EP1633640B1 - Container with a base structure responsive to vacuum related forces - Google Patents
Container with a base structure responsive to vacuum related forces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1633640B1 EP1633640B1 EP04750969A EP04750969A EP1633640B1 EP 1633640 B1 EP1633640 B1 EP 1633640B1 EP 04750969 A EP04750969 A EP 04750969A EP 04750969 A EP04750969 A EP 04750969A EP 1633640 B1 EP1633640 B1 EP 1633640B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- base
- ring
- pushup
- body portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 27
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
- B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
- B65D1/0261—Bottom construction
- B65D1/0276—Bottom construction having a continuous contact surface, e.g. Champagne-type bottom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/12—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums
- B65D1/14—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums characterised by shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D79/00—Kinds or details of packages, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D79/00—Kinds or details of packages, not otherwise provided for
- B65D79/005—Packages having deformable parts for indicating or neutralizing internal pressure-variations by other means than venting
- B65D79/008—Packages having deformable parts for indicating or neutralizing internal pressure-variations by other means than venting the deformable part being located in a rigid or semi-rigid container, e.g. in bottles or jars
- B65D79/0081—Packages having deformable parts for indicating or neutralizing internal pressure-variations by other means than venting the deformable part being located in a rigid or semi-rigid container, e.g. in bottles or jars in the bottom part thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a plastic container according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a plastic container is known from
US 2002/074336 A1 . - Although the known plastic container is suitable for many applications, it still cannot fulfill all the needs of such a plastic container. In particular, the known container does not always accommodate the vacuum pressures that result from hot filling.
- Numerous commodities previously supplied in glass containers are now being supplied in plastic containers, more specifically polyester and even more specifically polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers. Manufacturers and fillers, as well as consumers, have recognized that PET containers are lightweight, inexpensive, recyclable and manufacturable in large quantities.
- Manufacturers currently supply PET containers for various liquid commodities, such as beverages. Often these liquid products, such as juices and isotonics, are filled into the containers while the liquid product is at an elevated temperature, typically 68°C - 96°C (155°F - 205°F) and usually about 85°C (185°F). When packaged in this manner, the hot temperature of the liquid commodity is used to sterilize the container at the time of filling. This process is known as hot filling The containers designed to withstand the process are known as hot fill or heat set containers.
- Hot filling is an acceptable process for commodities having a high acid content. Non-high acid content commodities, however, must be processed in a different manner. Nonetheless, manufacturers and fillers of non-high acid content commodities desire to supply their commodities in PET containers as well.
- For non-high acid commodities, pasteurization and retort are the preferred sterilization process. Pasteurization and retort both present an enormous challenge for manufactures of PET containers in that heat set containers cannot withstand the temperature and time demands required of pasteurization and retort.
- Pasteurization and retort are both processes for cooking or sterilizing the contents of a container after it has been filled. Both processes include the heating of the contents of the container to a specified temperature, usually above about 70°C (about 155°F), for a specified length of time (20 - 60 minutes). Retort differs from pasteurization in that higher temperatures are used, as is an application of pressure externally to the container. The pressure applied externally to the container is necessary because a hot water bath is often used and the overpressure keeps the water, as well as the liquid in the contents of the container, in liquid form, above their respective boiling point temperatures.
- PET is a crystallizable polymer, meaning that it is available in an amorphous form or a semi-crystalline form. The ability of a PET container to maintain its material integrity is related to the percentage of the PET container in crystalline form, also known as the "crystallinity" of the PET container. The percentage of crystallinity is characterized as a volume fraction by the equation:
where ρ is the density of the PET material; ρa is the density of pure amorphous PET material (1.333 g/cc); and ρ c is the density of pure crystalline material (1.455 g/cc). - The crystallinity of a PET container can be increased by mechanical processing and by thermal processing. Mechanical processing involves orienting the amorphous material to achieve strain hardening. This processing commonly involves stretching a PET preform along a longitudinal axis and expanding the PET preform along a transverse or radial axis to form a PET container. The combination promotes what is known as biaxial orientation of the molecular structure in the container. Manufacturers of PET containers currently use mechanical processing to produce PET containers having about 20% crystallinity in the container's sidewall.
- Thermal processing involves heating the material (either amorphous or semi-crystalline) to promote crystal growth. On amorphous material, thermal processing of PET material results in a spherulitic morphology that interferes with the transmission of light. In other words, the resulting crystalline material is opaque, and thus, generally undesirable. Used after mechanical processing, however, thermal processing results in higher crystallinity and excellent clarity for those portions of the container having biaxial molecular orientation. The thermal processing of an oriented PET container, which is known as heat setting, typically includes blow molding a PET preform against a mold heated to a temperature of about 120°C - 130°C (about 248°F - 266°F), and holding the blown container against the heated mold for about three (3) seconds. Manufacturers of PET juice bottles, which must be hot filled at about 85°C (185°F), currently use heat setting to produce PET bottles having an overall crystallinity in the range of 25 - 30%.
- After being hot filled, the heat set containers are capped and allowed to reside at generally about the filling temperature for approximately five (5) minutes. The container, along with the product, is then actively cooled so that the filled container may be transferred to labeling, packaging and shipping operations. Upon cooling, the volume of the liquid in the container is reduced. This product shrinkage phenomenon results in the creation of a vacuum within the container. Generally, vacuum pressures within the container range from 1-300 mm/Hg. If not controlled or otherwise accommodated, these vacuum pressures result in deformation of the container which leads to either an aesthetically unacceptable container or one which is unstable. Typically, vacuum pressures have been accommodated by the incorporation of structures in the sidewall of the container. These structures are commonly known as vacuum panels. Vacuum panels are designed to distort inwardly under the vacuum pressures in a controlled manner so as to eliminate undesirable deformation in the sidewall of the container.
- While vacuum panels have allowed the containers to withstand the rigors of a hot fill procedure, they do present some limitations and drawbacks. First, a smooth glass-like appearance cannot be accomplished. Second, during labeling, a wrap-around or sleeve label is applied to the container over the vacuum panels. Often, the appearance of these labels over the sidewall and vacuum panels is such that the label is wrinkled and not smooth. Additionally, when grasping the container, the vacuum panels are felt beneath the label resulting in the label being pushed into the various crevasses and recesses of the vacuum panels.
- Further refinements have led to the use of pinch grip geometry in the sidewall of the containers to help control container distortion resulting from vacuum pressures. However, similar limitations and drawbacks exist with pinch grip geometry as with vacuum panels.
- Another way for a hot-fill plastic container to achieve the above described objectives without having vacuum accommodating structural features is through the use of nitrogen dosing technology. One drawback with this technology however is that the minimum line speeds achievable with the current technology is limited to roughly 200 containers per minute. Such slower line speeds are seldom acceptable. Additionally, the dosing consistency is not yet at a technological level to achieve efficient operations.
- In a published United States Patent Application Publication No.
US 2002/0074336 there is described a plastic container having a base portion adapted for vacuum absorption. The base portion including a ring upon which the container is supported, an upstanding wall and a recessed portion. The recessed portion being defined by a flat base region and a central base region. The flat base region defining a projected surface area of at least 45% of a total projected surface area of the container. The flat base region being moveable to accommodate vacuum forces within the container. - Thus, there is a need for an improved container which can accommodate the vacuum pressures which result from hot filling yet which mimics the appearance of a glass container having sidewalls without substantial geometry, allowing for a smooth, glass-like appearance.
- It is therefore an object of this invention to provide such a container.
- According to the invention this object is achieved by a plastic container according to claim 1.
- Accordingly, this invention provides for a plastic container which maintains aesthetic and mechanical integrity during any subsequent handling after being hot filled and cooled to ambient having a base structure that allows for significant absorption of vacuum pressures by the base without unwanted deformation in other portions of the container. In a glass container, the container does not move, its structure must restrain all pressures and forces. In a bag container, the container easily moves and conforms to the product. The present invention is somewhat of a highbred, providing areas that move and areas that do not move. Ultimately, after the base portion of the plastic container of the present invention moves or deforms, the remaining overall structure of the container restrains any and all additional pressures or forces without collapse.
- The present invention includes a plastic container having an upper portion, a body or sidewall portion and a base. The upper portion can include, but is not required to include, an opening defining a mouth of the container, a finish section, a threaded region and a support ring. The body portion extends from the upper portion to the base. The base includes a central portion defined in at least part by a central pushup and an inversion ring. The central pushup and the inversion ring being moveable to accommodate vacuum forces generated within the container.
- Additional benefits and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates from the subsequent description of the preferred embodiment and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
-
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a plastic container according to the present invention, the container as molded and empty. -
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the plastic container according to the present invention, the container being filled and sealed. -
FIG. 3 is a bottom perspective view of a portion of the plastic container ofFig. 1 . -
FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective view of a portion of the plastic container ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic container, taken generally along line 5-5 ofFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the plastic container, taken generally along line 6-6 ofFIG. 4 . - The following description of the preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature, and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or uses.
- As discussed above, to accommodate vacuum forces during cooling of the contents within a heat set container, containers have been provided with a series of vacuum panels or pinch grips around their sidewalls. The vacuum panels and pinch grips deform inwardly under the influence of the vacuum forces and prevent unwanted distortion elsewhere in the container. However, with the vacuum panels and pinch grips, the container sidewall cannot be smooth or glass-like, an overlying label is not smooth, and end users can feel the vacuum panels and pinch grips when grasping and picking up the containers.
- In a vacuum panel-less container, a combination of controlled deformation (e.g. in the base or closure) and vacuum resistance in the remainder of the container is required. Accordingly, this invention provides for a plastic container which enables its base portion to deform and move easily while maintaining a rigid structure (i.e., against internal vacuum) in the remainder of the container. As an example, in a 20 oz. (0.00059 m3) plastic container, the container should be able to accommodate roughly 22 cc (22 ml) of volume displacement. In the present plastic container, the base portion accommodates a majority of this requirement (i.e., roughly 18.5 cc (18.5 ml)). The remaining portions of the plastic container are easily able to accommodate the rest of this volume displacement.
- As shown in
FIGS. 1 and2 , aplastic container 10 of the invention includes afinish 12, anelongated neck 14, ashoulder region 16, abody portion 18 and abase 20. Theplastic container 10 has been specifically designed for retaining a commodity during a thermal process, such as a high-temperature pasteurization or retort. Theplastic container 10 may be used for retaining a commodity during other thermal processes as well. - The
plastic container 10 of the present invention is a blow molded, biaxially oriented container with an unitary construction from a single or multi-layer material such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin. Alternatively, theplastic container 10 may be formed by other methods and from other conventional materials including, for example, polyethylene napthalate (PEN), and a PET/PEN blend or copolymer. Plastic containers blow molded with an unitary construction from PET materials are known and used in the art of plastic containers, and their general manufacture in the present invention will be readily understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. - The
finish 12 of theplastic container 10 includes a portion defining an aperture ormouth 22, a threadedregion 24 and asupport ring 26. Theaperture 22 allows theplastic container 10 to receive a commodity while the threadedregion 24 provides a means for attachment of a similarly threaded closure or cap 28 (shown inFIG. 2 ). Alternatives may include other suitable devices which engage thefinish 12 of theplastic container 10. Accordingly, the closure or cap 28 functions to engage with thefinish 12 so as to preferably provide a hermetical seal for theplastic container 10. The closure orcap 28 is preferably made from a plastic or metal material conventional to the closure industry and suitable for subsequent thermal processing, including high temperature pasteurization and retort. Thesupport ring 26 may be used to carry or orient the preform (the precursor to the plastic container 10) (not shown) through and at various stages of manufacture. For example, the preform may be carried by thesupport ring 26, thesupport ring 26 may be used to aid in positioning the preform in the mold, or thesupport ring 26 may be used by an end consumer to carry theplastic container 10. - The
neck 14 of theplastic container 10 is elongated, enabling theplastic container 10 to accommodate volume requirements. Integrally formed with theelongated neck 14 and extending downward therefrom is theshoulder region 16. Theshoulder region 16 merges into and provides a transition between theelongated neck 14 and thebody portion 18. Thebody portion 18 extends downward from theshoulder region 16 to thebase 20 and includessidewalls 30. Because of the specific construction of thebase 20 of thecontainer 10, thesidewalls 30 for the heat setcontainer 10 are formed without the inclusion therein of vacuum panels or pinch grips and are generally smooth and glass-like. A significantly light weight container can be formed by including sidewalls having vacuum panels and/or pinch grips along with thebase 20. - The
base 20 of theplastic container 10, which generally extends from thebody portion 18, generally includes achime 32, acontact ring 34 and acentral portion 36. As illustrated inFIGS. 5 and6 , thecontact ring 34 is itself that portion of the base 20 which contacts asupport surface 38 upon which thecontainer 10 is supported. As such, thecontact ring 34 may be a flat surface or a line of contact generally circumscribing, continuously or intermittently, thebase 20. The base 20 functions to close off the bottom portion of theplastic container 10 and, together with theelongated neck 14, theshoulder region 16 and thebody portion 18, to retain the commodity. - The
plastic container 10 is preferably heat set according to the above mentioned process or other conventional heat set processes. To accommodate vacuum forces and allow for the omission of vacuum panels and pinch grips in thebody portion 18 of thecontainer 10, thebase 20 of the present invention adopts a novel and innovative construction. Generally, thecentral portion 36 of thebase 20 is provided with acentral pushup 40 and aninversion ring 42. Additionally, thebase 20 includes an upstanding circumferential wall or edge 44 which forms a transition between theinversion ring 42 and thecontact ring 34. - As shown in
FIGS. 1-6 , thecentral pushup 40, when viewed in cross section, is generally in the shape of a truncated cone having atop surface 46 which is generally substantially parallel to thesupport surface 38 and side surfaces 48 which are generally planar and slope upward toward a centrallongitudinal axis 50 of thecontainer 10. The exact shape of thecentral pushup 40 can vary greatly depending on various design criteria. However, in general, the diameter of thecentral pushup 40 is at most 30% of the overall diameter of thebase 20. Thecentral pushup 40 is generally where the gate of the preform is captured in the mold and is the portion of thebase 20 of thecontainer 10 that is not substantially oriented. - As shown in
FIGS. 3 and5 , when initially formed, theinversion ring 42 is molded as a ring that completely surrounds and circumscribes thecentral pushup 40 having a gradual radius. As formed, theinversion ring 42 protrudes outwardly, below a plane where thebase 20 would lie if it was flat. When viewed in cross section (seeFIG. 5 ), theinversion ring 42 is generally "S" shaped. The transition between thecentral pushup 40 and theadjacent inversion ring 42 must be rapid in order to promote as much orientation as near thecentral pushup 40 as possible. This serves primarily to ensure a minimal wall thickness for theinversion ring 42 of thebase 20. Typically, the wall thickness of theinversion ring 42 is approximately between about 0.008 inches (0.203 mm) to about 0.025 inches (0.635 mm). The wall thickness of theinversion ring 42 must be thin enough to allow theinversion ring 42 to be flexible and function properly. At a point along its circumventional shape, theinversion ring 42 may alternatively feature a small indentation, not illustrated but well known in the art, suitable for receiving a pawl that facilitates container rotation about the centrallongitudinal axis 50 during a labeling operation. - The circumferential wall or
edge 44, defining the transition between thecontact ring 34 and theinversion ring 42, is an upstanding wall approximately 0.030 inches (0.762 mm) to approximately 0.180 inches (4.572 mm) in height for a 2.75 inch (69.85 mm) diameter base container, approximately 0.050 inches (1.27 mm) to approximately 0.325 inches (8.255 mm) in height for a 5 inch (127 mm) diameter base container, or of such a similar proportion, and is generally seen as being parallel to the centrallongitudinal axis 50 of thecontainer 10. While the circumferential wall or edge 44 need not be exactly parallel to the centrallongitudinal axis 50, it should be noted that the circumferential wall oredge 44 is a distinctly identifiable structure between thecontact ring 34 and theinversion ring 42. The circumferential wall oredge 44 provides strength to the transition between thecontact ring 34 and theinversion ring 42. This transition must be abrupt in order to maximize the local strength as well as to form a geometrically rigid structure. The resulting localized strength increases the resistance to creasing in thebase 20. - When initially formed, the
central pushup 40 and theinversion ring 42 remain as described above and shown inFIGS. 1 ,3 and5 . Accordingly, as molded, a dimension 52 measured between anupper portion 54 of theinversion ring 42 and thesupport surface 38 is greater than or equal to adimension 56 measured between alower portion 58 of theinversion ring 42 and thesupport surface 38. Upon filling, thecentral portion 36 of thebase 20 and theinversion ring 42 will slightly sag or deflect downward toward thesupport surface 38 under the temperature and weight of the product. As a result, thedimension 56 becomes almost zero, that is, thelower portion 58 of theinversion ring 42 is practically in contact with thesupport surface 38. Upon capping, sealing and cooling, as shown inFIGS. 2 ,4 and6 , thecentral pushup 40 and theinversion ring 42 are raised or pulled upward, displacing volume, as a result of vacuum forces. In this position, thecentral pushup 40 generally retains its truncated cone shape in cross section with thetop surface 46 of thecentral pushup 40 remaining substantially parallel to thesupport surface 38. However, theinversion ring 42 is incorporated into thecentral portion 36 of thebase 20 and virtually disappears, becoming more conical in shape. Accordingly, upon capping, sealing and cooling thecontainer 10, thecentral portion 36 of the base 20 exhibits more of a conicalshape having surfaces 60 which are generally planar and slope upward toward the centrallongitudinal axis 50 of thecontainer 10, as shown inFIG. 6 . This conical shape and the generallyplanar surfaces 60 may be defined at anangle 62 of about 0° to about 15° relative to a horizontal plane or thesupport surface 38. The greater the dimension 52 and the smaller thedimension 56, the greater the achievable displacement of volume. - The amount or volume which the
central portion 36 of thebase 20 displaces is also dependant on the projected surface area of thecentral portion 36 of the base 20 as compared to the projected total surface area of thebase 20. In order to eliminate the necessity of providing vacuum panels or pinch grips in thebody portion 18 of thecontainer 10, thecentral portion 36 of thebase 20 is provided with a projected surface area of approximately 55%, and preferably greater than approximately 70%, of the total projected surface area of thebase 20. As illustrated inFIG. 5 , the relevant projected linear lengths across thebase 20 are identified as A, B, C1 and C2. The projected total surface area of the base 20 (PSAA) is defined by the equation:central portion 36 of the base 20 (PSAB) is defined by the equation:
where B = A-C1-C2. For a container having a 2.75 inch (69.85 mm) diameter base, the length of the chime 32 (C1 and C2) is generally in the range of approximately 0.030 inches (0.762 mm) to 0.36 inches (9.144 mm). Accordingly, the B dimension is generally in the range of approximately 2.03 inches (51.56 mm) to 2.69 inches (68.33 mm). Therefore, the projected surface area for thecentral portion 36 of the base 20 (PSAB) is generally in the range of approximately 3.23 in.2 (82.04 mm2) to 5.68 in.2 (144.27 mm2). Thus, by way of example, the projected surface area of thecentral portion 36 of the base 20 (PSAB) for a 2.75 inch (69.85 mm) diameter base container is generally in the range of approximately 54% to 96% of the projected total surface area of the base 20 (PSAA). The greater this percentage, the greater the amount of vacuum thecontainer 10 can accommodate without unwanted deformation in other areas of thecontainer 10. - Pressure acts in an uniform manner on the interior of a plastic container that is under vacuum. Force, however, will differ based on geometry (i.e., surface area). Thus, the pressure in a container having a cylindrical cross section is defined by the equation:
where F represents force in pounds and A represents area in inches squared. As illustrated inFIG. 1 , the diameter of thecentral portion 36 of thebase 20 is identified as d1. While the diameter of thebody portion 18 is identified as d2. Continuing withFIG. 1 , the height of thebody portion 18, from the bottom of theshoulder region 16 to the top of thechime 32, the smooth label panel area of theplastic container 10, is identified as I. As set forth above, it is well known that added geometry (e.g. ribs) in thebody portion 18 will have a stiffening effect. The below analysis considers only those portions of the container that do not have such geometry. - According to the above, the pressure associated with the
central portion 36 of the base 20 (PB) is defined by the equation:
where F1 represents the force exerted on thecentral portion 36 of thebase 20 andcentral portion 36 of thebase 20. Similarly, the pressure associated with the body portion 18 (PBP) is defined by the equation:
where F2 represents the force exerted on thebody portion 18 and A2 = πd 2 l, the area associated with thebody portion 18. Thus, a force ratio between the force exerted on thebody portion 18 of thecontainer 10 compared to the force exerted on thecentral portion 36 of thebase 20 is defined by the equation: - As set forth above, the difference in wall thickness between the base 20 and the
body portion 18 of thecontainer 10 is also of importance. The wall thickness of thebody portion 18 must be large enough to allow theinversion ring 42 to flex properly. As the above force ratio approaches 10, the wall thickness in thebase 20 of thecontainer 10 is required to be much less than the wall thickness of thebody portion 18. Depending on the geometry of thebase 20 and the amount of force required to allow theinversion ring 42 to flex properly, that is, the ease of movement, the wall thickness of thebody portion 18 must be at least 15%, on average, greater than the wall thickness of thebase 20. A greater difference is required if the container must withstand higher forces either from the force required to initially cause theinversion ring 42 to flex or to accommodate additional applied forces once the base 20 movement has completed. - The following table is illustrative of numerous containers which exhibit the above-described principles and concepts.
Container Size 20 oz. (.00059 m3) (I) 20 oz. (.00059 m3) (II) 20 oz. (.00059 m3) (III) 16 oz. (.00048 m3) d1 (inches) (mm) 2.509 (63.73) 2.4 (60.96) 2.485 (63.119) 2.4 (60.96) d2 (inches) (mm) 2.758 (70.05) 2.821 (71.65) 2.689 (68.30) 2.881 (73.18) I (inches) (mm) 2.901 (73.69) 4.039 (102.59) 2.669 (67.79) 3.211 (81.56) A1 (inches2) (cm2) 4.9 (31.61) 4.5 (29.03) 4.9 (31.61) 4.5 (29.03) A2 (inches2) (cm2) 25.1 (161.94) 35.8 (230.97) 22.5 (145.16) 29.1 (187.74) Force Ratio 5.08 7.91 4.65 6.42 Base (20) Wall Thickness (mils) 22 15 20 20 Body Portion (18) Wall Thickness (mils) 26 26 26 32 Body Portion (18) Wall Thickness Must Be At Least X% Greater Than Base (20) Wall Thickness 38 43 23 16 - Accordingly, the thin, flexible, curved, generally "S" shaped geometry of the
inversion ring 42 of thebase 20 of thecontainer 10 allows for greater volume displacement versus containers having a substantially flat base. - In an alternative embodiment, in order to improve aesthetics, the chime is not flared out. In such a container, the body portion, chime and base flow together more evenly and consistently. The container in such an alternative embodiment provides a more conventional visual impression.
- In another alternative embodiment, in order to improve functionality, a container includes a more prominent flared out chime. Under vacuum pressure, the flared out chime imperceptibly deforms inward, adding to the volume displacement capability of the container and further strengthening the outer edge of the base of the container.
- While the above description constitutes the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be appreciated that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change without departing from the proper scope and fair meaning of the accompanying claims.
Claims (14)
- Plastic container (10) having a base portion (20) adapted for vacuum absorption, said container (10) comprising:an upper portion having a mouth (22), and a body portion (18) extending from said upper portion to a base (20), said base (20) closing off a bottom of said container (10); said upper portion, said body portion (18) and said base (20) cooperating to define a chamber into which product can be filled; said base (20) including a contact ring (34) upon which said container (10) can be supported on a support surface (38), an upstanding wall (44) and a central portion (36); said upstanding wall (44) being adjacent to and generally circumscribing said contact ring (34); said central portion (36) being defined in at least part by a pushup (40) located on a longitudinal axis (50) of said container (10) and an inversion ring (42) extending from said upstanding wall (44) and circumscribing said pushup (40), said pushup (40) and said inversion ring (42) being moveable to accommodate vacuum forces generated within said container (10);wherein said inversion ring (42) defines an inwardly domed shaped portion when said container (10) is filled and sealed;
characterized in that said inversion ring (42) is S-shaped, when viewed in cross section, having adjoining sections of opposite directions of curvature when said container (10) is initially formed. - Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said upstanding wall (44) is generally parallel with said longitudinal axis (50) of said container (10).
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said upstanding wall (44) is immediately adjacent to said contact ring (34).
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said upstanding wall (44) transitions from said contact ring (34) at a substantially sharp corner.
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said upstanding wall (44) has a height of at least 0.030 inches (0.762 mm).
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said upstanding wall (44) has a height of about 0.180 inches (4.572 mm).
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said body portion (18) includes a substantially smooth sidewall (30).
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said inversion ring (42) has a wall thickness between about 0.008 inches (0.203 mm) to about 0.025 inches (0.635 mm).
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein a ratio between a force exerted on said base (20) compared to a force exerted on said body portion (18) is less than 10.
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said body portion (18) has a wall thickness and said base (20) has a wall thickness, said body portion (18) wall thickness being at least 15 % greater than said base (20) wall thickness.
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said central pushup (40) has a diameter which is equal to at most 30 % of an overall diameter of said base (20).
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said inversion ring (42) has a first portion (54) and a second portion (58), wherein a first distance (52) between said first portion (54) and said support surface (38) is greater than a second distance (56) between said second portion (58) and said support surface (38).
- Container (10) according to claim 1 wherein said pushup (40) is generally truncated cone shaped in cross section.
- Container (10) according to claim 13 wherein said pushup (40) has a top surface (46) which is generally parallel to said support surface (38) when said container (10) is formed, and after said container (10) is filled and sealed.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200431164T SI1633640T1 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2004-04-30 | Container with a base structure responsive to vacuum related forces |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/445,104 US6942116B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2003-05-23 | Container base structure responsive to vacuum related forces |
PCT/US2004/013341 WO2004106175A1 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2004-04-30 | Container base structure responsive to vacuum related forces |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1633640A1 EP1633640A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
EP1633640B1 true EP1633640B1 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
Family
ID=33450803
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04750969A Expired - Lifetime EP1633640B1 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2004-04-30 | Container with a base structure responsive to vacuum related forces |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6942116B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1633640B1 (en) |
JP (3) | JP4884970B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101087622B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100546879C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE427889T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2004242590B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0410631B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2526708C (en) |
DE (1) | DE602004020467D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1633640T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2322265T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA05012633A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ544001A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2318710C2 (en) |
SI (1) | SI1633640T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004106175A1 (en) |
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-
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JP6078500B2 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
ATE427889T1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
US20040232103A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
AU2004242590B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
JP4884970B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
BRPI0410631B1 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
KR20060031606A (en) | 2006-04-12 |
KR101087622B1 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
BRPI0410631A (en) | 2006-06-13 |
DK1633640T3 (en) | 2009-06-02 |
CA2526708A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
NZ544001A (en) | 2008-11-28 |
AU2004242590A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
SI1633640T1 (en) | 2009-10-31 |
CN1822989A (en) | 2006-08-23 |
US6942116B2 (en) | 2005-09-13 |
CA2526708C (en) | 2011-10-18 |
ES2322265T3 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
RU2318710C2 (en) | 2008-03-10 |
JP2006528116A (en) | 2006-12-14 |
DE602004020467D1 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
WO2004106175A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
RU2005140293A (en) | 2006-05-10 |
JP2014184987A (en) | 2014-10-02 |
MXPA05012633A (en) | 2006-05-25 |
CN100546879C (en) | 2009-10-07 |
EP1633640A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
JP2011079585A (en) | 2011-04-21 |
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