EP1888803A1 - Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings an method of coating - Google Patents
Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings an method of coatingInfo
- Publication number
- EP1888803A1 EP1888803A1 EP06733241A EP06733241A EP1888803A1 EP 1888803 A1 EP1888803 A1 EP 1888803A1 EP 06733241 A EP06733241 A EP 06733241A EP 06733241 A EP06733241 A EP 06733241A EP 1888803 A1 EP1888803 A1 EP 1888803A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- powder
- powders
- gas flow
- throat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
- B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
- B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
Definitions
- This invention relates to the technology of applying coatings to the surfaces, and in particular, to gas-dynamic methods of applying coatings with the use of an inorganic powder. It can be used in different branches of mechanical engineering, particularly for the restoration of the shape and dimension of metal parts, for the manufacturing and repair of metal parts to improve their impermeability or corrosion resistance or heat resistance or other property.
- Gas-dynamic spray methods are the effective techniques for producing metal and mixed metal — ceramic coatings by the treating the substrate by a high - velocity jet of fine solid particles. In these methods the particles are accelerated in the high velocity gas stream by the drag effect. Only compressed gases, predominantly air, are used for particle acceleration without using any combustible.
- a coating is applied by introducing metal powders into a compressed gas flow, accelerating the gas- powder mixture in a supersonic nozzle (a de Laval type nozzle) and directing the accelerated powder particles to the substrate.
- the accelerated particles impinge on the substrate while having kinetic energy sufficient for adhering to the substrate surface.
- the coatings are produced with powder particles having a particle size of from 1 to 50 microns. The powder particles neither melt nor begin to soften prior to impingement on the substrate and adhere to the substrate when their kinetic energy is transformed to a sufficient mechanical deformation.
- the main disadvantages of these methods are due to a powder is injected into the heated compressed gas flow prior to passage through the de Laval nozzle throat. Because the heated main gas flow (gas stream) is under high pressure, an injection of the powder requires expensive and complicated high pressure powder delivery (powder supply) systems. The powder particles and heated main gas both must pass through the throat of the nozzle, and the particles often stick to the walls of a diverging portion and a throat of the nozzle and clog the nozzle. This requires a complete shutdown of the system and cleaning of the nozzle. As a result, the gas temperature must be sufficiently low - such that no softening and sticking of the particles to the nozzle walls take place. That temperature often turns out to be insufficient for effective coating. Besides, when using the powders with hard particles, a considerable wear of the nozzle throat occurs, causing the early destroying of the nozzle.
- the apparatus comprises a compressed gas heater; a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle) directly connected to the compressed gas heater and comprising a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion of the nozzle; a unit for supplying powders into the nozzle, the powder being introduced (injected) into the nozzle downstream of the nozzle throat.
- a supersonic nozzle the de Laval nozzle
- the powder particles do not pass through the nozzle throat, and hence, they do not wear its walls. This allows the use of the powders with hard ceramic particles. Moreover, since in the supersonic portion (positioned downstream of the throat), the gas temperature is 85 significantly lower than in the subsonic portion (positioned in front of the throat) and in the nozzle throat, the apparatus allows to increase the compressed gas temperature without nozzle clogging by the particle sticking to the nozzle walls.
- the length of the nozzle portion available for particle acceleration is reduced.
- the final powder particle velocity reduces followed by the decrease of sprayed powder deposition efficiency.
- the object of present invention is an increase of sprayed powder deposition efficiency with the retention of the possibility to increase the compressed gas temperature and to use powders with hard particles.
- the given object is accomplished by the fact that in the prior art apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings, comprising a compressed gas heater, a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle), directly connected to the gas heater and having a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion, a unit for supplying powders into the nozzle, wherein the
- the unit for supplying powders into the nozzle has one or more powder feeders connected through conduits to the components for injection of one or more powders into the nozzle, and a nozzle portion positioned downstream of the powder injection components and intended for acceleration of the powders is
- the nozzle can have a round or rectangular cross-section.
- the nozzle portion intended for powder acceleration (acceleration portion) can be
- the components for injection powders into ⁇ e nozzle can be made as an orifice (orifices) in the nozzle wall or in the form of the tubes passing through the nozzle throat with the outlets being positioned downstream of (behind) the throat; with this, two or more
- each feeder can be connected to its component for injection the powder into the nozzle.
- two or more feeders can 135 be connected to the same component for injection the powder into the nozzle.
- the compressed gas heating can be provide ⁇ by electric heater.
- the given object can also be accomplished if in the prior art method of gas-dynamic applying coatings, comprising heating a compressed gas;
- a supersonic nozzle (the de Laval nozzle) having a throat positioned between a converging portion and a diverging portion; forming a supersonic gas flow in the nozzle; injection a powder into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the nozzle throat (behind the throat); accelerating the powder by the gas flow in the nozzle; directing said accelerated powder to the
- the powder is injected into the supersonic gas flow downstream of the throat, said powder comprising the particles of one or more substances, one of which being a metal and/or an alloy, the gas flow downstream of the nozzle throat being formed to suit the following relation:
- a metal powder and/or a
- 175 mechanical mixture of ceramic and metal powders is employed as a powder for forming the coating, or several powders of different hardness are injected into the supersonic flow at the same time, a ceramic powder being employed as one of the powders.
- the particle size of the powders used, both metal and ceramic ones, ranges from 1 to 100 micrometers.
- the gist of the present invention resides in the following.
- a coating is formed by the separate particles, which upon impingement on the base are adhered to its surface basically due to the transformation of their kinetic energy to bonding energy.
- the possibility of the particle adherence to the surface depends mainly on their velocity.
- 210 is dozens of times greater than the nozzle cross-sectional dimensions. In this case, retardation of gas in the nozzle can be sufficient, and under gas deceleration below the particle velocity, the particles start to be retarded instead of being accelerated.
- the decrease of the deposition efficiency begins well before sufficient deceleration of gas in the nozzle. That is, with some extension of the nozzle acceleration portion, the velocity of gas in the nozzle remains much above that of the particles. So with such extension of the nozzle acceleration portion the powder particles in the nozzle must be
- the powder particles injected into a gas flow necessarily have a velocity component directed across the flow. This velocity component arises
- Fig.l is a structural arrangement of the claimed apparatus and Fig.2 is a
- the apparatus comprises a compressed gas heater 1, a nozzle 2 with a nozzle throat 3, a powder supply unit comprising powder feeders 4 and powder injection components 5 connected to the feeders by means of pipes 6, a nozzle acceleration portion 7 positioned downstream of the powder injection components up to the nozzle
- a compressed gas is delivered to the heater 1 to be heated to the required temperature.
- the heated gas enters the supersonic nozzle 2, wherein it sequentially passes through a converging portion, the throat 3 and a 305 diverging portion of the nozzle, and accelerates up to a supersonic velocity.
- the powders to be sprayed are introduced into this supersonic gas flow through the powder injection components 5.
- the powder particles are accelerated by a high-velocity gas flow at the nozzle acceleration portion 7 and then they are directed to the substrate surface.
- the nozzle can have a round or rectangular cross-section.
- the nozzle acceleration portion can be made, in full or in part, as a 315 replaceable element 8 (Fig.2). In this case, the nozzle portion worn by the hard particles can be easily replaced.
- the nozzle acceleration portion can be made, in full or in part, divergent.
- its acceleration portion 320 can have one or more cylindrical sections 9 (Fig.2).
- one or more components for powder injection can be made as orifices (Fig.l) in the nozzle wall or as the tubes passing through the nozzle throat (Fig.2).
- Two or more powder injection components can be made so as to ensure the powder supply 325 equidistant from the nozzle throat (Fig.1 ).
- each feeder can be connected to separate powder injection component.
- Two or more powder feeders can be connected to the same powder injection component to simplify the apparatus structure (Fig.l).
- the compressed gas heater can be electrical.
- Table 1 presents the results of coating weights measurements.
- the temperature of 340 compressed air was 370 0 C.
- the same quantity of the powder was used, comprising: a) aluminum (60%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (40%, wt.) particles, b) copper (70%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (30%, wt.) 345 particles, c) zinc (60%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (40%, wt.) particles.
- Table 2 presents other results of coating weights measurements.
- the same quantity of the powder was used, comprising the particles of aluminum (60%, wt.) and aluminum oxide (40%, wt).
- the temperature of compressed gas was as follows: a) 37O 0 C, b) 450 0 C, and c) 520 0 C.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2005115327/02A RU2288970C1 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2005-05-20 | Device for the gas-dynamic deposition of the coatings and the method for the gas-dynamic deposition of the coatings |
PCT/RU2006/000116 WO2006123965A1 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2006-03-15 | Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings an method of coating |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1888803A1 true EP1888803A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
EP1888803A4 EP1888803A4 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
EP1888803B1 EP1888803B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
Family
ID=37431485
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06733241.1A Not-in-force EP1888803B1 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2006-03-15 | Apparatus for gas-dynamic applying coatings and method of coating |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1888803B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5184347B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100572584C (en) |
EA (1) | EA011084B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2288970C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006123965A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060275554A1 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-12-07 | Zhibo Zhao | High performance kinetic spray nozzle |
RU2353705C2 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2009-04-27 | Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича СО РАН (ИТПМ СО РАН) | Method ofgas-dynamic sputtering of powder materials and facility for its realisation |
BE1017673A3 (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2009-03-03 | Fib Services Internat | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROJECTING PULVERULENT MATERIAL INTO A CARRIER GAS. |
US9168546B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2015-10-27 | National Research Council Of Canada | Cold gas dynamic spray apparatus, system and method |
RU2399694C1 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2010-09-20 | Учреждение Российской академии наук Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича Сибирского отделения РАН (ИТПМ СО РАН) | Procedure for surface gas-dynamic processing with powder material and facility for its implementation |
EP2506981B1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2018-02-14 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Coaxial laser assisted cold spray nozzle |
US10119195B2 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2018-11-06 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Multichannel cold spray apparatus |
JP2011240314A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-12-01 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Cold spray apparatus |
MD522Z (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-01-31 | Институт Прикладной Физики Академии Наук Молдовы | Method for application of identification tag on solid material objects |
CN102748332B (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2015-05-06 | 北京工业大学 | Pressure reducing device with temperature recovery function |
CN102744173B (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2015-05-27 | 西安交通大学 | Solid particle pre-whirl mixing pneumatic acceleration device and method |
KR101346238B1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-01-03 | 국방과학연구소 | Method for manufacturing graded porous multiple layered reactive shaped charge liner by using kinetic spray coating, and graded porous multiple layered reactive shaped charge liner manufactured by the same |
RU2532653C2 (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2014-11-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "558 Авиационный ремонтный завод" (ОАО "558 АРЗ") | Method for manufacturing of antifriction recovery coating at steel product (versions) |
SK500432013A3 (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-04-01 | Ga Drilling, A. S. | Lining of borehole by depositing layers of material with help of kinetic sputtering and a device for carrying out thereof |
RU2572953C1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-20 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Aluminium element of current distributor and method for its production |
CN106525627B (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2020-04-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Supersonic sand-blasting gun |
EP3578688A4 (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2020-03-11 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Sliding member, and sliding member of internal combustion engine |
WO2018157155A1 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-08-30 | Arconic Inc. | Multi-component alloy products and the methods of making thereof |
US20230099818A1 (en) | 2020-03-05 | 2023-03-30 | Tatsuta Electric Wire & Cable Co., Ltd. | Spray nozzle, nozzle tip part, and thermal spraying device |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6139913A (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2000-10-31 | National Center For Manufacturing Sciences | Kinetic spray coating method and apparatus |
US6402050B1 (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 2002-06-11 | Alexandr Ivanovich Kashirin | Apparatus for gas-dynamic coating |
DE10126100A1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-05 | Linde Ag | Production of a coating or a molded part comprises injecting powdered particles in a gas stream only in the divergent section of a Laval nozzle, and applying the particles at a specified speed |
EP1369498A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-10 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for high-speed flame spraying |
EP1445033A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-11 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Kinetic spray tin coating method |
DE10319481A1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-18 | Linde Ag | Laval nozzle use for cold gas spraying, includes convergent section and divergent section such that portion of divergent section of nozzle has bell-shaped contour |
Family Cites Families (8)
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FR2575678B1 (en) * | 1985-01-04 | 1988-06-03 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | PNEUMATIC POWDER EJECTOR |
JPH074523B2 (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1995-01-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | Reactor |
RU4700U1 (en) * | 1995-11-29 | 1997-08-16 | Войсковая часть 34416 | DEVICE FOR GAS-DYNAMIC COATING SPRAY |
RU2181788C1 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2002-04-27 | Дикун Юрий Вениаминович | Method of producing composite materials and coats made from powders and device for realization of this method |
JP4628578B2 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2011-02-09 | トーカロ株式会社 | Low temperature sprayed coating coated member and method for producing the same |
CN1161188C (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2004-08-11 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Cold air driven spray painter |
JP3612568B2 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2005-01-19 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | Metal film forming method and spraying apparatus by HVOF spray gun |
RU2247174C2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2005-02-27 | Институт теоретической и прикладной механики СО РАН | Apparatus for gasodynamic deposition of powder materials |
-
2005
- 2005-05-20 RU RU2005115327/02A patent/RU2288970C1/en active IP Right Revival
-
2006
- 2006-03-15 EA EA200702536A patent/EA011084B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-15 WO PCT/RU2006/000116 patent/WO2006123965A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-15 EP EP06733241.1A patent/EP1888803B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-15 CN CNB2006800231137A patent/CN100572584C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-15 JP JP2008512240A patent/JP5184347B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6402050B1 (en) * | 1996-11-13 | 2002-06-11 | Alexandr Ivanovich Kashirin | Apparatus for gas-dynamic coating |
US6139913A (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2000-10-31 | National Center For Manufacturing Sciences | Kinetic spray coating method and apparatus |
DE10126100A1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-05 | Linde Ag | Production of a coating or a molded part comprises injecting powdered particles in a gas stream only in the divergent section of a Laval nozzle, and applying the particles at a specified speed |
EP1369498A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-10 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for high-speed flame spraying |
EP1445033A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-11 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Kinetic spray tin coating method |
DE10319481A1 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-18 | Linde Ag | Laval nozzle use for cold gas spraying, includes convergent section and divergent section such that portion of divergent section of nozzle has bell-shaped contour |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2006123965A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1888803B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
EA200702536A1 (en) | 2008-04-28 |
JP2008540115A (en) | 2008-11-20 |
EA011084B1 (en) | 2008-12-30 |
EP1888803A4 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
CN101208447A (en) | 2008-06-25 |
WO2006123965A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
JP5184347B2 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
CN100572584C (en) | 2009-12-23 |
RU2288970C1 (en) | 2006-12-10 |
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