EP1834747A2 - Method and apparatus for producing moulded articles, in particular boards from lignocellulosic fibres - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing moulded articles, in particular boards from lignocellulosic fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1834747A2
EP1834747A2 EP07005559A EP07005559A EP1834747A2 EP 1834747 A2 EP1834747 A2 EP 1834747A2 EP 07005559 A EP07005559 A EP 07005559A EP 07005559 A EP07005559 A EP 07005559A EP 1834747 A2 EP1834747 A2 EP 1834747A2
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Prior art keywords
water vapor
fibers
porous portion
dryer
wall
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Granted
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EP07005559A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1834747B1 (en
EP1834747A3 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Stahl
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Glunz AG
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Glunz AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F26B17/101—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2210/16—Wood, e.g. lumber, timber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of moldings, in particular plates, from lignocellulose-containing fibers, wherein the fibers are wet-digested from a starting material and fed through a blowpipe to a dryer and wherein before drying water vapor is separated from the fibers. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for the production of moldings, in particular plates, from lignocellulose-containing fibers, with a blowpipe, through which the wet-digested fibers are fed to a dryer, and with a separator to separate water vapor from the dryer before the dryer ,
  • MDF medium density fiberboard
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus of the type described above, in which a low proportion of structural complexity and low susceptibility, a significant proportion of the water vapor can be separated from the fibers before drying in the dryer.
  • the object is achieved by a method having the features of the independent patent claim 1 and by a device having the features of the independent patent claim 7.
  • Preferred embodiments of the new method and the new device are described in the dependent claims 2 to 6 and 8 to 12, respectively.
  • a portion of the water vapor is discharged from the fibers through a porous portion of a wall of the blowpipe.
  • the existing in the blowpipe overpressure is utilized. Nevertheless, the drained part of the steam can still have such a high overpressure that it can be used directly in the context of the production of moldings from lignocellulose-containing fibers.
  • the wall of the blowpipe only a porous Include part through which the water vapor can escape from the blowpipe.
  • only a pipe system for discharging and using the discharged water vapor must be installed.
  • the water vapor is discharged prior to gluing the fibers in the blowpipe in order to avoid clogging of the porous portion of the wall of the blowpipe, through which the water vapor is discharged, with binder. Clogging of the porous portion by the fibers themselves may be preceded by a small pore size of the porous portion.
  • water vapor is typically used in the prior art under slightly elevated pressure, which is yet to be newly created.
  • the porous portion of the blower tube may be formed by a ceramic filter, which is arranged in particular in front of a gluing station for the fibers in the blowpipe. From an adjacent to the ceramic filter receiving line for the exiting water vapor can a Returning to a preheating station for the starting material of the fibers may be provided, in which the discharged water vapor is taken up under a moderate overpressure of typically about 0.3 MPa.
  • the region of the ceramic filter can be subdivided into sections which can be rinsed off one another separately and thus alternately. It can also be provided for the alternate backwashing and removal of water from the blowpipe several ceramic filter.
  • the apparatus 1 outlined in FIG. 1 serves for the digestion and processing of lignocellulose-containing fibers from a starting material 2, for example in the form of woodchips.
  • the starting material 2 is heated in a storage tank 3 and moistened.
  • water vapor 4 is supplied to the storage tank from below.
  • the warmed starting material 2 via a screw conveyor 5 is supplied to a pressurized digester 6.
  • Heat energy is supplied to the digester 6 in the form of water vapor 4.
  • the thus prepared starting material 2 is wet-fiberized in a defibrator 7 and then discharged into a blowpipe 8. In this case, the pressure built up previously from the digester 6 is released to separate the fiber, so that flows through the blowpipe 8, a suspension of water vapor and fibers.
  • the fibers in the blower tube 8 are sprayed with binder 10 to glue them.
  • the glued fibers pass with the steam in a dryer 11, in which they are adjusted with previously warmed air 12 to a desired fiber moisture.
  • the excess air enriched with the excess water vapor in a cyclone 13 are deposited, and the fibers pass into a fiber container 14, from which they are processed further to form using the use of elevated temperature and elevated pressure moldings, in particular plates from them ,
  • a separating device 15 is provided on the blower tube 8 in front of the glueing station 9 in order to discharge a portion 16 of the water vapor from the blower tube 8 in order to prepare it in the region of preparation Use starting material 2 again and to avoid exposure of the dryer 11 with this part 16 of water vapor.
  • the separating device 15, which is arranged relatively far at the beginning of the blower tube 8, where in the blowpipe 8, a comparatively large pressure prevails, is sketched in Fig. 2 in more detail.
  • the separating device 15 comprises a ceramic filter 17, which forms a porous portion 18 of the wall 19 of the blow pipe 8.
  • a typical pore size of the ceramic filter 17 is 5 microns.
  • the typical wood fiber size in the blow tube 8 is between 10 microns and 3000 microns.
  • the risk of clogging of the ceramic filter 17 is therefore low and can be reduced to virtually zero by a regular counter-pressure.
  • the ceramic filter if it is made of such a material, as it is currently used for example in ceramic filters for the purification of flue gases in hard coal power plants, both extremely heat and moisture resistant. So very long lifetimes of the ceramic filter are expected.
  • the expenditure on equipment, which is operated for the recovery of about 10% of the effluent water flowing through the blowpipe so that overall only small. However, recovery of 10% of the water vapor under a pressure increased to such an extent that allows immediate reuse already means a considerable saving in the overall energy balance.
  • the dryer is also significantly relieved when drying the fibers to a desired fiber moisture content.

Abstract

The method involves exposing the fiber to a base material (2), and guiding the processed fiber to a dryer (11) through a blast pipe (8). The water vapor is separated from the fiber at a position before the dryer. A portion of water vapor is discharged through a porous section in the wall of the blast pipe. The porous section in the wall is subjected with counter pressure from outer side at predetermined intervals. An independent claim is also included for a device for producing a molded padding, comprising a separating mechanism.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern, insbesondere Platten, aus Lignocellulose haltigen Fasern, wobei die Fasern aus einem Ausgangsmaterial feucht aufgeschlossen und durch ein Blasrohr einem Trockner zugeführt werden und wobei vor dem Trocknen Wasserdampf von den Fasern abgetrennt wird. Weiterhin bezieht sich die Erfindung auf eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formkörpern, insbesondere Platten, aus Lignocellulose haltigen Fasern, mit einem Blasrohr, durch den die feucht aufgeschlossenen Fasern einem Trockner zugeführt werden, und mit einer Abtrenneinrichtung, um Wasserdampf vor dem Trockner von den Fasern abzutrennen.The invention relates to a process for the production of moldings, in particular plates, from lignocellulose-containing fibers, wherein the fibers are wet-digested from a starting material and fed through a blowpipe to a dryer and wherein before drying water vapor is separated from the fibers. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for the production of moldings, in particular plates, from lignocellulose-containing fibers, with a blowpipe, through which the wet-digested fibers are fed to a dryer, and with a separator to separate water vapor from the dryer before the dryer ,

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Ein Anwendungsgebiet der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Herstellung von mitteldichten Faserplatten (MDF). Bei der üblichen Herstellung von MDF werden Holzhackschnitzel unter Druck feucht zerfasert und dann durch Entspannung des Drucks in ein Blasrohr hinein vereinzelt. Sich bei der Entspannung des Drucks aus der Feuchtigkeit bildender Wasserdampf dient dann zur Förderung der Fasern durch das Blasrohr bis zu einem Trockner. Noch vor dem Trockner kann innerhalb des Blasrohrs eine Beleimung der Fasern mit einem Bindemittel erfolgen. Nach dem Trockner wird aus den Fasern eine Fasermatte geformt, die anschließend zu den gewünschten Platten unter Einwirkung von erhöhtem Druck und erhöhter Temperatur und unter Aushärtung des Bindemittels verpresst wird.One field of application of the present invention is the production of medium density fiberboard (MDF). In the usual production of MDF, woodchips are wet-shredded under pressure and then separated by relaxing the pressure in a blowpipe. In the relaxation of the pressure from the moisture-forming water vapor then serves to promote the fibers through the blowpipe to a dryer. Even before the dryer can be done within the blowpipe gluing the fibers with a binder. After the dryer, a fiber mat is formed from the fibers, which is then pressed to the desired plates under the action of elevated pressure and elevated temperature and curing of the binder.

Der Nachteil dieses weithin eingesetzten Verfahrens besteht darin, dass der Strom des Wasserdampfs durch das Blasrohr ungenutzt in den Trockner eintritt und dort sogar den Energieaufwand für die Einstellung der Fasern auf eine gewünschte reduzierte Faserfeuchte erhöht. Es ist daher grundsätzlich bekannt, einen Teil des Wasserdampfs vor dem Trockner von den Fasern abzutrennen, um die in dem Wasserdampf inne wohnende Energie zumindest teilweise zurück zu gewinnen und um den Trockner weniger stark mit Feuchtigkeit zu belasten. Hierzu werde zyklonartige Einreichungen eingesetzt, wie dies beispielsweise in der WO 02/29342 A1 beschrieben ist, um den leichteren Wasserdampf von den schwereren Fasern abzutrennen. Allerdings wird in der WO 02/29342 A1 auch bereits das mit diesen Einrichtungen verbundene Problem von Störungen aufgrund einer Ablagerung von Fasern an den verwendeten Einrichtungen angesprochen. Diese sind insbesondere dann störanfällig, wenn Wasserdampfs von im Blasrohr beleimten Fasern abgeschieden wird. Zudem ist der bauliche Aufwand für die hierzu verwendeten zyklonartigen Einrichtungen sehr groß.The disadvantage of this widely used method is that the flow of water vapor through the blowpipe unused enters the dryer and there even the energy required for the adjustment of the fibers to a desired reduced fiber moisture elevated. It is therefore generally known to separate part of the water vapor in front of the dryer from the fibers in order to at least partially recover the energy inherent in the water vapor and to less strongly burden the dryer with moisture. For this cyclonic submissions are used, as for example in the WO 02/29342 A1 is described to separate the lighter water vapor from the heavier fibers. However, in the WO 02/29342 A1 already addressed the problem associated with these facilities of disturbances due to a deposition of fibers to the facilities used. These are particularly susceptible to interference if water vapor is deposited by fibers glued in the blowpipe. In addition, the structural complexity of the cyclone-type devices used for this purpose is very large.

AUFGABE DER ERFINDUNGOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art aufzuzeigen, bei denen mit geringem baulichen Aufwand und mit geringer Störanfälligkeit ein signifikanter Anteil des Wasserdampfs von den Fasern vor deren Trocknung in dem Trockner abgeschieden werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus of the type described above, in which a low proportion of structural complexity and low susceptibility, a significant proportion of the water vapor can be separated from the fibers before drying in the dryer.

LÖSUNGSOLUTION

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 und durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 7 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des neuen Verfahrens und der neuen Vorrichtung sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen 2 bis 6 bzw. 8 bis 12 beschrieben.According to the invention the object is achieved by a method having the features of the independent patent claim 1 and by a device having the features of the independent patent claim 7. Preferred embodiments of the new method and the new device are described in the dependent claims 2 to 6 and 8 to 12, respectively.

BESCHREIBUNG DER ERFINDUNGDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Bei der Erfindung wird ein Teil des Wasserdampfs von den Fasern durch einen porösen Teilbereich einer Wandung des Blasrohrs abgelassen. Dazu wird der in dem Blasrohr vorhandene Überdruck ausgenutzt. Dennoch kann auch der abgelassene Teil des Wasserdampfs noch einen so hohen Überdruck aufweisen, dass er direkt im Rahmen der Herstellung von Formkörpern aus Lignocellulose haltigen Fasern eingesetzt werden kann. Für die Durchführung des neuen Verfahrens muss die Wandung des Blasrohrs nur einen porösen Teilbereich umfassen, durch den der Wasserdampf aus dem Blasrohr austreten kann. Darüber hinaus muss nur noch ein Rohrsystem zum Abführen und Verwenden des abgelassenen Wasserdampfs installiert werden.In the invention, a portion of the water vapor is discharged from the fibers through a porous portion of a wall of the blowpipe. For this purpose, the existing in the blowpipe overpressure is utilized. Nevertheless, the drained part of the steam can still have such a high overpressure that it can be used directly in the context of the production of moldings from lignocellulose-containing fibers. For the implementation of the new method, the wall of the blowpipe only a porous Include part through which the water vapor can escape from the blowpipe. In addition, only a pipe system for discharging and using the discharged water vapor must be installed.

Trotzdem ist es bei dem neuen Verfahren möglich, bis zu einem Fünftel des Wasserdampfs in dem Blasrohr abzulassen. Typischerweise wird das neue Verfahren genutzt, um von 5 bis 15 % des Wasserdampfs in dem Blasrohr abzulassen. Bereits hierdurch werden erhebliche Einsparungen an Energie im Bereich des Trockners erzielt. Zusätzlich wird die in dem abgelassenen Wasserdampf enthaltene Energie nutzbar gemacht.Nevertheless, with the new method, it is possible to vent up to a fifth of the water vapor in the blowpipe. Typically, the new process is used to vent from 5 to 15% of the water vapor in the blowpipe. Already hereby significant savings in energy in the dryer are achieved. In addition, the energy contained in the discharged water vapor is utilized.

Vorzugsweise wird bei dem neuen Verfahren der Wasserdampf vor einer Beleimung der Fasern in dem Blasrohr abgelassen, um eine Verstopfung des porösen Teilbereichs der Wandung des Blasrohrs, durch den der Wasserdampf abgelassen wird, mit Bindemittel zu vermeiden. Einer Verstopfung des porösen Teilbereichs durch die Fasern selbst kann durch eine geringe Porengröße des porösen Teilbereichs vorgebaut werden.Preferably, in the new method, the water vapor is discharged prior to gluing the fibers in the blowpipe in order to avoid clogging of the porous portion of the wall of the blowpipe, through which the water vapor is discharged, with binder. Clogging of the porous portion by the fibers themselves may be preceded by a small pore size of the porous portion.

Eine Einsatzmöglichkeit des abgelassenen Wasserdampfs ist die Vorerwärmung des Ausgangsmaterials vor dessen Aufschluss in die Fasern. Hier wird bereits im Stand der Technik typischerweise Wasserdampf unter leicht erhöhtem Druck eingesetzt, der bislang aber neu erzeugt wird.One possible use of the drained water vapor is the preheating of the starting material before it is broken down into the fibers. Here, water vapor is typically used in the prior art under slightly elevated pressure, which is yet to be newly created.

Falls bei dem neuen Verfahren trotz einer kleinen Porengröße des porösen Teilbereichs Verstopfungen des porösen Teilbereichs auftreten, können diese durch eine Gegendruckbeaufschlagung des porösen Teilbereichs in Intervallen beseitigt werden. Wenn dabei unterschiedliche Abschnitte des porösen Teilbereichs der Wandung zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten mit einem Gegendruck von außen beaufschlagt werden, steht immer zumindest einer der Abschnitte für den Abzug von Wasserdampf aus dem Blasrohr zur Verfügung, und es können auch über einen Wechsel der Rückspülung zwischen den Abschnitten im Wesentlichen konstante Strömungsverhältnisse in dem Blasrohraufrechterhalten werden.If, in spite of a small pore size of the porous portion, blockages of the porous portion occur in the new method, they can be eliminated by counterpressurizing the porous portion at intervals. If different portions of the porous portion of the wall are acted upon at different times with a back pressure from the outside, is always at least one of the sections for the withdrawal of water vapor from the blowpipe available, and it can also be a change of the backwash between the sections in Substantially constant flow conditions are maintained in the blower tube.

Bei der neuen Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des neuen Verfahrens kann der poröse Teilbereich des Blasrohrs durch einen Keramikfilter ausgebildet sein, der insbesondere vor einer Beleimungsstation für die Fasern in dem Blasrohr angeordnet ist. Von einer an den Keramikfilter angrenzenden Aufnahmeleitung für den austretenden Wasserdampf kann eine Rückführung bis zu einer Vorerwärmungsstation für das Ausgangsmaterial der Fasern vorgesehen sein, in der der abgelassene Wasserdampf unter einem mäßigen Überdruck von typischerweise etwa 0,3 MPa aufgenommen wird.In the new apparatus for carrying out the new method, the porous portion of the blower tube may be formed by a ceramic filter, which is arranged in particular in front of a gluing station for the fibers in the blowpipe. From an adjacent to the ceramic filter receiving line for the exiting water vapor can a Returning to a preheating station for the starting material of the fibers may be provided, in which the discharged water vapor is taken up under a moderate overpressure of typically about 0.3 MPa.

An der Aufnahmeleitung für den Wasserdampf können für eine Rückspülung des Filters durch Aufbringung eines Gegendrucks notwendigen Ventile angeordnet sein. Dabei kann der Bereich des Keramikfilters in Abschnitte unterteilt sein, die getrennt voneinander und damit wechselweise zurück gespült werden können. Es können auch mehrere Keramikfilter zum wechselweisen Rückspülen und Abziehen von Wasser aus dem Blasrohr vorgesehen sein.At the receiving line for the steam can be arranged for a backwashing of the filter by applying a back pressure necessary valves. In this case, the region of the ceramic filter can be subdivided into sections which can be rinsed off one another separately and thus alternately. It can also be provided for the alternate backwashing and removal of water from the blowpipe several ceramic filter.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen. Die in der Beschreibungseinleitung genannten Vorteile von Merkmalen und von Kombinationen mehrerer Merkmale sind lediglich beispielhaft und können alternativ oder kumulativ zur Wirkung kommen, ohne dass die Vorteile zwingend von erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen erzielt werden müssen. Weitere Merkmale sind den Zeichnungen - insbesondere den dargestellten Geometrien und den relativen Abmessungen mehrerer Bauteile zueinander sowie deren relativer Anordnung und Wirkverbindung - zu entnehmen. Die Kombination von Merkmalen unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen der Erfindung oder von Merkmalen unterschiedlicher Patentansprüche ist ebenfalls abweichend von den gewählten Rückbeziehungen der Patentansprüche möglich und wird hiermit angeregt. Dies betrifft auch solche Merkmale, die in separaten Zeichnungen dargestellt sind oder bei deren Beschreibung genannt werden. Diese Merkmale können auch mit Merkmalen unterschiedlicher Patentansprüche kombiniert werden. Ebenso können in den Patentansprüchen aufgeführte Merkmale für weitere Ausführungsformen der Erfindung entfallen.Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the description and the drawings. The advantages of features and of combinations of several features mentioned in the introduction to the description are merely exemplary and can come into effect alternatively or cumulatively, without the advantages having to be achieved by embodiments according to the invention. Further features are the drawings - in particular the illustrated geometries and the relative dimensions of several components to each other and their relative arrangement and operative connection - refer. The combination of features of different embodiments of the invention or of features of different claims is also possible deviating from the chosen relationships of the claims and is hereby stimulated. This also applies to those features which are shown in separate drawings or are mentioned in their description. These features can also be combined with features of different claims. Likewise, in the claims listed features for further embodiments of the invention can be omitted.

KURZBESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert und beschrieben.

Fig.1
zeigt den grundsätzlichen Aufbau und die Funktion einer Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Fasern zur Verwendung bei der Durchführung des neuen Verfahrens, beispielsweise im Rahmen der Herstellung von MDF, und
Fig. 2
zeigt eine Abtrenneinrichtung zum Abziehen von Wasserdampf aus dem Blasrohr der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 als Detail von Fig. 1.
In the following the invention with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings is explained and described in detail.
Fig.1
shows the basic structure and the function of a device for processing fibers for use in carrying out the new method, for example in the context of the production of MDF, and
Fig. 2
shows a separation device for removing water vapor from the blower tube of the device according to FIG. 1 as a detail of FIG. 1.

FIGURENBESCHREIBUNGDESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die in Fig. 1 skizzierte Vorrichtung 1 dient zum Aufschließen und Aufbereiten von Lignocellulose haltigen Fasern aus einem Ausgangsmaterial 2 beispielsweise in der Form von Holzhackschnitzeln. Das Ausgangsmaterial 2 wird in einem Vorlagebehälter 3 angewärmt und angefeuchtet. Hierzu wird dem Vorlagebehälter von unten Wasserdampf 4 zugeführt. Aus dem Vorlagebehälter 3 wird das angewärmte Ausgangsmaterial 2 über eine Stoffschnecke 5 einem unter Druck stehenden Kocher 6 zugeführt. Wärmeenergie wird dem Kocher 6 in Form von Wasserdampf 4 zugeführt. Das derart aufbereitete Ausgangsmaterial 2 wird in einem Defibrator 7 feucht zerfasert und dann in ein Blasrohr 8 abgegeben. Dabei wird zur Vereinzelung der Faser der zuvor ab dem Kocher 6 aufgebaute Druck entspannt, so dass durch das Blasrohr 8 eine Suspension aus Wasserdampf und Fasern strömt. In einer Beleimstation 9 werden die Fasern in dem Blasrohr 8 mit Bindemittel 10 besprüht, um sie zu beleimen. Die beleimten Fasern gelangen mit dem Wasserdampf in einen Trockner 11, in dem sie mit zuvor angewärmter Luft 12 auf eine gewünschte Faserfeuchte eingestellt werden. Anschließend werden die überschüssige Luft angereichert mit dem überschüssigen Wasserdampf in einem Zyklon 13 abgeschieden, und die Fasern gelangen in einen Faserbehälter 14, aus dem heraus sie weiter verarbeitet werden, um unter Einsatz von erhöhter Temperatur und erhöhtem Druck Formkörper, insbesondere Platten, aus ihnen auszubilden.The apparatus 1 outlined in FIG. 1 serves for the digestion and processing of lignocellulose-containing fibers from a starting material 2, for example in the form of woodchips. The starting material 2 is heated in a storage tank 3 and moistened. For this purpose, water vapor 4 is supplied to the storage tank from below. From the reservoir 3, the warmed starting material 2 via a screw conveyor 5 is supplied to a pressurized digester 6. Heat energy is supplied to the digester 6 in the form of water vapor 4. The thus prepared starting material 2 is wet-fiberized in a defibrator 7 and then discharged into a blowpipe 8. In this case, the pressure built up previously from the digester 6 is released to separate the fiber, so that flows through the blowpipe 8, a suspension of water vapor and fibers. In a gluing station 9, the fibers in the blower tube 8 are sprayed with binder 10 to glue them. The glued fibers pass with the steam in a dryer 11, in which they are adjusted with previously warmed air 12 to a desired fiber moisture. Subsequently, the excess air enriched with the excess water vapor in a cyclone 13 are deposited, and the fibers pass into a fiber container 14, from which they are processed further to form using the use of elevated temperature and elevated pressure moldings, in particular plates from them ,

Die Besonderheit des in Fig. 1 skizzierten Verfahrens zur Aufbereitung von Fasern ist es, dass vor der Beleimstation 9 eine Abtrenneinrichtung 15 an dem Blasrohr 8 vorgesehen ist, um einen Teil 16 des Wasserdampfs aus dem Blasrohr 8 abzulassen, um ihn im Bereich der Vorbereitung des Ausgangsmaterials 2 wieder einzusetzen und um eine Belastung des Trockners 11 mit diesem Teil 16 Wasserdampfs zu vermeiden. Die Abtrenneinrichtung 15, die relativ weit am Anfang des Blasrohrs 8 angeordnet ist, wo in dem Blasrohr 8 ein vergleichsweise großer Überdruck herrscht, ist in Fig. 2 näher skizziert. Als wesentliches Bauteil umfasst die Abtrenneinrichtung 15 einen Keramikfilter 17, der einen porösen Teilbereich 18 der Wandung 19 des Blasrohrs 8 ausbildet. Durch den Innenraum des Keramikfilters 17 strömt der unter Überdruck stehende Wasserdampf zusammen mit den von ihm geförderten Fasern. Ein Anteil des Wasserdampfs in der Größenordnung von 10 % seines Gesamtvolumens wird dabei durch den Keramikfilter 17 hindurchgedrückt und gelangt auf dessen Rückseite in eine Aufnahmeleitung 20. Von der Aufnahmeleitung 20 gelangt der Wasserdampf 16 über ein Ventil 21 zurück zum Aufschluss des Ausgangsmaterials in die Fasern. Ein weiteres zu der Abführleitung 20 führendes Ventil 22 ist zum Rückspülen des Keramikfilters 17 vorgesehen, indem die Anschlussleitung 20 über das Ventil 22 mit einer Druckleitung 22 verbunden wird, die den Keramikfilter 17 von außen mit einem höheren Druck beaufschlagt, als er im Inneren des Blasrohrs 8 herrscht. Hierdurch werden Fasern und Faserteilchen, die in die feinen Poren des Keramikfilters 17 eingetreten sind, wieder aus diesem heraus geblasen, um den Keramikfilter 17 zu regenerieren. Eine typische Porengröße des Keramikfilters 17 liegt bei 5 µm. Die typische Holzfasergröße in dem Blasrohr 8 liegt zwischen 10 µm und 3000 µm. Die Gefahr einer Verstopfung des Keramikfilters 17 ist daher nur gering und kann durch eine regelmäßige Gegendruckbeaufschlagung praktisch auf null reduziert werden. Gleichzeitig ist der Keramikfilter, wenn er aus einem solchen Material ausgebildet wird, wie es beispielsweise derzeit bei Keramikfiltern zur Reinigung von Rauchgasen in Steinkohlekraftwerken Verwendung findet, sowohl extrem hitze- als auch feuchtebeständig. So sind sehr lange Lebensdauern des Keramikfilters zu erwarten. Der apparative Aufwand, der für die Rückgewinnung von ungefähr 10 % des durch das Blasrohr abströmenden Wasserdampfs betrieben wird, ist damit insgesamt nur gering. Eine Rückgewinnung von 10 % des Wasserdampfs unter einem soweit erhöhten Druck, der eine unmittelbare Wiederverwendung ermöglicht, bedeutet aber bereits eine erhebliche Einsparung bei der Gesamtenergiebilanz. Gleichzeitig wird der Trockner bei der Trocknung der Fasern auf eine gewünschte Faserfeuchte ebenfalls signifikant entlastet.The peculiarity of the process for processing fibers outlined in FIG. 1 is that a separating device 15 is provided on the blower tube 8 in front of the glueing station 9 in order to discharge a portion 16 of the water vapor from the blower tube 8 in order to prepare it in the region of preparation Use starting material 2 again and to avoid exposure of the dryer 11 with this part 16 of water vapor. The separating device 15, which is arranged relatively far at the beginning of the blower tube 8, where in the blowpipe 8, a comparatively large pressure prevails, is sketched in Fig. 2 in more detail. As an essential component, the separating device 15 comprises a ceramic filter 17, which forms a porous portion 18 of the wall 19 of the blow pipe 8. Through the interior of the ceramic filter 17 which is under pressure water vapor flows together with the fibers funded by him. A proportion of the water vapor in the order of 10% of its total volume is thereby pressed from the ceramic filter 17 and passes on the back in a receiving line 20. From the receiving line 20 of the water vapor 16 passes through a valve 21 back to the digestion of the starting material in the fibers. Another leading to the discharge line 20 valve 22 is provided for backwashing the ceramic filter 17 by the connecting line 20 is connected via the valve 22 with a pressure line 22 which acts on the ceramic filter 17 from the outside with a higher pressure than it inside the blowpipe 8 prevails. As a result, fibers and fiber particles which have entered the fine pores of the ceramic filter 17 are blown out therefrom again to regenerate the ceramic filter 17. A typical pore size of the ceramic filter 17 is 5 microns. The typical wood fiber size in the blow tube 8 is between 10 microns and 3000 microns. The risk of clogging of the ceramic filter 17 is therefore low and can be reduced to virtually zero by a regular counter-pressure. At the same time, the ceramic filter, if it is made of such a material, as it is currently used for example in ceramic filters for the purification of flue gases in hard coal power plants, both extremely heat and moisture resistant. So very long lifetimes of the ceramic filter are expected. The expenditure on equipment, which is operated for the recovery of about 10% of the effluent water flowing through the blowpipe, so that overall only small. However, recovery of 10% of the water vapor under a pressure increased to such an extent that allows immediate reuse already means a considerable saving in the overall energy balance. At the same time the dryer is also significantly relieved when drying the fibers to a desired fiber moisture content.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtungcontraption
22
Ausgangsmaterialstarting material
33
Vorlagebehälterstorage container
44
WasserdampfSteam
55
Stoffschneckefabric screw
66
KocherStove
77
Defibratordefibrator
88th
Blasrohrblowpipe
99
Beleimungsstationgluing station
1010
Bindemittelbinder
1111
Trocknerdryer
1212
Luftair
1313
Zykloncyclone
1414
Faserbehälterfiber container
1515
Abtrenneinrichtungseparating
1616
Teil des WasserdampfsPart of the water vapor
1717
Keramikfilterceramic filter
1818
Teilbereichsubregion
1919
Wandungwall
2020
Auffangleitungdrip line
2121
VentilValve
2222
VentilValve
2323
Druckleitungpressure line

Claims (12)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern, insbesondere Platten aus Lignocellulose haltigen Fasern, wobei die Fasern aus einem Ausgangsmaterial feucht aufgeschlossen und durch ein Blasrohr einem Trockner zugeführt werden und wobei vor dem Trockner Wasserdampf von den Fasern abgetrennt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil (16) des Wasserdampfs von den Fasern durch einen porösen Teilbereich (18) einer Wandung (19) des Blasrohrs (9) abgelassen wird.A process for the production of shaped articles, in particular sheets of lignocellulose-containing fibers, wherein the fibers are wet-digested from a starting material and fed through a blowpipe to a dryer and wherein before the dryer water vapor is separated from the fibers, characterized in that a part (16) of the water vapor is discharged from the fibers through a porous portion (18) of a wall (19) of the blower tube (9). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 5 bis 15 % des gesamten Wasserdampfs in dem Blasrohr (8) durch den porösen Teilbereich (18) abgelassen werden.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that 5 to 15% of the total water vapor in the blower tube (8) through the porous portion (18) are discharged. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wasserdampf (16) vor einer Beleimung der Fasern in dem Blasrohr (8) abgelassen wird.A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water vapor (16) is discharged before a gluing of the fibers in the blower tube (8). Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der abgelassene Wasserdampf (16) zur Vorerwärmung des Ausgangsmaterials (2) vor dem Aufschluss der Fasern verwendet wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the discharged water vapor (16) for preheating the starting material (2) is used before the digestion of the fibers. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der poröse Teilbereich (18) der Wandung (19) in Intervallen mit einem Gegendruck von außen beaufschlagt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the porous portion (18) of the wall (19) is acted upon at intervals with a back pressure from the outside. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass verschiedene Abschnitte des porösen Teilbereichs (18) der Wandung (19) zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten mit dem Gegendruck von außen beaufschlagt werden.Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that different portions of the porous portion (18) of the wall (19) are acted upon at different times with the back pressure from the outside. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formkörpern, insbesondere Platten, aus Lignocellulose haltigen Fasern, mit einem Blasrohr, durch das die feucht aufgeschlossenen Fasern einem Trockner zugeführt werden, und mit einer Abtrenneinrichtung, um Wasserdampf vor dem Trockner von den Fasern abzutrennen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abtrenneinrichtung (15) einen porösen Teilbereich (18) der Wandung (19) des Blasrohrs (8) umfasst, um über diesen Teilbereich (18) einen Teil (16) des Wasserdampfs aus dem Blasrohr (8) abzuziehen.Apparatus for the production of shaped articles, in particular sheets, of lignocellulose-containing fibers, comprising a blowing tube through which the wet-digested fibers are fed to a dryer, and a separating device for separating water vapor from the fibers in front of the dryer, characterized in that the separating device (15) comprises a porous portion (18) of the wall (19) of the blower tube (8) to withdraw over this portion (18) a portion (16) of the water vapor from the blowpipe (8). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der poröse Teilbereich (18) der Wandung (19) durch einen Keramikfilter (17) ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the porous portion (18) of the wall (19) by a ceramic filter (17) is formed. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der poröse Teilbereich der Wandung (19) vor einer Beleimungsstation (10) in dem Blasrohr (8) vorgesehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the porous portion of the wall (19) in front of a gluing station (10) in the blower tube (8) is provided. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass von der Abtrenneinrichtung (15) eine Rückführleitung für den Wasserdampf (16) zu Aufschlusseinrichtungen für das Ausgangsmaterial (2) führt, in der der Wasserdampf unter Druck steht.Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that of the separating device (15) leads to a return line for the steam (16) to Aufschlusseinrichtungen for the starting material (2), in which the water vapor is under pressure. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Rückspüleinrichtung für den porösen Teilbereich (18) des Blasrohrs (8) vorgesehen ist, um diesen mit einem Gegendruck zu beaufschlagen.Device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that a backwashing device for the porous portion (18) of the blower tube (8) is provided to pressurize this with a back pressure. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der poröse Teilbereich (18) in Abschnitte unterteilt ist, die zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten mit dem Gegendruck beaufschlagbar sind.Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the porous portion (18) is divided into sections which can be acted upon at different times with the counter-pressure.
EP20070005559 2006-03-18 2007-03-19 Method and apparatus for separating steam from lignocellulosic fibres Not-in-force EP1834747B1 (en)

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