EP1721536A1 - Ventilation system for shoes or socks - Google Patents

Abstract

Ventilation system has the shoe, which has a buffer layer (1) of partially flexible material over the outer sole or the insole. The buffer layer has a cushion (12) formed in a hollow space in unloaded condition, whose upper side (9) in each case possess an air inlet openings (3) and in each case lower side or side wall possess air outlet openings. The sum of the surface of the air inlet opening of a cushion is larger than the sum of the air outlet opening of the cushion. The air outlet openings open out into the air channels of the outer sole.

Description

The invention relates to a ventilation system for shoes or stockings.

When wearing shoes, in particular sports shoes, it can be observed that the wearer often complains of sole burning or deaf (fallen asleep) feet or toes. The phenomenon is not only unpleasant, but often leads to the termination of training.

The outsoles of shoes are made of conventional abrasion resistant materials such as a rubber compound or leather. These soles have, based on the blood flow to the feet, a major disadvantage: they are unable to adapt depending on the load interval or body temperature to a required degree of hardness or change. Known massaging shoe soles or shoes do not offer the possibility of ventilation or moisture regulation and associated heat dissipation. Shoe designers have already endeavored to provide ventilation systems or massage systems for improving heat dissipation or circulation.

The techniques for aeration of shoes consist essentially in the use of holes, which are in the shoe upper or a plurality of holes or micro holes, which are located in the sole area, which are to allow for external penetration of steam. Such a shoe is for example from the EP 0 382 904 A2 known.

The techniques for a foot massage by wearing a shoe consist essentially in the use of point-like elevations, which are on the foot facing Side of the tread of an insole or insole. Such bumps are made of materials which have a consistent material hardness, regardless of a loading interval or the body or ambient temperature which act when using a corresponding shoe or a sole.

Such a sole is for example from the DE 35 08 582 C2 known. In the known embodiment, nub-like elevations are incorporated into the insole, which have in their core a foam rubber material. Where the materials used here have a constant hardness of 15 to 30 Shore independent of external influences. An "automatic" control / adjustment of the degree of hardness and the resulting change in the massage effect is not provided. It was found that the degree of hardness of the massaging surveys, too low, to bring about an effective massage. If materials made of a harder material were chosen, they would be more effective at massaging, but the permanent use of an appropriate sole or shoe would be uncomfortable, causing pressure points and causing overstimulation.

Another example of a massage sole is from the DE 83 04 272 known. In this proposed solution magnets are used, which on the one hand due to their energy field and on the other by the volume of the magnets, which are perceived as foreign bodies within the tread mass. An "automatic" control / adjustment of the degree of hardness or the energy field by external influences is not disclosed in this solution. It has been determined that the degree of hardness of the massaging surveys, too low to bring about an effective massage. If materials were selected that consisted of a harder material, the effects described above would occur.

Other examples of massaging soles or shoes see the Use of electronic components such as batteries, which create vibrations or provide a positive influence on the blood flow of a foot by heat pulses. Electronic components within a shoe sole or shoe are vulnerable and batteries must be charged or replaced, which is relatively uncomfortable and also adds to the burden on the environment.

In addition, the aforementioned solutions have the disadvantage that they do not provide ventilation openings, which allow the exchange of air. This is a not to be ignored deficiency, considering that the sole of the foot has an extremely high concentration of sweat glands. The result is the so-called "sneaker foot". Anyone who does not wear sufficiently breathable shoes and socks over a longer period of time will soon have a sweat foot. Due to poorly ventilated shoes, allergies and viral diseases, among other things, can lead to a wide variety of clinical pictures.

There are also known solutions, according to which a certain pumping motion is to be achieved by the running movement, wherein air channels are present, which are closed with one-way valves, see for example DE 36 10 354 C2 ,

In other solutions, a valve effect is achieved by the mutual movement of several elastic and structured sole layers, so after EP 0 910 964 B1 , However, the pump volume is small and the sole construction is relatively complicated. A similar complicated structure is out WO 2004/017777 A1 known.

To WO 2004/037031 A1 There is known a shoe equipped with pumping elements intended to convey air from side openings in the outsole to an insole. However, the air is carried only at openings of an insole and thus only partially along the sole of the foot, since the upper openings in the pumping chambers during the foot movement more or less closed by the sole of the foot. In addition, the air exchange is insufficient. When the shoe is pressed down, the air flows outwards and when it is relieved, it flows inwards again. The shoe sole "breathes" during the running movement so to speak "on and off". The air exchange is thus always hindered by the "inhaled" air, which remains in pumping chambers, which are not fully compressed, in this.

Through openings in the upper of the shoe have the disadvantage that the openings, which should allow the exchange of air below the sole of the foot, only allow ventilation of the foot.

The invention is based on the object to effectively combat the problem of deafing the feet and to provide a more effective full-surface ventilation for shoe soles or stockings, which also binds the moisture of the foot perspiration. In addition, a massaging effect of the sole is to be achieved, which is to be influenced by the wearing interval, the duration of wear and body temperature. In this case, such soles should be made in a structurally simple manner, inexpensively and without electronic components.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are mentioned in the subclaims.

Thereafter, the shoe over the outsole on a buffer layer of an at least partially elastic material containing at least in the unloaded state cavities forming cushions whose tops each have at least one air inlet opening and the at least one underside or side wall at least one air outlet opening, wherein the sum of Areas of the air inlet openings of a cushion is greater than the sum of the air outlet surfaces of a cushion, and the air outlet openings in air channels in the Outsole open.

The e.g. annular cavities may be filled with a rubber elastic foam material which has been treated with a body temperature thermosensitive material such as a paraffin, microcrystalline paraffin or fat, wherein the air inlet openings and the air outlet openings are interconnected by a closed channel.

The foam materials may also include other materials such as e.g. a granules of cork or polymer compounds. Optionally, the foam material may be magnetic and / or the buffer layer is at least partially made of magnetic material.

The tops of the cushions may have concavities at the air inlet openings which promote the ventilation effect when passing through an area such as a floor. be closed when putting on with one foot and / or pressing an insole. When pressing down the trapped air in the concavity is pressed through the air inlet opening into a channel in the direction of the air outlet opening.

The channel between the air inlet and the air outlet opening has elastic side walls and expediently consists of the material of a cushion.

The buffer layer can be used instead of a typical fire or insole for this application. It can consist of a thermosensitive material. In addition, she may have on her foot-facing side structures that support a massage.

The buffer layer may have at its surfaces via connecting devices, which produces an air-sealing connection to the shoe sole, which positively supports air flow (seals the interface between buffer layer and outsole).

Since in each case the total area of the air inlet openings is greater than that of the air outlet openings of a cushion, a directed air flow arises to the outside, without the need for a one-way valve.

Suitably, the buffer layer is covered with a preferably anatomically shaped insole, which still supports this valve action. This should then consist of an air-permeable, porous material, for example textile material.

The air inlet openings and the air outlet openings may optionally be covered with an air-permeable cover layer. This prevents accumulation of dust / lint or dirt within the channel between the air inlet and outlet openings.

The insole may consist of a material which is displaceable with a fragrance, color and / or active substance, such as, for example, silver ions, which reduce the proliferation of bacteria.

It is also possible to provide the insole with an indicator dye to visualize temperature changes of the insole. This is particularly useful when the insole is visible from the outside, e.g. transparent material parts of the outsole and / or the shoe upper. In addition, it is possible to use the insole with a latent heat storage, as e.g. from BASF under the trade name Micronal, which is able to store heat / cold through a phase transformation.

Also, the thermosensitive material of the buffer layer and / or the rubbery foam material may be in contact with or offset with a fragrance color or active agent such as a latent heat storage. This would have in the In the case of storing temperatures lower than the temperature which makes a thermosensitive material relatively compliant, the advantage is that the enhanced massaging effect of the thermosensitive material is maintained for a longer period of time.

The cavities can be filled exclusively with a thermosensitive material. The restoring forces, which would stretch this again after compression of the cavity would come in this case of the air trapped in the cavity and of the elastic materials, of which there is a cavity.

The material of the buffer layer and / or the rubber-elastic foam material may also consist of an electroactive or thermo-active material. Thermoactive materials can change their material properties through heating. For electroactive materials, this change in material properties can be caused solely by changing an applied voltage.

The buffer layer may consist of several layers which are glued together. The layers may optionally consist of different materials.

The cushions can form closed hollow bodies, which are designed, for example, as tubular or tubular cavities lying next to or above one another. The individual cavities can each be filled with different rubber-elastic foam materials or a mixture which differ in their hardness or their elasticity and / or thermosensitive properties. The different rubber-elastic foam materials may be mixed with different thermosensitive materials which have an increased viscosity at body temperature (they then become softer). Suitable thermosensitive materials are, for example, paraffin, microcrystalline paraffin, fats, beeswax. Thermosensitive materials for use Within a massage and ventilation system for shoes according to the invention, their material hardness changes in a temperature range which corresponds approximately to the body temperature. Rubber elastic foam materials reduce the weight and amount of thermosensitive material needed. Due to their open-pore structure, the rubber-elastic foam materials allow a uniform distribution of the thermosensitive material. The uniform distribution of the thermosensitive materials within the elastomeric foam material is effected by the wearing and consequent compression and subsequent stretching of a cavity. Rubber elastic foam materials that have been spiked with a thermosensitive material within a cavity have the further advantage of being highly compressible within a cavity during high compression, such as when putting on a foot. The elastic material of a cavity and / or a connecting channel prevents it from bursting or tearing.

Furthermore, the cavities may be interconnected via connecting channels through which trapped air and heat-flowable thermosensitive materials can flow into less loaded cavities and / or connecting channels when a hollow space or a connecting channel is compressed. As a result of this flow, the buffer layer moves when it is loaded with one foot during placement. By this movement and by the massage effect, the burning or "falling asleep" of the foot surface is greatly reduced.

The material properties of the thermo-sensitive material, which are initially solid at room temperature, cause a strong massage on the sole of the foot. If the thermosensitive material becomes fluid / elastic due to the body temperature, the massage effect decreases. Pressure points or over-irritation are avoided.

The discharged air from the inside of the shoe can be directed through air ducts to the outside. Air outlet openings can be formed from the shoe upper and / or the outsole. A connection between the buffer layer and the outside air is made by air channels, which are part of the outsole, insole and / or the buffer layer or a combination of outsole, fire and buffer layer. The air channels can be formed by indentations or material recesses. Furthermore, an air duct may consist of a separate part, e.g. a preferably elastic hollow body.

The air channels may have in their inner moisture absorber, which absorb moisture and dry at lower humidity by the air flow again. This is especially helpful during heavy physical activities and low temperatures, which would result in condensation accumulation within the buffer layer. Constant air circulation within the air ducts and the connecting channels evaporates the previously collected condensation water. A color / fragrance ingredient within the moisture absorber prevents the proliferation of germs / bacteria / fungi (microorganisms) or a resulting odor. The moisture absorber may consist of a carrier material to which has been applied a swellable material, such as cross-linked sodium polyacrylate, proteins or casein.

The cavities may be interconnected at their sides such that thermosensitive material as well as air may escape from one cavity to the next.

By using a one-way air passage opening, the air flow profile can be reversed, when loading the buffer layer escapes air from the channels in the shoe interior. The air outlet opening is located in this case on the foot-facing side of the buffer layer, a Closing the air outlet opening by placing it with the foot is prevented by concavities surrounding the air outlet openings on their sides. The air outlet opening is located in the recess of the concavity and thus can not be closed by the air-permeable insole.

The buffer layer can be incorporated only in a part of the shoe sole or formed as an insole.

For protection against moisture, the air outlet openings or the air duct openings with a cover layer, which is impermeable to water and consists for example of microfiber material, are closed. In addition, of course, as in previously known manner, one-way valves can be provided.

The cushions can be formed to a different extent from the material of the buffer layer and thus have different damping properties.

In addition, it is possible to form the top and / or side walls of a cavity of different material thicknesses. This would increase the massaging effect on the soles of the feet and could divide the intensity of the massage acting on the sole of the foot into different areas. If cushions with cavities with different massage properties are arranged, massage surfaces result, which cause a high perfusion of the feet and can be used for targeted stimulation of reflex zones of the sole of the foot. Targeted irritation of nerve cords residing in the tissue of the foot may have a positive effect on the health and well-being of the wearer. The design and arrangement of the massaging / stimulating surfaces may be arranged in such a way that their extension and material properties (degree of the Massage effect) stimulate specified reflex zones. The position of the individual organs and the corresponding reflex points on the sole of the foot are known.

The embodiments that support foot reflex zone massage may also provide striped or oval configurations. An implementation and use of the massage effect on the sole of the foot can be adapted to the respective application areas. Here, e.g. It can be distinguished whether it is particularly reflex zones that are associated with, for example, the cross area, the sexual organs, internal organs or the autonomic nervous system. Depending on the desired mode of action, the massage effect and arrangement may be different. In addition to these statements, various other reflexology areas are conceivable, which have a positive effect on organs or body regions.

So far, massaging insoles were in their effect and function only on the material thickness and arrangement of the massage surfaces controllable in their stimulating effect with the invention massaging sole control of the massage intensity during wear is possible: targeted stimulation at the beginning of wearing, targeted other stimulation at low outside temperatures. Depending on the activity (outside or inside / summer or winter), the massage effect changes. Individual areas can be activated or deactivated by a "control" (temperature). The thermosensitivity may vary from massage to massage. The stimulation and duration of reflex zones can now be controlled much more accurately and precisely.

Fig. 1

den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer nach der Erfindung hergestellten Pufferschicht in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 2

die Pufferschicht in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt durch ein einzelnes Kissen,

Fig. 4

eine zugehörige Außensohle in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 5

die Außensohle in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 6

eine Innensohle in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 7

eine Innensohle in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 8

eine zweite Variante einer Pufferschicht in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 9

diese Variante in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 10

einen Querschnitt durch ein einzelnes Kissen bei dieser zweiten Variante,

Fig. 11

eine dritte Variante einer Pufferschicht in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 12

diese Variante in der Ansicht von unten,

Fig. 13

diese Variante in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 14

eine Variante mit einer besonderen Massagewirkung durch Befüllung der Hohlräume der Pufferschicht,

Fig. 15

die Pufferschicht gemäß Fig. 14 in Seitenansicht,

Fig. 16

die Pufferschicht gemäß Fig. 14 im Schnitt und

Fig. 17

eine Variante mit einer Anordnung zur Fußreflexzonenmassage.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to two embodiments. In the accompanying drawings show

Fig. 1

the basic structure of a buffer layer produced according to the invention in a plan view,

Fig. 2

the buffer layer in a side view,

Fig. 3

a section through a single pillow,

Fig. 4

an associated outsole in a plan view,

Fig. 5

the outsole in a side view,

Fig. 6

an insole in a plan view,

Fig. 7

an insole in a side view,

Fig. 8

a second variant of a buffer layer in a plan view,

Fig. 9

this variant in a side view,

Fig. 10

a cross section through a single cushion in this second variant,

Fig. 11

a third variant of a buffer layer in a plan view,

Fig. 12

this variant in the view from below,

Fig. 13

this variant in a side view,

Fig. 14

a variant with a special massage effect by filling the cavities of the buffer layer,

Fig. 15

the buffer layer according to FIG. 14 in side view,

Fig. 16

the buffer layer of FIG. 14 in section and

Fig. 17

a variant with an arrangement for foot reflexology.

FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of the invention Ventilation system. It consists of an elastic buffer layer 1, in which at least one pad 12 is formed, which encloses a cavity 2. Such a cavity 2 is shown in FIG. 3 in cross section. By a force, such as occurs when walking is, by the foot surface or an insole 8, which is applied to the entire top of the buffer layer 1, or by both an air inlet opening 3, which is in the top 9 of the cavities second is closed. By the downward pressing of the cavity 2, the air contained in the cavity 2 is compressed, which is through an air outlet opening 4, which is located in the bottom 10 of the buffer layer 1, and then through an air channel 7, which is in the material of a below the buffer layer applied outsole 5 is located (Figures 4 and 5), can escape through air duct openings 6 to the outside. At the same time catch the elastic buffer layer 1, the top 9 and elastic side walls 11, which form the cavity 2, a part of the force, as it acts when walking on the shoe, from. The portion of the force that they can not absorb is received by the compliant, compressible material of the outsole 5.

FIG. 2 shows the buffer layer 1 with the cushions 12 in a side view.

The air inlet openings 3 and the air outlet openings 4 may optionally be covered with an air-permeable covering layer 21. This prevents accumulation of dust / lint or dirt within the channel between the air inlet and outlet openings.

The air channels 7 may be filled with a moisture absorber 19 and / or a fragrance, color or drug.

The insole 8 (Figures 6 and 7) expediently consists of textile material and is applied over the top 9 of the buffer layer 1 to the comfort and a uniform distribution of moisture, such as foot perspiration over the entire surface of the top 9 to achieve. The insole 8 also supports a closing of the air inlet opening. 3

By removing the force, for example when lifting the foot, stretch the elastic side walls of the cavity 2 in its original form. It creates a suction effect. Since the air inlet opening 3 is larger than the air outlet opening 4, a large part of the air is sucked through the air inlet opening 3 through the material of the air-permeable insole 8 therethrough. If these movements are constantly repeated, as is typically the case when walking, spent and moist air flows through the insole 8 to the outside. Caused by this draft, evaporation of moisture takes place. There is a cooling (adiabatic cooling) of the insole 8 instead. This cooling is caused by the fact that the insole 8 moisture, and its environment is deprived of the necessary "evaporation heat" (evaporation heat) to evaporate. The evaporation process and thus the evaporative cooling is enhanced when the resulting steam is removed as quickly as possible by a dry draft (incoming outside air), so that constantly back unsaturated air reaches the point where the evaporation takes place.

The moisture extracted from the insole 8, in particular from the areas above the air inlet opening 3, migrates from the surrounding areas of the insole 8 by the adhesion force of the capillaries of the material constituting the insole 8, so that the insole 8 dries uniformly due to the suction effect.

Constant repetition of these forces results in continuous air circulation, dehumidification and cooling.

Depending on the application of the cooling system, the material thickness and nature of the buffer layer 1 may be different.

FIGS. 8 to 10 show a further variant of the buffer layer 1 with a honeycomb-like structure.

A similar structure shows the variant of FIGS. 11 to 13, except that here between the pad 12 bulges 13 are present, which are arranged with the pad 12 alternately in rows. Between the pad 12 and the bulges 13 remain gaps 14. The bulges 13 are formed from the material of the buffer layer 1 and have no voids. They should serve a massage effect for the sole of the foot. The chosen arrangement in rows of bulges 13 and pillow 12 creates a large massage surface, which causes increased blood flow to the sole of the foot. The arrangement may be transverse, oblique or vertical. The rows can be wavy.

The remaining spaces 14 provide the bulges 13 place when they are pressed down and thereby widening. In addition, the gaps 14 allow the lateral mobility of the bulges 13. This additionally supports the massage effect.

14 to 17 show variants in which the cavities 2 are filled while leaving a channel 17 with a rubber-elastic material 15, which in turn is mixed with a thermosensitive material 16. The thermosensitive material 16 may be, for example, paraffin or fat. The ventilation effect is supported by indentations 22. Air inlet openings 3 and air outlet openings 4 are connected by the channels 17, which consist of the elastic material of the pad 12.

Furthermore, the cavities 2 are connected to one another via connecting channels 18, through which trapped air and heat-flowable thermosensitive materials 16 when compressing a Holraumes 2 or a connecting channel 18 in less loaded cavities 2 and / or connecting channels 18 can flow. By this flow, the buffer layer 1 moves when it is loaded during placement with a foot. This movement causes a massage effect.

Fig. 17 shows a variant with even enhanced massage effect (foot reflexology). The filling of the pad 12 takes place in two annular zones with different degrees of hardness.

The underside of the buffer layer 1 can be made of a hard material and used as an insole.

The buffer layer 1 may be laminated with a layer of a latex foam, cork, cellulose, a split leather or other wear-friendly layer.

The massage points may have a different hardness (shore) than the remaining surface of the buffer layer 1.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

buffer layer

2

cavity

3

Air inlet opening

4

Air outlet opening

5

outsole

6

Air duct opening

7

air duct

8th

insole

9

top

10

bottom

11

side walls

12

pillow

13

bulges

14

interspaces

15

Rubber elastic foam material

16

Thermosensitive material

17

channel

18

connecting channel

19

Desiccant

20

Fragrance / colorant (e.g., silver ions against bacteria)

21

covering

22

indentations

Claims (42)

Ventilation system for shoes or stockings,
characterized in that
the shoe over the outsole (5) or the insole has a buffer layer (1) of an at least partially elastic material which contains at least in the unloaded state cavities (2) forming cushion (12) whose tops (9) each have at least one air inlet opening ( 3) and the at least one underside (10) or side wall (11) have at least one air outlet opening (4), wherein the sum of the areas of the air inlet openings (3) of a cushion (12) is greater than the sum of the air outlet surfaces (4) Pillow (12), and the air outlet openings (4) in air channels (7) in the outsole (5) open. Ventilation system according to claim 1, characterized
that
the air inlet openings (3) and the air outlet openings (4) are connected to one another by a closed channel (17) and the cavities (2) are filled with an elastic foam material (15) which is mixed with a thermosensitive material (16). Ventilation system according to claim 2, characterized
that
the pads (12) are arranged on the buffer layer (1) so that they are suitable for foot reflexology. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the cushions (12) are arched at the air inlet openings (3). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the cavities (2) are interconnected by channels (18). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) as a whole consists of a thermosensitive material (16). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) is provided at its foot-facing side with a structure that supports a massage. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) is covered with an insole (8). Ventilation system according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) is designed as an insole (8). Ventilation system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that
the insole (8) is anatomically shaped. Ventilation system according to one of claims 8 to 10,
characterized in that
the insole (8), the foam material (15) and / or the thermosensitive material (16) with a fragrance, color or active substance (20) is impregnated. Ventilation system according to one of claims 8 to 11,
characterized in that
the insole (8) is made of a porous material such as cork, cellulose, leather / split leather, latex foam, polyurethane foam. Ventilation system according to claim 8 to 11,
characterized in that
the insole (8) consists of a textile material. Ventilation system according to one of claims 8 to 12,
characterized in that
the insole (8) is provided with an indicator dye. Ventilation system according to one of claims 8 to 14,
characterized in that
the insole (8) communicates with a latent heat accumulator. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) is in communication with a latent heat store. Ventilation system according to one of claims 1 to 15,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) consists of a material which has the function of a latent heat accumulator. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the upper side (9) of the buffer layer (1) consists of a different material than the remaining material of the buffer layer (1). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the underside (9) of the buffer layer (1) consists of a material different from the rest of the material of the buffer layer (1). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the upper side (9) and the lower side (10) are connected to the side walls (11) by gluing together. Ventilation system according to one of claims 1 to 19,
characterized in that
the upper side (9) and the lower side (10) are connected to the side walls (11) by welding together. Ventilation system according to one of claims 1 to 19,
characterized in that
the upper side (9) and the lower side (10) are made of a molded part, for example by extrusion. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) is embedded in a part of a shoe sole. Ventilation system according to one of claims 1 to 22,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) is designed in the form of an insole. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the air outlet opening (4) is located in at least one side wall (11) of a cushion (12). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the air outlet opening (4) is closed in each case with a valve. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the air outlet opening (4) is designed as a perforation. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the air channel opening (6) is closed with at least one valve. Ventilation system according to one of claims 1 to 27,
characterized in that
the air channel opening (6) is provided with an air-permeable membrane. Ventilation system according to claim 29, characterized in that
the air duct opening (6) is provided with a microfiber layer. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the air inlet opening (3) is provided with an air-permeable membrane. Ventilation system according to one of claims 1 to 30,
characterized in that
the air inlet opening (3) is designed as a perforation. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) consists at least partially of an electroactive or thermoactive polymer. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the air duct (7) at least partially adjacent to the side walls (11). Ventilation system according to claim 34, characterized in that
the air duct (7) is at least partially formed by the side walls (11). Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) in the region of the pads (12) has different strengths. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
between the cavities (2) forming the cushion (12) of the buffer layer (1) solid bulges are formed. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the pillows (12) are designed annular. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the elastic foam material (15) is magnetic. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the buffer layer (1) is at least partially magnetic. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
The thermosensitive material (16) is at least partially magnetic. Ventilation system according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
in the interior of an air channel (7, 17, 18) a moisture absorber is arranged.

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