EP2865466A1 - Method for modifying the surface structure of a metal body - Google Patents
Method for modifying the surface structure of a metal body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2865466A1 EP2865466A1 EP20130005046 EP13005046A EP2865466A1 EP 2865466 A1 EP2865466 A1 EP 2865466A1 EP 20130005046 EP20130005046 EP 20130005046 EP 13005046 A EP13005046 A EP 13005046A EP 2865466 A1 EP2865466 A1 EP 2865466A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal body
- metal
- heat treatment
- paste
- porosity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
- B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the modification of the surface structure of a metal body, more preferably for increasing surface porosity.
- Stainless austenitic steels after their manufacture frequently have a smooth metal surface without structure and can therefore be frequently wetted only with difficulty.
- This wetting characteristic has e.g. a major influence on the adhesion and durability of paints and coatings, i.e. the application of durable coatings on such surfaces proves difficult.
- biocompatible materials such as for example titanium are used for producing implants.
- a surface that is too smooth also results in problems such as poor contact between the implant and the human tissue in which the implant is implanted.
- Fe- or Co-based alloys also apply for other metal alloys with additions of Cr, Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, Mn and Si, and for Ta- and Ti-based alloys.
- the object of the present invention therefore is to present a method for increasing the surface porosity of a metal body of a metal or a metal alloy, especially comprising at least one of the metals Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Ti, Ta, Mo, Mn and Si.
- the present invention provides a cost effective way of superseding relatively expensive prior art methods.
- the method according to the invention provides a simple and highly effective way of modifying the surface structure of a metal body.
- a paste makes it possible to apply metal powder, which constitutes a component of such a paste, to complex surface structures.
- Such a paste can be applied to many internal and external surfaces of components, providing an even distribution of the metal powder.
- the term “paste” shall especially mean a viscous mixture or suspension of granular material (e.g. metal powder) within a background fluid (or base referred to as binder), preferably showing adhesive characteristics.
- the term “porosity” shall mean the fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume.
- the term “surface porosity” shall mean the fraction of the volume of voids within the surface layer over the total volume of the surface layer.
- the first heat treatment which serves, i.a. to remove the binder from the paste and thus from the surface of the metal body, is effected in such a way that the modified metal body surface has a porosity of 50% - 60%.
- the paste looses the binders forming a chemical sponge like solid structure holding the powders together, thereby creating a desired porosity,
- a porosity is expedient or at least sufficient.
- components for which such a porosity is sufficient, it is referred to e.g. components requiring minimum mechanical strength used for aesthetical purposes.
- At least one further heat treatment of the surface of the metal body is performed, in order to adjust a surface porosity provided by the first heat treatment.
- a surface porosity can be adjusted to for example 10% - 40%.
- the porosity can be adjusted. As is well known in the powder metal industry, increasing temperature will help particles to move towards the equilibrium therefore finally achieving non porous structures.
- the paste applied to the surface of the metal body is a MIM-paste.
- MIM-pastes are pastes, in which metal powders are combined with, for example, wax and/or plastics binders to produce a mixture, which, according to previous applications, was used in metal injection molding (MIM) processes, wherein usually such a MIM-paste is injected as a liquid into a hollow mold using plastic injection molding machines.
- MIM pastes contain chemicals to allow injection and the powders in the required alloy composition such as CATAMOLD® powders developed by BASF containing 0.4%C, 2%Ni and remaining Iron.
- the first and/or at least one further heat treatment is provided as a furnace treatment.
- furnace treatments are especially advantageous in connection with removal of binders as used in MIM-pastes, and also to perform sintering.
- sintering the metal powder provided on the surface of the metal body is heated to temperatures, which are not high enough to melt the metal body, but at which metal particles bind together and to the metal work piece.
- furnace atmospheres containing nitrogen (or argon) plus hydrogen will be used.
- a hydrogen content of between 1 and 100% can be required or expedient, depending on the alloy content.
- an alloy containing high chromium will need hydrogen contents higher than 75% or alloys containing copper may require as low as 1% hydrogen in the inert mixtures.
- the temperature ranges used in the process will typically lie between 500 and 1200°C depending on the alloy paste used for the particular application. The temperature can be advantageously determined by taking into consideration the melting point of the alloy being used.
- the method according to the invention provides a low cost surface coating opportunity. By adjusting surfaces to a desired porosity, and thus a higher surface area, it is possible to provide the surfaces of metal bodies with higher heat flux capabilities. Also, increase of nucleation sites will improve the pool boiling effects of the surface compared to untreated materials.
- the MIM pastes can actually be used in combination with brazing pastes at reduced brazing temperatures. This will provide proper joining of sheets forming the heat exchangers by employing the proper brazing pastes. These will melt and form the braze joint, whereas MIM pastes will basically sinter at these temperatures on the internal and external surfaces of the heat exchangers. Thus, surfaces with increased porosity and thus increased surface area are formed, whereby the heat exchanging capacity can be significantly enhanced.
- the first and/or at least one further heat treatment are performed in a defined gas atmosphere.
- the furnace atmosphere will contain reducing agents for metal oxides, thereby facilitating the removal of the oxides and thus assisting pure metal to pure metal powder surface contact and increasing the sintering capability.
- Advantageous applications for the method according to the invention are, for example, heat exchangers, boilers and medical implants.
- the metal body comprises at least one of the metals Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Ti, Ta, Mo, Mn and Si.
- a metal body (especially made of steel) is shown in various states, and designated 100. Initially, (see upper image) the metal body is its uncoated state. Herein, a surface porosity is typically too low for numerous applications.
- a paste 105 has been applied to the surface of the metal body, comprising a binder 110 and metal particals 114.
- the metal body 100 is shown after a heat treatment according to the invention, i.e. wherein the binder 110 has been removed by means of a heat treatment such as a furnace operation, and the metal particals 114 have sintered onto the surface of the metal body 100, here designated 114'.
- FIG. 2 A flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention is shown in Figure 2 .
- a metal body is provided, and coated with a paste comprising a binder and a metal powder, preferably an MIM-paste (step 210).
- a subsequent step 220 the metal body together with the paste is subjected to a first heat treatment, wherein the binder is removed from the paste and thus from the surface of the metal body, and the metal powder contained in the paste is sintered onto the surface of the metal body to provide a modified metal body surface.
- the modified metal body surface has a porosity of 50% - 60%.
- a subsequent step 230 the metal body is subjected to a further heat treatment, by means of which the porosity of the surface of the metal body is modified to 10% - 40%.
Abstract
- application of a paste (110), comprising a binder (112) and a metal powder (114) to a surface of the metal body (100),
- subjecting the metal body to a first heat treatment to remove the binder from the paste and to sinter the metal powder onto the surface of the metal body to provide a modified metal body surface.
Description
- The invention relates to a method for the modification of the surface structure of a metal body, more preferably for increasing surface porosity.
- Such a method is known from
EP 1 935 508 A1 . - Stainless austenitic steels after their manufacture frequently have a smooth metal surface without structure and can therefore be frequently wetted only with difficulty. This wetting characteristic has e.g. a major influence on the adhesion and durability of paints and coatings, i.e. the application of durable coatings on such surfaces proves difficult.
- In medical technology, biocompatible materials such as for example titanium are used for producing implants. With such implants, too, a surface that is too smooth also results in problems such as poor contact between the implant and the human tissue in which the implant is implanted.
- In the paper "Porous Metal Tubular Support for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Design", Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters Volume 9, No. 9, Pages A427 to A429, June 2006, a method for the manufacture of a porous nickel tube is described. To this end, the nickel tube is initially oxidized and subsequently reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere.
- The formation of nickel pores at certain temperatures and after certain times is assumed to be due to special relations between the thermal stability of the NiO and the diffusion rates of nickel and oxygen atoms in nickel metal and in NiO.
- Contrary to the oxidation of nickel, in Fe or Co containing metals, not only one oxide but more oxides of the type MO, M2O3 and M3O4, with M = Fe or Co, with different thermal stabilities are formed depending on the oxidation temperature. In addition, in Fe-based or Co-based alloys, oxides formed by alloying elements such as Cr, Mo, Mn, and Si may be formed which make the picture even more complex. During reduction, the diffusion of Fe or Co and of the alloying elements in the matrix and in the oxides creates an extremely complicated picture.
- The same arguments as for Fe- or Co-based alloys also apply for other metal alloys with additions of Cr, Fe, Cu, Co, Mo, Mn and Si, and for Ta- and Ti-based alloys.
- The object of the present invention therefore is to present a method for increasing the surface porosity of a metal body of a metal or a metal alloy, especially comprising at least one of the metals Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Ti, Ta, Mo, Mn and Si.
- This object is achieved through a method for the modification of the surface structure of a metal body, comprising the features of claim 1.
- The present invention provides a cost effective way of superseding relatively expensive prior art methods. The method according to the invention provides a simple and highly effective way of modifying the surface structure of a metal body. Especially, use of a paste makes it possible to apply metal powder, which constitutes a component of such a paste, to complex surface structures. Such a paste can be applied to many internal and external surfaces of components, providing an even distribution of the metal powder.
- For the purpose of this disclosure, the term "paste" shall especially mean a viscous mixture or suspension of granular material (e.g. metal powder) within a background fluid (or base referred to as binder), preferably showing adhesive characteristics. The term "porosity" shall mean the fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume. Especially, the term "surface porosity" shall mean the fraction of the volume of voids within the surface layer over the total volume of the surface layer.
- Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
- Advantageously, the first heat treatment, which serves, i.a. to remove the binder from the paste and thus from the surface of the metal body, is effected in such a way that the modified metal body surface has a porosity of 50% - 60%. During this process step the paste looses the binders forming a chemical sponge like solid structure holding the powders together, thereby creating a desired porosity, For many applications, such a porosity is expedient or at least sufficient. As examples for components, for which such a porosity is sufficient, it is referred to e.g. components requiring minimum mechanical strength used for aesthetical purposes.
- According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one further heat treatment of the surface of the metal body is performed, in order to adjust a surface porosity provided by the first heat treatment. Especially, depending on a temperature (sintering temperature) and/or pressure used for the further heat treatment, a surface porosity can be adjusted to for example 10% - 40%. Depending on the temperature of the further process the porosity can be adjusted. As is well known in the powder metal industry, increasing temperature will help particles to move towards the equilibrium therefore finally achieving non porous structures.
- According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the paste applied to the surface of the metal body is a MIM-paste. MIM-pastes are pastes, in which metal powders are combined with, for example, wax and/or plastics binders to produce a mixture, which, according to previous applications, was used in metal injection molding (MIM) processes, wherein usually such a MIM-paste is injected as a liquid into a hollow mold using plastic injection molding machines. MIM pastes contain chemicals to allow injection and the powders in the required alloy composition such as CATAMOLD® powders developed by BASF containing 0.4%C, 2%Ni and remaining Iron.
- Preferably, the first and/or at least one further heat treatment is provided as a furnace treatment. Such furnace treatments are especially advantageous in connection with removal of binders as used in MIM-pastes, and also to perform sintering. In sintering, the metal powder provided on the surface of the metal body is heated to temperatures, which are not high enough to melt the metal body, but at which metal particles bind together and to the metal work piece.
- Typically, furnace atmospheres containing nitrogen (or argon) plus hydrogen will be used. A hydrogen content of between 1 and 100% can be required or expedient, depending on the alloy content. E.g. an alloy containing high chromium will need hydrogen contents higher than 75% or alloys containing copper may require as low as 1% hydrogen in the inert mixtures. The temperature ranges used in the process will typically lie between 500 and 1200°C depending on the alloy paste used for the particular application. The temperature can be advantageously determined by taking into consideration the melting point of the alloy being used.
- The method according to the invention provides a low cost surface coating opportunity. By adjusting surfaces to a desired porosity, and thus a higher surface area, it is possible to provide the surfaces of metal bodies with higher heat flux capabilities. Also, increase of nucleation sites will improve the pool boiling effects of the surface compared to untreated materials.
- Also, it is possible to use the method according to the invention in connection with brazing applications for heat exchanger materials. The MIM pastes can actually be used in combination with brazing pastes at reduced brazing temperatures. This will provide proper joining of sheets forming the heat exchangers by employing the proper brazing pastes. These will melt and form the braze joint, whereas MIM pastes will basically sinter at these temperatures on the internal and external surfaces of the heat exchangers. Thus, surfaces with increased porosity and thus increased surface area are formed, whereby the heat exchanging capacity can be significantly enhanced.
- Advantageously, the first and/or at least one further heat treatment are performed in a defined gas atmosphere. The furnace atmosphere will contain reducing agents for metal oxides, thereby facilitating the removal of the oxides and thus assisting pure metal to pure metal powder surface contact and increasing the sintering capability.
- Advantageous applications for the method according to the invention are, for example, heat exchangers, boilers and medical implants.
- Advantageously, the metal body comprises at least one of the metals Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Ti, Ta, Mo, Mn and Si.
- The invention will now be further explained referring to the accompanying figures. Herein,
-
Figure 1 schematically shows the application of the invention to a metal body made of steel, and -
Figure 2 shows a diagram according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention. - In
Figure 1 , a metal body (especially made of steel) is shown in various states, and designated 100. Initially, (see upper image) the metal body is its uncoated state. Herein, a surface porosity is typically too low for numerous applications. - In the middle image, a
paste 105 has been applied to the surface of the metal body, comprising a binder 110 andmetal particals 114. - In the lower image, the
metal body 100 is shown after a heat treatment according to the invention, i.e. wherein the binder 110 has been removed by means of a heat treatment such as a furnace operation, and themetal particals 114 have sintered onto the surface of themetal body 100, here designated 114'. - A flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention is shown in
Figure 2 . Here, in a step 200 a metal body is provided, and coated with a paste comprising a binder and a metal powder, preferably an MIM-paste (step 210). - In a
subsequent step 220, the metal body together with the paste is subjected to a first heat treatment, wherein the binder is removed from the paste and thus from the surface of the metal body, and the metal powder contained in the paste is sintered onto the surface of the metal body to provide a modified metal body surface. - Preferably, after
step 220, the modified metal body surface has a porosity of 50% - 60%. - In a
subsequent step 230 the metal body is subjected to a further heat treatment, by means of which the porosity of the surface of the metal body is modified to 10% - 40%.
Claims (7)
- Method for modifying the surface structure of a metal body (100), comprising the following steps:- application of a paste (110), comprising a binder (112) and a metal powder (114) to a surface of the metal body (100),- subjecting the metal body (100) to a first heat treatment to remove the binder from the paste and to sinter the metal powder onto the surface of the metal body (100) to provide a modified metal body surface.
- Method according to claim 1, wherein the first heat treatment is effected in such a way that the modified metal body surface has a porosity 50% - 60%.
- Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising at least one further heat treatment of the surface of the metal body (100) in order to adjust a surface porosity generated by the first heat treatment.
- Method according to claim 3, wherein the at least one further heat treatment, especially one second heat treatment, is effected in such a way that the modified surface of the metal body has a porosity of 10% - 40%.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the paste (110) applied to the surface of the metal workpiece (100) is a MIM-paste.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and/or the at least one further heat treatment is are furnace treatments.
- Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and/or the at least one further heat treatment is are performed in a defined gas atmosphere.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20130005046 EP2865466A1 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Method for modifying the surface structure of a metal body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20130005046 EP2865466A1 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Method for modifying the surface structure of a metal body |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2865466A1 true EP2865466A1 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
Family
ID=49474192
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20130005046 Withdrawn EP2865466A1 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2013-10-22 | Method for modifying the surface structure of a metal body |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2865466A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110560695A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Titanium-based functional gradient material with porous surface and preparation method thereof |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3855638A (en) * | 1970-06-04 | 1974-12-24 | Ontario Research Foundation | Surgical prosthetic device with porous metal coating |
US20010033804A1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2001-10-25 | An Jung Soo | Abrasive dressing tool and method for manufacturing the tool |
EP1229599A2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-07 | SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. | Manufacturing method for sintered substrate of alkaline storage battery |
US20040124231A1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2004-07-01 | Hasz Wayne Charles | Method for coating a substrate |
EP1935508A1 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing porous surfaces on metal components |
-
2013
- 2013-10-22 EP EP20130005046 patent/EP2865466A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3855638A (en) * | 1970-06-04 | 1974-12-24 | Ontario Research Foundation | Surgical prosthetic device with porous metal coating |
US20040124231A1 (en) * | 1999-06-29 | 2004-07-01 | Hasz Wayne Charles | Method for coating a substrate |
US20010033804A1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2001-10-25 | An Jung Soo | Abrasive dressing tool and method for manufacturing the tool |
EP1229599A2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2002-08-07 | SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. | Manufacturing method for sintered substrate of alkaline storage battery |
EP1935508A1 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing porous surfaces on metal components |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Porous Metal Tubular Support for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Design", ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID-STATE LETTERS, vol. 9, no. 9, June 2006 (2006-06-01), pages A427 - A429 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110560695A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-12-13 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Titanium-based functional gradient material with porous surface and preparation method thereof |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4639224B2 (en) | Metal foam having open pore structure and method for producing the same | |
TWI252787B (en) | Powder metal scrolls | |
JP5102814B2 (en) | High strength dissimilar metal joining method of steel alloy and titanium or titanium alloy using intermediate layer having joining strength exceeding base material strength, and steel alloy and titanium or titanium alloy joined by the method High strength bonding alloy containing | |
Mandal et al. | Correlation between the mechanical properties and the microstructural behaviour of Al2O3–(Ag–Cu–Ti) brazed joints | |
JP4137886B2 (en) | Discharge surface treatment electrode, discharge surface treatment method, and discharge surface treatment apparatus | |
US9279186B2 (en) | Metal member manufacturing method and metal member | |
EP2214851A1 (en) | Open cell, porous material, and a method of, and mixture for, making same | |
JP2012036503A (en) | Open-porous metal foam and method for manufacturing the same | |
CN101195916B (en) | Method for producing porous surfaces on metal components | |
US5848350A (en) | Nickel-free stainless steel alloy processible through metal injection molding techniques to produce articles intended for use in contact with the human body | |
CN106132598B (en) | The manufacturing method of porous aluminum sintered body and porous aluminum sintered body | |
JP2010215951A (en) | Sintered composite sliding component and manufacturing method therefor | |
EP2865466A1 (en) | Method for modifying the surface structure of a metal body | |
WO1998002271A1 (en) | Alloy foil for liquid-phase diffusion bonding bondable in oxidizing atmosphere | |
JPH01198407A (en) | Complex layer sintered sliding member having cast iron-made backing metal | |
Bahador et al. | Defocusing effects of laser beam on the weldability of powder metallurgy Ti-based shape memory alloys | |
JP4608220B2 (en) | Discharge surface treatment electrode and discharge surface treatment method | |
JPS6146521B2 (en) | ||
Ohmi et al. | Formation of Intermetallic-Lined Microchannels in Sintered Metals by Local Reactive Infiltration | |
JPS60500376A (en) | Surface deformed powder metal parts and how to manufacture them | |
JPS62199256A (en) | Junction method between metallic carbide and alloy | |
WO2022191142A1 (en) | Composite sintered body, method for manufacturing same, and bonding material | |
WO2024053418A1 (en) | Method for producing metal member and metal member | |
JP5338153B2 (en) | Member joining method and joining material | |
Taylor | Sintering of Extrusion-based 3D-Printed Ni-based Shape Memory Alloy Wires and Micro-trusses |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20131022 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
R17P | Request for examination filed (corrected) |
Effective date: 20151029 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
18W | Application withdrawn |
Effective date: 20151114 |