ,step 2002 corresponds to "selecting an unrecorded disc management working area neighboring a border between a recorded disc management working area and the unrecorded disc management working area" ,step 2003 corresponds to "recording partial disc management information contained in disc management information, which is management information about a write-once read-many information recording medium, into each of a plurality of blocks contained in the unrecorded disc management working area neighboring the border" and "recording a disc definition structure contained in positional information about partial disc management information into each of a plurality of blocks contained in the unrecorded disc management working area border neighboring the border". - However, a procedure for additionally recording a
SDFL 18 and aSDDS 19 into a defectmanagement working area 21 of the write-once read-manyoptical disc 300 according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention is not limited to that ofFigure 21 . Any procedure for additionally recording aSDFL 18 and aSDDS 19 into a defectmanagement working area 21 of thewrite-once read-manyoptical disc 300 according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention can be employed as long as it has functions of "selecting an unrecorded disc management working area neighboring a border between a recorded disc management working area and the unrecorded disc management working area", "recording partial disc management information contained in disc management information, which is management information about a write-once read-many information recording medium, into each of a plurality of blocks contained in the unrecorded disc management working area neighboring the border" and "recording a disc definition structure contained in positional information about partial disc management information into each of a plurality of blocks contained in the unrecorded disc management working area border neighboring the border". - A finalization procedure according to
Embodiment 2 of the present invention is the same as the finalization procedure according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention and the description is omitted. In the finalization procedure according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention, subsidiary defect list beginningpositional information 34 contained in aSDDS 19 ofEmbodiment 2 of the present invention substitutes for defect list beginningpositional information 30 contained in aDDS 14 ofEmbodiment 1 of the present invention and the finalization procedure ofEmbodiment 1 of the present invention is performed. - A finalization determination procedure according to
Embodiment 2 of the present invention is the same as the finalization determination procedure according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention and the description is omitted. - Thus, according to the present invention, even when update of a defect
management working area 21 is incomplete since the power is cut or the like, it is correctly determined that update has failed. Therefore, it is possible to easily find the beginning position of a defectmanagement working area 21 in which update has failed. Therefore, it is possible to easily obtain adefect list 15 in the latest normal defectmanagement working area 21. - In
Embodiment 2 of the present invention, a block which is a unit of error correction is described as a unit of reproduction/recording and defect management. Alternatively, for example, a sector which is the smallest addressable unit (1 sector has a size of 2 KBytes) may be used as a unit of reproduction/recording and defect management. It will be clearly appreciated that such variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. - Although a
defect list 15 or a subsidiary defect list 18 (i.e., child information) and aDDS 14 or a SDDS 19 (i.e., parent information) containing positional information about thedefect list 15 or thesubsidiary defect list 18 are provided in a defectmanagement working area 21 inEmbodiments defect list 15 or asubsidiary defect list 18 and aDDS 14 or aSDDS 19. - For example, when the information provided is disc management information, which is management information about a disc, and a disc definition structure containing positional information about the disc management information, at least one defect management working area is allocated sequentially in a predetermined direction. When the latest disc management information and the latest disc definition structure are located in this order along the predetermined direction in a recorded disc management working area neighboring a border between the recorded disc management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area, it is possible to easily search for the latest disc management information. Thus, the effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- For example, the information provided may be a replacement list and a DDS containing positional information about the replacement list. The replacement list contains correspondence relationship information indicating a correspondence relationship between an area (replacement source) contained in a data area and an area (replacement destination) contained in a spare area.
- In
Embodiments management working area 21 contains adefect list 15 or a subsidiary defect list 18 (i.e., child information) and aDDS 14 or a SDDS 19 (i.e., parent information) containing positional information about thedefect list 15. However, the number of pieces of child information is not limited to one as long as the parent information contains positional information about the child information. A plurality of pieces of child information may be present in a defectmanagement working area 21. In other words, parent information may contain positional information about a plurality of pieces of child information. The plurality of pieces of child information may not be necessarily of the same type. -
Figure 22 shows an exemplary defect management working area in which a space bit map information and a defect list are provided as child information. - In a defect
management working area 21, space bit map information and a defect list are provided as child information. A DDS (parent information) may contain positional information about these two pieces of child information. In this case, if a DDS indicating positional information about child information (i.e., parent information) is located at a predetermined position which can be calculated based on a border between a recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area (the end of the recorded defect management working area or the beginning of the recorded defect management working area), it is possible to easily find the latest child information. Thus, the effect of the present invention can be obtained. - When a defect block is present in a recorded defect
management working area 21 as described with reference toFigures 10 and11 , if a recording end position is only searched for by the procedure described inFigures 6 and7 , it is possible that a defect block is incorrectly determined to be an unrecorded area. Therefore, recording end positional information obtained by the procedure described inFigures 6 and7 is compared with retained information to determine whether or not the recording end positional information is the beginning position of an appropriate unrecorded area, for example. Thus, erroneous determination can be avoided. Here, the retained information means recording end positional information (LRA) made in the previous recording of a temporarydefect management area 20, positional information about a defect block, or the like, which is retained at a predetermined position on a medium or a memory (nonvolatile) in an optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus, for example. - In the foregoing description of the present invention, a write-once read-many optical disc is employed as an information recording medium. However, an information recording medium is not limited to a write-once read-many optical disc. Any write-once read-many information recording medium may be employed, and in this case, the same effect as that of the above-described embodiments of the present invention can be obtained.
- Although certain preferred embodiments have been described herein, it is not intended that such embodiments be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention except as set forth in the appended claims. Various other modifications and equivalents will be apparent to and can be readily made by those skilled in the art, after reading the description herein, without departing from the scope of this invention.
- In the write-once read-many information recording medium of the present invention, at least one defect management working area is sequentially allocated in a predetermined direction. The latest defect list and the latest DDS are provided in the predetermined direction in a recorded defect management working area neighboring a border between the recorded defect management working area and an unrecorded defect management working area, where the latest defect list precedes the latest DDS in the predetermined direction. Therefore, it is possible to easily find the latest DDS and the latest defect list.
- By finalization, the data structure of a write-once read-many optical disc after finalization is the same as the data structure of a rewritable optical disc. As a result, data recorded on a finalized write-once read-many optical disc can be reproduced by a rewritable optical disc recording/reproduction apparatus, resulting in a compatible optical disc for reproduction.
- A subsidiary disc definition structure (SDDS) is provided at a predetermined position in each of a plurality of blocks. Therefore, even when update of a defect management working area is incomplete since the power is cut or the like, it is correctly determined that update has failed. Therefore, it is possible to easily find the beginning position of a defect management working area in which update has failed. Therefore, it is possible to easily obtain a defect list in the latest normal defect management working area.
- According to the information recording method of the present invention, even if a defect block is present in a defect management working area and therefore recording of a defect list and a DDS fails, recording of the defect list and the DDS can be repeatedly performed until recording of the defect list and the DDS is normally completed. Thus, a defect list and a DDS can be correctly recorded. As a result, the reliability of recording of a defect list and a DDS into a defect management working area can be improved.
Claims (5)
- A write-once read-many information recording medium comprising a temporary defect management area (20) along a radial direction of the medium, wherein:at least one disc management working area (21) is sequentially allocated from the beginning toward the end of the temporary defect management area (20);in the at least one disc management working area (21), disc management information (15), which is management information about the write-once read-many information recording medium, and disc definition structure (14) containing positional information about the disc management information, are provided;latest disc management information (15) and latest disc definition structure (14) are provided, wherein the latest disc management information (15) precedes the latest disc definition structure (14) from the beginning toward the end of the temporary defect management area (20);the latest disc management information (15) is disc management information provided in a recorded disc management working area neighboring a border between the recorded disc management working area and an unrecorded disc management working area;the latest disc definition structure (14) is a disc definition structure containing positional information about the latest disc management information;the latest disc definition structure (14) is provided at a predetermined position in the recorded disc management working area neighboring the border, the predetermined position calculated based on the border as a reference;a block is a unit for recording/reproducing data; and the disc management information (15) and the disc definition structure (14) are provided in different blocks in a plurality of blocks when the disc management working area (21) contains the plurality of blocks, or the disc management information (21) and the disc definition structure (14) shares at least one of one or more blocks when the disc management working area (21) contains the one or more blocks.
- An information recording method for recording information onto a write-once read-many information recording medium according to claim 1, wherein
the information recording method comprising the steps of:recording the disc management information (15) into an unrecorded disc management working area neighboring a border between a recorded disc management working area and an unrecorded disc management working area; andrecording the disc definition structure (14) into a predetermined position of the unrecorded disc management working area neighboring the border. - An information reproduction method for reproducing information from a write-once read-many information recording medium according to claim 1, wherein:the information reproduction method comprising the steps of:reproducing the latest disc definition structure (14); andreproducing the latest disc management information (15) based on the latest disc definition structure (14).
- An information recording apparatus for recording information onto a write-once read-many information recording medium according to claim 1, wherein
the information recording apparatus comprising:a section for recording the disc management information (15) into an unrecorded disc management working area neighboring a border between a recorded disc management working area and an unrecorded disc management working area; anda section for recording a disc definition structure (14) into a predetermined position of the unrecorded disc management working area neighboring the border. - An information reproduction apparatus for reproducing information from a write-once read-many information recording medium according to claim 1, wherein:the information reproduction apparatus comprising:a section for reproducing the latest disc definition structure (14);
anda section for reproducing the latest disc management information (15) based on the the latest disc definition structure (14).
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP11159370.3A EP2333774A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP12170234.4A EP2495727A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP11159373.7A EP2333775A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
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JP2002373532 | 2002-12-25 | ||
JP2002373532 | 2002-12-25 | ||
JP2003276843 | 2003-07-18 | ||
JP2003276843 | 2003-07-18 | ||
PCT/JP2003/016057 WO2004059648A2 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium and method and apparatus for information recording and reproduction |
Related Child Applications (6)
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EP11159373.7A Division-Into EP2333775A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP11159373.7A Division EP2333775A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP12170234.4A Division-Into EP2495727A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP12170234.4A Division EP2495727A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP11159370.3A Division-Into EP2333774A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP11159370.3A Division EP2333774A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
Publications (2)
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EP1576603A2 EP1576603A2 (en) | 2005-09-21 |
EP1576603B1 true EP1576603B1 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
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EP03778935.1A Expired - Fee Related EP1576603B1 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium and method and apparatus for information recording and reproduction |
EP11159373.7A Withdrawn EP2333775A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP12170234.4A Withdrawn EP2495727A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP11159370.3A Withdrawn EP2333774A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
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EP11159373.7A Withdrawn EP2333775A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP12170234.4A Withdrawn EP2495727A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
EP11159370.3A Withdrawn EP2333774A3 (en) | 2002-12-25 | 2003-12-15 | Write-once read-many information recording medium, information recording method, information reproduction method, information recording apparatus, and information reproduction apparatus |
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EP (4) | EP1576603B1 (en) |
JP (3) | JP4772837B2 (en) |
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CN (8) | CN101930757A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003285780A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA05006935A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004059648A2 (en) |
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- 2003-12-15 EP EP03778935.1A patent/EP1576603B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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