EP2156767A1 - Spring - Google Patents

Spring Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2156767A1
EP2156767A1 EP09010232A EP09010232A EP2156767A1 EP 2156767 A1 EP2156767 A1 EP 2156767A1 EP 09010232 A EP09010232 A EP 09010232A EP 09010232 A EP09010232 A EP 09010232A EP 2156767 A1 EP2156767 A1 EP 2156767A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bending
torsion spring
pet
semi
polyester
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EP09010232A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2156767B1 (en
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diemer and Dr Jaspert GbR
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MELONI GmbH
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Priority to PL09010232T priority Critical patent/PL2156767T3/en
Publication of EP2156767A1 publication Critical patent/EP2156767A1/en
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C23/00—Spring mattresses with rigid frame or forming part of the bedstead, e.g. box springs; Divan bases; Slatted bed bases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bending or torsion spring, in particular a screw, leaf, spiral, plate, torsion bar or diaphragm spring, made of plastic.
  • Spring mattresses are usually equipped with metal springs.
  • these have several disadvantages. For example, if the mattress is destroyed, there is a considerable risk of injury from the metal springs. It has therefore already been proposed to use plastic springs in Federkemmatratzen. However, these are unsatisfactory in terms of their material properties. In particular, these have a higher setting amount or height loss than metal springs. In addition, decreases in the known plastic springs over time, the spring rate.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide such a spring with particularly good properties.
  • the spring should have an excellent settling behavior, ie a small amount of settling over time.
  • the spring should be permanently elastic and have a high endurance.
  • this object is achieved by the provision of a bending or torsion spring, in particular a screw, sheet, spiral, plate, rod or diaphragm spring, which contains at least one semi-crystalline polyester.
  • a polyester is understood to mean all types of polyester, ie in particular homopolyesters, copolyesters, terpolyesters and the like.
  • the degree of crystallinity of the partially crystalline polyester is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 40%, very particularly preferably at least 50% and most preferably at least 60%.
  • the degree of crystallinity is understood here as a mass fraction, i. this refers to the mass of the polyester.
  • various measuring methods are available, such as, for example, density measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, infrared (IR) spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • IR infrared
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • any polyester may be used as the partially crystalline polyester. Only, for example, polyalkylene terephthalates, polyarylene terephthalates, polyalkylene isophthalates, polyarylene isophthalates, polyalkylene naphthalates and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds may be mentioned in this context.
  • the semi-crystalline polyester is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene terephthalate (PPT), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyethylene terephthalate isophthalate copolyester ( PETIP) and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PPT polypropylene terephthalate
  • PEI polyethylene isophthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PBN polybutylene naphthalate
  • PETIP polyethylene terephthalate isophthalate copolyester
  • the spring contains semicrystalline PET.
  • PET can be adjusted comparatively easily to a desired and in particular to a high degree of crystallinity.
  • waste PET can be used as a raw material, which is relatively inexpensive.
  • PET is commercially available in large quantities and toxicologically harmless.
  • PET even at higher temperatures of for example 80 ° C, a high breaking strength, high dimensional stability, high hardness, high rigidity and high toughness.
  • the semi-crystalline PET has a degree of crystallinity of from 20 to 90%, more preferably from 40 to 80%, completely more preferably from 50 to 80% and most preferably from 50 to 75%.
  • semicrystalline PET having an arbitrary degree of polymerization or molecular weight
  • the degree of polymerization of the semi-crystalline PET may be 80 to 250, preferably 120 to 200, and more preferably 140 to 170
  • the weight average molecular weight of the semi-crystalline PET may be 16,000 to 50,000 g / mol, preferably 24,000 to 40,000 g / mol, and more preferably 28,000 to 34,000 g / mol.
  • the melting point of the semi-crystalline PET which depends on both the degree of crystallinity of the PET and the degree of polymerization of the PET, 235 to 280 ° C, more preferably 245 to 265 ° C and most preferably 250 to 260 ° C. is.
  • a preferred example of commercially available semicrystalline PET which can be used in the spring according to the invention is Amite® A04 900 from DSM.
  • the bending or torsion spring according to the invention consists of at least 50% by weight of partially crystalline polyester. Particularly good results are obtained, in particular, if the bending or torsion spring according to the invention consists of at least 80% by weight and particularly preferably at least 90% by weight of partially crystalline polyester. If no additives are added to the polyester, it is very particularly preferred that the bending or torsion spring according to the invention consists entirely of semicrystalline polyester, that is to say contains 100% by weight of semicrystalline polyester.
  • the bending or torsion spring according to the invention 50 to 100 wt .-%, particularly preferably 80 to 100 wt .-%, most preferably 90 to 100 wt .-% and most preferably 100 wt .-% semicrystalline PET contains.
  • the semicrystalline PET can also be used in admixture with one or more other polyesters, preferably partially crystalline polyesters.
  • a mixture of semicrystalline PET and partially crystalline PBT wherein this mixture can consist, for example, of at least 80% by weight of semicrystalline PET and at most 20% by weight of partially crystalline PBT.
  • Further examples of such a mixture are mixtures of at least 90% by weight of semicrystalline PET and at most 10% by weight of partially crystalline PBT, of at least 95% by weight of partially crystalline PET and at most 5% by weight of partially crystalline PBT or of at least 98% by weight % semicrystalline PET and at most 2% by weight semicrystalline PBT.
  • most preferred is pure semi-crystalline PET.
  • the spring consists of a semi-crystalline polyester, to which one or more additives are added.
  • additives are nucleating agents for increasing the crystallinity, pigments for adjusting a desired color of the spring and fillers for adjusting the mechanical properties.
  • suitable fillers are glass fibers, glass beads, talc and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds.
  • the bending or torsion spring is made of 80 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 90 to 99.5% by weight, and more preferably 95 to 99% by weight of partially crystalline Polyester, preferably partially crystalline PET, and from 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably from 0.5 to 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 1 to 5 wt .-% of at least one additive or more additives.
  • the bending or torsion spring according to the invention very particularly preferably consists of semicrystalline PET, to which one or more additives have optionally been added.
  • the bending or torsion spring also from a possibly additive (s) containing mixture of semi-crystalline polyester and amorphous polyester, preferably from a mixture of semi-crystalline PET and amorphous PET exist.
  • the core of the spring made of semicrystalline PET and the edge region of the spring may be made of amorphous PET.
  • the core of the spring consists of amorphous PET and the edge region of the spring consists of semicrystalline PET.
  • the bending or torsion spring has a set amount of less than 10%, preferably less than 4%, and more preferably less than 1%.
  • the setting amount is determined on the basis of EN ISO 3385 in the version of May 1995, in contrast to the test method described in EN ISO 3385, which standardizes the determination of the reduction in thickness and hardness of flexible foams, which are to serve as padding material instead of a load of 750 N, a surface load of 0.5 N / cm 2 is used and a stamp with a flat geometry is used. Consequently, the spring is placed as a test specimen in the test device described in EN ISO 3385 centered under a cylindrical punch which has a diameter of 250 mm ⁇ 1 mm and whose lower edge is flat. The punch is then pressed onto the spring over 80,000 load cycles with a surface load of 0.5 N / cm 2 . From the Heights of the spring before and after the 80,000 load cycles are then calculated the set amount.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a previously described bending or torsion spring, in which from a composition containing at least one polyester, preferably by injection molding, a bending or torsion spring is formed and at least a portion of the polyester before or after Forms is converted into semi-crystalline polyester.
  • the composition to be molded consists of at least 90% by weight of PET and up to 10% by weight of additive (s).
  • semicrystalline polyester preferably semicrystalline PET
  • injection-molded into a bending or torsion spring is injection-molded into a bending or torsion spring.
  • amorphous polyester preferably amorphous PET
  • a bending or torsion spring for example, before being subsequently heat treated at a sufficiently high temperature for a sufficiently long time to at least partially make the amorphous polyester semi-crystalline To convert polyester.
  • waste polyester and preferably waste PET
  • bending or torsion spring can be produced particularly cost-effectively.
  • amorphous polyester preferably amorphous PET
  • the spring after injection molding is preferred for 5 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 120 to 140 ° C to convert the amorphous polyester to semi-crystalline polyester.
  • the polyester, or preferably the PET into semicrystalline polyester or partially crystalline PET only in individual regions of the spring in the final heat treatment step.
  • the heat treatment can be carried out so that a sufficiently high temperature is achieved only in the edge region of the spring for the conversion of amorphous to semi-crystalline PET, so that the heat treatment results in a spring whose core consists of amorphous and therefore non-brittle PET and whose edge region consists of semicrystalline PET.
  • the heat treatment may be performed so that the core of the spring is made of semi-crystalline PET and the edge portion of the spring is made of amorphous PET.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a previously described bending or torsion spring as a spring core in a spring mattress, as a support element for a mattress or as a support element for a slatted frame.

Abstract

Flexion- or torsion-spring, preferably screw-, sheet-, coil-, plate-, rod- or membrane spring, comprises at least one semicrystalline polyester. An independent claim is included for a process for manufacturing the flexion- or torsion-spring, comprising forming the flexion- or torsion-spring from at least one polyester-containing composition, and transforming at least a portion of the polyester before or after forming to semicrystalline polyester.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Biege- oder Torsionsfeder, und zwar insbesondere eine Schrauben-, Blatt-, Spiral-, Teller-, Drehstab- oder Membranfeder, aus Kunststoff.The present invention relates to a bending or torsion spring, in particular a screw, leaf, spiral, plate, torsion bar or diaphragm spring, made of plastic.

Federkernmatratzen werden üblicherweise mit Metallfedern ausgerüstet. Diese weisen jedoch mehrere Nachteile auf. Beispielsweise besteht bei einer Zerstörung der Matratze eine erhebliche Verletzungsgefahr durch die Metallfedern. Es ist daher bereits vorgeschlagen worden, in Federkemmatratzen Kunststofffedern einzusetzen. Diese sind jedoch hinsichtlich ihrer Materialeigenschaften unbefriedigend. Insbesondere weisen diese einen höheren Setzbetrag bzw. Höhenverlust als Metallfedern auf. Zudem nimmt bei den bekannten Kunststofffedern im Laufe der Zeit die Federhärte ab.Spring mattresses are usually equipped with metal springs. However, these have several disadvantages. For example, if the mattress is destroyed, there is a considerable risk of injury from the metal springs. It has therefore already been proposed to use plastic springs in Federkemmatratzen. However, these are unsatisfactory in terms of their material properties. In particular, these have a higher setting amount or height loss than metal springs. In addition, decreases in the known plastic springs over time, the spring rate.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine solche Feder mit besonders guten Eigenschaften bereitzustellen. Insbesondere soll die Feder ein exzellentes Setzverhalten, also einen geringen Setzbetrag mit der Zeit, aufweisen. Zudem soll die Feder dauerelastisch sein und eine hohe Dauerbelastbarkeit aufweisen.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide such a spring with particularly good properties. In particular, the spring should have an excellent settling behavior, ie a small amount of settling over time. In addition, the spring should be permanently elastic and have a high endurance.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch die Bereitstellung einer Biege- oder Torsionsfeder, insbesondere einer Schrauben-, Blatt-, Spiral-, Teller-, Stab- oder Membranfeder, welche wenigstens einen teilkristallinen Polyester enthält.According to the invention this object is achieved by the provision of a bending or torsion spring, in particular a screw, sheet, spiral, plate, rod or diaphragm spring, which contains at least one semi-crystalline polyester.

Diese Lösung basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass durch den Einsatz von teilkristallinem Polyester Federn erhalten werden können, welche nicht nur eine hohe Dauerelastizität und eine hohe Dauerbelastbarkeit aufweisen, sondern welche sich insbesondere auch durch ein exzellentes Setzverhalten, also durch einen äußerst geringen Setzbetrag, auszeichnen. Dabei ist das Setzverhalten tendenziell umso besser, je höher der Kristallinitätsgrad des Polyesters ist. Dies ermöglicht es, die Federeigenschaften durch Auswählen eines geeigneten Polyesters und eines optimalen Kristallinitätsgrades des Polyesters nahezu beliebig einzustellen.This solution is based on the finding that springs can be obtained by the use of semi-crystalline polyester, which not only have a high permanent elasticity and high durability, but which are characterized in particular by an excellent setting behavior, ie by an extremely small setting amount. The setting behavior tends to be better, the higher the degree of crystallinity of the polyester. This makes it possible to set the spring properties almost arbitrarily by selecting a suitable polyester and an optimum degree of crystallinity of the polyester.

Unter einem Polyester werden im Sinne der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung alle Arten von Polyester verstanden, also insbesondere Homopolyester, Copolyester, Terpolyester und dergleichen.For the purposes of the present patent application, a polyester is understood to mean all types of polyester, ie in particular homopolyesters, copolyesters, terpolyesters and the like.

In Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgedankens wird es vorgeschlagen, dass der Kristallinitätsgrad des teilkristallinen Polyesters mindestens 20 %, bevorzugt mindestens 30 %, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 40 %, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 50 % und höchst bevorzugt mindestens 60 % beträgt. Der Kristallinitätsgrad wird hier als Massenbruch verstanden, d.h. dieser bezieht sich auf die Masse des Polyesters. Zur Bestimmung des Kristallinitätsgrades stehen verschiedene Messverfahren zur Verfügung, wie beispielsweise Dichtemessung, dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie (DSC), Röntgenbeugung, Infrarot- (IR-) Spektroskopie oder Kernspinresonanz- (NMR-) Spektroskopie. Die hier genannten Werte für den Kristallinitätsgrad beziehen sich auf mit DSC (mit einer Aufheizrate von 10°C/Min.) bestimmte Werte.In a further development of the inventive concept, it is proposed that the degree of crystallinity of the partially crystalline polyester is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 40%, very particularly preferably at least 50% and most preferably at least 60%. The degree of crystallinity is understood here as a mass fraction, i. this refers to the mass of the polyester. To determine the degree of crystallinity, various measuring methods are available, such as, for example, density measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, infrared (IR) spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The values for the degree of crystallinity mentioned here refer to values determined with DSC (at a heating rate of 10 ° C./min.).

Besonders gute Ergebnisse, insbesondere im Hinblick auf ein ausreichend gutes Setzverhalten, werden insbesondere erhalten, wenn der Kristallinitätsgrad des teilkristallinen Polyesters 20 bis 90 %, bevorzugt 40 bis 80 %, besonders bevorzugt 50 bis 80 % und ganz besonders bevorzugt 50 bis 75 % beträgt.Particularly good results, in particular with regard to a sufficiently good setting behavior, are obtained in particular when the degree of crystallinity of the semicrystalline polyester is from 20 to 90%, preferably from 40 to 80%, more preferably 50 to 80% and most preferably 50 to 75%.

Grundsätzlich kann als teilkristalliner Polyester jeder beliebige Polyester eingesetzt werden. Lediglich beispielsweise seien in diesem Zusammenhang Polyalkylenterephthalate, Polyarylenterephthalate, Polyalkylenisophthalate, Polyarylenisophthalate, Polyalkylennaphthalate und beliebige Mischungen aus zwei oder mehr der vorgenannten Verbindungen genannt.In principle, any polyester may be used as the partially crystalline polyester. Only, for example, polyalkylene terephthalates, polyarylene terephthalates, polyalkylene isophthalates, polyarylene isophthalates, polyalkylene naphthalates and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds may be mentioned in this context.

Gute Ergebnisse werden insbesondere erhalten, wenn der teilkristalline Polyester aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, welche aus Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT), Polypropylenterephthalat (PPT), Polyethylenisophthalat (PEI), Polyethylennaphthalat (PEN), Polybutylennaphthalat (PBN), Polyethylenterephthalatisophthalatcopolyester (PETIP) und beliebigen Mischungen aus zwei oder mehr der vorgenannten Verbindungen besteht.In particular, good results are obtained when the semi-crystalline polyester is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene terephthalate (PPT), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyethylene terephthalate isophthalate copolyester ( PETIP) and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung enthält die Feder teilkristallines PET. Ein besonderer Vorteil von PET ist es, dass PET vergleichsweise einfach auf einen gewünschten und insbesondere auf einen hohen Kristallinitätsgrad eingestellt werden kann. Zudem kann als Rohstoff beispielsweise Abfall-PET eingesetzt werden, welches vergleichsweise kostengünstig ist. Ferner ist PET kommerziell in großen Mengen verfügbar und toxikologisch unbedenklich. Schließlich weist PET, auch bei höheren Temperaturen von beispielsweise 80°C, eine hohe Bruchfestigkeit, eine hohe Formbeständigkeit, eine hohe Härte, eine hohe Steifigkeit und eine hohe Zähigkeit auf. Vorzugsweise weist bei dieser Ausführungsform das teilkristalline PET einen Kristallinitätsgrad von 20 bis 90 %, besonders bevorzugt von 40 bis 80 %, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 50 bis 80 % und höchst bevorzugt von 50 bis 75 % auf.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spring contains semicrystalline PET. A particular advantage of PET is that PET can be adjusted comparatively easily to a desired and in particular to a high degree of crystallinity. In addition, as a raw material, for example waste PET can be used, which is relatively inexpensive. Furthermore, PET is commercially available in large quantities and toxicologically harmless. Finally, PET, even at higher temperatures of for example 80 ° C, a high breaking strength, high dimensional stability, high hardness, high rigidity and high toughness. Preferably, in this embodiment, the semi-crystalline PET has a degree of crystallinity of from 20 to 90%, more preferably from 40 to 80%, completely more preferably from 50 to 80% and most preferably from 50 to 75%.

Grundsätzlich kann teilkristallines PET mit einem beliebigen Polymerisationsgrad bzw. Molekulargewicht eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise kann der Polymerisationsgrad des teilkristallinen PET 80 bis 250, vorzugsweise 120 bis 200 und besonders bevorzugt 140 bis 170, und kann das gewichtsgemittelte Molekulargewicht des teilkristallinen PET 16.000 bis 50.000 g/mol, vorzugsweise 24.000 bis 40.000 g/mol und besonders bevorzugt 28.000 bis 34.000 g/mol, betragen. Desweiteren ist es bevorzugt, dass der Schmelzpunkt des teilkristallinen PET, welcher sowohl von dem Kristallinitätsgrad des PET als auch von dem Polymerisationsgrad des PET abhängt, 235 bis 280°C, besonders bevorzugt 245 bis 265°C und ganz besonders bevorzugt 250 bis 260°C beträgt.In principle, semicrystalline PET having an arbitrary degree of polymerization or molecular weight can be used. For example, the degree of polymerization of the semi-crystalline PET may be 80 to 250, preferably 120 to 200, and more preferably 140 to 170, and the weight average molecular weight of the semi-crystalline PET may be 16,000 to 50,000 g / mol, preferably 24,000 to 40,000 g / mol, and more preferably 28,000 to 34,000 g / mol. Furthermore, it is preferred that the melting point of the semi-crystalline PET, which depends on both the degree of crystallinity of the PET and the degree of polymerization of the PET, 235 to 280 ° C, more preferably 245 to 265 ° C and most preferably 250 to 260 ° C. is.

Ein bevorzugtes Beispiel für kommerziell erhältliches teilkristallines PET, welches in der erfindungsgemäßen Feder eingesetzt werden kann, ist Amite® A04 900 von der Firma DSM.A preferred example of commercially available semicrystalline PET which can be used in the spring according to the invention is Amite® A04 900 from DSM.

In Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgedankens wird es vorgeschlagen, dass die erfindungsgemäße Biege- oder Torsionsfeder wenigstens zu 50 Gew.-% aus teilkristallinem Polyester besteht. Besonders gute Ergebnisse werden insbesondere erhalten, wenn die erfindungsgemäße Biege- oder Torsionsfeder wenigstens zu 80 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt wenigstens zu 90 Gew.-% aus teilkristallinem Polyester besteht. Sofern dem Polyester keine Additive zugesetzt werden, ist es ganz besonders bevorzugt, dass die erfindungsgemäße Biege- oder Torsionsfeder vollständig aus teilkristallinem Polyester besteht, also 100 Gew.-% teilkristallinen Polyester enthält.In a further development of the inventive concept, it is proposed that the bending or torsion spring according to the invention consists of at least 50% by weight of partially crystalline polyester. Particularly good results are obtained, in particular, if the bending or torsion spring according to the invention consists of at least 80% by weight and particularly preferably at least 90% by weight of partially crystalline polyester. If no additives are added to the polyester, it is very particularly preferred that the bending or torsion spring according to the invention consists entirely of semicrystalline polyester, that is to say contains 100% by weight of semicrystalline polyester.

Insbesondere ist es bevorzugt, dass die erfindungsgemäße Biege- oder Torsionsfeder 50 bis 100 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 80 bis 100 Gew.-%, ganz besonders bevorzugt 90 bis 100 Gew.-% und höchst bevorzugt 100 Gew.-% teilkristallines PET enthält.In particular, it is preferred that the bending or torsion spring according to the invention 50 to 100 wt .-%, particularly preferably 80 to 100 wt .-%, most preferably 90 to 100 wt .-% and most preferably 100 wt .-% semicrystalline PET contains.

Das teilkristalline PET kann auch in Mischung mit einem oder mehreren anderen Polyestern, vorzugsweise teilkristallinen Polyestern, eingesetzt werden. Beispielsweise werden auch mit einer Mischung aus teilkristallinem PET und teilkristallinem PBT gute Ergebnisse erhalten, wobei diese Mischung beispielsweise aus wenigstens 80 Gew.-% teilkristallinem PET und maximal 20 Gew.-% teilkristallinem PBT bestehen kann. Weitere Beispiele für eine solche Mischung sind Mischungen aus wenigstens 90 Gew.-% teilkristallinem PET und maximal 10 Gew.-% teilkristallinem PBT, aus wenigstens 95 Gew-% teilkristallinem PET und maximal 5 Gew.-% teilkristallinem PBT bzw. aus wenigstens 98 Gew-% teilkristallinem PET und maximal 2 Gew.-% teilkristallinem PBT. Am meisten bevorzugt ist jedoch reines teilkristallines PET.The semicrystalline PET can also be used in admixture with one or more other polyesters, preferably partially crystalline polyesters. For example, good results are also obtained with a mixture of semicrystalline PET and partially crystalline PBT, wherein this mixture can consist, for example, of at least 80% by weight of semicrystalline PET and at most 20% by weight of partially crystalline PBT. Further examples of such a mixture are mixtures of at least 90% by weight of semicrystalline PET and at most 10% by weight of partially crystalline PBT, of at least 95% by weight of partially crystalline PET and at most 5% by weight of partially crystalline PBT or of at least 98% by weight % semicrystalline PET and at most 2% by weight semicrystalline PBT. However, most preferred is pure semi-crystalline PET.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht die Feder aus einem teilkristallinen Polyester, dem ein oder mehrere Additive zugesetzt sind. Beispiele für solche Additive sind Nukleierungsmittel zur Erhöhung der Kristallinität, Pigmente zur Einstellung einer gewünschten Farbe der Feder und Füllstoffe zur Einstellung der mechanischen Eigenschaften. Nicht beschränkende Beispiele für geeignete Füllstoffe sind Glasfasern, Glaskugeln, Talk und beliebige Mischungen aus zwei oder mehr der vorgenannten Verbindungen.According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spring consists of a semi-crystalline polyester, to which one or more additives are added. Examples of such additives are nucleating agents for increasing the crystallinity, pigments for adjusting a desired color of the spring and fillers for adjusting the mechanical properties. Non-limiting examples of suitable fillers are glass fibers, glass beads, talc and any mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned compounds.

Bei der vorgenannten Ausführungsform ist es bevorzugt, dass die Biege- oder Torsionsfeder aus 80 bis 99,9 Gew.-%, bevorzugt aus 90 bis 99,5 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt aus 95 bis 99 Gew.-% teilkristallinem Polyester, vorzugsweise teilkristallinem PET, und aus 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt aus 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt aus 1 bis 5 Gew.-% wenigstens eines Additivs oder mehrerer Additive besteht.In the aforementioned embodiment, it is preferable that the bending or torsion spring is made of 80 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 90 to 99.5% by weight, and more preferably 95 to 99% by weight of partially crystalline Polyester, preferably partially crystalline PET, and from 0.1 to 20 wt .-%, preferably from 0.5 to 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 1 to 5 wt .-% of at least one additive or more additives.

Wie dargelegt besteht die erfindungsgemäße Biege- oder Torsionsfeder ganz besonders bevorzugt aus teilkristallinem PET, dem ggf. ein oder mehrere Additive zugesetzt sind. Alternativ dazu kann die Biege- oder Torsionsfeder auch aus einer ggf. Additiv(e) enthaltenden Mischung aus teilkristallinem Polyester und amorphen Polyester, bevorzugt aus einer Mischung aus teilkristallinem PET und amorphen PET, bestehen. Beispielsweise kann der Kern der Feder aus teilkristallinem PET und der Randbereich der Feder aus amorphen PET bestehen. Ferner ist es auch möglich, dass der Kern der Feder aus amorphen PET besteht und der Randbereich der Feder aus teilkristallinem PET besteht.As stated, the bending or torsion spring according to the invention very particularly preferably consists of semicrystalline PET, to which one or more additives have optionally been added. Alternatively, the bending or torsion spring also from a possibly additive (s) containing mixture of semi-crystalline polyester and amorphous polyester, preferably from a mixture of semi-crystalline PET and amorphous PET exist. For example, the core of the spring made of semicrystalline PET and the edge region of the spring may be made of amorphous PET. Furthermore, it is also possible that the core of the spring consists of amorphous PET and the edge region of the spring consists of semicrystalline PET.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist die Biege- oder Torsionsfeder einen Setzbetrag von weniger als 10 %, bevorzugt von weniger als 4 % und besonders bevorzugt von weniger als 1 % auf. Der Setzbetrag wird in Anlehnung an die EN ISO 3385 in der Fassung von Mai 1995 bestimmt, wobei in Abweichung von dem in der EN ISO 3385 beschriebenen Prüfverfahren, welches die Bestimmung der Minderung der Dicke und Härte bei Weichschaumstoffen, die als Polstermaterial dienen sollen, normiert, anstelle einer Belastung von 750 N eine Flächenbelastung von 0,5 N/cm2 angewendet wird und ein Stempel mit einer ebenen Geometrie eingesetzt wird. Folglich wird die Feder als Probekörper in der in der EN ISO 3385 beschriebenen Prüfvorrichtung mittig unter einem zylindrischen Stempel, welcher einen Durchmesser von 250 mm ± 1 mm aufweist und dessen unteren Kante eben ist, angeordnet. Der Stempel wird dann über 80.000 Belastungszyklen mit einer Flächenbelastung von 0,5 N/cm2 auf die Feder gedrückt. Aus den Höhen der Feder vor und nach den 80.000 Belastungszyklen wird dann der Setzbetrag errechnet.According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bending or torsion spring has a set amount of less than 10%, preferably less than 4%, and more preferably less than 1%. The setting amount is determined on the basis of EN ISO 3385 in the version of May 1995, in contrast to the test method described in EN ISO 3385, which standardizes the determination of the reduction in thickness and hardness of flexible foams, which are to serve as padding material instead of a load of 750 N, a surface load of 0.5 N / cm 2 is used and a stamp with a flat geometry is used. Consequently, the spring is placed as a test specimen in the test device described in EN ISO 3385 centered under a cylindrical punch which has a diameter of 250 mm ± 1 mm and whose lower edge is flat. The punch is then pressed onto the spring over 80,000 load cycles with a surface load of 0.5 N / cm 2 . From the Heights of the spring before and after the 80,000 load cycles are then calculated the set amount.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer zuvor beschriebenen Biege- oder Torsionsfeder, bei dem aus einer wenigstens einen Polyester enthaltenden Zusammensetzung, vorzugsweise durch Spritzgießen, eine Biege- oder Torsionsfeder geformt wird und wenigstens ein Teil des Polyesters vor oder nach dem Formen in teilkristallinen Polyester umgewandelt wird. Vorzugsweise besteht die zu formende Zusammensetzung aus wenigstens 90 Gew.-% PET und bis zu 10 Gew.-% Additiv(en).Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a previously described bending or torsion spring, in which from a composition containing at least one polyester, preferably by injection molding, a bending or torsion spring is formed and at least a portion of the polyester before or after Forms is converted into semi-crystalline polyester. Preferably, the composition to be molded consists of at least 90% by weight of PET and up to 10% by weight of additive (s).

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird teilkristalliner Polyester, bevorzugt teilkristallines PET, durch Spritzgießen zu einer Biege- oder Torsionsfeder geformt.According to a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, semicrystalline polyester, preferably semicrystalline PET, is injection-molded into a bending or torsion spring.

Alternativ dazu ist es auch möglich, amorphen Polyester, bevorzugt amorphes PET, beispielsweise durch Spritzgießen zu einer Biege- oder Torsionsfeder zu formen, bevor diese anschließend bei einer ausreichend hohen Temperatur für eine ausreichend lange Zeit wärmebehandelt wird, um den amorphen Polyester zumindest teilweise zu teilkristallinem Polyester umzuwandeln. Bei dieser Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann beispielsweise Abfall-Polyester und bevorzugt Abfall-PET eingesetzt werden, welches auf diese Weise wiederverwertet wird. Mit dieser Verfahrensvariante lassen sich Biege- oder Torsionsfeder besonders kostengünstig herstellen.Alternatively, it is also possible to form amorphous polyester, preferably amorphous PET, by injection molding into a bending or torsion spring, for example, before being subsequently heat treated at a sufficiently high temperature for a sufficiently long time to at least partially make the amorphous polyester semi-crystalline To convert polyester. In this embodiment of the present invention, for example, waste polyester, and preferably waste PET, can be used, which is recycled in this way. With this process variant, bending or torsion spring can be produced particularly cost-effectively.

Bei der letztgenannten Verfahrensalternative, bei der amorpher Polyester, vorzugsweise amorphes PET, durch Spritzgießen zu einer Biege- oder Torsionsfeder geformt wird, wird die Feder nach dem Spritzgießen vorzugsweise für 5 bis 10 Minuten bei einer Temperatur von 120 bis 140°C wärmebehandelt, um den amorphen Polyester zu teilkristallinem Polyester umzuwandeln. Ein Beispiel für ein geeignetes kommerziell erhältliches amorphes PET ist Arnite® D04 300 von der Firma DSM.In the latter alternative method in which amorphous polyester, preferably amorphous PET, is injection molded into a bending or torsion spring, the spring after injection molding is preferred for 5 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 120 to 140 ° C to convert the amorphous polyester to semi-crystalline polyester. An example of a suitable commercially available amorphous PET Arnite D04 300 ® from DSM.

Bei der letztgenannten Ausführungsform ist es auch möglich, bei dem abschließenden Wärmebehandlungsschritt den Polyester bzw. vorzugsweise das PET nur in einzelnen Bereichen der Feder zu teilkristallinem Polyester bzw. teilkristallinem PET umzuwandeln. Beispielsweise kann die Wärmebehandlung so durchgeführt werden, dass nur in dem Randbereich der Feder eine für die Umwandlung von amorphen zu teilkristallinem PET ausreichend hohe Temperatur erreicht wird, so dass durch die Wärmebehandlung eine Feder erhalten wird, deren Kern aus amorphen und daher nicht spröden PET besteht und deren Randbereich aus teilkristallinem PET besteht. Alternativ dazu kann die Wärmebehandlung auch so durchgeführt werden, dass der Kern der Feder aus teilkristallinem PET besteht und der Randbereich der Feder aus amorphen PET besteht.In the last-mentioned embodiment, it is also possible to convert the polyester, or preferably the PET, into semicrystalline polyester or partially crystalline PET only in individual regions of the spring in the final heat treatment step. For example, the heat treatment can be carried out so that a sufficiently high temperature is achieved only in the edge region of the spring for the conversion of amorphous to semi-crystalline PET, so that the heat treatment results in a spring whose core consists of amorphous and therefore non-brittle PET and whose edge region consists of semicrystalline PET. Alternatively, the heat treatment may be performed so that the core of the spring is made of semi-crystalline PET and the edge portion of the spring is made of amorphous PET.

Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung die Verwendung einer zuvor beschriebenen Biege- oder Torsionsfeder als Federkern in einer Federkernmatratze, als Stützelement für eine Matratze oder als Stützelement für einen Lattenrost.Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a previously described bending or torsion spring as a spring core in a spring mattress, as a support element for a mattress or as a support element for a slatted frame.

Claims (15)

Biege- oder Torsionsfeder, insbesondere Schrauben-, Blatt-, Spiral-, Teller-, Stab- oder Membranfeder,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Feder wenigstens einen teilkristallinen Polyester enthält.Bending or torsion spring, in particular screw, leaf, spiral, plate, rod or diaphragm spring,
characterized in that
the spring contains at least one semi-crystalline polyester. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Kristallinitätsgrad des teilkristallinen Polyesters mindestens 20 %, bevorzugt mindestens 30 %, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 40 %, ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 50 % und höchst bevorzugt mindestens 60 % beträgt.Bending or torsion spring according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the degree of crystallinity of the partially crystalline polyester is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 40%, very particularly preferably at least 50% and most preferably at least 60%. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Kristallinitätsgrad des teilkristallinen Polyesters 20 bis 90 %, bevorzugt 40 bis 80 %, besonders bevorzugt 50 bis 80 % und ganz besonders bevorzugt 50 bis 75 % beträgt.Bending or torsion spring according to claim 2,
characterized in that
the degree of crystallinity of the partially crystalline polyester is 20 to 90%, preferably 40 to 80%, more preferably 50 to 80% and most preferably 50 to 75%. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der teilkristalline Polyester aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, welche aus Polyalkylenterephthalaten, Polyarylenterephthalaten, Polyalkylenisophthalaten, Polyarylenisophthalaten, Polyalkylennaphthalaten und Mischungen hiervon besteht.Bending or torsion spring according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the semi-crystalline polyester is selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene terephthalates, polyarylene terephthalates, polyalkyleneisophthalates, polyarylenisophthalates, polyalkylene naphthalates, and mixtures thereof. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der teilkristalline Polyester aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, welche aus Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT), Polypropylenterephthalat (PPT), Polyethylenisophthalat (PEI), Polyethylennaphthalat (PEN), Polybutylennaphthalat (PBN), Polyethylenterephthalatisophthalatcopolyester (PETIP) und Mischungen hiervon besteht.Bending or torsion spring according to claim 4,
characterized in that
the semi-crystalline polyester is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene terephthalate (PPT), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene naphthalate (PBN), polyethylene terephthalate isophthalate copolyester (PETIP), and mixtures thereof. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der teilkristalline Polyester PET mit einem Kristallinitätsgrad von 20 bis 90 %, bevorzugt von 40 bis 80 %, besonders bevorzugt von 50 bis 80 % und ganz besonders bevorzugt von 50 bis 75 % ist.Bending or torsion spring according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the semi-crystalline polyester is PET with a degree of crystallinity of from 20 to 90%, preferably from 40 to 80%, more preferably from 50 to 80% and most preferably from 50 to 75%. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
diese 50 bis 100 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 80 bis 100 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt 90 bis 100 Gew.-% und höchst bevorzugt 100 Gew.-% teilkristallinen Polyester, vorzugsweise teilkristallines PET, enthält.Bending or torsion spring according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
these 50 to 100 wt .-%, preferably 80 to 100 wt .-%, particularly preferably 90 to 100 wt .-% and most preferably 100 wt .-% semi-crystalline polyester, preferably semi-crystalline PET contains. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
diese aus 80 bis 99,9 Gew.-%, bevorzugt aus 90 bis 99,5 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt aus 95 bis 99 Gew.-% teilkristallinem Polyester, vorzugsweise teilkristallinem PET, und aus 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-%, bevorzugt aus 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-% und besonders bevorzugt aus 1 bis 5 Gew.-% wenigstens eines Additivs besteht.Bending or torsion spring according to claim 7,
characterized in that
from 80 to 99.9 wt .-%, preferably from 90 to 99.5 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 95 to 99 wt .-% semicrystalline polyester, preferably semi-crystalline PET, and from 0.1 to 20 wt. -%, preferably from 0.5 to 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably from 1 to 5 wt .-% of at least one additive. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
diese als Additiv wenigstens ein Pigment, wenigstens ein Nukleierungsmittel und/oder wenigstens einen Füllstoff enthält, wobei der Füllstoff vorzugsweise aus der Gruppe ausgewählt ist, welche aus Glasfasern, Glaskugeln, Talk und Mischungen hiervon besteht.Bending or torsion spring according to claim 8,
characterized in that
this additive contains at least one pigment, at least one nucleating agent and / or at least one filler, the filler preferably being selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, glass beads, talc and mixtures thereof. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
diese teilkristallines PET und amorphes PET enthält, wobei der Kern der Feder aus teilkristallinem PET besteht und der Randbereich der Feder aus amorphen PET besteht.Bending or torsion spring according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
this semi-crystalline PET and amorphous PET contains, wherein the core of the spring consists of partially crystalline PET and the edge region of the spring consists of amorphous PET. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
diese teilkristallines PET und amorphes PET enthält, wobei der Kern der Feder aus amorphen PET besteht und der Randbereich der Feder aus teilkristallinem PET besteht.Bending or torsion spring according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that
this semi-crystalline PET and amorphous PET, wherein the core of the spring consists of amorphous PET and the edge region of the spring consists of semi-crystalline PET. Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
diese einen Setzbetrag von weniger als 10 %, bevorzugt von weniger als 4 % und besonders bevorzugt von weniger las 1 % aufweist.Bending or torsion spring according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
this has a set amount of less than 10%, preferably less than 4%, and more preferably less than 1%. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, bei dem aus einer wenigstens einen Polyester enthaltenden Zusammensetzung eine Biege- oder Torsionsfeder geformt wird und wenigstens ein Teil des Polyesters vor oder nach dem Formen in teilkristallinen Polyester umgewandelt wird.A method of manufacturing a bending or torsion spring according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a bending or torsion spring is formed from a composition containing at least one polyester and at least a portion of the polyester is converted into semi-crystalline polyester before or after molding. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
amorpher Polyester, vorzugsweise amorphes PET, durch Spritzgießen zu einer Biege- oder Torsionsfeder geformt wird und die Feder danach für 5 bis 10 Minuten bei einer Temperatur von 120 bis 140°C wärmebehandelt wird.Method according to claim 13,
characterized in that
amorphous polyester, preferably amorphous PET, is injection molded into a bending or torsion spring, and thereafter the spring is heat treated for 5 to 10 minutes at a temperature of 120 to 140 ° C. Verwendung einer Biege- oder Torsionsfeder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 als Federkern in einer Federkernmatratze, als Stützelement für eine Matratze oder als Stützelement für einen Lattenrost.Use of a bending or torsion spring according to one of claims 1 to 12 as a spring core in a spring mattress, as a support element for a mattress or as a support element for a slatted base.
EP09010232A 2008-08-18 2009-08-07 Spring Active EP2156767B1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2180618A (en) * 1982-08-27 1987-04-01 Miner Enterprises Hollow elastomeric bodies
EP0853901A2 (en) * 1997-01-07 1998-07-22 SCHLARAFFIA-WERKE HUSER GMBH. & CO. KG. Mattress
EP0889078A2 (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 Mitsubishi Plastics Inc. Silicone rubber and polyester resin composite
EP1422057A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-05-26 Sealed Air Corporation (US) Process for making and aging high strength high gas barrier cellular cushioning product
EP1872692A1 (en) * 2006-06-26 2008-01-02 Latexco NV Foam layers with rubber composition based springs

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2180618A (en) * 1982-08-27 1987-04-01 Miner Enterprises Hollow elastomeric bodies
EP0853901A2 (en) * 1997-01-07 1998-07-22 SCHLARAFFIA-WERKE HUSER GMBH. & CO. KG. Mattress
EP0889078A2 (en) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 Mitsubishi Plastics Inc. Silicone rubber and polyester resin composite
EP1422057A1 (en) * 2002-11-22 2004-05-26 Sealed Air Corporation (US) Process for making and aging high strength high gas barrier cellular cushioning product
EP1872692A1 (en) * 2006-06-26 2008-01-02 Latexco NV Foam layers with rubber composition based springs

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DE102008038149A1 (en) 2010-02-25
PL2156767T3 (en) 2012-03-30
ATE530089T1 (en) 2011-11-15

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