EP2459777A1 - Grooved anode for an electrolysis tank - Google Patents
Grooved anode for an electrolysis tankInfo
- Publication number
- EP2459777A1 EP2459777A1 EP10747915A EP10747915A EP2459777A1 EP 2459777 A1 EP2459777 A1 EP 2459777A1 EP 10747915 A EP10747915 A EP 10747915A EP 10747915 A EP10747915 A EP 10747915A EP 2459777 A1 EP2459777 A1 EP 2459777A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- groove
- anode block
- block
- grooves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
- C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
Definitions
- the invention relates to the production of aluminum by igneous electrolysis according to the Hall-Héroult process and more particularly to the precooked anodes used in aluminum production plants and comprising a carbon anode block, a method of manufacturing such anode blocks. and a device for manufacturing such anode blocks.
- Aluminum metal is produced industrially by igneous electrolysis, namely by electrolysis of alumina in solution in a bath of molten cryolite, called electrolysis bath, according to the well-known Hall-Héroult process.
- the electrolysis bath is contained in tanks comprising a steel box, which is lined internally with refractory and / or insulating materials, and cathode elements located at the bottom of the tank. Anode blocks of carbonaceous material are partially immersed in the electrolysis bath. Each vat and the corresponding anodes form what is often called an electrolysis cell.
- the electrolysis current which circulates in the electrolysis bath and possibly a sheet of liquid aluminum through the anodes and cathode elements, operates the alumina reduction reactions and also allows to maintain the bath of electrolysis. electrolysis at a temperature of the order of 950 ° C. by Joule effect.
- French patent application FR 2 806 742 (corresponding to US Pat. No. 6,409,894) describes installations of an electrolysis plant intended for the production of aluminum.
- the electrolysis cells comprise a plurality of so-called "precooked" anodes of carbonaceous material which are consumed during the electrolytic reduction reactions of aluminum.
- Gases, and more particularly carbon dioxide, are generated during the electrolysis reactions and naturally accumulate in the form of gas bubbles under the lower, generally substantially flat, horizontal face of the anode, which influences the overall stability of the tank. ⁇ results indeed from the accumulation of these gas bubbles:
- the dimensions of the anode blocks of the commonly used anodes are of the order of 1200 to 1700 mm for the length, 500 to 1000 mm for the width and 550 to 700 mm in height, with one to three grooves of depth generally between 150 and 350 mm.
- the groove produces a beneficial effect for only 62.5% of the life of the anode.
- a first object of the invention is to provide another type of anode remedying the evacuation problems of gas accumulating under the anodes without compromising the integrity of the anode blocks during their manufacture, storage, transport or use .
- Another object of the invention is to provide anodes to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above, that is to say to propose anodes producing a beneficial effect for a longer period without compromising the integrity of the blocks anodic during their manufacture, storage, transportation or use.
- the subject of the invention is an anode carbon block for anode precooked for use in a metal electrolysis cell having an upper face, a lower face, intended to be arranged opposite an upper face of a cathode, and four lateral faces, and comprising at least one first groove opening on at least one of the lateral faces, in which the first groove has a maximum length L max in a plane parallel to the lower face, and characterized in that the first groove does not open on the faces lower or upper, or opens on said lower or upper faces on a length L 0 less than half the maximum length L max .
- the first groove according to the invention forms a recess in the core of the constituent material of the anode block which is not open on the lower or upper faces over part of the length of said groove.
- the upper face of the anode block further comprises at least one fixing recess and the lower face of the anode block is intended in use to be immersed in an electrolysis bath.
- Groove means, as is known from the prior art, a substantially vertical recessed recess of depth between 50 and 500 mm and width between 5 and 40 mm.
- Such a first groove has the effect of reducing the turbulence of the electrolysis bath and the kinetic energy of turbulence for the volume located below the lower face of the anode block, when it opens over a long length on the lower face, that is to say after some wear of the anode block.
- the reduction of turbulence is particularly beneficial in the region below the anode block because it reduces the reoxidation of the dissolved metal in the electrolysis bath.
- Such a first groove preserves the structural integrity of the anodic block and therefore its physical resistance because the bulk of the first groove is formed in the core of the material.
- the outer casing which has more propensity to withstand stress and to crack than the core of the material, is then weakened to a lesser extent with such a first groove which has less surface opening on the outer faces of the anode block by relative to a groove known from the prior art.
- the groove opens on a single lateral side or on two opposite lateral sides of the anode block to facilitate the evacuation of gases accumulating under the anode block.
- the groove may comprise a slightly inclined bottom of an angle less than 10 ° relative to the horizontal to improve the evacuation of gases and to direct this evacuation towards a predetermined location of the tank, for example to the alumina loading points so as to facilitate stirring and dissolution of the alumina, more particularly to a central corridor in the electrolysis cell.
- the particular and innovative shape of the first groove according to the invention gives it a period of full efficiency offset from grooves of the prior art formed from the underside. Since the first groove does not open on the underside or opens on the underside over a reduced length, it is inefficient or of reduced efficiency for the evacuation of gases in the first instants of immersion of the anode block in the tank. electrolysis. The first groove on the other hand finds full effectiveness after some wear of the anode block, when the groove length opening on the underside increases.
- Per second groove is meant a groove of maximum length L ' max in a plane parallel to the lower face and opening on the lower face over a length LO equal to or substantially equal to L' max , for example when the lower edge of the block anodic is chamfered.
- the periods of effectiveness of the first and second grooves may overlap, that is to say that there is coexistence of the first and second grooves at the same depth relative to the underside, or be slightly disjoint.
- the anode block may include one or more first grooves and one or more second grooves.
- the orientation of the various grooves may vary, first grooves may for example be oriented perpendicular to second grooves.
- the anode blocks according to the invention comprising at least one first groove and at least one second groove, a passage from a second groove to a first groove, which avoids disturbances and abrupt changes in the kinetics of the fluids with the associated electrical equilibrium problems and facilitates for example adaptive adjustments.
- the anodic block comprises two second branches and a first groove, the first and the second grooves extending parallel in the longitudinal direction of the anode block and the first groove being disposed halfway. distance between the two second grooves.
- the offset, in a plane parallel to the lower face, of the first groove with respect to the two second grooves thus allows optimum preservation of the physical integrity of the anode block.
- the length L 0 on which opens the first groove on the lower face is less than 25% of the maximum length L max and preferably less than 10% of the maximum length L max .
- a preferred embodiment will correspond to the case where the groove does not open on the underside.
- the fact that the first groove opens on the underside results mainly from a particularly advantageous manufacturing process because it is simple to implement in which:
- a blade is introduced inside a mold of a vibro-packer; the mold of the vibrotasseuse is loaded with carbonaceous materials constituting the anodic block;
- the anode block thus formed is discharged from the mold, in particular by sliding relative to the blade.
- the anode block is discharged from the mold after removing the blade from the mold.
- the blade is fixed to the bottom of the mold before loading.
- the blade is fixed on a side wall or two opposite side walls of the mold before loading.
- the invention extends to anodes having at least one anode block as described above and a fixing rod.
- the invention also extends to an igneous electrolysis aluminum production cell comprising at least one anode as described above, as well as to a process for the manufacture of aluminum comprising the steps of:
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show a front view of an embodiment of anode anode block according to the invention.
- Figure 3 shows a sectional view of the anode block of Figures 2A and 2B according to section A-A to highlight the shape of the first groove.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of a blade intended to be fixed in a mold for the formation of the first groove during the manufacture of the green anodic block of FIGS. 2 and 3.
- Figures 5 to 7 are sectional views of the type of Figure 3, showing other particular shapes of first grooves.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B respectively show a front view of another embodiment of an anode block according to the invention.
- Electrolysis plants for aluminum production include a liquid aluminum production zone that includes one or more electrolysis rooms including electrolysis cells.
- the electrolysis cells are normally arranged in rows or rows, each row or line typically having more than one hundred cells, and electrically connected in series using connecting conductors.
- an electrolysis cell 1 comprises a tank 2, a support structure 3, called a "superstructure", carrying a plurality of anodes 4, means 5 for feeding the alumina tank and / or in AlF 3 and means 12 for recovering the effluents emitted by the tank in operation.
- the tank 2 typically comprises a metal box 6 internally lined with refractory materials 7, 8, a cathode assembly which comprises blocks of carbonaceous material 9, called “cathode blocks” disposed in the bottom of the tank, and connecting rods metal 10 to which are attached electrical conductors 11 for the routing of the electrolysis current.
- the anodes 4 each comprise at least one consumable anode block 13 made of precured carbonaceous material and a metal rod 14.
- the anode blocks 13 typically have a substantially parallelepiped shape.
- the rods 14 are typically attached to the anode blocks 13 by means of fasteners 15, generally called “multipodes", having studs which are anchored in the anode blocks 13 generally via recesses 36 in the face upper part of the anode block.
- the anodes 4 are removably attached to a movable metal frame 16, called “anode frame”, by mechanical fixing means.
- the anode frame 16 is carried by the superstructure 3 and attached to electrical conductors (not shown) for the routing of the electrolysis current.
- the refractory materials 7, 8 and the cathode blocks 9 form, inside the tank 2, a crucible adapted to contain an electrolyte bath 17 and a sheet of liquid metal 18 when the cell 1 is in operation.
- a cover 19 of alumina and solidified bath covers the electrolyte bath 17 and all or part of the anode blocks 13.
- the anodes 4, and more precisely the anode blocks 13, are partially immersed in the electrolyte bath 17, which contains dissolved alumina.
- the anode blocks 13 initially each have a bottom face that is typically substantially planar and parallel to the upper surface of the cathode blocks 9, which is generally horizontal.
- the distance between the lower face of the anode blocks 13 and the upper surface of the cathode blocks 9, called the "interpolar distance" is an important parameter in the regulation of the electrolysis cells 1.
- the interpolar distance is generally controlled with great precision.
- the anodic carbonaceous blocks are gradually consumed in use. In order to compensate for this wear, it is common practice to gradually lower the anodes by regularly moving the anode frame downwards. In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the anode blocks are generally at degrees of wear different, advantageously to avoid having to change all the anodes at the same time.
- FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3 show a first embodiment of an anode block 13a according to the invention.
- the anode block 13a is typically parallelepiped rectangular in shape of length L between two opposite short side faces 21 and 22 typically vertical and of height H between a bottom face 23 and a top face 24 typically horizontal. As shown in the figures
- the upper edges can be trimmed to limit carbon losses.
- the anode blocks are intended to be consumed up to a maximum wear height indicated by the arrows 25.
- the anode block 13a has a first groove 31a and two second grooves 32 and 33.
- the second grooves 32, 33 typically pass through the anodic block from one side to the other in the direction of the length L.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B which show the opposite short side faces 21, 22 of the anode block 13a, show that these second grooves 32 , 33 open on the lower face 23 over its entire length and on both short side faces. Therefore the second grooves 32,33 open on the lower face 23 over lengths LO equal to their respective maximum lengths L ' max , and also equal to L. For the case where the lower edges are trimmed, these lengths L' max and LO are also substantially equal in that the cropped portion is not significant.
- FIG. 3 is a view of the anode according to section AA at through the first groove 31 so as to more specifically show the shape of the first groove 31.
- the first groove 31a has along its length:
- the first step 31a has the shape of a lying L and comprises on the first portion I a bottom 40 and a bottom wall 42 and only the bottom 40 on the second portion IL
- the first groove 31a opens on the two short side faces 21, 22 of the anode block 13a for the evacuation of gases accumulating under the anode.
- the maximum length L max of the first groove 31a in a plane parallel to the underside is therefore equal to the length L of the anode.
- the first groove 31a opens against the lower face 23 on a length L 0 small compared to the maximum length.
- L 0 must be less than half L max and preferably less than 25% L max and more preferably less than 10% of L max .
- the first groove 31a extends parallel and midway between the second grooves 32,33 so as to maximize the physical integrity and strength of the anode block 13a.
- the second grooves 32, 33 have a bottom 44 disposed at the same height in the anode block 13a as the bottom wall 42 of the first groove 31a.
- the anode block 13a as well as the anode formed from this anode block 13a allows an efficient and continuous evacuation of the gases forming in the electrolytic cell.
- Dotted lines in FIG. 2A, 2B also show recesses 51 forming locations inside which studs of "multipodes" can be fixed.
- the anode block 13a has more particularly six recesses 36 arranged in two rows. These recesses are also very shallow and therefore have little impact on the integrity of the structure of the anode block.
- the existence of the second portion II of the first groove 31a, which opens on the underside of the anode intended to be disposed facing an upper face of a cathode disposed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell is dictated by an adaptation in a conventional manner of manufacturing anode blocks.
- this second portion II is a source of weakening of the anode block, it attempts to reduce its length and therefore its impact so that the invention is limited to anode blocks in which the length Lo is less than half of L max , and preferably less than 25% L max and more preferably less than 10% L max .
- a conventional way of manufacturing an anode groove block is to introduce the constituent material of the anode block into a generally parallelepiped shaped mold and having one or more blades fixed in the bottom of the mold to form the grooves by complementarity.
- the material of the anode block is then compacted by pressurization or vibrotassage, the lateral faces of the mold raised and the anode block pushed beyond the bottom of the mold.
- the anode block is more particularly slid with respect to the blade or blades.
- the blade is removed before the thrust.
- This blade 46 more particularly comprises a means 48 for fastening the blade in the bottom of the mold.
- This means 48 for the attachment is more particularly constituted by screws.
- the portion of the blade used for this attachment corresponds more particularly to the second portion II of the first groove 31a.
- the blade 46 may further comprise for example a notch 50 complementary to a reversible fastening means provided in a side face of the mold.
- this attachment to an end opposite to the means 48 for fastening the blade 46 in the bottom of the mold allows a good retention of the blade in the mold, in particular vertically and / or laterally.
- This retention of the blade makes it possible to improve the quality of the manufacture of the anodes, in particular to reduce the rate of cracking of the anodes during cooking, and to increase the duration of use of the blade which is in fact less likely to occur. veil.
- the reversible fixing means are disengaged from the notch 50, the lateral faces of the mold are lifted and the anodic block is slid with respect to the blade 46.
- the blade can also be advantageously fixed relative to a side wall of the mold at the end of the blade near the means 48 for the attachment of the blade 46.
- a second means of reversible attachment which may for example be constituted by a groove formed in the side wall of the mold and in which slides and is housed at the end of the blade, also limits movement, deformation and wear of the blade .
- the blade 46 can be removably mounted in the mold so that the blade 46 can be removed from the anode block 13a before pushing the anode block 13a out of the mold.
- FIG. 5 shows another anode block 13b with a first groove 31b having a bottom 40 inclined relative to the horizontal so as to improve the gas evacuation speed and to promote the evacuation of gases towards a point particular of the electrolytic cell.
- the inclination of the bottom 40 relative to the horizontal is more particularly between 1 and 10 °.
- FIG. 6 shows another anode block 13c with a first groove 31c having a maximum length L ma ⁇ in a plane parallel to the lower face shorter than the length L of the anode block 13c and opening onto a single lateral face 22 of the anode block 13c.
- the length L 0 of the first groove 31c opening on the lower face 23 is less than half of L max to maintain the physical integrity and strength of the anode block while maintaining significant drainage properties of the gases.
- FIG. 7 shows another anode block 13d with a first groove 3 Id extending through the material of the anode block 13d between the two short side faces 21, 22 opposite without opening on the lower face 23 of the anode block 3 Id.
- a first groove 3 Id is particularly advantageous because it does not affect the integrity of the anodic block at the bottom face 23.
- the blade introduced into the mold of the vibrocompactor for molding the anode block is then hooked on the lateral faces of the mold and not at the bottom of the mold.
- the opposite side walls of the mold may for example have two slot-shaped holes within which the blade is slid, held in suspension and fixed by means of locking devices.
- a setting and withdrawal ram associated with a blade gripping device can be used to set up the blade in the mold prior to loading the constituent materials of the anode and remove it from the raw compacted anodic block and the front mold. unloading the mold.
- the invention also extends to an anode block comprising only one or more first grooves, without second grooves. The structural integrity of the anode block will then be close to an anode block without grooves and an improved evacuation of the gases will be obtained during the period when the (or) first groove will lead under the lower face over a substantial length.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but extends to all embodiments accessible in a simple manner to those skilled in the art with regard to the teaching given below.
- the bottom of the second grooves and the lower wall of the first groove may for example be provided at slightly different heights so that the first and second grooves coexist for a period of time or on the contrary that there is a time without effective groove after the wear of the second groove and the actual appearance of the first groove.
- the number of first (s) and / or second (s) grooves may vary, as well as their respective positions and / or orientations.
- FIG. 8A and 8B Another anode block 13e has thus been shown in FIG. 8A and 8B in front respectively of the short lateral face 21 and a long lateral face 34.
- the anode block 13e has two second grooves 32, 33 extending longitudinally and four first grooves 31e extending laterally and not opening on the underside 23.
- the first grooves 31e therefore extend transversely to the second grooves 32,33.
- the bottom 44 of the second grooves is advantageously disposed below the lower wall 42 of the first grooves 31e, which avoids weakening the resistance of the anode block 13e by intersecting the different grooves.
- second groove any groove of the type known from the prior art, opening on the underside for a length equal to or substantially equal to their maximum length.
- the second grooves may in particular be of the type known from the patent documents WO 2006/137739 or US 7 179 353.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0903722A FR2948689B1 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2009-07-29 | GROOVED ANODE OF ELECTROLYTIC TANK |
PCT/FR2010/000526 WO2011015718A1 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2010-07-21 | Grooved anode for an electrolysis tank |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2459777A1 true EP2459777A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
EP2459777B1 EP2459777B1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
Family
ID=42061134
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10747915.6A Not-in-force EP2459777B1 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2010-07-21 | Grooved anode for an electrolysis tank |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8628646B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2459777B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102471906B (en) |
AR (1) | AR077340A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010280677B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012001791A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2767480C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2948689B1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY159309A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ597852A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2559381C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011015718A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201200494B (en) |
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2009
- 2009-07-29 FR FR0903722A patent/FR2948689B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-07-21 AU AU2010280677A patent/AU2010280677B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-07-21 BR BR112012001791A patent/BR112012001791A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-21 EP EP10747915.6A patent/EP2459777B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-07-21 RU RU2012107482/02A patent/RU2559381C2/en active
- 2010-07-21 MY MYPI2012000382A patent/MY159309A/en unknown
- 2010-07-21 WO PCT/FR2010/000526 patent/WO2011015718A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-07-21 CA CA2767480A patent/CA2767480C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-21 CN CN201080033921.8A patent/CN102471906B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-21 US US13/387,575 patent/US8628646B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-21 NZ NZ597852A patent/NZ597852A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-29 AR ARP100102756A patent/AR077340A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2012
- 2012-01-20 ZA ZA2012/00494A patent/ZA201200494B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2011015718A1 * |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9261694B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2016-02-16 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
US9500853B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2016-11-22 | Snaptrack, Inc. | MEMS-based display apparatus |
US9336732B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2016-05-10 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US9135868B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2015-09-15 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Direct-view MEMS display devices and methods for generating images thereon |
US9158106B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2015-10-13 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display methods and apparatus |
US9274333B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2016-03-01 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Alignment methods in fluid-filled MEMS displays |
US9177523B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2015-11-03 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US9128277B2 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2015-09-08 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Mechanical light modulators with stressed beams |
US9176318B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2015-11-03 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing fluid-filled MEMS displays |
US9182587B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2015-11-10 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Manufacturing structure and process for compliant mechanisms |
US9116344B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2015-08-25 | Pixtronix, Inc. | MEMS anchors |
US9082353B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 | 2015-07-14 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US9134552B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-09-15 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus with narrow gap electrostatic actuators |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR077340A1 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
CA2767480A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
FR2948689B1 (en) | 2011-07-29 |
MY159309A (en) | 2016-12-30 |
EP2459777B1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
US20120125784A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
CN102471906A (en) | 2012-05-23 |
CA2767480C (en) | 2017-07-04 |
AU2010280677B2 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
WO2011015718A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
ZA201200494B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
RU2012107482A (en) | 2013-09-10 |
FR2948689A1 (en) | 2011-02-04 |
US8628646B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 |
AU2010280677A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
NZ597852A (en) | 2013-02-22 |
RU2559381C2 (en) | 2015-08-10 |
CN102471906B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
BR112012001791A2 (en) | 2017-09-12 |
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