EP2243061A2

EP2243061A2 - Method for the improvement of plant-production

Info

Publication number: EP2243061A2
Application number: EP09702474A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Nebojsa Davidovic
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2008-01-14
Filing date: 2009-01-13
Publication date: 2010-10-27
Also published as: WO2009091274A2; WO2009091274A9; RU2530488C2; RS20080016A; RU2010133508A

Description

Appliance and Procedure designed for the improvement of Plant-production in the specially protected environment

Tehnical Field

Generally speaking the invention which is the subject of our research, is the problem of illumination in the agriculture, more precisely we are talking about the appliance based on the LED-technology, which is utilized for improvement of the Plant-Production in the specially protected environment.

According to Int.Cl. the subject of our discovery is selected and marked by the basic Cl. Symbol A Ol G 9/26 that is also used to mark the electrical appliances in the green-houses,but it can also be marked by the secondary Cl. Symbol G 05 D 25/02 which is used to explain the light-regulation characterised by using of electrical appliances.

Regarding the fact that this new appliance using multi-coloured light,the subject of our invention can be marked by the secondary Cl.Symbols such as: F 21 S 10/02 which is used to mark appliances and systems for producing colour-changing light, and also Cl.Symbol G 05 D 25/00 which is used to mark the regulation of light (for instance intensity, colour, phase etc.)

Technical Problem

Technical problem which could be solved by this invention is characterised by following question: How to achieve an additional illumination with adequate regulation and how to conceive its application for the sake of better quality and increased plant- production within the specially protected environment,where exists possibility of applying classic hydroponic technology, so that dynamics and phases of the photosynthetic process could be influenced,and also creating possibility for sterilization of hydroponic solution,actively participating in determination of the final plant- production properties, achieving at the same time preventive and active protection from any sort of desease, neutralizing harmful irradiation of the ground and subterranean waters by emitting, within specially programmed time intervals, separately for that purpose created light,comprising of specific spectrum which actively prevents desease,caused by micro-organisms and pathogens,taking into account the fact that such an appliance must be compatibile with widely known classic means of illumination used in the green-houses,regarding not only ecological parameters, irradiation, twinkling, buzzing and the likes, but also regarding the price of its manufacturing, installation, maintenance and duration-time.

Background Art

In the process of plant metabolism,in order to secure favourable conditions for the photosynthesis to take place, besides of considerable rate of humidity, nutritious matters, specific temperature and optimal concentration of CO2, it is absolutely necessary to secure the appropriate rate of illumination.. In terms of natural illumination, in other words sun-light about 75% to 85% of light is being absorbed, one fourth is photosyntheticlly active, but 0,5% to7% is actually being used, while the rest remained reflected, transformed into heat or remained luminescent. This phenomenon is the consequence of the transformation of the light energy within certain period of time, and the parameters of the photosynthetic light are:

The rate of illumination (depending on spectrum radiation emmission, and the most appropriate for vegetables arel500-20001x, for flowers 4000-50001x and laboratory research 20.000-30.000Ix)

The chosen width of the spectrum (it is widely acknowledged that the visible sun-light is within the 400-700nm, and for the plant-production the most appropriate segment of the spectrum is red between 640-680nm, and blue-violet segment of the spectrum between 400-450nm respectively.)

The regime of illumination must be compatible with the demands of the user and can be continuous and impulsive.

For the last couple of years an increasing interest has been detected,so that in accordance with the big number of experiments, the knowledge about the light and its influence on growth and fruitfulness of the plants has become more evident. New acknowledgements applied in agriculture brought new benefits to the farmers, not only in terms of much bigger and better quality production, but also in gaining possibility to secure the continuous production and place their products on the market at the best possible moment. It means that the day-light became more or less irrelevant for the plant-production, and consequently production can be conducted during the course of the whole year. It also means that, because of artificial illumination, the production of the variety of plants became possible in almost every corner of the world. An application of the artificial illumination brought a lot of benefits in terms of duration of the day and needed quantity of radiation.There are Metal-halogene and Natrium lamps nowdays, whose intensity is between 400W-600W, and their cover capacity is between 6-10 square meters.

There are two kinds of so called "specially protected environments" and in this case we are talking about green and plastic houses. We share certain cognizance that is important in bringing decision which of those two we should choose. In the first place,it is important to take into consideration the following:

1. Glass sheets are reflecting light,but at the same time they represent a sort of barrier against heat radiation, while the plastic foil does not reflect light, but it is efficacious protection against so called "plant-scorching".

2. Durability of the glass is not restricted, while the durability of the foil is restricted to two or three years.

3. Transparence of the glass is 100%, while the transparence of the foil is approximately 80%.

4. The penetration of the visible sun spectrum (through the glass) is almost unrestricted, while the foil at the same time does not reflect all components of the sun spectrum. It is also important to say that Natrium glass does not reflect UV segment of the spectrum.

5. There is a considerable price difference (the foil must be frequently changed, and the heating costs are relatively high).

Regardless of the decision whether to use green or plastic house,it is widely known that with appropriate control and careful usage of parameters which influence the plant production in the specially protected environments, and especially with the appropriate and scientifically proven usage of illumination, it is possible to achieve multiple production (two to three harvests within the same period of time) The modern days green houses no matter how big they are, are not supposed to operate withuot additional artificial illumination that is almost crucial in modern plant production.

But at the same time it is important to note that in the future the classic bulbs,fluorescent and bulbs based on Natrium vaporization are going to be outdated. Instead the LED illumination is going to be used because of its practical nature,reliability and durability.

Among the certain dilemmas regarding the problem of artificial illumination most frequently present are: choice of the most appropriate light spectrum, the possibility of discovering bulb with the light spectrum, whose composition could be altered in order to make it useful in the process of plant growing, the possibility of inventing optimal quantity of light, way of operating and high rate of energy save with the possibility of using natural energy recourses, inventing the best possible cooling process LE dioda, and paying attention to behaviour of the insects.

All these dilemmas inspired an author to discover the bulb based on LED technology, which would enable the plant production in the specially protected environments.trying to achieve the best possible conditions.

After we had an insight into all available domestic and foreign documentation, we realized that such kind of invention did not exist.

Disclosure of Invention

Previously elaborated technical problem has been completely solved by using this specific invention.

According to idea of the author, special bulb based on LED technology has been constructed, and that bulb consists of: LED DRIVER-UNIT, controlled by certain appliance suitable for achieving basiclly alternating RGB spectrum,equipped with plate in terms of size and shape adequate for using in green-houses, consisting (the plate) of LED elements and coolers, fixed horizontally and vertically along the mobile prop, conceived with the goal of achieving the best possible conditions to secure intensive and good quality photosynthetic activity with, at the same time significant saves of energy. This invention is based on usage of LED bulbs which means that some important benefits of that technology has been applied.

1. In terms of the same intensity, LED emits approximately the same or even more light in comparison to widely known and classic means of illumination.

2. It can emit light of precisely intended wave-longitude.

3. LED light can be directly led towards the certain spot.

4. Durability is considerably long (50.000 operating hours and the intensity of emission is less for just 20%).

5. It is not producing heat,in terms of light-emission.

6. LED is able to pulsate (so called impulse operating regime)and enables better energy-consuming, approximately 30% and with specific operating regime 10-100 times higher.

7. It is not emitting harmful segments of spectrum, like UV or IR.

8. The possibility of creating spectral content of the light emitted.

9. For the purpose of sterilization and eradication of the patogens, UV LED elements of precise wave-longitude could be installed. The complete range of UV-A spectrum is primarily positive regarding its influence on the plants.

LED elements consist of LED diodes or LED modules characterised by possibility of emitting coloured mono or polychromatic light, with RGB in its basics. It is important to emphasize, that LED bulb according to determined results, is conceived to create possibility of better utilization of artificial illumination, and thanks to precisely specifϊced photosynthetic parameters and careful planning, it does influence the plants and certain inner mechanisms within the leaves of the plant, and the consequence is positive changes in growth and fruitfulness of the plants.

In the light phase of photosynthesis, according to opinion of many authors, during the certain periods of time, in the course of the chemical process of organic matters synthesis, which is directly dependent on temperature, the plants do not need light, but some other authors share the opinion, that certain intensity of light is needed in order to activate some enzymes, and the spectrum of that light is different to spectrum of light absorbed by the chlorophyll. In those periods of time during the absence of the chemical activity of the plant, the bulb does not need to emit the light, or the intensity of the light could be lower and conducted with adequate spectrum needed for enzymic activity, including IR actualy termic activity. Photosynthetic emission is taking place periodically, and the consequence is intense outbursts of energy, that put electrons onto higher level, creating photoactivity as a physical reaction independent on temperature. In that way illumination and plant-activity are synchronized and the plant is instigated to react photosynthetically within the range of the light-rhythm, in which way the utilization of light is put onto higher level, accompanied by high energy save.

The new fact as a consequence of this invention is, given possibility to programming applied spectrum of emitted light, and along the photosynthetic activity, preventive and active neutralization of pathogens is taking place. It could be conducted in three ways:

1. Using spectrum that increases synthesis of compositions responsible for the immunity of the plant.

2. Using spectrum that is inadequate to physiology of the pathogens.

3. Using frequencies of the light emission which neutralize the pathogens.

Pathogens-neutralization could be conducted by exposing of the air-mixture for bulb-cooling, to high flux of the emitted light.

Also, as an alternative termical source, IR LED elements could be used, reciprocal to sun-irradiation, but with impulses of defined energies, which are corresponding to chemical aspect of the photosynthesis. Selective emission of IR, is performing direct energetic transfer on the plant,almost without any waste. In accordance to neccesities, the regulation of relation among photosynthetic, preventive and termical operating regime is being conducted, in other words the regulation of the presence of the specific spectra.

It is also important to note that the new fact as a consequence of this invention, is an option of creating positive and negative conditions in relation to bio-energetic aspect, which is important in terms of medicine and security, because it gives possibility to neutralize negative aspect of ground irradiation and activity of subterranean waters, without alternating intensity and spectrum of the emitted light.

It is also possible to programming the operation of the primal ventilator, whose number of rotations is in accordance with the intensity momentarily engaged, so that it is possible to refrigerate the bulb with the optimal quantity of air CO2 and nitrogen compound. Because of the fact that air-mixture within the refrigerating system is streaming directly along the electrical lines, which in turn transmit electro-magnetic energy, and making it fit for assimilation and temperature from -25 to +35 degrees. Also during the absence of illumination, the ventilator is operating with the minimal number of rotations, providing the environment with cool and warm air-mixture,which does not have to originate from the protected area. That operating regime is capable of securing air-circulation, and protection from insects, humidity and alikes.

Benefit of this invention is also the well-costructed plate, efficacious in protection from humidity, small in size and easy to operate.

Thanks to adequate installing and shape, it is possible to fix on the plate, another prop of the bulb what concequantly leads to possibility of producing another source of light. In that way all the time during the course of its growth and ripening, the plant is permanently being provided with the optimal quantity of light. Besides, it is important to note that the bulb is capable of operating in three separate ways- manually, half- automatically or automatically.

It is possible because of existing of the specific software that creates possibility for maximum save of energy and choice of operating process. In comparison to other widely known solutions regarding the subject of plant illumination within the specially protected environments, this specific invention is characterized by variety of benefits, and the most prominent are:

1. It is meeting all necessary ecological standards, and is completely harmless to human health. With certain experiments an author can prove that different colours and their combinations emit positive or negative energy. Also the sheer alteration of the operating process, but with unaltered spectrum and intensity of light, could lead to change of energetic polarity, in other words it is possible to produce polarity which is harmless towards the plants and can neutralize the eventual damageable irradiation of the ground or subterranean waters.

2. Within confines of the specific environment, it is possible to choose the option of continual work, of just white light with certain intensity .

3. In terms of temperature it is cool source of light. 4. There is a possibility to change all light parameters such as: intensity, dominant wave-longitudes, spectral composition, frequency of discrete and integral flashes.

5. It is possible to change separately all worn-out and damaged elements within the bulb and electric units, in other words the costs of its service are not high.

6. According to demand it is possible to change the previously programmed operating regimes.

7. It is without colour, of pleasant scent and hardly vapourable, so its duration is long. (LED diodes with damageable elements of nikolite are not present)

8. It is securing prevention from pathogens, by emission of spectrum which could be combined with the photosynthetic spectrum.

9. Harmless influence in terms of improvement of the chemical composition of the fruit, by defining intensity relation between red and blue light within the different phases of the ripening process of the plant.

10. Improved growth and fruitfulness of the plants.

11. High save of energy.

12. It is easy to preserve and reliable during the operation.

13. This appliance is mobile,light for installation and adequate to meet the plants needs for illumination.

Brief Description of Drawings

In order to understand this invention and with the purpose of demonstrating it, I am ready to show you certain pictures and drawings:

1. Representing the functional block-scheme of the specific appliance.

2. Representing the schematic illustration of the bulb plate, with elements of linking with another bulb.

3. Representing the serial supplying of LED modules with LED drivers.

4. Representing an example of the defined impulses in the terms of photosynthetic way of operation with RGB LED elements.

5. Representing an example of the defined impulses in the terms of fitto-preventive way of operation with RWD LED elements. 6. Representing an example of one impulse from the basic group of rectangular impulses with changeable parameters.

7. Representing software algorhythm which regulates the appliance operation in terms of automatic way of operation.

8. Representing an improved bulb within vertical cross-intersection.

9. Representing the upper sides of the improved bulb.

10. Representing the upper sides of the improved bulb with ventilators

11. Representing schematic illustration of the improved bulb in terms of hydroponic technology.

12. Representing lateral prospect of the improved bulb used for plant-production within nutritious solution (hydroponic technology).

13. Representing schematic illustration of light effect from the bulb towards the two props, and way of regulating cooling and heating system in terms of hydroponic conditions.

14. Representing schematic illustration of the fixed bulbs on both sides of the framework, in terms of applied hydroponic technology, (upper prospective image)

15. Representing schematic illustration of green-house with three frameworks, in terms of hydroponic way of plant production, illuminated by the bulbs.

16. Representing schematic illustration of the sterilization-appliance, made of UV LED diodes with control-appliance^irculation-pump and nutrition-system.

Best Mode for Carrying Out of the Invention

Looking at displayed pictures, it is easy to notice that the specific appliance is comprised of: computer 1 with interface 2, control framework 3, framework 4 for power supply, ventilator 5 for cooling process of LED elements and insufflation of air CO2 or N mixture interactively connected by adequate electrical installation and ventilation-valves, all together comprising switching network 8 (branching network). Control framework 3 is comprised of substructure 9 assigned for creation of determined signals, then substructure 10 for regulation of the parameters of signals: duration of the impulse, relation signal-pause and frequencies, interactive time-positions of impulse for installed colours and substructure 11 for manuel selection and data-entry. Taster 26 assigned for operating-regime choice is capable of taking two positions 1-2 and l"-2", what consequently means that in the position l-2,exists the possibility of choosing only white light of low intensity,for the purpose of creating favourable operating - conditions, within the specially protected environment, while in the position l"-2" an appliance is operating within limits of programmed spectral and impulsive regime. According to Umnax invention (40-50V) although different higher and lower voltages could be used, the quantity of output-power is depending on number of installed LED elements, which number defines intensity of the emitted light and determines the intensity of the power unit, in other words power- limit (protection of the appliance). Alteration of the power-supply voltage is possible thanks to different way of LED elements connection, or by substitution of the driver-unit. LED elements are emitting light of considerable energy, maximums within red and blue segment of the spectrum. For instance, it is possible to use 6-18 LED elements within the bulb, which are connected serially, in order to create one colour of the spectrum, as it is shown on pictures number 2 and 3. The intended spectrum could be created by combination of colours, in other words by combination of spectra, composed of two,three or more different elements. All elements of the same colour-spectrum can work in unity with the simultaneous start of RGB impulse and out of unity, when the beginnings of RGB impulse are different in time. Operating regime is being managed by control framework 3. After the installation of the bulbs 7, the spectrum could be created by parameters- entry (using software or manually) and during the process, the intensity of the specific colours-spectra and to them adequate frequencies, are connected interactively within random whole -numbered quantity (for instance, for three elements, colours or spectra, the relation fa:fb:fc is 1:2: 1,1:3:5.4:3:2 etc.). The complete number of installed elements is defining the maximum of illumination-intensity, and it could be increased by putting one or more bulbs on the first one 7, paying attention to intended height. This could be achieved by linking the prop of the second bulb 7 and connector of the first bulb 7. The instrument of connection is juncture 29. On the lid 21 of the first bulb 7, there is centrally positioned circular outlet (hole), which diameter is a little bit longer than the diameter of the prop 20. In order to protect bulb 7 from humidity, during its installation without the prop 20, the circular plastic gasket 23 must be inserted into hole 22. In the case when the two bulbs 7 are connected, an air-mixture for cooling and CO2 are flowing through hollow, tubular props 17 and 20, and the power supply and system for managing operating regime of the additional bulb are conducted by the help of the small panel 25 and driver 27, and it is important to notice that every additional bulb has the analogous connector, small panel 25 and driver 27, which enable connection for power supply transmitting and transmitting of electrical signals.

On the plate 14 for the purpose of cooling, there are symmetrically arranged small outlets 19, through which incessantly the heating air is coming out. Ventilator 5 is preventing the penetration of humidity and insects,generally present in the plastic and green-houses.

Maximal output intensity, in other words the intensity of the emitted light is limited only by capacity of the power supply unit 4, but it could be increased by parallel connecting of more power supply units 4, if the electrical installations are adequate.

Because of low energy-waste, operating impulsive regime enables installation of special bulbs (in terms of its specific performances), which can emit high intensity, (about 33 KHz) quick light impulses, noting at the same time that the frequency could be altered as well.

The choice of duration of the basic impulses within the pulse-ranging technique train, is the result of various researches,t hat have shown, that the optimal duration of impulse is 10-15 us.

Plate 14 of the LED bulb is pear-shaped, or as it could be seen, it bears the form of rounded, regular, multi-lateral prism or cope. That plate is comprised of adequate refrigerating-appliances, made at the same time, of durable plastic or material of the similar kind. Plate 14 is closed, so that to protect LED elements (LE diodes and LED modules) from various mechanical defects.

Operating regime of the bulb 7 is defined by appliance 2, and it comes into realization in two possible ways: 1). Completely automatic-software, by programming parameters such like:

- duration of the rectangular impulse Ti, relation Ti/Tpi and frequency fi within the basic pulse-ranging (Picture 6).

- relation of intensities of the installed colours/spectra proportional to number of the adequate impulses, within the whole-numbered relation, (picture 4), in which way the spectrum is defined, and also the intensity of the emission in photo-synthetic and fitto- preventive, more precisely, termical operating (picture S).

- output frequency of fo emission, of the integral spectrum.

- programmed time-intervals of the bulb operating (algorhythm, picture 7) by which it is possible to achieve in advanced defined parameters of illumination (For instance within short time-intervals for every single day).

2). Halfautomatically-manuelly, by direct parameters entry in the console of appliance.

Signals nature is defined by temperature and power impulsive performances of LED elements 12, as same as by additional save. In both cases the previously mentioned signals are under control of frameworks 9 and 10, which also regulate operating process of LED driver 27. Algorhythm of both operating regimes is shown on picture 7.

In order to explain the energy-save possibility of the bulb (regarding this invention), some examples of operating-consumption within photosynthetic regime are shown:

Tfs = 100 us is the duration-time of basic, rectangular impulse ranging, Ti +Tpi=25-40us, of one impulse period, fi=25-40KHz frequencies of basic, rectangular impulses.

In this case, there is an example of energy-consumption and spectrum-creation, when the bulb emits two colours, for instance cold-white and red. The most optimal condition is, when the bulb is emitting spectrum with 60%-80% of energy, which is in accordance with wave-lengths within intervals 620-650nm and 420-450nm, and it is possible to achieve by choice of LED elements. Spectrum is being created by entry of impulse number for both colours within the time Tfs, in other words with the help of their relation. If their number is the same, then it is: nR:nW=l: K=> fiR=fiW

This kind of bulb with (for instance) maximal installed power Pinst=435W, has total light-flux of 135*601m=81001m, which is approximately in accordance with sunlight flux of =11000- 120001m. Regarding the fact that the bulb is put on ~lm. height, brightness adequate to sun-light is ~ lOOOlx, and theoretically minimal energy- consumption (for nR=nW=l) is: Uo=Uomax=60V

Io=Iomax=2,25A

Tfs=Timin=Tiw=Tir=12,5 microsec. fo=20Hz,Ti+Tpi=50ms

Pmin=(20*12,5)*Pinst/1000000=0,00025*135W=33,75mW

Maximal energy-consumption within impulsive operating-regime, with Ti=Tpi is:

Uo=Uomax=60V

Io=Iomax=2,25A

Tfs is without limit and ,fi=fiR=fiW

Pmax=Pinst/2=67,5W

Maximal power by the same conditions for Ti»Tpi is approximately:

Pmax=Pinst=135W

Because of persistency, light of minimal duration, on frequencies higher than 25Hz, human eye can see as constantly low (one basic impulse lasts for 12,5us, and the human eye is sensitive to ~24-25Hz, more precisely to ~ 40ms, which is 3000 times slower). But for the plant this kind of light is photosynthetically active, in spite of its short duration when compared to its intensity, because it does produce impulse, regarding its influence on chlorophyll and other pigments. Operating regimes with low energy-consumption are primarilly designed for prevention from diseases and pathogens, in the specifically defined spectrum, because illumination can be practically unlimited (and in conditions when photosynthetic production is not taking place).

As is known that LE diodes do not generate heat in the front area where they emit light (the exception being use of IR LED elements) but in the rear, at the back of the appliance, depending on the characteristics of elements, operating current and regime, there is a need to cool lamps. Temperatures released by conventional lamps are incomparably higher than operating temperatures of LED elements. For example, metal-halogen lamps emit from 200 - 450° C whereas LE diodes, depending on their type, can have a maximum operating temperature of 40 - 50⁰C. The maximum short- time temperature is higher than 100⁰C.

Due to temperature oscillations in the protected environment, preventive protection and ensuring a long and reliable operation of lamps, cooling of LED elements is performed by the circulation of the air and CO₂/N mixture through the primary 8 and coaxial pipes in carriers 17 (PE -Al - PE) through which electrical and signal installations go though. This cooling method has been selected for its simultaneous supply of plants with CO₂ and the same is done when there is no need for cooling. The air mixture with CO₂ or N emerges under small pressure (that is regulated by opening the exit valve 28 in the tank 6 or by fan speed 5). The mixture emerges through openings 19 in the lamp 7 near the plants and as the lamp 7 is 1 meter high and CO₂ is heavier than air, a good supply of required CO₂ has been provided. It is necessary to note that if there is a need for an emission of higher intensity light, additional cooling fans of smaller power are built in the lamp.

Unlike many, LED elements radiate more at low temperatures (reference T = 25⁰C). In intensive plant production with a large number of plants/m², for which additional illumination is intended, substantial quantities of CO are required and its concentration is regulated in the described manner.

Temperature protection, if needed, can also be achieved automatically with thermosensors connected to the control unit 3 that by reducing the operating current balances parameters and unloads LED elements by lowering their temperature. This, in fact, is the second protection level. This ensures long and safe appliance work

Picture 8 shows a lamp with improved characteristics for plant production in the protected environment that uses the same method of control, feeding and air supply for cooling through the primary 8, as well as the lamp 7. The lamp shown in picture 8 is different from the lamp 7 by its design. It has a different housing shape 30 and a built-in cooling deflector 35 that allows a considerably greater stability of desired operating temperature. The best shape for the protective housing 30 is that of the turned regular hexagonal pyramid. Its lateral faces have fixed coolers with LE diodes 46 and cooling openings 31 that are uniformly placed along connection points of its lateral faces. The lamp housing 30, by means of the thread 32 and the semi-coupling 33, is fixed to the tubular support 20. Supply cables and the cooling mixture go through it. At the end of the housing base 30 there is a thread 34 by means of which a conical cooling deflector 35 is fixed. Air openings 36 are placed on its sides and they are symmetrically positioned on its surface. On the upper side of the housing 30 there is a cover 37 with a centrally made circular opening 38. A circular pipe 39 of the next lamp's support is inserted in this opening if the height of the story in the plastic house demands so. The pipe 39 is fixed to the cover 37 (manufactured in two models) by means of the thread 41 and semi-coupling 33 through the spacer 40. The model with no fan 42 (picture 9) has a cover 37 that represents a flat hexagonal panel that matches the upper housing opening 30. On the internal side the driver 27 is fixed to it and the panel connector 29 is fixed on the external side. Their functions are described in the previous example of the lamp. One can easily notice in picture 9 that there is a star-like grouping of air openings 36. The second model of the lamp in question - picture 10, has a cover 37 and at each 120° in angles there are fixed standard fans 42 positioned to exhaust air from the lamp. The operation principle of this lamp is the same as that of the previously described lamp 7 but for an added cooling deflector 35 by means of which better cooling of LED elements 12 and 13 is achieved. This can be considerably significant in specific regimes of the lamp operations.

By using the same regimes of supply, cooling, control and the primary 8, as in previous examples, the author in this description of his invention has presented the lamp for improving plant production in the protected environment when hydroponic technology of plant growth is used at several levels. As is seen in pictures 11 and 12 the lamp has an oblong housing 43 of a trapeze-like cross-section that is fixed with semi- coupling 44 to the tubular support. Supply and control ducts and s supply of air mixture for cooling 45 go through it. LE diodes 73 with ribbed coolers are uniformly fixed to the lateral housing faces in two rows so that their efficient cooling is made possible by means of additionally driven fans by air 47 that are placed at housing ends 43. On the upper housing side 43, for5 the needs of check-up and maintenance, there is a narrow rectangular cover 48 that is easy to dismount.

Picture 13 shows a storeyed structure 49 made of oblique and on top connected supports 50 and horizontal reinforcements 51 and 52. There are tubes uniformly placed by height 53 on their lateral faces and those tubes contain hidroponic solution 54. Tubes 53 are fixed vertically with tapes 55 that are sideways placed on oblique supports 50 of the etagέre structures 49 and fixed with screws 56. Across tubes 53 there are coverings 57 made of thermoinsulation material like styrofoam with openings 58 matching openings 59 on tubes 53 with liquid substrate 54. Picture 14 also easily shows the manner in which the lamp is installed and it can be seen that the housing 30 is parallel with tubes 53. Cooling of lamps is done as in previous examples with the fan 5 through the primary 8 that is individually for each storey separated in vertical tubes 60. Cooling electrical and air ducts driven by the basic fan go through those vertical tubes 60. In this case, in the middle of the storey 49, there is a "T" distributor 61. Symmetrically from this distributor 61, to the left and right side of the storey 49, through tubes 62 and 63, distribution of ducts and cooling air is done.

Picture 15 shows a green house or a plastic house with three parallel storeys 49. This example also shows that use of parallel storeys 49 allows better use of light, considerable heat savings, efficient cooling of subject lamps and high illumination with a minimum shadow of plants at storey 49.

Picture 16 shows an additional assembly for selective sterilization with the appliance 64 with LE diodes 66 emitting waves from UV-B and UV-C from the spectrum part for sterilization of hidroponic solution 54. Namely, during vegetation, plants use hidroponic solution 54. Over time it is necessary to enrich this solution with new nutriments and neutralize it against damaging microorganizms. Supplements are given by means of the pump 71, and solution circulation 54. With open valves 69 this solution firstly passes through the filter 70 supplementing tubes 53 with fresh solution through the valve 69 so that plant feeding could be optimum. This assembly can be made as an integral stationary part of equipment in the plastic house or as an additional part of equipment that when necessary can be connected to the tube 53 via the coupling 65. The actual process of sterilization is based on the effect of UV LE diodes 66 accommodated in a hermetic housing. A tubular reflective area 67 is included to increase effects of UV radiation of LE diodes 66 in the tube for solution flow 54.

Industrial Applicability

Industrial or other methods of obtaining and applying LED lamps intended for improvement of plant production in protected environment, in accordance with this invention, is absolutely possible according to parameters referred to in this description.

Experts in the subject field can without problems implement the procedure for making the subject lamp by using this description and design. This invention, due to its quick assembly of ready made components in the lamp's geometry, is suitable for serial production and its testing of prototypes in protected environment in test lots has demonstrated excellent results.

Invention application, from the point of view of illumination intensity, illuminated area or rate of electric power input, is recommended because the appliance is limited only with electric properties (electric resistance, conductor cross section) of electric installations. Possible increases in the level of electric power of the energetic appliance are achieved by simply adding energetic units so that the total power at appliance vent is: Pu = nPe.j., where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and Pe.j. is the power of energy unit. This allows exploitation of energy of the Sun and wind.

Claims

1) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that it consists of the following: computer (1) with interface (2), control assembly (3), assembly (4) for electric energy supply, lamp (7), fan (5) for cooling LED elements and blowing in CO₂ or nitrogen N that are from the tank (6) interconnected through the satisfactory primary (8).

2) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARATERIZED by that the lamp (7) consists of the support (17) with the tubular coupling (29) and stand (15) with the fixed housing (14) and with a centrally positioned opening (22) on the upper panel (21). On the laterala faces of this opening (22) LED elements (13) are symmetrically positioned with LE diodes (12) and coolers, LED driver (27), fan openings (19) and connector lamella (25).

3) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment according to claim 1 IS CHARACTERIZED by that the control assembly (3) consists of subassembly (9) for the creation of the basic sequence of rectangular impulses at the prearranged frequency and regulation of their duration or the signal/pause relation, subassembly (10) for definition of the number of selections for specific colors and their interconnected positioning at times Tfs and Tfp in which they make photosynthetic and phytopreventive specter and basic frequencies of emission fo and subassembly (11) for manual selection and data entry.

4) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that the operating lamp regime (7) is realized in two operation options: fully automatic - software, that is achieved by means of subassemblies (9 and 10) and semi-automatic 0 manual, that is realized by means of subassemblies (9 and 11) and both with three operating regimes.

5) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment according to claim 3 IS CHARACTERIZED by that for the realization of the automatic - software operation software is used according to algorithm in picture 7 in invention description. 6) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that for the installation of the mains and ventilation the primary (8) is used underground.

7) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that LED elements (12 and 13) in the lamp (7) are efficiently cooled with a mixture of air, CO₂ and N through closed tubes of the primary (8) driven by the regulated fan pressure (5).

8) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that the active thermal protection of LED elements (12 and 13) is carried out by automatic control of performance of operating cooling fan (5) with regard to ambience temperature and the system's rate of electric power input. The second level of thermal protection is realized by adjusting effective operating electric power by means of feedback of thermosensors in the lamp (7) and the electronic appliance (10) for creating impulses.

9) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that phytosanitary environment protection is performed, in addition to preventive light presence and dedicatedly selected emission of light of satisfactory specter and frequency, with the regulated control assembly (3) of the appliance by means of which such specters are emitted independently or in combination with specters adequate to photosynthesis.

10) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that for the realization of its operation from the point of view of electric power supply, due to low consumption regime and with the existence of satisfactory geographic and climatic conditions, solar or wind energy is used.

11) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that the lamp in another design model consists of the housing (3) whose shape is that of a turned hexagonal pyramid. In this housing (3), with a thread (34) is fixed cooling deflector (35) so that on the lateral faces of the housing (3) there are star-like positioned openings (31) and coolers with LED diodes (46), whereas on laterals faces of the deflector (35) there are circularly positioned openings (31). The housing (30) is closed with a cover (37) with a driver (27) that can carry fans (43) or is without them and this driver has a centrally positioned round opening (38) for inserting the tube (39) serving as a support of the next lamp.

12) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that the lamp for improvement of production in the conditions of hidroponic plant growth is made of the following: elongated housing (43) of trapeze-like cross section. A connector (44) is found on its lower side for supply and control ducts and air cooling. On its lateral faces with coolers with LED diodes (73) there are openings (72) for cooling that is improved with a side fan (47).

13) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that the assembly for the sterilization of hidroponic solution consists of processing appliance (64), filter (70), LE diodes (66) that emit waves UV-B and UV-C of the specter part for UV emission, couplings (65) for connecting to the tube (53), valves (65 and 68) for the regulation of solution flow (54) and reflecting area (57) inserted in the primary tube (8).

14) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that storey structures (49) are made of oblique, connected supports on top (50) and horizontal reinforcements (51 and 52). On their lateral faces horizontal tubes are positioned in parallel (53), covered with thermoinsulation coverings (57) with openings (58) matching openings (59) on tubes (53).

15) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that the subassembly (9 and 10) by change of frequency of sequence of basic rectangular impulses, emitted specter and positions of impulses for various colors, performs neutralization of damaging radiation on soil, underground and other waters in the protected environment and thus ensuring ecologically adjusted preconditions for the biological system.

16) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that for special needs of a specific level of environment sterilization LE diodes are used with maximum emissions in the domain of UV-A, UV-B and UV-C specter when adjusted emission is particularly monitored and checked so that emission is carried out in daily conditions combined with visible light or depending on the desired level of sterilization in short time intervals day and night.

17) The appliance and illumination process intended for improvement of plant production in the protected environment IS CHARACTERIZED by that for the efficient chemical synthesis or organic matters thermal energy IR LED (infrared LE diodes) is periodically used with selected wave lengths higher than 700nm. Its operation is controlled with assembly 3 or with subassemblies 9, 10 and 11.