EP1776879A2 - A breathable sock - Google Patents

A breathable sock Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1776879A2
EP1776879A2 EP06300713A EP06300713A EP1776879A2 EP 1776879 A2 EP1776879 A2 EP 1776879A2 EP 06300713 A EP06300713 A EP 06300713A EP 06300713 A EP06300713 A EP 06300713A EP 1776879 A2 EP1776879 A2 EP 1776879A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sock
transverse
zone
zones
points
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Granted
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EP06300713A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1776879A3 (en
EP1776879B1 (en
Inventor
Giuseppe Schilliro
Santo Schilliro
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Alex 2000 Srl
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Alex 2000 Srl
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Priority to PL06300713T priority Critical patent/PL1776879T3/en
Publication of EP1776879A2 publication Critical patent/EP1776879A2/en
Publication of EP1776879A3 publication Critical patent/EP1776879A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1776879B1 publication Critical patent/EP1776879B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
    • D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
    • D04B1/26—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel stockings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
    • A41B11/00—Hosiery; Panti-hose
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
    • A41B2400/00—Functions or special features of shirts, underwear, baby linen or handkerchiefs not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A41B2400/20—Air permeability; Ventilation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
    • A41B2400/00—Functions or special features of shirts, underwear, baby linen or handkerchiefs not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A41B2400/60—Moisture handling or wicking function

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a breathable / ventilated knit sock having areas with increased permeability to promote the passage of air.
  • the document US 5,319,807 BRIER describes a sock for managing moisture by creating a foot environment.
  • the moisture is evacuated by a multilayer structure of a portion of the sock.
  • This multilayer structure has a wicking or capillary effect so as to evacuate the moisture from the sweat zones to evaporation zones.
  • the document US 6,341,505 DAHLGREN relates to a sock knitted with hydrophilic threads and hydrophobic threads, so as to transfer the moisture released at the foot by a wicking or capillary effect.
  • One of the peculiarities of this sock is to create a separation between the front and the back of the sock by knitted rings in hydrophobic threads; these rings surround the soles of the feet and the instep.
  • the principle of this known solution is to first absorb or dry the skin locally with the hydrophilic yarn and then to remove moisture from the hydrophilic knitting zone by hydrophobic yarn to a place where evaporation can be easily done .
  • the rings of the tubular zone have the function of extracting moisture from the part of the toes and then migrating it to an evaporation zone on the outside of the shoe.
  • the main purpose of adding the hydrophobic material is to increase the wicking effect and, on the outside, the shoe promotes evaporation.
  • this solution has the disadvantage of migrating moisture through the sock virtually from the tip of the sock to the other end thereof.
  • the efficiency of this mode of moisture evacuation is relatively difficult to optimize because this efficiency depends on the ratio between the hydrophobic fibers and the hydrophilic fibers.
  • the document EP 1 275 761 KUNERT-WERKE GmbH describes a particular sock sport and walking with ventilation channels 50, 80 on the underside and the top of the sock. These channels on the top are slightly angled transverse channels and the channels on the top are distributed on the side along the line of junction between the reinforced part 10 of the sock and its corresponding functional area 7 above.
  • This document is mainly concerned with the nature of the yarns used for knitting, a base yarn 6 which is mixed with a reinforcement thread 11 in the reinforcement zone 10 while in the functional zone 7, the air passages 50 are near the separation line 9 with the reinforced zone 10 in a strip-shaped zone 60, starting from the separation line 9 near the tip 4, and up along the sock to its collar 2. thus provided a number of parallel lines of air channels 50.
  • the channels of the reinforced zone 80 reach the level of this band 60 of the air channels 50.
  • transverse or quasi-transverse channels occupying substantially the entire surface of the sole of the sock create fragile lines. These lines directed transversely with respect to the direction in which the efforts are exerted when putting on or pulling the sock or shoeing or unhooking a shoe, must transmit these tensile forces which may be important.
  • the knitting of a sock obviously withstands these efforts, but the weakened transverse lines practically constitute lines of rupture primer. These transverse lines are also solicited by the movements of the foot inside the shoe that exert on the mesh of these air channels, significant efforts that deform and wear them.
  • transverse lines breaking the continuity of the sole of the sock promote the formation of transverse folds under the sole of the foot which create a significant comfort discomfort.
  • this sock intended to create an effect of air pumping on the sole but not the toes that remain confined in the tip of the sock.
  • the present invention aims to develop an airy or breathable sock knit, allowing particularly effective ventilation without reducing the comfort of the sock.
  • the sock according to the invention has permeable zones of ventilation at the locations most stressed by perspiration and which do not require special mechanical protection of the foot relative to the shoe.
  • the aeration zones do not weaken the sock either mechanically exhibits almost the same resistance as a conventional sock without ventilation zones according to the invention.
  • the sock does not reduce the comfort at the level of the support of the soles of the feet in the shoe or other highly stressed contact areas such as toes.
  • transverse zones of aeration at the base of the toes that is to say at the birth of the phalangettes, benefit from the clearance naturally existing at this location of the foot and the volume of moist air that can occur. accumulate at this location.
  • the two transverse zones of the top and the bottom of the sock can not thus create a chimney effect ensuring a particularly effective aeration in this generally confined place of the shoe.
  • the aeration window of the bottom of the soles of the feet creates a very permeable zone favoring the exchange of air between the inside of the sock and the outside at the level of the arch.
  • This suction effect also pumps the air of the soles of the feet and creates an effect of air circulation evacuating the hot air and possibly charged with moisture, outside the sock in the interval between the sock and the shoe avoiding that this air comes back inside the sock.
  • the realization of the ventilated and breathable sock according to the invention does not present any significant modifications of the manufacture since the aeration zones of the top and the bottom of the sock at the level of the base of the toes, the zona d'aération on the The instep and ventilation window at the level of the arch are feasible as knitted designs, and made in negative, that is to say by removing one or son that would be used to make these drawings normally.
  • the transverse zones are in the form of a narrow lens so as to form a precise ventilation sector at the base of the toes.
  • the reduced knitting density patterns consist of knitting stitches which have been removed from at least one yarn relative to the knitting yarn of the surrounding areas, these knitting stitches alternating with normal knitting stitches for very locally constitute points of - increased permeability.
  • the aeration zone of the instep is in the form of a diamond constituted by a pattern formed of a succession of points of reduced knitting density alternating with points of density equal to that of the environment.
  • the longitudinal strips are bordered laterally by transient zones formed by a succession of points of reduced knitting density alternating with knitting density points equal to that of the environment. These longitudinal strips constitute a mechanical transition with the window itself.
  • This window is advantageously rectangular in shape.
  • the invention relates to an airy and breathable sock made of knit.
  • This sock has areas of permeability to promote the passage of air or the local exchange of air.
  • This sock may be a city sock, but it is mainly a sports or walking sock with zones of reinforcement and comfort, of increased thickness to attenuate and / or distribute the local pressure between the shoe and the foot.
  • the sock has at its tip 1 and on the bottom 2, a reinforced surface consisting of a particular knit with an addition of son reinforcing these surfaces and improving comfort, such as a knit loop.
  • the bottom 2 and the top 3 of the sock comprise a zone
  • These transverse zones 4, 5 of lenticular or lunate shape occupy the width of the sock on the top and on the bottom.
  • Each of these transverse areas is constituted by a knitting pattern of reduced density. This pattern such as a pattern is formed by an alternation of knit stitches with and without additional yarns or the number of knitted yarns is decreased to create more permeable stitches than adjacent knit stitches.
  • a succession of preferential points of passage or preferential exchange of air is thus achieved without these points constituting a continuous zone for reducing the thickness of the knit, which would be weakened or perceptible to the touch.
  • the sock is knitted according to considerations of elasticity and comfort for the contact of the foot with the shoe.
  • aeration zone 6 formed by a spreading sector, having an ellipse or diamond shape whose major axis is directed transversely.
  • This more permeable zone 6 is also formed by a transverse pattern of reduced knitting density without constituting a continuous line (s) but only a succession of preferential crossing points.
  • This reduced knitting density is obtained for example by the removal of a knitting yarn corresponding to that of the pattern to be produced. The drawing is made in negative and corresponds to the absence of a knitting yarn.
  • this aeration zone 6 on the instep retains its thickness simply by being interrupted by knitting points of reduced density. These points are preferably aligned transversely to promote folding without constituting a continuously weakened transverse line while maintaining the thickness of the sock in this contact zone between the instep and the shoe.
  • the underside 3 of the sock has a ventilation window 7 of the soles of the feet.
  • This ventilation window 7, of limited surface is located at the level of the arch almost outside the usual surface of support of the sole of the foot. It is formed by a plurality of longitudinal strips 71 whose knitting density has been reduced so as to constitute a grid-like structure whose "bars" would be knitted bands 72 normally whereas the longitudinal intervals constitute the strips 71 with knitting density. scaled down.
  • the intervals 71 are directed longitudinally in the axis of the sock, from front to back, to form lines of passage between longitudinal strips 72 of knitted fabric having retained their thickness.
  • the ventilation window 7 is integrated in a looped knit portion intended to improve the flexibility of the sock to the crash.
  • the ventilation window 7 may be bordered on one or both sides by a transitional zone 73 of structure close to that of the zone 6 of the top and composed of a succession of points of reduced knitting density and density points. of normal knitting, like that of the environment.
  • this window In addition to the fact that at the level of the ventilation window 7, the sock is not in continuous contact with the arch, this window also performs a pumping function generated by the movement of the foot in the shoe and the deformation of the foot. foot in motion. The volume variations create an air exchange at the foot through the ventilation window.
  • Figures 2A and 2B show more precisely the shape of the different aeration zones and the ventilation window.
  • Figure 2A is a plan view of the top of the sock without showing the shank.
  • the transverse aeration zone 5 in the form of a thin lens or diamond.
  • This zone is delimited by a broken line to materialize it in the drawing. In fact, this zone is not materialized by an outline but is simply occupied by the permeable points of preferential passage of the air, represented by crosses. The distribution of these crosses is in transverse line but without continuity.
  • the permeable points are separated from their environment by knit stitches without preferential permeability, knitted as the environment of this zone.
  • the top view also shows the enlarged shape, also directed transversely of the ventilation zone 6 of the instep.
  • This area is also materialized in the drawing by a dotted line that does not exist in reality.
  • the preferred crossing points are represented by the cross-shaped cloud of the same structure as that of the transverse zone of ventilation 5. The distribution can be done in straight or curved transverse lines but without the preferential crossing points being joined. They are always separated by usual knitting stitches like the knitted stitches outside the aeration zone 6.
  • FIG. 2B shows the structure of the other transverse ventilation zone 4 at zone 5 and the ventilation window 7 formed of strips of permeability 71 separated by the strips. with the same structure as the remainder of the bottom knitting points 2 at least in the environment of the window 7.
  • the bands constituted by the intervals 71 are of reduced knitting density, obtained as already indicated below. above. These ranges are bordered here by transient zones 73 on both sides. These transitional zones consist of a discontinuous distribution of permeable points such as the knitted stitches with a reduced knitting density of the zones 4, 5, 6 mentioned above.
  • Figure 2B shows that the window 7 is located substantially symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the sock not shown. This makes it possible not to distinguish the socks for right foot and for left foot and to manufacture only one type of sock. The same applies to the arrangement of the ventilation zones 4, 5, 6 already described.
  • FIG. 2 The schematic cross-section along III of the ventilation window (FIG. 2) represented in FIG. 3 shows the support effect constituted by the thickness of the sock which is preserved over the entire width of the underside 2 simply by forming the intervals. longitudinal 71, permeable to air.
  • the outline of the sole of the foot is indicated by the reference P and the sole on which the sock rests is represented by the reference S.
  • the window 7 is bordered on both sides by transient zones 73 schematized by broken lines crossing the thickness of the knit fabric below 2.
  • the succession of thick strips 72 and strips of reduced thickness 71 form cavities constituting pumping cavities which, depending on the movement of the foot and the crushing and then the relaxation of the material of the sock, create an air flow. through the wall of the sock at the location of these areas of reduced thickness. This circulation of air ventilates the underside of the foot.
  • the air thus set in motion can also be sucked or pushed back by the overall movement of the foot inside the shoe during a walking exercise.
  • the invention relates mainly to knit socks for walking or sports exercises, generally having reinforcing thicknesses mechanical function of foot protection, the invention also applies to city socks.

Abstract

The knitted sock, comprising a main body (3) with a toe (1) and heel (2), has aeration zones (4, 5, 6, 7) below and above the toes, on top of the foot, and beneath the sole. The first three zones are transverse, narrow lens- or lozenge-shaped, and made from stitches of reduced density. The zone beneath the sole is made from a series of lengthwise strips (71), also with reduced density, alternating with normal strips (72) to form a rectangular shape. The aeration zone on top of the foot can also have stitches of reduced density alternating with stitches of normal density.

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

La présente invention concerne une chaussette respirante/aérée en tricot comportant des zones à perméabilité augmentée pour favoriser le passage de l'air.The present invention relates to a breathable / ventilated knit sock having areas with increased permeability to promote the passage of air.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

On connaît différents types de chaussettes destinés à éliminer ou éviter la transpiration des pieds par l'aération ou la respiration des pieds à travers la chaussette.Various types of socks are known to eliminate or prevent perspiration of the feet by aeration or breathing of the feet through the sock.

Ainsi, le document US 5 319 807 BRIER décrit une chaussette destinée à gérer l'humidité en créant un environnement du pied. L'humidité est évacuée par une structure multicouche d'une partie de la chaussette. Cette structure multicouche a un effet de mèche ou de capillarité de façon à évacuer l'humidité des zones de transpiration vers des zones d'évaporation.Thus, the document US 5,319,807 BRIER describes a sock for managing moisture by creating a foot environment. The moisture is evacuated by a multilayer structure of a portion of the sock. This multilayer structure has a wicking or capillary effect so as to evacuate the moisture from the sweat zones to evaporation zones.

Le document US 6 341 505 DAHLGREN concerne une chaussette tricotée avec des fils hydrophiles et des fils hydrophobes, de manière à transférer l'humidité dégagée au niveau du pied par un effet de mèche ou de capillarité. L'une des particularités de cette chaussette est de créer une séparation entre l'avant et l'arrière de la chaussette par des anneaux tricotés en fils hydrophobes ; ces anneaux entourent la plante des pieds et le cou de pied. Ainsi, le principe de cette solution connue consiste à d'abord absorber ou sécher la peau localement avec le fil hydrophile puis à évacuer l'humidité de la zone à tricotage hydrophile par du fil hydrophobe vers un endroit où l'évaporation peut se faire facilement.The document US 6,341,505 DAHLGREN relates to a sock knitted with hydrophilic threads and hydrophobic threads, so as to transfer the moisture released at the foot by a wicking or capillary effect. One of the peculiarities of this sock is to create a separation between the front and the back of the sock by knitted rings in hydrophobic threads; these rings surround the soles of the feet and the instep. Thus, the principle of this known solution is to first absorb or dry the skin locally with the hydrophilic yarn and then to remove moisture from the hydrophilic knitting zone by hydrophobic yarn to a place where evaporation can be easily done .

Les anneaux de la zone tubulaire ont pour fonction d'extraire l'humidité de la partie des doigts de pied pour la faire migrer ensuite vers une zone d'évaporation à l'extérieur de la chaussure. L'ajout de la matière hydrophobe a principalement pour fonction d'augmenter l'effet de mèche et, à l'extérieur à la chaussure, cela favorise l'évaporation.The rings of the tubular zone have the function of extracting moisture from the part of the toes and then migrating it to an evaporation zone on the outside of the shoe. The main purpose of adding the hydrophobic material is to increase the wicking effect and, on the outside, the shoe promotes evaporation.

Toutefois, cette solution a l'inconvénient de faire migrer l'humidité à travers la chaussette pratiquement de la pointe de la chaussette vers l'autre extrémité de celle-ci. L'efficacité de ce mode d'évacuation de l'humidité est relativement difficile à optimiser car cette efficacité dépend du rapport entre les fibres hydrophobes et les fibres hydrophiles.However, this solution has the disadvantage of migrating moisture through the sock virtually from the tip of the sock to the other end thereof. The efficiency of this mode of moisture evacuation is relatively difficult to optimize because this efficiency depends on the ratio between the hydrophobic fibers and the hydrophilic fibers.

Le document US 5 724 836 GREEN décrit une chaussette munie d'un dessus respirant tricoté avec des mailles relativement lâches. Ce produit a l'inconvénient de ne pas concerner les zones de transpiration naturelles du pied sous la voûte plantaire ou au niveau des doigts de pied. De plus, sur le plan du confort, cette chaussette a l'inconvénient d'être très mince au niveau du cou de pied et de ne pas amortir les contraintes éventuellement très localisées que la chaussure peut exercer sur le pied.The document US 5,724,836 GREEN describes a sock with a breathable knitted upper with relatively loose mesh. This product has the disadvantage of not affecting the sweat zones natural foot under the arch or at the level of the toes. In addition, in terms of comfort, this sock has the disadvantage of being very thin in the instep and not to absorb the possibly very localized stresses that the shoe can exert on the foot.

Le document EP 1 275 761 KUNERT-WERKE GmbH décrit une chaussette notamment de sport et de marche comportant des canaux de ventilation 50, 80 sur le dessous et le dessus de la chaussette. Ces canaux sur le dessus sont des canaux transversaux légèrement en biais et les canaux sur le dessus sont répartis sur le côté le long de la ligne de jonction entre la partie renforcée 10 de la chaussette et sa zone fonctionnelle 7 correspondant au-dessus.The document EP 1 275 761 KUNERT-WERKE GmbH describes a particular sock sport and walking with ventilation channels 50, 80 on the underside and the top of the sock. These channels on the top are slightly angled transverse channels and the channels on the top are distributed on the side along the line of junction between the reinforced part 10 of the sock and its corresponding functional area 7 above.

Ce document se préoccupe principalement de la nature des fils utilisés pour le tricot, un fil de base 6 auquel est mélangé un fil de renforcement 11 dans la zone de renforcement 10 alors que dans la zone fonctionnelle 7, les passages d'air 50 sont à proximité de la ligne de séparation 9 avec la zone renforcée 10 dans une zone en forme de bande 60, partant de la ligne de séparation 9 près de la pointe 4, et remontant le long de la chaussette jusqu'à sa collerette 2. On a ainsi prévu un certain nombre de lignes parallèles de canaux d'air 50.This document is mainly concerned with the nature of the yarns used for knitting, a base yarn 6 which is mixed with a reinforcement thread 11 in the reinforcement zone 10 while in the functional zone 7, the air passages 50 are near the separation line 9 with the reinforced zone 10 in a strip-shaped zone 60, starting from the separation line 9 near the tip 4, and up along the sock to its collar 2. thus provided a number of parallel lines of air channels 50.

Les canaux de la zone renforcée 80 arrivent jusqu'au niveau de cette bande 60 des canaux d'air 50.The channels of the reinforced zone 80 reach the level of this band 60 of the air channels 50.

On cherche ainsi à créer une circulation d'air partant de la semelle de la chaussette (zone renforcée 10) pour remonter sur les côtés dans la zone fonctionnelle 7 jusqu'à la collerette 2 de la chaussette.It is thus sought to create a flow of air from the sole of the sock (reinforced zone 10) to go up on the sides in the functional area 7 to the collar 2 of the sock.

Mais cette solution a un certain nombre d'inconvénients de fragilité et de diminution du confort. Ainsi, les canaux transversaux ou quasi transversaux occupant pratiquement toute la surface de la semelle de la chaussette créent des lignes fragiles. Ces lignes dirigées transversalement par rapport à la direction dans laquelle s'exercent les efforts lorsqu'on enfile ou on tire la chaussette ou qu'on chausse ou on déchausse une chaussure, doivent transmettre ces efforts de traction qui peuvent être importants. Le tricot d'une chaussette résiste évidemment à ces efforts mais les lignes transversales affaiblies constituent pratiquement des lignes d'amorces de rupture. Ces lignes transversales sont aussi sollicitées par les mouvements du pied à l'intérieur de la chaussure qui exercent sur les mailles de ces canaux d'air, des efforts importants qui les déforment et les usent.But this solution has a number of disadvantages of fragility and decreased comfort. Thus, the transverse or quasi-transverse channels occupying substantially the entire surface of the sole of the sock create fragile lines. These lines directed transversely with respect to the direction in which the efforts are exerted when putting on or pulling the sock or shoeing or unhooking a shoe, must transmit these tensile forces which may be important. The knitting of a sock obviously withstands these efforts, but the weakened transverse lines practically constitute lines of rupture primer. These transverse lines are also solicited by the movements of the foot inside the shoe that exert on the mesh of these air channels, significant efforts that deform and wear them.

En outre, ces lignes transversales rompant la continuité de la semelle de la chaussette favorisent la formation de plis transversaux sous la plante du pied qui créent une gêne de confort importante.In addition, these transverse lines breaking the continuity of the sole of the sock promote the formation of transverse folds under the sole of the foot which create a significant comfort discomfort.

Enfin, cette chaussette destinée à créer un effet de pompage d'air concernant la semelle mais non les orteils qui restent confinés dans la pointe de la chaussette.Finally, this sock intended to create an effect of air pumping on the sole but not the toes that remain confined in the tip of the sock.

But de l'inventionPurpose of the invention

La présente invention a pour but de développer une chaussette aérée ou respirante, en tricot, permettant une ventilation particulièrement efficace sans réduction du confort de la chaussette.The present invention aims to develop an airy or breathable sock knit, allowing particularly effective ventilation without reducing the comfort of the sock.

Exposé et avantages de l'inventionDescription and advantages of the invention

A cet effet, l'invention concerne une chaussette aérée ou respirante du type défini ci-dessus, en tricot, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend :

  • une zone transversale d'aération à la base des orteils sur le dessus et sur le dessous de la chaussette, ces zones étant formées par des motifs de densité de tricotage réduite,
  • une zone d'aération sur le cou de pied formée par un secteur étalé, transversal à motif de densité de tricotage réduite,
  • une fenêtre d'aération sur le dessous de la plante des pieds au niveau de la voûte plantaire, cette fenêtre étant formée de plusieurs bandes longitudinales à densité de tricotage réduite.
For this purpose, the invention relates to an airy or breathable sock of the type defined above, knit, characterized in that it comprises:
  • a transverse aeration area at the base of the toes on the top and bottom of the sock, these areas being formed by patterns of reduced knitting density,
  • a ventilation zone on the instep formed by a spreading transverse sector with a reduced knitting density pattern,
  • a ventilation window on the underside of the soles of the feet at the level of the arch, this window being formed of several longitudinal strips with reduced knitting density.

La chaussette selon l'invention présente des zones perméables d'aération aux emplacements les plus sollicités par la transpiration et qui ne nécessitent pas de protection mécanique particulière du pied par rapport à la chaussure.The sock according to the invention has permeable zones of ventilation at the locations most stressed by perspiration and which do not require special mechanical protection of the foot relative to the shoe.

Les zones d'aération ne fragilisent pas non plus la chaussette qui présente mécaniquement quasiment la même résistance qu'une chaussette classique sans zones d'aération selon l'invention.The aeration zones do not weaken the sock either mechanically exhibits almost the same resistance as a conventional sock without ventilation zones according to the invention.

Enfin, la chaussette ne réduit pas le confort tant au niveau de l'appui de la plante des pieds dans la chaussure qu'au niveau des autres zones de contact très sollicitées comme les doigts de pied.Finally, the sock does not reduce the comfort at the level of the support of the soles of the feet in the shoe or other highly stressed contact areas such as toes.

En outre, les zones transversales d'aération au niveau de la base des orteils c'est-à-dire à la naissance des phalangettes, bénéficient du dégagement existant naturellement à cet emplacement du pied et du volume d'air humide qui peut s'accumuler à cet endroit. Les deux zones transversales du dessus et du dessous de la chaussette, ne peuvent ainsi créer un effet de cheminée assurant une aération particulièrement efficace à cet endroit généralement confiné de la chaussure.In addition, the transverse zones of aeration at the base of the toes, that is to say at the birth of the phalangettes, benefit from the clearance naturally existing at this location of the foot and the volume of moist air that can occur. accumulate at this location. The two transverse zones of the top and the bottom of the sock, can not thus create a chimney effect ensuring a particularly effective aeration in this generally confined place of the shoe.

La fenêtre d'aération du dessous de la plante des pieds créée une zone très perméable favorisant l'échange d'air entre l'intérieur de la chaussette et l'extérieur au niveau de la voûte plantaire. Cet effet d'aspiration pompe également l'air de la plante des pieds et créée un effet de circulation d'air évacuant l'air chaud et éventuellement chargé d'humidité, à l'extérieur de la chaussette dans l'intervalle entre la chaussette et la chaussure en évitant que cet air ne revienne à l'intérieur de la chaussette.The aeration window of the bottom of the soles of the feet creates a very permeable zone favoring the exchange of air between the inside of the sock and the outside at the level of the arch. This suction effect also pumps the air of the soles of the feet and creates an effect of air circulation evacuating the hot air and possibly charged with moisture, outside the sock in the interval between the sock and the shoe avoiding that this air comes back inside the sock.

La réalisation de la chaussette aérée et respirante selon l'invention ne présente pas de modifications importantes de la fabrication puisque le zones d'aération du dessus et du dessous de la chaussette au niveau de la base des orteils, la zona d'aération sur le cou de pied et la fenêtre d'aération au niveau de la voûte plantaire sont réalisables comme des dessins tricotés, et réalisés en négatif, c'est-à-dire en supprimant un ou des fils qui serviraient à faire normalement ces dessins.The realization of the ventilated and breathable sock according to the invention does not present any significant modifications of the manufacture since the aeration zones of the top and the bottom of the sock at the level of the base of the toes, the zona d'aération on the The instep and ventilation window at the level of the arch are feasible as knitted designs, and made in negative, that is to say by removing one or son that would be used to make these drawings normally.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, les zones transversales sont en forme de lentille étroite de manière à réer un secteur de ventilation précis à la base des orteils.According to another advantageous characteristic, the transverse zones are in the form of a narrow lens so as to form a precise ventilation sector at the base of the toes.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, les motifs de densité de tricotage réduite sont constitués par des points de tricotage dont on a supprimé au moins un fil par rapport au fil de tricotage des zones environnantes, ces points de tricotage alternant avec des points de tricotage normal pour constituer très localement des points de - perméabilité augmentée.According to another advantageous characteristic, the reduced knitting density patterns consist of knitting stitches which have been removed from at least one yarn relative to the knitting yarn of the surrounding areas, these knitting stitches alternating with normal knitting stitches for very locally constitute points of - increased permeability.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, la zone d'aération du cou de pied est en forme de losange constitué par un motif formé d'une succession de points de densité de tricotage réduite alternant avec des points de densité égale à celle de l'environnement.According to another advantageous characteristic, the aeration zone of the instep is in the form of a diamond constituted by a pattern formed of a succession of points of reduced knitting density alternating with points of density equal to that of the environment.

Suivant une autre caractéristique avantageuse, les bandes longitudinales sont bordées latéralement par des zones transitoires formées par une succession de points de densité de tricotage réduite alternant avec des points de densité de tricotage égale à celle de l'environnement. Ces bandes longitudinales constituent une transition mécanique avec la fenêtre proprement dite.According to another advantageous characteristic, the longitudinal strips are bordered laterally by transient zones formed by a succession of points of reduced knitting density alternating with knitting density points equal to that of the environment. These longitudinal strips constitute a mechanical transition with the window itself.

Cette fenêtre est avantageusement de forme rectangulaire.This window is advantageously rectangular in shape.

Dessinsdrawings

La présente invention sera décrite ci-après de manière plus détaillée à l'aide d'un exemple de réalisation d'une chaussette aérée et respirante selon l'invention représentée schématiquement dans les dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de côté d'une chaussette posée à plat,
  • la figure 2A est une vue schématique du dessus de la chaussette,
  • la figure 2B est une vue schématique du dessous de la chaussette,
  • la figure 3 est une coupe transversale à échelle agrandie du dessous de la chaussette au niveau de la zone d'aération.
The present invention will be described below in more detail with the aid of an embodiment of an airy and breathable sock according to the invention shown schematically in the accompanying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a sock laid flat,
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic view of the top of the sock,
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic view of the underside of the sock,
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged cross section of the underside of the sock at the aeration zone.

Description du mode de réalisation de l'inventionDescription of the embodiment of the invention

Selon la figure 1, l'invention concerne une chaussette aérée et respirante réalisée en tricot. Cette chaussette comporte des zones de perméabilité pour favoriser le passage de l'air ou l'échange local d'air.According to Figure 1, the invention relates to an airy and breathable sock made of knit. This sock has areas of permeability to promote the passage of air or the local exchange of air.

Cette chaussette peut être une chaussette de ville mais il s'agit principalement d'une chaussette de sport ou de marche comportant des zones de renforcement et de confort, d'épaisseur augmentée pour atténuer et/ou répartir la pression locale entre la chaussure et le pied.This sock may be a city sock, but it is mainly a sports or walking sock with zones of reinforcement and comfort, of increased thickness to attenuate and / or distribute the local pressure between the shoe and the foot.

Ainsi, la chaussette comporte à sa pointe 1 et sur le dessous 2, une surface renforcée constituée par un tricot particulier avec un rajout de fils renforçant ces surfaces et en améliorant le confort, comme par exemple un tricot à bouclettes.Thus, the sock has at its tip 1 and on the bottom 2, a reinforced surface consisting of a particular knit with an addition of son reinforcing these surfaces and improving comfort, such as a knit loop.

Dans la zone avant de la chaussette, après la pointe 1, à l'endroit où se situe la base des orteils, c'est-à-dire la naissance de phalangettes, le dessous 2 et le dessus 3 de la chaussette comportent une zone transversale d'aération 4, 5. Ces zones transversales 4, 5 de forme lenticulaire ou en lunule, occupent la largeur de la chaussette sur le dessus et sur le dessous. Chacune de ces zones transversales est constituée par un motif de tricotage de densité réduite. Ce motif tel qu'un dessin est formé par une alternance de points tricotés avec et sans fils supplémentaires ou dont le nombre de fils tricotés est diminué, pour créer des points plus perméables que les points de tricot voisins. On réalise ainsi une succession de points de passage préférentiel ou d'échange préférentiel de l'air sans que ces points ne constituent une zone continue de réduction d'épaisseur du tricot, qui serait fragilisée ou perceptible au toucher. A l'avant et à l'arrière de ces deux zones transversales d'aération 4, 5, la chaussette est tricotée en fonction de considérations d'élasticité et de confort pour le contact du pied avec la chaussure. Ces deux zones 4, 5 plus perméables, superposées à la base des orteils, créent une cheminée d'air qui traverse ainsi de part en part la chaussette en passant dans l'intervalle des orteils ou en les contournant.In the front zone of the sock, after the tip 1, where the base of the toes is located, that is to say the birth of phalangettes, the bottom 2 and the top 3 of the sock comprise a zone These transverse zones 4, 5 of lenticular or lunate shape, occupy the width of the sock on the top and on the bottom. Each of these transverse areas is constituted by a knitting pattern of reduced density. This pattern such as a pattern is formed by an alternation of knit stitches with and without additional yarns or the number of knitted yarns is decreased to create more permeable stitches than adjacent knit stitches. A succession of preferential points of passage or preferential exchange of air is thus achieved without these points constituting a continuous zone for reducing the thickness of the knit, which would be weakened or perceptible to the touch. At the front and rear of these two transverse zones of ventilation 4, 5, the sock is knitted according to considerations of elasticity and comfort for the contact of the foot with the shoe. These two areas 4, 5 more permeable, superimposed at the base of the toes, create a chimney of air which crosses through the sock and passing in the interval of the toes or bypassing them.

Sur le dessus de la chaussette, au niveau du cou de pied, il y a une zone d'aération 6 formée par un secteur étalé, ayant une forme d'ellipse ou de losange dont le grand axe est dirigé transversalement. Cette zone 6 plus perméable est également formée par un motif transversal de densité de tricotage réduite sans constituer de ligne(s) continue(s) mais seulement une succession de points de passage préférentiel. Il n'y a pas de lignes d'affaiblissement qui pourraient fragiliser transversalement le tricot ni créer une gêne de confort car au toucher, l'épaisseur de la matière ne présente pas de discontinuité. Cette densité de tricotage réduite s'obtient par exemple par la suppression d'un fil de tricotage correspondant à celui du motif à réaliser. Le dessin est réalisé en négatif et correspond à l'absence d'un fil de tricotage.On the top of the sock, at the level of the instep, there is an aeration zone 6 formed by a spreading sector, having an ellipse or diamond shape whose major axis is directed transversely. This more permeable zone 6 is also formed by a transverse pattern of reduced knitting density without constituting a continuous line (s) but only a succession of preferential crossing points. There are no weakening lines that could weaken the knit transversely or create a comfort discomfort because the touch, the thickness of the material does not present discontinuity. This reduced knitting density is obtained for example by the removal of a knitting yarn corresponding to that of the pattern to be produced. The drawing is made in negative and corresponds to the absence of a knitting yarn.

Ainsi, cette zone d'aération 6 sur le cou de pied conserve son épaisseur en étant simplement interrompue par des points de tricotage de densité réduite. Ces points sont de préférence alignés transversalement pour favoriser le pliage sans constituer de ligne transversale affaiblie de manière continue tout en conservant l'épaisseur de la chaussette dans cette zone de contact entre le cou de pied et la chaussure.Thus, this aeration zone 6 on the instep retains its thickness simply by being interrupted by knitting points of reduced density. These points are preferably aligned transversely to promote folding without constituting a continuously weakened transverse line while maintaining the thickness of the sock in this contact zone between the instep and the shoe.

Le dessous 3 de la chaussette comporte une fenêtre d'aération 7 de la plante des pieds. Cette fenêtre d'aération 7, de surface limitée, est située au niveau de la voûte plantaire en dehors pratiquement de la surface habituelle d'appui de la plante du pied. Elle est formée par plusieurs bandes longitudinales 71 dont la densité de tricotage a été réduite de manière à constituer une structure en forme de grille dont les « barres » seraient des bandes 72 tricotées normalement alors que les intervalles longitudinaux constituent les bandes 71 à densité de tricotage réduite. Les intervalles 71 sont dirigés longitudinalement dans l'axe de la chaussette, d'avant en arrière, pour former des lignes de passage entre des bandes longitudinales 72 de tricot ayant conservé leur épaisseur. Les bandes longitudinales assurent la tenue mécanique de la chaussette dans le sens longitudinal pour transmettre de façon homogène les efforts de traction au moment où l'on enfile/enlève la chaussette ou que l'on se chausse ou se déchausse. Cette tenue longitudinale évite également la formation de plis transversaux que pourraient engendrer les mouvements du pied dans la chaussure. Suivant le cas, la fenêtre d'aération 7 est intégrée dans une partie de tricot à bouclettes destinée à améliorer la souplesse de la chaussette à l'écrasement. La fenêtre d'aération 7 peut être bordée d'un côté ou des deux par une zone transitoire 73 de structure voisine de celle de la zone 6 du dessus et composée d'une succession de points de densité de tricotage réduite et de points de densité de tricotage normale, comme celle de l'environnement.The underside 3 of the sock has a ventilation window 7 of the soles of the feet. This ventilation window 7, of limited surface, is located at the level of the arch almost outside the usual surface of support of the sole of the foot. It is formed by a plurality of longitudinal strips 71 whose knitting density has been reduced so as to constitute a grid-like structure whose "bars" would be knitted bands 72 normally whereas the longitudinal intervals constitute the strips 71 with knitting density. scaled down. The intervals 71 are directed longitudinally in the axis of the sock, from front to back, to form lines of passage between longitudinal strips 72 of knitted fabric having retained their thickness. The longitudinal strips ensure the mechanical strength of the sock in the longitudinal direction to transmit homogeneously the tensile forces at the time when we put on / off the sock or that we get on or off. This longitudinal holding also prevents the formation of transverse folds that could cause the movements foot in the shoe. Depending on the case, the ventilation window 7 is integrated in a looped knit portion intended to improve the flexibility of the sock to the crash. The ventilation window 7 may be bordered on one or both sides by a transitional zone 73 of structure close to that of the zone 6 of the top and composed of a succession of points of reduced knitting density and density points. of normal knitting, like that of the environment.

Outre le fait qu'au niveau de la fenêtre d'aération 7, la chaussette n'est pas en contact continu avec la voûte plantaire, cette fenêtre réalise également une fonction de pompage engendrée par le mouvement du pied dans la chaussure et la déformation du pied en mouvement. Les variations de volume créent un échange d'air au niveau du pied à travers la fenêtre d'aération.In addition to the fact that at the level of the ventilation window 7, the sock is not in continuous contact with the arch, this window also performs a pumping function generated by the movement of the foot in the shoe and the deformation of the foot. foot in motion. The volume variations create an air exchange at the foot through the ventilation window.

Les figures 2A et 2B montrent de manière plus précise la forme des différentes zones d'aération et de la fenêtre d'aération.Figures 2A and 2B show more precisely the shape of the different aeration zones and the ventilation window.

LA figure 2A est une vue à plat du dessus 3 de la chaussette sans montrer la tige. Derrière l'extrémité avant ou pointe 1 se trouve la zone transversale d'aération 5 en forme de lentille mince ou de losange. Cette zone est délimitée par un trait interrompu pour la matérialiser dans le dessin. En fait, cette zone n'est pas matérialisée par un contour mais elle est simplement occupée par les points perméables de passage préférentiel de l'air, représentés par des croix. La répartition de ces croix est en ligne transversale mais sans continuité. Les points perméables sont séparés de leur environnement par des points de tricot sans perméabilité préférentielle, tricotés comme l'environnement de cette zone.Figure 2A is a plan view of the top of the sock without showing the shank. Behind the front end or tip 1 is the transverse aeration zone 5 in the form of a thin lens or diamond. This zone is delimited by a broken line to materialize it in the drawing. In fact, this zone is not materialized by an outline but is simply occupied by the permeable points of preferential passage of the air, represented by crosses. The distribution of these crosses is in transverse line but without continuity. The permeable points are separated from their environment by knit stitches without preferential permeability, knitted as the environment of this zone.

La vue de dessus montre également la forme élargie, dirigée également transversalement de la zone d'aération 6 du cou de pied. Cette zone est également matérialisée dans le dessin par un trait pointillé qui n'existe pas en réalité. Les points de passage préférentiel sont représentés par le nuage de croix de même structure que celle de la zone transversale d'aération 5. La répartition peut se faire en lignes transversales droites ou courbes mais sans que les points de passage préférentiel ne soient jointifs. Ils sont toujours séparés par des points de tricot habituel comme les points tricotés en dehors de la zone d'aération 6.The top view also shows the enlarged shape, also directed transversely of the ventilation zone 6 of the instep. This area is also materialized in the drawing by a dotted line that does not exist in reality. The preferred crossing points are represented by the cross-shaped cloud of the same structure as that of the transverse zone of ventilation 5. The distribution can be done in straight or curved transverse lines but without the preferential crossing points being joined. They are always separated by usual knitting stitches like the knitted stitches outside the aeration zone 6.

La vue de dessous de la figure 2B montre la structure de l'autre zone transversale d'aération 4 au droit de la zone 5 et la fenêtre d'aération 7 formée de bandes de perméabilité 71 séparées par les bandes à tricotage normal 72, ayant la même structure que le restant des points de tricot du dessous 2 au moins dans l'environnement de la fenêtre 7. Les bandes constituées par les intervalles 71 sont à densité de tricotage réduite, obtenue comme déjà indiqué ci-dessus. Ces intervalles sont bordés ici par des zones transitoires 73 sur les deux côtés. Ces zones transitoires sont constituées par une répartition discontinue de points perméables comme les points tricotés avec une densité de tricotage réduite des zones 4, 5, 6 évoquées ci-dessus.The bottom view of FIG. 2B shows the structure of the other transverse ventilation zone 4 at zone 5 and the ventilation window 7 formed of strips of permeability 71 separated by the strips. with the same structure as the remainder of the bottom knitting points 2 at least in the environment of the window 7. The bands constituted by the intervals 71 are of reduced knitting density, obtained as already indicated below. above. These ranges are bordered here by transient zones 73 on both sides. These transitional zones consist of a discontinuous distribution of permeable points such as the knitted stitches with a reduced knitting density of the zones 4, 5, 6 mentioned above.

La figure 2B montre que la fenêtre 7 est située sensiblement en position symétrique par rapport à l'axe longitudinale non représenté de la chaussette. Cela permet de ne pas distinguer les chaussettes pour pied droit et pour pied gauche et de ne fabriquer qu'un seul type de chaussette. La même remarque s'applique à la disposition des zones d'aération 4, 5, 6 déjà décrites.Figure 2B shows that the window 7 is located substantially symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the sock not shown. This makes it possible not to distinguish the socks for right foot and for left foot and to manufacture only one type of sock. The same applies to the arrangement of the ventilation zones 4, 5, 6 already described.

La coupe transversale schématique selon III de la fenêtre d'aération (figure 2) représentée à la figure 3 montre l'effet de support constitué par l'épaisseur de la chaussette qui est conservée sur toute la largeur du dessous 2 en formant simplement les intervalles longitudinaux 71, perméables à l'air. Dans cette vue, le contour de la plante du pied est indiqué par la référence P et la semelle sur laquelle s'appuie la chaussette est représentée par la référence S. La fenêtre 7 est bordée des deux côtés par des zones transitoires 73 schématisées par des traits interrompus traversant l'épaisseur du tricot du dessous 2.The schematic cross-section along III of the ventilation window (FIG. 2) represented in FIG. 3 shows the support effect constituted by the thickness of the sock which is preserved over the entire width of the underside 2 simply by forming the intervals. longitudinal 71, permeable to air. In this view, the outline of the sole of the foot is indicated by the reference P and the sole on which the sock rests is represented by the reference S. The window 7 is bordered on both sides by transient zones 73 schematized by broken lines crossing the thickness of the knit fabric below 2.

La succession de bandes épaisses 72 et de bandes d'épaisseur réduite 71 forme des cavités constituant des cavités de pompage qui en fonction du mouvement du pied et de l'écrasement puis de la détente de la matière de la chaussette créent une circulation d'air à travers la paroi de la chaussette à l'endroit de ces zones d'épaisseur réduite. Cette circulation d'air ventile le dessous du pied.The succession of thick strips 72 and strips of reduced thickness 71 form cavities constituting pumping cavities which, depending on the movement of the foot and the crushing and then the relaxation of the material of the sock, create an air flow. through the wall of the sock at the location of these areas of reduced thickness. This circulation of air ventilates the underside of the foot.

L'air ainsi mis en mouvement peut par ailleurs être aspiré ou refoulé par le mouvement global du pied à l'intérieur de la chaussure pendant un exercice de marche.The air thus set in motion can also be sucked or pushed back by the overall movement of the foot inside the shoe during a walking exercise.

Bien que l'invention concerne principalement des chaussettes en tricot pour la marche ou les exercices sportifs, ayant en général des épaisseurs de renforcement à fonction mécanique de protection du pied, l'invention s'applique également à des chaussettes de ville.Although the invention relates mainly to knit socks for walking or sports exercises, generally having reinforcing thicknesses mechanical function of foot protection, the invention also applies to city socks.

Claims (6)

Chaussette aérée / respirante en tricot comportant des zones à perméabilité augmentée pour favoriser le passage de l'air,
caractérisée en ce qu'
elle comprend : - une zone transversale d'aération à la base des orteils sur le dessus et sur le dessous de la chaussette, ces zones étant formées par des motifs de densité de tricotage réduite, - une zone d'aération sur le cou de pied formée par un secteur étalé, transversal à motif de densité de tricotage réduite, - une fenêtre d'aération sur le dessous de la plante des pieds au niveau de la voûte plantaire, cette fenêtre étant formée de plusieurs bandes longitudinales à densité de tricotage réduite. Airy / breathable knit sock with increased permeability zones to promote airflow,
characterized in that
she understands : a transverse zone of ventilation at the base of the toes on the top and on the underside of the sock, these zones being formed by patterns of reduced knitting density, - a ventilation zone on the instep formed by a transverse sector, transverse pattern reduced knitting density, - A ventilation window on the underside of the soles of the feet at the arch, this window being formed of several longitudinal strips with reduced knitting density. Chaussette selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que
les zones transversales sont en forme de lentille étroite ou de losange.Sock according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the transverse areas are in the form of a narrow lens or diamond. Chaussette selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que
le motif de densité de tricotage réduit des zones transversales d'aération à la base des orteils et de la zone d'aération du cou de pied, est constitué par une succession de points à densité de tricotage réduite par la suppression d'au moins un fil de tricotage par rapport au tricotage environnant.Sock according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the knitting density pattern reduces transverse zones of aeration at the base of the toes and the aeration zone of the instep, is constituted by a succession of points with reduced knitting density by the removal of at least one knitting yarn relative to the surrounding knitting. Chaussette selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que
la zone d'aération du cou de pied est en forme de losange constituée par une succession transversale de points de densité de tricotage réduite alternant avec des points de densité égale à celle de l'environnement.Sock according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the aeration zone of the instep is diamond-shaped formed by a transverse succession of points of reduced knitting density alternating with points of density equal to that of the environment. Chaussette selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que
les bandes longitudinales sont bordées latéralement par des zones transitoires formées par une succession de points de densité de tricotage réduite alternant avec des points de densité de tricotage égale à celle de l'environnement.Sock according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the longitudinal strips are laterally bordered by transitional zones formed by a succession of points of reduced knitting density alternating with knitting density points equal to that of the environment. Chaussette selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que
la fenêtre est une zone de forme rectangulaire.Sock according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the window is a rectangular shaped area.
EP06300713A 2005-10-18 2006-06-22 A breathable sock Active EP1776879B1 (en)

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FR0553148A FR2891995B1 (en) 2005-10-18 2005-10-18 BREATHABLE SOCK

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EP1275761A1 (en) * 2001-07-14 2003-01-15 Kunert-Werke GmbH Sock, in particular sports- or walking sock
WO2004068976A2 (en) * 2003-02-05 2004-08-19 X-Technology Swiss Gmbh Sock
EP1621087A1 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-01 Alex 2000 S.r.l. A breathable sock

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10519577B2 (en) 2016-05-05 2019-12-31 Nike, Inc. Circular knitted garment with apertures
US11447898B2 (en) 2016-05-05 2022-09-20 Nike, Inc. Circular knitted garment with apertures
GR1009238B (en) * 2016-11-18 2018-02-23 Γρηγοριος Ηλια Πουρναρας-Σπυρακος Antiperspirant socks

Also Published As

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JP2007113170A (en) 2007-05-10
RU2327395C1 (en) 2008-06-27
ES2346787T3 (en) 2010-10-20
DE602006014340D1 (en) 2010-07-01
FR2891995B1 (en) 2007-12-14
ATE468034T1 (en) 2010-06-15
FR2891995A1 (en) 2007-04-20
PL1776879T3 (en) 2010-10-29
DK1776879T3 (en) 2010-09-06
CN1951242A (en) 2007-04-25
EP1776879A3 (en) 2008-12-17
EP1776879B1 (en) 2010-05-19

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