EP1741039A1 - Informationssignalverarbeitung durch modifikation in der spektral-/modulationsspektralbereichsdarstellung - Google Patents
Informationssignalverarbeitung durch modifikation in der spektral-/modulationsspektralbereichsdarstellungInfo
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- EP1741039A1 EP1741039A1 EP05735002A EP05735002A EP1741039A1 EP 1741039 A1 EP1741039 A1 EP 1741039A1 EP 05735002 A EP05735002 A EP 05735002A EP 05735002 A EP05735002 A EP 05735002A EP 1741039 A1 EP1741039 A1 EP 1741039A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
- G10L19/0212—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders using orthogonal transformation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
- G10L19/06—Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g. of the short-term prediction coefficients
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Processing of the speech or voice signal to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
- G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
- G10L2021/02087—Noise filtering the noise being separate speech, e.g. cocktail party
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the processing of information signals in general, e.g. of audio signals, video signals or other multimedia signals, and in particular on the processing of information signals in the spectral / modulation spectral range.
- signals which consist of a carrier signal component and a modulation component.
- modulated signals a representation in which the signals are broken down into carrier and modulation components is often required in order, for example, to be able to filter, code or otherwise modify them.
- audio coding For the purposes of audio coding, it is known, for example, to subject the audio signal to a so-called modulation transformation.
- the audio signal is broken down into frequency bands by a transformation.
- the amount and phase are then broken down. While the phase is not being further processed, the amounts per sub-band are transformed again in a second transformation using a number of transformation blocks.
- the result is a frequency decomposition of the temporal envelope of the sub-band in question into modulation coefficients. Audio encodings that insist on such a modulation transformation are described, for example, in M. Vinton and L.
- a disadvantage of the above audio coding schemes using a modulation transform is the following fact. As long as no further processing steps are carried out on the modulation coefficients together with the phases, the modulation coefficients form a spectral / modulation spectral representation of the audio signal which is reversible and perfectly reconstructive, ie can be converted back into the original audio signal in the time domain without changes. In these methods, however, the modulation coefficients are filtered in order to reduce or quantize the modulation coefficients to the smallest possible values according to psychoacoustic criteria, so that the highest possible compression rate is achieved. However, this generally does not achieve the desired goal of removing the relevant modulation components from the resulting signal or of introducing specific quantization noise into this component.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a processing scheme for information signals which enables a more specific processing of information signals according to modulation and carrier components.
- a device for processing an information signal comprises a device for converting the information signal into a time / spectral representation by transforming the information signal block by block and a device for converting the information signal from the time / spectral representation into a spectral / modulation spectral representation, the device is designed for transfer in such a way that the spectral / modulation spectral representation depends on both an amount component and a phase component of the time / spec tral representation of the information signal.
- a device then manipulates or modifies the information signal in the spectral / modulation spectral representation in order to obtain a modified spectral / modulation spectral representation.
- a further device forms a processed information signal, which represents a processed version of the information signal, based on the modified spectral / modulation spectral representation.
- the main idea of the present invention is that a more strict processing of information signals according to modulation and carrier components can be achieved if the transfer of the information signal from the time / spectral representation or the time / frequency representation to the spectral / modulation spectral representation or the frequency / modulation frequency representation is carried out as a function of both an amount component and a phase component of the time / spectral representation of the information signal.
- the transfer of the information signal from the time / spectral representation or the time / frequency representation to the spectral / modulation spectral representation or the frequency / modulation frequency representation is carried out as a function of both an amount component and a phase component of the time / spectral representation of the information signal.
- the conversion of the information signal from the time / spectral representation into the spectral / modulation spectral representation taking into account both the amount and the phase brings with it the problem that the time / spectral representation of the information signal actually not only of the information signal but also of depends on the phase shift of the time blocks to the carrier spectral component of the information signal.
- the block-wise transformation of the information signal from the time representation into the time / spectral representation has the effect that the sequences of spectral values obtained per spectral component in the time / spectral representation of the information signal result in a modulated complex Have carriers that depend only on the asynchrony of the block repetition frequency to the carrier frequency component of the information signal.
- demodulation of the sequence of spectral values in the time / spectral representation of the information signal is therefore carried out per spectral component in order to obtain a demodulated sequence of spectral values per spectral component.
- the subsequent conversion of the demodulated sequences of spectral values obtained in this way is carried out by block-wise transformations from the time / spectral representation into the spectral / modulation spectral representation or by block-wise spectral decomposition thereof, whereby blocks of modulation values are obtained.
- These are manipulated or modified, such as weighted with a corresponding weighting function, for example for bandpass filtering to remove the modulation component from the original information signal.
- the result is a modified demodulated sequence of spectral values or modified demodulated time / spectral representation.
- the complex carrier is modulated again onto the modified demodulated sequences of spectral values thus obtained, as a result of which a modified sequence of spectral values is obtained which represents part of a time / spectral representation of the processed information signal.
- a return of this representation to the time representation results in a processed information signal in the time representation or time range, which can be changed extremely precisely with respect to the modulation and carrier components with respect to the original information signal.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for processing an information signal according to a Embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic sketch to illustrate the functioning of the device according to FIG. 1.
- the device of FIG. 1 shows a device for processing an information signal according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the device of FIG. 1, indicated generally at 10, comprises an input 12, at which it receives the information signal 14 to be processed.
- the device of FIG. 1 is provided, by way of example, for processing the information signal 14 in such a way that the modulation component is removed from the information signal 14, and thus to obtain a processed information signal with only the carrier component.
- the device 10 comprises an output 16 in order to output the carrier component as the processing result or the processed information signal 18.
- the device 10 is essentially divided into a part 20 for converting the information signal 14 from a time representation into a time / frequency representation, and a device 22 for converting the information signal from the time / frequency representation into the frequency / Modulation frequency representation, a part 24 in which the actual processing takes place, namely the modification of the information signal, and a part 26 for converting the information signal processed in the frequency / modulation frequency representation from this representation into the time representation.
- the four parts mentioned are connected in series in this order between the input 12 and the output 16, their more precise structure and their mode of operation being described in the following.
- the part 20 of the device 10 comprises a windowing device 28 and a transformation device 30 which connect to input 12 in this order.
- an input of the windowing device 28 is connected to the input 12 in order to receive the information signal 14 as a sequence of information values. If the information signal is still present as an analog signal, this can be converted, for example, by an A / D converter or a discrete sampling into a sequence of information or sampling values.
- the windowing device 28 forms blocks of the same number of information values from the sequence of information values and also carries out a weighting with a weighting function on each block of information values, which, however, cannot, for example, exclusively correspond to a sine window or a KBD window. The blocks can overlap, such as by 50%, or not.
- An output of the windowing device 28 is connected to an input of the transformation device 30.
- the blocks of information values output by the windowing device 28 are received by the transformation device 30.
- the transformation device 30 then subjects the same to a spectrally decomposing transformation in blocks, such as a DFT or another complex transformation.
- the transformation device 30 thus achieves a block-by-block breakdown of the information signal 14 into spectral components and thus generates a block of spectral values, which comprises one spectral value per spectral component, in particular per time block, as obtained from the windowing device 28.
- Several spectral values can be combined into subbands. In the following, however, the terms subband and Spectral component used synonymously.
- the transformation device 30 For each spectral component or each subband there is one spectral value per time block, or several, if a subband summary is available, which is not assumed in the following.
- the transformation device 30 outputs a sequence of spectral values per spectral component or sub-band, which represent the time profile of this spectral component or this sub-band.
- the spectral values output by the transformation device 30 represent a time / frequency representation of the information signal 14.
- the part 22 comprises a carrier frequency determination device 32, a mixer 34 serving as a demodulation device, a windowing device 36, and a second transformation device 38.
- the windowing device 32 comprises an input which is connected to the output of the transformation device 30. There it receives the spectral value sequences for the individual sub-bands and divides the spectral value sequences per sub-band into blocks - similar to how the windowing device 28 does with respect to the information signal 14 - and weights the spectral values of each block with a suitable weighting function.
- the weighting function can be one of the weighting functions already mentioned above as an example with regard to device 28.
- the successive blocks in a subband may or may not overlap, with the following example again assuming mutual overlap by 50%. In the following it is assumed that the blocks of different subbands are aligned with one another, as will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 1.
- the windowing device outputs sequences of windowed spectral value blocks per subband.
- the carrier frequency determination device 32 also has an input, which is connected to the output of the transformation device 30, in order to obtain the spectral values of the subbands or spectral components as a sequence of spectral values per subband. It is intended to find out in each subband that carrier component which results from the fact that the individual time blocks from which the individual spectral values of the subbands have been derived have a time-shifted phase offset to the carrier frequency component of the information signal 14.
- the carrier component determined per subband outputs the carrier frequency determination device 32 at its output to an input of the mixer 34, which in turn has a further input which is connected to the output of the windowing device 36.
- the mixer "34 is formed so as to each sub-band, the blocks of windowed spectral values as they are output from the transformation device, multiplied by the complex conjugates of the respective carrier component, as it has been determined by the carrier frequency determination means 30 for each sub-band, whereby the subbands or blocks of windowed spectral values are demodulated.
- Demodulated sub-bands thus result at the output of mixer 34 or a sequence of demodulated blocks of windowed spectral values result per sub-band.
- the output of the mixer 34 is connected to an input of the separation information device 38, so that the latter receives mutually overlapping blocks of windowed and demodulated spectral values for each sub-band, here 50% as an example, and transforms or blocks these into the spectral / modulation spectral representation spectrally decomposed so that, by processing all subbands or spectral components, a previously only modifiable with regard to demodulation of the subband spectral value sequences ornamental frequency / modulation frequency representation of the information signal 14 to generate.
- the transformation on which the transformation device 38 per subband is based can be, for example, a DFT, an MDCT, MDST or the like, and in particular also the same transformation as that of the transformation device 30.
- the transformations are both transformation devices 30, 38 is a DFT.
- the transformation device 38 outputs at its output for each subband or each spectral component blocks of values, which are referred to below as modulation values and represent a spectral decomposition of the blocks of windowed and demodulated spectral values.
- modulation values represent a spectral decomposition of the blocks of windowed and demodulated spectral values.
- the blocks of spectral values per subband with respect to which the transformation device 38 carries out the transformations are aligned with one another in time, so that a matrix of modulation values composed of one modulation value block per subband always results in the same time period.
- the modulation values are forwarded by the transformation device 38 to the part 24, which has only one signal processing device 40.
- the signal processing device 40 is connected to the output of the transformation device 38 and thus receives the blocks of modulation values.
- the signal processing device 40 since the device 10 serves to suppress the modulation component, the signal processing device 40 carries out an effective low-pass filtering in the frequency range on the incoming blocks of modulation values, namely a weighting of the modulation values with a function which, starting from the modulation frequency zero, increases or decreases lower modulation frequencies drop.
- the signal processing device 40 forwards the blocks of modulation values modified in this way to the return part 26.
- the modified blocks of modulation values outputted by the device 40 represent a modified frequency / modulation frequency representation of the information signal 14, or in other words a frequency / modulation frequency representation which deviates from the frequency / modulation frequency representation of the modified information signal 18 by the demodulation by the mixer 34.
- the return transfer part 26 is in turn divided into two parts, namely a part for transferring the processed information signal 18 from the frequency / modulation frequency representation, as output by the signal processing device 40, into the time / frequency representation, and a part for returning the processed one Information signal from the time / frequency display to the time display.
- the first of the two parts comprises a transformation device 42 for carrying out a block-wise transformation inverse to the transformation after the transformation device 38, a mixer 46 and an assembly device 44.
- the second part of the feedback part 26 comprises a transformation device 48 for carrying out a transformation for the transformation of the Transformation device 30 inverse block-wise transformation and an assembly device 50.
- the inverse transformation device 42 is connected with its input to the output of the signal processing device 40 and transforms the modified " blocks of modulation values from the spectral representation back to the time / frequency representation in partial bands and thus reverses the spectral decomposition in order to produce a sequence of modified ones per partial band
- These modified spectral value blocks output by the inverse transformation device 42 differ from the spectral value blocks as output by the windowing device 36. but not only by the processing by the signal processing device 40 but also by the demodulation caused by the mixer 34.
- the mixer 46 receives the sequences of modified spectral value blocks output by the inverse transformation device 42 per subband and mixes them with a complex carrier that corresponds to that which has been used at the appropriate place or for the corresponding block for demodulating the information signal at the mixer 34 is complex conjugate in order to modulate the spectral value blocks again with the carrier caused by the phase offsets of the time blocks.
- the result that arises at the output of the mixer 46 is a sequence of modified non-demodulated spectral value blocks per subband.
- the output of the mixer 46 is connected to an input of the combining device 44. For each subband, this combines the sequence of modified blocks of spectral values modulated again with the complex carrier to form a uniform current or a uniform sequence of spectral values, by matching spectral values of adjacent or successive blocks of spectral values for a subband, as they are are obtained from the mixer 46, suitably linked together.
- the link consists in a simple addition of mutually assigned spectral values.
- the result, which is thus output at the output of the OLA 44, is thus modified subbands or modified sequences of spectral values for all spectral components and represents a modified time / frequency representation of the information signal. nals 14 or a time / frequency representation of the modified information signal 18.
- the transformation device 48 receives the spectral value sequences and thus in particular one after the other a spectral value for all subbands or spectral components or a spectral decomposition of a section of the modified information signal 18 one after the other. It generates a sequence from the sequence of spectral decompositions by reversing the spectral decomposition of modified time blocks. These modified time blocks are in turn received by the combining device 50.
- the combining device 50 works in a similar manner to the combining device 44. It combines the modified time blocks, which by way of example overlap by 50%, by adding corresponding information values from adjacent or successive modified time blocks. The result at the output of the combining device 50 is thus a sequence of information values which represent the processed information signal 18.
- the processing of the information signal by the device 10 begins with the reception of the audio signal 14 at the input 12.
- the information signal 14 is in a sampled form.
- the sampling has been carried out, for example, using an analog / digital converter.
- the sampling was carried out with a certain sampling frequency ⁇ s .
- Si s (2 ⁇ / ⁇ s * i)
- the windowing device 28 weights each of these blocks with a window or weighting function, as was described above.
- the windowing device 28 forwards a new windowed time block of 2N information values to the transformation device 30 after every N information values.
- the repetition frequency of the time blocks is thus ⁇ s / N.
- the transformation device 30 transforms the windowed time blocks into a spectral representation.
- the transformation device 30 thereby performs a spectral decomposition of the time blocks of windowed information values into a plurality of predetermined subbands or spectral components.
- the transformation is a DFT or discrete Fourier transformation.
- the transformation device 30 For each time block of 2N information values, the transformation device 30 generates an exemplary one Case N complex valued spectral values for N spectral components if the information signal is real.
- the complex spectral values output by the transformation device 30 represent the time / frequency representation 74 of the information signal.
- the complex spectral values are illustrated in FIG. 2 by boxes 76.
- the transformation device 30 Since the transformation device 30 generates at least one spectral value per successive time block of information values per subband or spectral component, the transformation device 30 thus outputs a sequence of spectral values 76 with the frequency ⁇ s / N per subband or spectral component.
- the spectral values output for a time block are shown in FIG. 2 at 74 arranged horizontally along the frequency axis 78.
- the spectral values output for a subsequent time block follow directly below in the vertical direction along the axis 80.
- the axes 78 and 80 thus represent the frequency or time axis of the time / frequency representation of the information signal 14. Only four subbands are shown as an example in FIG.
- the sequence of spectral values per subband run along the columns in the exemplary illustration in FIG. 2 and are shown at 82a, 82b, 82c and 82d.
- the information signal 14 is exemplarily illustrated as a function that can be represented by sin (bt) • (1 + ⁇ -sin (at)), where ⁇ is, for example, the modulation frequency of the the dashed line 84 indicated envelope of the information signal 14, while ß represents the carrier frequency of the information signal 14, t is time and ⁇ is the depth of modulation. If the sampling frequency ⁇ s is sufficiently high, the transformation 72 results in a block of spectral values 76 per time block with this exemplary information signal, ie a line at 74, in which primarily the spectral component or the associated spectral value at the carrier frequency ⁇ has a pronounced maximum.
- the spectral values for this spectral component f ß however, varies in time for successive time blocks due to the variation of the envelope 84. Accordingly, the magnitude of the spectral values of the spectral component ⁇ varies with the modulation frequency ⁇ .
- the different time blocks can each have a different phase offset to the carrier frequency ⁇ due to a frequency mismatch between the time block repetition frequency ⁇ s / N and the carrier frequency of the information signal 14.
- the spectral values of the spectral blocks which result from the time blocks in transformation 72, are modulated with a carrier e 3 ⁇ f , where j represents the imaginary unit, f the frequency and ⁇ the phase offset of the respective time block.
- the phase offset ⁇ increases linearly. Therefore, the spectral values of a subband also experience a modulation with a carrier component due to a frequency mismatch between the time block repetition frequency and the carrier frequency, which modulation depends on the mismatch of the two frequencies.
- the modulation carrier frequency ⁇ (m, f) determined in this way determines the carrier frequency determination device 32 for each subband ⁇ b or each frequency f block by block, m indicating a block index, as will be explained in more detail below.
- the carrier frequency determination device 32 combines M consecutive spectral values 76 of a subband ⁇ b , such as the spectral values a ( ⁇ b , 0) to a ( ⁇ b , Ml). Among these M spectral values, it determines a phase curve through phase unwrapping. Then, using an algorithm of least squares, for example, it determines a line equation that comes closest to the phase curve.
- the carrier frequency determination device 32 obtains the desired modulation carrier frequency ⁇ d for the subband b with respect to the time block m or a spectral value block phase offset ⁇ for the subband b with respect to the time block m from the slope and an intercept or a phase or initial offset of the straight line equation.
- the carrier frequency determination device carries out this determination for all subbands over temporally identical spectral values, that is to say for all spectral value blocks a ( ⁇ b , o) to a ( ⁇ b , M- ⁇ ) ⁇ t co b for all subbands 0 ⁇ b ⁇ N.
- the carrier frequency determination device 32 determines a modulation carrier frequency co d and the spectral value block phase offset ⁇ for each subband ⁇ , and this for block by block.
- the block division on which the determination of the complex carriers for all subbands by means 32 is based is the same as that used by the windowing device for windowing.
- the carrier frequency determination device 32 outputs the determined values for the complex carriers to the demodulation device or the mixer 34.
- the mixer 34 now mixes the windowed blocks of spectral values of the individual subbands, as they are output by the windowing device 36, with the complex conjugate of the respective modulation carrier frequencies ⁇ d , taking into account the spectral value block phase offsets ⁇ by multiplying these subband spectral value blocks by e -3- ( ⁇ _ d - n + ⁇ )) ⁇ o where, as mentioned above, a different pair of ⁇ d and ⁇ is used for each subband and within each subband for the successive blocks. In this way, the mixer 34 outputs demodulated subband spectral value block out, ie two-dimensional blocks of N spectral value blocks each with M demodulated spectral values.
- the phase profile of the spectral values in the subbands within the blocks is on average flatter and essentially runs around phase 0. In this way it is achieved that during the subsequent transformation by the transformation device 38, the demodulated and windowed blocks of spectral values lead to a spectral decomposition in which the frequency 0 or the constant component is very well centered.
- the transformation 86 following the demodulation 84 by the mixer 34 by the transformation device 38 is carried out block by block on each subband or each sequence of demodulated blocks of spectral values.
- the demodulated spectral value blocks of the N subbands in particular are subjected to a spectral decomposition in blocks.
- the result of the spectral decomposition of the blocks of spectral values can also be referred to as a modulation frequency representation.
- the transformation 86 consequently results in a matrix of M x N modulation values, which represents the frequency / modulation frequency representation of the information signal 14 over the period of the M time blocks that contributed to this matrix.
- the frequency / modulation frequency representation 88 has two dimensions, namely the frequency 90 and the modulation frequency 92.
- the individual modulation values are symbolized at 88 with box 93.
- the transformation device 38 passes the modulation matrix on to the processing device 40.
- the processing Processing device 40 is in accordance with the present. Embodiment provided to filter out the modulation component from the information signal 14. In the present exemplary case, the processing device 40 therefore performs low-pass filtering on the modulation frequency components in the frequency / modulation frequency matrix.
- 1 shows a diagram at 94, in which the modulation frequency is plotted along the x-axis and the amount of the modulation values is plotted along the y-axis.
- Diagram 94 shows a section of the modulation matrix 88 for the exemplary case of the information signal 14 from FIG. 1, namely the sine-modulated sine.
- the course of the amounts of the modulation values along the modulation frequency for the subband with the frequency ⁇ , that is to say the carrier frequency, is shown in the diagram 94.
- Demodulation 84 by means of mixer 34 means that the modulation frequency spectrum is essentially perfectly centered - at least in the case of FFT as transformation 86 - or correctly aligned.
- the modulation frequency spectrum at the carrier frequency ⁇ has two sidebands 96 and 98, which are arranged at the modulation frequency, that is to say the modulation frequency of the envelope 84 of the information signal 14.
- the modulation values of the modulation matrix 88 have a constant component 100 at the frequency ⁇ .
- the signal processing device 40 is now designed as a low-pass filter with a filter characteristic 102, which is shown with a broken line, in order to remove the two side bands 96 and 98 from the frequency / modulation frequency representation 88. In this way, the information signal 14 is freed from its modulation component, after which only the carrier component remains.
- the modulation matrix changed in this way is passed on by the processing device 40 to the inverse transformation device 42.
- the inverse transformation device 42 processes the modified modulation matrix for each subband in such a way that the block of modulation values for the respective subband, ie one Column in the modulation matrix 88 is subjected to a transformation inverse to the transformation of the transformation device 38, so that these modulation value blocks are converted from the frequency / modulation frequency representation back to the time / frequency representation. In this way, the inverse transformation device 42 generates a block of spectral values for this subband from each such block of modulation values for each subband.
- the preceding description related primarily to the processing of the first M spectral values or M consecutive spectral values for each subband.
- the processing by devices 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and 42 is also repeated for subsequent blocks of M spectral values for each of the N subbands, with an overlap of the blocks of M spectral values of exemplary in the present case 50%, ie with an overlap per subband by M / 2 spectral values.
- the transformation device 38 For each of these blocks m, the transformation device 38 finally generates a modulation matrix with M x N modulation values each, which are filtered or weighted by the signal processing device 40 in the manner described above.
- the inverse transformation device 42 in turn generates a block of spectral values for each subband from these modified modulation matrices 88, i.e. one with the matrix of modified but still demodulated blocks of spectral values.
- the blocks of spectral values per subband output by the inverse transformation device 42 differ from those as obtained from the information signal 14 at the output of the windowing device 36 not only by the processing by the processing device 40, but also by the change caused by the demodulation.
- the spectral value blocks are therefore modulated again in the modulation device 46 with the modulation carrier component with which they were previously demodulated.
- sequences of blocks of spectral values per subband that result after the modulation stage 46 are now combined for each subband by the combining device 44 to form a uniform stream 82a-82d of spectral values per subband by correspondingly matching the blocks of spectral values, in the present example by 50%, overlaps with one another and combines corresponding spectral values depending on the weighting function used in the windowing device 36, namely by adding in the case of the sine or KBD windows exemplarily given above.
- the streams of spectral values per subband resulting at the output of the combining device 44 represent the time / frequency representation of the processed information signal 18.
- the currents are received by the inverse transformation device 48.
- each time step n it uses the spectral values for all subbands ⁇ b , i.e. all spectral values a ( ⁇ b , n) with 0 ⁇ b ⁇ N, in order to carry out a transformation from the frequency to the time representation, for each n, ie with a repetition period of 2 ⁇ N / ⁇ s , to obtain a time block.
- These time blocks are combined by the merging device 50 by exemplary 50% overlap and combining mutually corresponding information values in these time blocks combined into a uniform stream of information values, which finally represents the processed information signal in the time range 18, which is output at the output 16.
- the processed information signal is shown in FIG. 1 at 18 in a diagram in which the x-axis is the time and the y-axis is the amplitude of the information signal 18. As can be seen, only the carrier component of the input-side information signal 14 remains. The modulation component or the envelope component 84 has been removed.
- the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 represented a processing device that used a signal-adaptive filter bank to split signals into carriers and modulation components, and used the resulting representation of the modulated signals to generate them filter.
- demodulation with respect to a carrier component is carried out for each subband in this exemplary embodiment. According to the estimation of this subband carrier component in the carrier frequency determination device 32, the demodulation per subband is achieved by multiplication with the complex conjugate of this component.
- the subband signals demodulated in this way are then transformed into the modulation range by a further frequency decomposition using the window device 36 and the transformation device 38.
- a DFT with 50% overlap and windowing was used as an example as the first transformation 72, although deviations and variations from this are also conceivable.
- the frequency of this modulator was obtained in the carrier frequency determination device from the phases of the corresponding blocks of the subband to be demodulated, namely by approximately laying a straight line through the unwrapped phase profile of the spectral values of the corresponding blocks.
- the carrier frequency determination device 32 can, for example, approximately lay a plane in the phase portion of all subbands in this section for each spectral block section n to n + M-1.
- the carrier frequency determination device 32 could, for example, first unwrap the phases of the sequence of spectral values of a respective subband, low-pass filter and then use the local increase in the filtered phase curve to adapt the complex modulator.
- the modulation part in the mixer 46 would also be changed accordingly.
- the carrier frequency determination device tries to influence the phase curve by either increasing or reducing the phase of the complex spectral values of a subband with an amount increasing or decreasing over the sequence, such that an average slope of the phase of the sequence of spectral values is reduced, or the unwrapped phase curve is essentially one fixed phase value, preferably the phase 0, ' varies around.
- the complex demodulated subband signal can also be transformed or spectrally broken down into the frequency / modulation frequency representation, each with a real-valued transformation separated by the real and imaginary part.
- the real part then represented the amplitude modulation of the subband signal with respect to the carrier used for demodulation.
- the imaginary part then represented the frequency modulation of this carrier.
- the amplitude modulation component of the subband signal is reflected in the symmetrical component of the DFT spectrum along the modulation frequency axis, while the frequency modulation component of the carrier reflects the asymmetrical component of the DFT spectrum along the Corresponds to the modulation frequency axis.
- the exemplary embodiment described above was illustrated using a simple sine-modulated sine signal.
- the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 is also suitable for filtering the course of the envelope of a mixture of amplitude-modulated signals of any frequency, such as, for example, amplitude-modulated tonal signals.
- the individual frequency components of the envelope are directly represented for consistent processing in the modulation matrix 88, quite in contrast to the already known amount-phase representation according to the modulation transformation analysis methods for audio coding described in the introduction to the description.
- the filtering of frequency-modulated signals of low modulation depth, ie with a frequency swing that is essential is smaller than the partial bandwidth of the first DFT is possible with the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 thus concerned an arrangement for modulation filtering, which, in other words, was based again on a signal-adaptive transformation, filtering in the modulation range and a corresponding inverse transformation.
- the arrangement from FIG. 1 is perfectly reconstructive.
- the modulation components to be removed can be attenuated as desired by introducing a suitable spectral range filter, such as filter 102, ie a weakening of the modulation values with increasing distance from a center modulation frequency of zero.
- a suitable spectral range filter such as filter 102
- filter 102 ie a weakening of the modulation values with increasing distance from a center modulation frequency of zero.
- filters 102 ie a weakening of the modulation values with increasing distance from a center modulation frequency of zero.
- filters 102 ie a weakening of the modulation values with increasing distance from a center modulation frequency of zero.
- filters 102 ie a weakening of the modulation values with increasing distance
- the filtering would consist of high-pass filtering, ie a weighting with a weighting function with a modulation frequency edge at a specific modulation frequency, which weakens the modulation values at lower modulation frequencies more than those at higher modulation frequencies.
- the signal processing in the signal processing device 40 could in turn consist of a bandpass filtering, that is to say a weighting with a weighting function that drops away from a specific center modulation frequency, in order to separate portions of the information signal that come from different sources , ie to achieve a source separation.
- Other applications in which the previous embodiment can be used include audio coding for coding audio signals, reconstruction of disturbed signals and error concealment.
- the device 10 could also be used as a music effects device in order to produce special acoustic effects. to implement in the incoming audio signal.
- the processing in the signal processing device 40 can accordingly take a wide variety of forms, such as, for example, the quantization of the modulation values, the zeroing of some modulation values, the weighting of individual sections of the or all modulation values or the like.
- a further area of application would be the use of the device 10 from FIG. 1 as a watermark embedder.
- the watermark embedder would receive an audio signal 14, wherein the processing device 40 could introduce a received watermark into the audio signal by modifying individual segments or modulation values according to the watermark.
- the selection of the segments or modulation values could be different or time-variant for successive modulation matrices and would be made in such a way that, due to psychoacoustic masking effects, the modifications due to the watermarking are inaudible for a human hearing in the resulting watermarked audio signal 18.
- these can of course also be designed as filter banks, which generate a spectral representation by means of many individual bandpass filters.
- the resulting information signal 18 does not have to be output in the time domain representation after processing. It would also be conceivable to output the information signal, for example, in a time / spectral representation or even in the spectral / modulation spectral representation. In the latter case, it would then of course have to be ensured that the necessary modulation 46 can again be carried out on the receiver side with the suitable carrier, for example by supplying the complex carriers which vary per subband and spectral value block and which were used for demodulation 84.
- the scheme according to the invention can also be implemented in software.
- the implementation can take place on a digital storage medium, in particular a floppy disk or a CD with electronically readable control signals, which can interact with a programmable computer system in such a way that the corresponding method is carried out.
- the invention thus also consists in a computer program product with program code stored on a machine-readable carrier for carrying out the method according to the invention when the computer program product runs on a computer.
- the invention can thus be implemented as a computer program with a program code for carrying out the method if the computer program runs on a computer.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102004021403A DE102004021403A1 (de) | 2004-04-30 | 2004-04-30 | Informationssignalverarbeitung durch Modifikation in der Spektral-/Modulationsspektralbereichsdarstellung |
PCT/EP2005/003064 WO2005109240A1 (de) | 2004-04-30 | 2005-03-22 | Informationssignalverarbeitung durch modifikation in der spektral-/modulationsspektralbereichsdarstellung |
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CN (1) | CN100583085C (de) |
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NO20065423L (no) | 2007-01-26 |
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ATE458225T1 (de) | 2010-03-15 |
MXPA06012424A (es) | 2007-01-17 |
EP1741039B1 (de) | 2010-02-17 |
CN1950815A (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
RU2351006C2 (ru) | 2009-03-27 |
KR20070015174A (ko) | 2007-02-01 |
AU2005241157B8 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
BRPI0509818B1 (pt) | 2022-06-07 |
CN100583085C (zh) | 2010-01-20 |
CA2564970C (en) | 2012-02-07 |
US20070100610A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
WO2005109240A1 (de) | 2005-11-17 |
RU2006142324A (ru) | 2008-06-10 |
US7574313B2 (en) | 2009-08-11 |
IL178671A (en) | 2011-03-31 |
NO337309B1 (no) | 2016-03-07 |
CA2564970A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
DE502005009035D1 (de) | 2010-04-01 |
KR100851424B1 (ko) | 2008-08-11 |
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