EP1873327A1 - Tile and method for laying tiles seamlessly - Google Patents

Abstract

The covering panel (10) has a lower side running in distance to an upper side, and an edge zone connecting the upper and the lower sides. The edge zone has a surface section with a flat upper surface, which is designed for jointless attachment at the corresponding covering panel. Another surface section has an upper surface in which a groove shaped recess extends, and forms a channel section that runs parallel to the upper side of the panel. The former surface section runs perpendicularly to the upper side. An independent claim is also included for a method for displacement of a slab lining with a covering panel.

Description

The invention relates to a covering plate and a method for laying a seamless covering with such covering plates.

The term covering plate according to the invention includes all forms of plate-shaped body, regardless of their circumferential geometry. These include plates that are rectangular, triangular, rhombic, hexagonal, round, oval or trapezoidal in plan, regardless of their length, width, diameter or thickness. An exemplary panel has a surface area of 0.1 to 10 square meters and a thickness of 0.01 to 0.5 m. The term covering plate extends primarily to components with planner The upper side, according to the invention, however, also includes those components which have, for example, slight corrugation, dimples or other structures on at least one of their surfaces (including edge-side chamfers, etc.), as long as a substantially planar functional surface results overall for the purpose of a covering fulfill.

The term "jointless" is to be understood in a technical sense, that is, between corresponding portions of the edge zone of adjacent lining plates should be a maximum caused by manufacturing or laying tolerances distance.

As far as hereinafter referred to as "top", "bottom", "top", "bottom", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., these locations refer to the intended use / installation of the panels for a floor covering. The following description refers to this application without restricting the invention in this respect. The panels can also be used to create wall coverings, table surfaces, coverings of all kinds, ceilings, etc.

A problem area of known plate floors is the joint area between adjacent plates. The board material can be as high quality as necessary, the joints between the plates are weak zones in terms of: wear, frost / dew resistance, insulating properties, resistance to gases and liquids (including acid resistance), abrasion resistance, etc., since mostly monolithic materials are used, which often do not reach the material properties of the plate material. Irrespective of this, the problem with grooved plate bottoms is that the - softer - joints are destroyed by differences in the physical characteristics of the plate material at thermally and / or mechanically indicated stresses.

A jointless laying fails so far on a satisfactory solution to be able to move the individual plates fixed to each other. Adhesion in the edge area is often not sufficient to withstand the high mechanical and thermal stresses to which such a plate covering is subject, especially in commercial use. Anchoring in a subfloor is extremely complex and leads to high rejection.

The invention has for its object to provide a way flooring flooring plates in such a way that they can be virtually joint-free, but laid in a defined assignment to each other and thus make difficult and new applications accessible.

1. a) Jede Platte liegt mit ihrer Randzone an einer benachbarten Platte. Um eine mehr oder weniger geschlossene Oberfläche bei einem fertigen Plattenbelag zu erreichen müssen die Abschnitte der Randzone, die der Plattenoberfläche benachbart sind, korrespondierend zueinander im Sinne einer fugenfreien Anlage ausgebildet werden. Im einfachsten Fall handelt es sich um vertikal verlaufende plane Flächenabschnitte. Weitere Bespiele werden nachstehend beschrieben.
2. b) Die Randzone jeder Platte muss darüber hinaus einen Abschnitt aufweisen, der der sicheren Verbindung mit einer benachbarten Platte dient. Diese Verbindung muss unter Berücksichtung von a) unterhalb der Randzone liegen, die dem fugenlosen Anschluss an eine Nachbarplatte dient. Die Verbindung wird über die Ausbildung eines im Wesentlichen parallel zur Plattenoberseite verlaufenden Kanalabschnitts erreicht, der in der Oberfläche dieses Randzonenabschnitts vorgesehen ist und bei der Verlegung mit einer aushärtbaren Füllmasse gefüllt wird. Die Verbindung zur und mit einer benachbarten Platte ergibt sich daraus, dass diese analoge Kanalabschnitte im Randzonenbereich aufweist. Nach Anlage einer Platte an eine zweite Platte bilden die beiden, jeweils offenen Kanalabschnitte einen gemeinsamen umfangsseitig geschlossenen Kanalabschnitt, der später verfüllt wird.
3. c) Gemäß b) wird bei Verlegung mehrerer Platten zu einem Plattenbelag ein kontinuierliches Kanalnetz geschaffen, welches aus einzelnen Kanalabschnitten zwischen benachbarten Platten zusammengesetzt ist. Der Vorteil dieses entsprechend verzweigten Kanalnetzes liegt darin, dass die Verfüllung aller Kanalabschnitte mit einem Mörtel, Kleber, Harz oder dergleichen gemeinsam über eine einzige oder wenige Zuführ-/Injektionsstelle(n) erfolgen kann. Das Füllmaterial strömt dabei von Kanalabschnitt zu Kanalabschnitt, bis alle Bereiche in der gewünschten Weise und in dem gewünschten Füllgrad verfüllt sind. Nach der Aushärtung ergibt sich ein fester Plattenverbund in fugenloser Zuordnung der Platten. Die vermeintliche Schwachstelle des Plattenbodens, die Füllmasse, hat keinen oder kaum Kontakt zur Oberseite des Plattenbelags, sie liegt vielmehr geschützt unterhalb der mehr oder weniger geschlossenen (quasi fugenfreien) Oberfläche. Selbst wenn die erhärtete Füllmasse lokal reißen sollte bleibt der Plattenverbund unverändert erhalten.
4. d) Eine bodenseitige Befestigung der Platten kann in konventioneller Weise verfolgen, zum Beispiel durch Verlegung in einem Mörtelbett.

To solve this problem, the invention proceeds from the following findings:

1. a) Each plate lies with its edge zone on an adjacent plate. In order to achieve a more or less closed surface in a finished plate covering the portions of the edge zone adjacent to the plate surface must be formed corresponding to each other in the sense of a joint-free system. In the simplest case, these are vertical planar surface sections. Other examples are described below.
2. b) The edge zone of each plate must also have a section which serves to secure connection to an adjacent plate. This connection must be under consideration of a) below the edge zone, which is the jointless connection a neighboring plate is used. The connection is achieved through the formation of a substantially parallel to the plate top channel portion which is provided in the surface of this Randzonenabschnitts and is filled at the laying with a curable filling material. The connection to and with an adjacent plate results from the fact that it has analog channel sections in the edge zone area. After installation of a plate to a second plate, the two, each open channel sections form a common circumferentially closed channel section, which is later filled.
3. c) According to b) when laying several plates to a plate covering a continuous channel network is created, which is composed of individual channel sections between adjacent plates. The advantage of this appropriately branched channel network is that the filling of all channel sections with a mortar, adhesive, resin or the like can be done together via a single or a few feed / injection point (s). The filler material flows from channel section to channel section until all areas are filled in the desired manner and in the desired degree of filling. After curing, a solid plate composite results in jointless allocation of the plates. The supposed weak point of the plate floor, the filling compound, has little or no contact with the top of the plate covering, it is rather protected below the more or less closed (virtually joint-free) surface. Even if the hardened filling material should tear locally, the composite plate remains unchanged.
4. d) Bottom mounting of the panels can be done conventionally, for example by laying in a mortar bed.

1. a) einen ersten, der Oberseite benachbarten Flächenabschnitt mit einer Oberfläche, die zur fugenlosen Anlage an eine korrespondierende weitere Bodenbelagsplatte ausgebildet ist,
2. b) mindestens einen Abschnitt, von dessen Oberfläche sich eine nutartige Vertiefung erstreckt, die einen im Wesentlichen parallel zur Oberseite verlaufenden Kanalabschnitt bildet.

In its most general embodiment, the invention then relates to a covering plate having a substantially planar upper side, an underside extending at a distance from the upper side and at least one surrounding peripheral zone, which connects the upper and lower sides and has the following sections:

1. a) a first, the upper side adjacent surface portion having a surface which is formed for seamless contact with a corresponding further floor covering plate,
2. b) at least one portion, from the surface of which extends a groove-like depression, which forms a substantially parallel to the top channel portion.

• c) mehrere Platten werden so zueinander verlegt, dass benachbarte Platten zumindest im Bereich der Flächenabschnitte ihrer jeweils korrespondierenden Randzonen, die der Oberseite benachbart sind, fugenlos aneinander anschließen, wobei
• d) die zum Plattenbelag verlegten Platten zusammen eine fugenlose Oberfläche ausbilden und die Kanalabschnitte in den Randzonen benachbarter Platten einen gemeinsamen Kanal bilden,
• e) anschließend wird an mindestens einer Stelle des Plattenbelags eine aushärtbare Füllmasse in den Kanal injiziert, bis der Kanal und gegebenenfalls an den Kanal anschließende weitere Kanäle mit der Füllmasse gefüllt ist, so dass
• f) die Füllmasse nach Aushärtung einen Formschluss zwischen benachbarten Platten schafft.

The method for laying a jointless plate covering with the aforementioned covering plates comprises the following basic steps:

• c) a plurality of plates are routed to each other so that adjacent plates connect at least in the region of the surface portions of their respective corresponding edge zones which are adjacent to the top, seamlessly together, wherein
• d) the plates laid to the plate covering together form a seamless surface and the channel sections in the edge zones of adjacent plates form a common channel,
• e) Subsequently, a hardenable filling compound is injected into the channel at least at one point of the plate covering, until the channel and optionally further channels adjacent to the channel are filled with the filling compound, so that
• f) the filling material after curing creates a positive connection between adjacent plates.

Both for the covering plate and the associated laying method, the formation of the edge zone of the plates plays an essential role. This edge zone, viewed from top to bottom, must have at least two sections:

The first (upper) portion, adjacent the top of the plate, is for flush, jointless abutment with an adjacent plate. This section can not only run vertically (or perpendicular to the top of the plate), but also at an angle ≠ 90 °. In the case of a slab of uniform square plates this means:

The plate has four edge zone sections (corresponding to the four sides of the plate). If these edge zone sections run exactly vertically in the laying position of the plate, the plates can be placed directly next to one another. It then depends only on the formation of the other (lower) edge zone section, which will be explained below.

Run one or two edge zone sections so that they form an angle <90 ° to the (fictitious exactly horizontal) plate top, so must be formed according to one or two more edge zone portions of the plate with inclined surfaces, which with the top of the plate a

Angle> 90 ° form, in such a way that both angles complement each other to 180 °. Then it is ensured that when joining adjacent plates, the corresponding edge zone sections are aligned and without joints. This section can also have profiles that then correspond to profiles of other sections so that adjacent plates can be laid without joints.

This upper edge zone section should extend at least a few millimeters (calculated from the upper side of the plate) downwards, but it may also be a few centimeters wide.

Along the remaining (lower) edge zone section, according to the invention, at least one section is provided which has the described channel section. In the first case, this lower edge zone section also extends vertically and the channel section extends perpendicular thereto.

The edge zone section can however also run obliquely and form an angle of <90 ° with the upper side of the plate. Again, starting from square identical plates this means that after laying the plates in cross-section "inverted V-shaped" open zones are formed between adjacent plates, which are then filled with filler at least partially (preferably completely), as well as along these surfaces running channel sections.

This applies analogously to other geometric plate shapes. The following description of the figures gives some examples.

The groove-like depression (the channel portion) can be formed according to an embodiment with an undercut. This has the advantage that the cured filling material located in the channel can no longer be released from the undercut region. Since a channel section between adjacent plates is in each case composed of 2 partial channel sections, this also means that adjacent plates are positively and securely connected to one another.

It is within the scope of the invention to form individual edge zone sections corresponding to the channel sections described with web-like tongues / springs, so that when laying a Plattenbelages a spring member of a plate in a channel section (a groove) of an adjacent plate is introduced. This also serves the mutual stabilization of the plates in the plate covering. In this case, the spring is to be formed narrower in cross-section than the channel section, so that a cavity remains between them, which is filled with the filling compound.

An essential aspect of the invention is that after laying a plate covering the individual channel sections together and with each other form a channel network. This makes it possible to supply the filling material in one or a few places and to inject, for example, under pressure, wherein the filling material gradually fills the interconnected channel sections.

After curing of the filling material, a plate covering formed from individual plates is available, which is in fact free of joints, but in which plates are securely and stationarily positioned with one another.

The invention extends to all types of materials. The plates may for example consist of granite, marble, cement, concrete, but also of metal, composites or the like.

With regard to the injection mass, the invention is likewise subject to no restrictions. The mass must have a certain viscosity / flowability (with a consistency in the area of paste-pulpy liquid) in order to be able to inject it also over a larger (longer) sewer network. It also has to harden in a technically meaningful time. Such compositions are available, for example, based on curable polyester resins, cement mortars, furan resins, water glass or the like.

As far as the sewer system is not accessible from the side, it requires at least one hole from the top through the plate material to the channel, to then inject the filling material can.

The invention is particularly suitable for the production of plate linings with high requirements. These include tile coverings, such as those required in the food industry, in cleanrooms, swimming pools, in laboratories, in computer manufacturing, in the chemical industry or in hospitals. The joint-free design means that the properties of the plate covering is equal to the properties of the plates and weak points such as joints are avoided.

• Verbesserung der physikalischen und chemischen Resistenz
• Herstellung planer Oberflächen, unabhängig von der Größe,mit geringen Toleranzen
• dichte Oberfläche
• schnelle maschinelle Verlegung
• Begehbarkeit kurz nach Verlegung

Important features of the inventive concept are:

• Improvement of physical and chemical resistance
• Production of flat surfaces, regardless of size, with low tolerances
• dense surface
• fast machine installation
• Accessibility shortly after installation

Other features of the invention will become apparent from the features of the claims and the other application documents.

• Figur 1: Verschiedene Ausführungsformen von Randzonen einer Platte
• Figur 2: In der Aufsicht verschiedene geometrische Plattenformen
• Figur 3: Einen Ausschnitt eines Plattenbelages in der Aufsicht
• Figur 4: Eine Aufsicht auf ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiels eines Plattenbelags.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to various embodiments. The drawings are purely schematic and in no way to scale. The figures show:

• Figure 1: Various embodiments of edge zones of a plate
• Figure 2: In the plan view different geometric plate shapes
• Figure 3: A section of a plate covering in the supervision
• Figure 4: A plan view of another embodiment of a plate covering.

In the figures, the same or equivalent components are shown with the same reference numerals.

Figure 1 shows a side view of the edge zone of differently shaped plates 10 with a top 10o and a bottom 10u. The edge zone sections shown in the figure are designated by 10r.

These are plates 10, which have a rectangular shape in the plan. As far as edge zones 10r of a plate 10 are formed differently in Figure 1, this serves only to illustrate the technical possibilities.

In variant a), an upper edge zone section 10ro is formed perpendicular to the upper side 10o, specifically as a flat planar surface. The corresponding section 10ro of an adjacent plate comes correspondingly flat (joint-free) with this edge zone section 10ro to the system (in a) shown schematically with two parallel lines).

A lower edge zone section 10ru extends at an angle α to the upper side 10o of approximately 80 °. Together with the correspondingly formed edge zone section 10ru of the adjacent plate 10, this results in an inverted V-shaped spacing (space) 12 between adjacent plates 10.

In b), the edge zone portion 10r of a plate 10 is continuous perpendicular to the upper side 10o, with a depression (a channel portion 14) extending approximately centrally from this edge zone section, which is trapezoidal in cross-section and correspondingly has an undercut.

In this channel portion 14 engages a spring (tongue) 16 which protrudes from the edge zone portion of the adjacent plate. While the upper edge zone sections 10ro of both plates lie flat against each other (ie in turn seamless) remains between spring 16 and channel section 14th a space 18. If the spring 16 - in the vertical direction - wider than the opening of the channel portion 14 adjacent plates are laterally displaced into each other.

In c), the channel section 14 with a trapezoidal cross section from variant b) is replaced by a channel section which describes a pitch circle surface. This also applies to the edge zone section 10r of the opposite plate. At 10ro, the neighboring plates are in turn flat against each other. The two channel sections 16 together form a channel section of double size.

The variant d) differs from the variant c) only in that the cross-sectional shape of the channel sections 16 has been changed. It now resembles the shape according to variant b), with the proviso that a corresponding channel section 16 is also formed in the edge zone region 10r of the corresponding plate 10, so that, in turn, a channel section results in double volume and double cross-sectional area.

Variant e) is modified in comparison with d) insofar as the channel sections 16 each have a rectangular cross-section. It is crucial that even with d) and e) the upper edge zone sections 10ro adjacent plates are flush (without joints) against each other and in the lower edge zone sections 10ru the described channel sections are formed.

The edge designs according to the figures la) -e) can also be arbitrarily combined with each other or supplemented in the sense of the general invention doctrine.

This results in a hexagonal plate in the plan, as shown in Figure 2a), a plate covering according to Figure 3, wherein the individual channel sections 16 are indicated by dashed lines. FIG. 3 shows that the channel sections 16 adjoin one another and form a channel network. For example, during or after installation of the panels, a cement grout may be injected into the adjacent channel section 16 at I, which cement grout is forced into and fills the various channel sections as indicated by the arrows. After filling the channel sections 16 and hardening of the mortar results in a solid plate structure and a floor covering with quasi-closed, joint-free top (surface).

An analogous arrangement would result if plates of other formats, for example triangular plates with corresponding channel sections according to FIG. 2c) were laid.

FIG. 4 shows the laying of large-format, trapezoidal and triangular plate elements to a total square bottom surface. Here, too, adjacent plates 10 have corresponding channel sections 16, which result in a continuous channel network with each other, which - as described above - is filled after laying the plates with a filling compound.

In this case, the four partial surfaces 10a-d are inclined to the common center M.

FIG. 2b shows a plate 10 with a substantially square base area, wherein two edge zone sections with channels 16 and two adjoining edge zone sections with corresponding ones Springs 18 are formed. When these panels are laid, a plate is correspondingly inserted with its spring sections 18 into corresponding channel sections 16 of adjacent plates, as shown schematically in FIG. 1b. Also in this case, cavities (such as 12, 18) between adjacent plates 10 are then filled with a filling compound to achieve a solid plate composite.

Claims (12)

Covering plate having a substantially planar upper side (10o), an underside (10u) extending at a distance from the upper side (10o) and at least one peripheral edge zone (10r) connecting upper (10o) and lower side (10u), which has the following sections : a) a first, the upper side (10o) adjacent surface portion (10ro) having a surface which is formed for seamless contact with a corresponding further covering plate, b) at least one portion (10ru), from the surface of which extends a groove-like depression, which forms a substantially parallel to the top (10o) extending channel portion (16). Covering plate according to claim 1, whose first surface portion (10ro) of the edge zone (10r) has a planar surface. Covering plate according to claim 1, whose first surface portion (10ro) of the edge zone (10r) extends perpendicular to the upper side. Covering plate according to claim 1, whose groove-like depression has a zone formed with an undercut. Covering plate according to Claim 1, whose edge zone (10r) has at least one section (10ru) whose surface has a protruding web-like tongue which extends substantially parallel to the upper (10o) and lower side (10u) and corresponds to the channel (16). formed spring (18) forms. Covering plate according to claim 1, whose sections (10ru) with groove-like recess and, if present, their sections (10ru) with spring (18), run perpendicular to the upper side (10o). Covering plate according to claim 1, whose edge zone (10r) consists of at least three sub-zones adjoining one another in the circumferential direction of the plate. Covering plate according to claim 1, whose edge zone (10r) is formed with a continuous, endless channel. Covering plate according to claim 1, wherein the underside adjacent portion of the edge zone (10r) is chamfered so that this portion (10ru), in the laying state of the plate, with the top (10o) forms an angle α <90 °. Method for laying a jointless plate covering with covering plates according to one of Claims 1 to 9, with the following steps: a) several plates are laid to each other so that adjacent plates join each other, at least in the region of the surface portions of their respective corresponding edge zones which are adjacent to the top, seamlessly together, wherein b) the plates laid to the plate covering together form a jointless surface and the channel sections in the edge zones of adjacent plates form a common channel, c) then a curable filling material is injected into the channel at least at one point of the Plattenbelages until the channel and optionally adjacent to the channel further channels is filled with the filling compound, so that d) the filling material after curing creates a positive connection between adjacent plates. The method of claim 10, wherein the filling material is injected under pressure. The method of claim 11, wherein the plates are laid so that they are fixedly connected to the ground.

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