EP2918738A1 - Ventilation device for a riser with a device for preventing stagnant water and method for operating a water supply - Google Patents

Abstract

A ventilation device (1) is used for closing the end of a riser (2) and has a vent valve, which blocks the escape of water from the riser (2) and allows access of air at pressure drop in the riser (2). According to the invention, the ventilation device (1) comprises a device for reducing the stagnation of water in the riser (2) comprising a vent line bypassing the vent valve (16) shut off by a drain valve (14), the drain valve (14) being manual and / or by a control device (5) is actuated. Alternatively, a device for reducing the stagnation of water in a riser (2) enclosed with a ventilation device (1) is provided with a discharge line (16) bypassing the ventilation valve, which is shut off by a drain valve (14) which can be actuated by a control device (5) in that the control device (5) is configured to automatically open and close the drain valve (14) in a time-dependent manner, so that water can run out of the riser (2) within a predetermined amount within a predetermined period of time.

Description

The invention relates to a ventilation device for the end closure of a riser, wherein the ventilation device has a the outlet of water from the riser blocking and pressure drop in the riser the access of air ermöglichendes ventilation valve. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for reducing the stagnation of water in a closed with such a ventilation device riser, and a method for operating a water supply in a building, in which a connected to the lines for water supply riser end with a the outlet of water the riser is closed and the ventilation valve is closed in case of pressure drop in the riser pipe.

Risers in the water installation of buildings are secured with a so-called aerator against sucking back of non-drinking water at pressure drop in the supply area. For this purpose, a vertical riser is usually branched off from the uppermost horizontal water supply line, or an existing riser is extended beyond the last floor branch and connected at the upper end of the aerator. The aerator has a venting the outlet of water from the wiring harness and in case of pressure drop in the wiring harness the access of air enabling ventilation. Such pipe aerators for Endstrangbelüftung are for example from the patent DE 1 144 209 and the utility model DE 94 05 108 known.

Due to the function of the aerator no exchange of the water in the riser to the aerator takes place over a long period of time (stagnation water). This According to current investigations, it can lead to bacterial contamination of the water and represents a burden or endangering to the user of the plant.

The object of the invention is therefore to reduce stagnation in the riser or to avoid.

This object is achieved by a ventilation device for the end-side closing of a riser with the features of claim 1, a device for reducing the stagnation of water in a closed with a ventilation device riser with the features of claim 7 and a method for operating a water supply in a building solved with the features of claim 15.

The ventilation device for the end-side closing of a riser, which has a venting the outlet of water from the riser and the pressure drop in the riser air permitting ventilation valve according to the invention is characterized in that the ventilation device comprises means for reducing the stagnation of water in the Includes riser, wherein the means for reducing the stagnation comprises a bypass valve bypassing the vent valve, which is shut off from a drain valve, wherein the drain valve is actuated manually and / or by a control device. "Reducing the stagnation of water" means here a reduction in the amount of water staying in the riser for an extended period of time and / or its life in the riser. Preferably, a "prevention of stagnation" of the water is sought, so a complete replacement of the water before it can stay in the riser over a longer period. A "longer period of time" is a period of time in which, under the given conditions, such as water quality, water temperature and material of the pipe inner wall, there is a danger of an increase of harmful microorganisms beyond a critical concentration.

By providing the venting line bypassing the venting valve, deterioration of the venting function of the venting device is easily avoided. In addition, this allows retrofitting existing conventional ventilation systems without structural intervention outside the ventilation systems.

In one embodiment, the drain valve may include a manually operable mechanical device for opening the drain valve. Preferably, a control device is provided, with the aid of which the drain valve is automatically actuated.

In a preferred embodiment, the control device is configured so that it opens the drain valve automatically after each predetermined time intervals for a respective predetermined opening duration, wherein the predetermined opening duration is selected so that each amount of water can drain from the riser, which is greater than that of the Rising line recorded Stagnationswassermenge is. This ensures a complete replacement of the stagnant water with each draining process (also called flushing process).

The respective predetermined time intervals and the respective predetermined opening times need not be constant; they may vary depending on water consumption, ambient temperature and other factors. Preferably, however, the controller is configured to automatically open the drain valve repeatedly after a predetermined time interval for a predetermined opening duration. This simplifies the controller and reduces the power consumption needed to control.

In one embodiment, the predetermined time interval and / or the predetermined opening duration can be preset to those values that ensure sufficient flushing of the riser under all conceivable operating conditions. Another embodiment of the ventilation device is characterized in that the control device has adjustment means with which the predetermined time interval and / or the predetermined opening duration are adjustable continuously or in predetermined stages. These Adjustments allow adaptation to the conditions of the installation site, such as the diameter and length of the riser, the quality of the incoming water or the ambient temperature.

A preferred embodiment of the ventilation device according to the invention is characterized by a local energy storage, which supplies the control device and a controlled by the controller drive the drain valve with energy. This simplifies the retrofitting of the ventilation device according to the invention in places where no connection to a power supply network is available.

In a further development of this ventilation device, the drive controlled by the control device moves the drain valve both into the open position and into the closed position, the drain valve remaining in the respective position without the drive consuming energy. This reduces power consumption compared to a drive which must be constantly energized during the opening of the bleed valve and which then moves back automatically (e.g., due to the action of a biased spring) to the closed position.

In a preferred development of this embodiment, the control device has a sensor device for detecting a state of charge of the energy store and is configured so that it opens the drain valve only if the energy stored in the energy store also for the subsequent driving of the drive to close the drain valve sufficient. This avoids an unwanted permanent opening of the drain valve when emptying the energy storage at or after the opening of the drain valve.

In the device according to the invention for reducing the stagnation of water in a riser closed with a ventilation device, wherein the ventilation device comprises a venting the outlet of water from the riser and venting in air in the riser enabling air valve, is a bypass valve bypassing the vent valve provided by one is shut off by a control device operable drain valve, wherein the control device is configured so that it automatically opens the drain valve time-dependent and closes again, so that water in a predetermined amount within a predetermined period of time can drain from the riser.

In a preferred embodiment, the control device is configured so that it opens the drain valve automatically after each predetermined time intervals for a respective predetermined opening duration, wherein the predetermined opening duration is selected so that each amount of water can drain from the riser, which is greater than that of the Rising line recorded Stagnationswassermenge is.

The respective predetermined time intervals and the respective predetermined opening times need not be constant; they may vary depending on water consumption, ambient temperature and other factors. Preferably, however, the controller is configured to automatically open the drain valve repeatedly after a predetermined time interval for a predetermined opening duration. This simplifies the controller and reduces the power consumption required for control.

In one embodiment of the device, the control device has setting means with which the predetermined time interval and / or the predetermined opening duration can be adjusted continuously or in predetermined stages. These settings allow adaptation to the conditions of the installation site, such as the quality of the incoming water or the ambient temperature.

A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized by a local energy storage, which supplies the control device and a controlled by the controller drive the drain valve with energy. This simplifies the retrofitting of the device according to the invention in places where no connection to a power supply network is available.

In a further development of this device, the drive controlled by the control device moves the drain valve both in the open position as well as in the closed position, wherein the drain valve remains in the respective position, without the drive consumes energy. This reduces the energy consumption compared to a drive, which must be constantly supplied with power during the opening of the drain valve and then automatically moves back (eg due to the action of a biased spring) in the closed position.

In a preferred development of this embodiment, the control device has a sensor device for detecting a state of charge of the energy store and is configured so that it opens the drain valve only if the energy stored in the energy store also for the subsequent driving of the drive to close the drain valve sufficient. This avoids an unwanted permanent opening of the drain valve when emptying the energy storage at or after the opening of the drain valve.

A further development of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the control device is coupled to a manually operable switching device and is configured so that it automatically opens the discharge valve for a predetermined opening duration upon detecting an actuation of the switching device, wherein the predetermined opening duration is selected such that a Amount of water can drain from the riser, which is greater than the recorded by the riser Stagnationswassermenge. This development allows in addition to the automatic flushing of the riser a manually triggered flushing. In a preferred development of this embodiment, the switching device comprises a proximity sensor, which can detect the approach of the hand of an operator. Thus, the operator can initiate a flushing process by approaching the hand to the sensor.

Preferably, the drain line is branched off from the riser immediately before the vent valve, for example, within the housing of the ventilation device immediately below the vent valve. This avoids water-filled Areas that are not reached during the flushing process and thus contain stagnant water.

In the method according to the invention for operating a water supply in a building, a riser connected to the lines for water supply is closed at the upper end with a venting the outlet of water from the riser and the pressure drop in the riser air supply enabling vent valve, a vent valve bypassing drain line for discharging water from the riser closed by an actuatable by a control valve drain valve and the drain valve automatically opened time-dependent by the control device and closed again, so that water in a predetermined amount within a predetermined period of time can drain from the riser. The discharge of the predetermined amount in the given period can be done by discharging lesser amounts at shorter intervals or larger amounts at longer intervals. Also, the amounts and / or the time intervals may vary as long as a predetermined minimum amount per time interval can run.

Preferably, the discharge valve is automatically opened by the control device after each predetermined time intervals for a respective predetermined opening duration, wherein the predetermined opening duration is selected so that in each case a quantity of water can drain from the riser, which is greater than the stagnation water absorbed by the riser. In this embodiment, it is ensured that all stagnation water is flushed out of the riser.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of this method, the discharge valve is automatically opened repeatedly after a predetermined time interval for a predetermined opening duration. The always same time intervals simplify the control and thus reduce the power consumption of the control device.

In one embodiment, the predetermined time interval and / or the predetermined opening duration are adjusted continuously or in predetermined stages by an operator. This allows easy adaptation of the operating procedure to the ambient conditions.

A development of the method is characterized in that the control device and a drive of the discharge valve controlled by the control device are supplied with energy by a local energy store. This simplifies the retrofitting in places where no connection to a power grid is available.

Preferably, the discharge valve is moved by the drive controlled by the control device to both the open position and the closed position and remains in the respective position, without energy being consumed by the drive. This reduces power consumption compared to a drive which must be constantly energized during the opening of the bleed valve and which then moves back automatically (e.g., due to the action of a biased spring) to the closed position.

In a preferred development, the drain valve is only opened by the control device if the energy stored in the energy store is also sufficient for the subsequent activation of the drive to close the drain valve. This avoids an unwanted permanent opening of the drain valve when emptying the energy storage at or after the opening of the drain valve.

Advantageous and / or preferred developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

• Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Belüftungsvorrichtung mit einer Seitenansicht eines auf das obere Ende einer Steigleitung aufgesetzten Rohrentlüfters mit Leckwasserüberlauf und Ablass-Bypass und einer Perspektivansicht einer über eine Kabelverbindung angekoppelten batteriegestützten Steuereinheit;
• Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf den in Fig. 1 gezeigten Rohrentlüfter mit Leckwasserüberlauf und Ablass-Bypass; und
• Fig. 3 eine Schnittansicht des in Fig. 1 gezeigten Rohrentlüfters mit Leckwasserüberlauf und Ablass-Bypass.

In the following the invention will be described with reference to a preferred embodiment shown in the drawings. In the drawings show:

• Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the ventilation device according to the invention with a side view of a patch on the upper end of a riser pipe vent with leak water overflow and drain bypass and a perspective view of a coupled via a cable connection battery-based control unit;
• Fig. 2 a top view of the in Fig. 1 shown pipe breather with leak water overflow and drain bypass; and
• Fig. 3 a sectional view of the in Fig. 1 shown pipe breather with leak water overflow and drain bypass.

The schematic representation of FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the ventilation device according to the invention, which is connected to the upper end of a riser 2. The riser 2 is at a (not in FIG. 1 shown) water supply network of a building connected and forms its uppermost point. The ventilation device comprises a pipe vent 1 with a ventilation valve contained in the housing 10, which blocks the escape of water from the riser 2, but at the same time allows the access of air at a pressure drop in the riser 2. For example, when closing and momentary opening of the ventilation valve, it may happen that water exits in small quantities. For this purpose, a leak water overflow 11 is connected to the upper end of the housing 10 containing the vent valve, which discharges the above emerging from the housing 10 leakage water via a arranged next to the housing 10, downwardly facing outlet opening. The water emerging from the outlet opening falls down into a collecting funnel 3, which is connected to a sewer line 4. Also, conventional ventilation devices may include a housing containing a vent valve, a leak water overflow, and a hopper connected to a sewer pipe.

The inventively modified housing 10 is enclosed by a Belüftermantel 13, which contains a solenoid valve 14. From the interior of the housing 10 below the vent valve disposed therein performs a bypass line through the Belüftermantel 13 to the solenoid valve 14. The solenoid valve 14 blocks a passage from the bypass line to a coupled to a connector 15 drain pipe 16. The drain pipe 16 leads from the connector 15 to an outlet opening arranged next to the outlet opening of the leak water overflow 11, wherein the end of the drain pipe located at the outlet opening 16 is connected via a fastening clip 17 with the leak water overflow 11. The outlet opening of the drain pipe 16 is arranged so that the water exiting from it falls into the collecting funnel 3 of the sewer 4.

If the solenoid valve 14 is opened, water flows from the interior of the housing 10 below the venting valve and above the riser 2 via the disposed in Belüftermantel 13 bypass and the solenoid valve 14 and the drain pipe 16 into the collecting funnel 3 of the sewer line 4. In this way contained in the riser 2 water, which was in it for a long period, derived through the bypass and the drain pipe 16 into the sewer and replaced by fresh water flowing from below.

The electrical connections of the solenoid valve 14 are covered by a cap 18. The cap 18 has an opening with a cable strain relief 19 through which a cable 6 exits. As it is in FIG. 1 The control module 5 contains in a housing 31 a control unit 30 and a battery 32. The control unit 30 is connected via the cable 6 to the solenoid valve 14 in order to control this. The housing 31 contains a cable bushing with strain relief 33 for the cable 6. The battery 32 supplies the control unit 30 and via the cable 6 and the solenoid valve 14 with the energy required for controlling and driving. The control unit 30 is provided with means that allow actuation and / or adjustment of parameters of the control device 30. In FIG. 1 schematically shown is a suitable for actuation by the hand of an operator approach sensor 34, which consists of a in FIG. 1 not shown upper shell of the housing 31 protrudes through a corresponding opening.

FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the in FIG. 1 shown vent tube 1 with the ventilation valve receiving housing 10, the leak water overflow 11, the Belüftermantel 13 with the solenoid valve 14 and the coupled to the solenoid valve 14 via the connector 15 drain pipe 16, with the clip 17 at the leak water overflow 11 is attached. It also recognizes a screw plug 12 of the leak water overflow 11, with the help of the leak water overflow 11 can be opened after disassembly of the drain pipe 16 to allow maintenance of the additional in the leak water overflow stop valve 11.

FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the in FIG. 1 As in the case of a conventional pipe ventilator, the pipe ventilator 1 according to the invention has an aerator housing 10 to be fastened to the upper end of the riser 2 for receiving a ventilation valve and a leak water overflow 11 mounted thereon. The housing 10 is fastened with its projection 28 on the riser. The penetrating from the riser 2 water hits inside the housing 10 on a trained as a float and seal body plastic hollow ball 23, which rests in the deflated state on a support. The plastic hollow ball 23 is pushed by the incoming water upwards and meets here on a circular seal 22, so that the hollow ball 23 and the seal 22 together form a vent valve. The details of the receptacle and arrangement of the hollow ball 23 and the seal 22 will not be described in detail here, since these are known from the prior art.

Above the seal 22, the housing 10 has an outlet for leakage water. On this upper side of the housing 10, a leak water overflow 11 is mounted, which has an above the seal 22 of the housing 10 arranged inlet opening. Any leaking water enters the interior of the leak water overflow 11 and there may flow a ball 21 against a suitable seal, which together form a further valve against leakage of water leakage. Leakage water exiting due to activation continues to flow to a downwardly opening of the leak water overflow 11 and from there to the in FIG. 1 shown receiving hopper 3 of the sewer line 4 flow. The leak water overflow 11 has a guide device 20 for guiding the ball 21. On the back is the guide interior the leak water overflow 11 closed by a screw plug 12.

According to the invention, radially outwardly leading bores 24 are introduced into the housing 10 below the ventilation valve formed by the ball 23 and the seal 22, the housing 10 being tightly enclosed by the ventilator jacket 13 in this area. The aerator 13 has in this embodiment, an inner groove which forms a bore 24 encompassing the annular channel in which the water derived from the bores 24 to a provided in the Belüftermantel 13, leading to the solenoid valve 14 bore 25 is passed. Instead of the annular channel formed by the inner groove and the additional bore 25 may also be any other connection channel between the holes 24 and the valve may be formed, for example, the inner groove may be formed so deep that it extends to a valve chamber. The solenoid valve 14 with its electromechanical actuator 26 (solenoid) is disposed between the bore 25 and a flow restrictor 27. At the flow limiter 27, the connector 15 connects, which receives the drain pipe 16. In a simpler embodiment, the flow restrictor 27 may also be omitted. When the solenoid valve 14 is open, the water from the interior of the housing 10 below the vent valve 22, 23 via the holes 24, the bore 25, the flow restrictor 27 and the drain pipe 16 is derived.

The solenoid valve 14 is a so-called bistable solenoid valve, which remains either in the open or the closed position, as long as it is no longer supplied with energy (for example, supplied with electricity). It is acted upon only for the change from one to the other state with drive energy.

The particular modified by the bores 24 housing 10, the Belüftermantel 13 with the solenoid valve 14 and the coupled via a connector 15 drainage pipe 16 with the clip 17 together form a device for reducing stagnant water in the riser, said device can be easily retrofitted in a conventional aerator. This device is also called discharge device or Spülwasserablauf.

The control unit 30 includes a control circuit with energy-saving operable devices comprising a microcontroller. The microcontroller is operated by a control program stored in a nonvolatile memory contained therein. The processed by the microcontroller control program ensures that at regular intervals, for example, every 72 hours, the solenoid valve 14 is opened for a predetermined period, for example for half a minute. The opening time is taking into account the length and the diameter of the riser 2 (that is, the amount of water contained therein), the flow limitation by the flow restrictor 27 (if present) and the water pressure so dimensioned that the exiting amount of water is preferably greater than that in the Riser 2 accumulated amount of water. This ensures a complete replacement of the stagnant water. In another embodiment, an even higher amount of water can be adjusted, so that a further flushing of the riser is ensured after drainage of Stagnationswassers. The duration of the interval between two successive flushes is adjusted so that overall the lowest possible energy consumption is ensured in compliance with the prescribed for hygiene reasons flushing intervals.

In a preferred embodiment, the control unit 30 is provided with a sensor or a circuit for detecting the state of charge or remaining charge of the battery 32. In order to ensure that the solenoid valve 14 can be closed again after each opening and the required residual energy is contained in the battery 32, the control unit 30 is configured so that it opens the solenoid valve 14 only if previously detected, the amount of residual charge in the battery 32 is sufficient for resealing the solenoid valve 14.

In another preferred embodiment, the control unit 30 has a sensor, for example a capacitive proximity sensor 34, which detects the approach of a hand and interprets it as an actuation request. In such an actuation of the control unit (regardless of the regular flushing intervals) an additional flushing of the riser 2 and thus a functional check is initiated.

Numerous alternative embodiments are conceivable within the scope of the inventive concept. For example, instead of the leak water overflow, which drains the leak water into a funnel of a sewer, a sewer pipe could be directly coupled. In this case, the drain pipe would be fed directly into the sewer. Instead of the solenoid valve or in addition to the solenoid valve could still be provided a mechanically actuated valve.

Claims (19)

Ventilation device (1) for the end closure of a riser (2), wherein the ventilation device (1) a venting the outlet of water from the riser (2) and upon pressure drop in the riser (2) the access of air enabling ventilation valve (22, 23 ) having,
characterized,
in that the ventilation device (1) contains a device for reducing the stagnation of water in the riser (2), the device for reducing the stagnation comprising a vent line (24, 25, 16) bypassing the ventilation valve (22, 23) a drain valve (14) is shut off, wherein the drain valve (14) manually and / or by a control device (30) is actuated. Ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (30) is configured so that it opens the drain valve (14) automatically after each predetermined time intervals for a respective predetermined opening duration, wherein the predetermined opening period is selected so that in each case an amount of water the riser (2) can run, which is greater than the Stagnationswassermenge received from the riser. Ventilation device according to claim 2, characterized in that the control device (30) is configured so that it automatically opens the discharge valve (14) repeatedly after a predetermined time interval for a predetermined opening period. Ventilation device according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized by a local energy store (32), the control device (30) and one of the control device (30) controlled drive (26) of the drain valve (14) is energized. Ventilation device according to claim 4, characterized in that the drive (26) controlled by the control device (30) moves the drain valve (14) both to the open position and to the closed position, the drain valve (14) remaining in the respective position without the drive (26) consuming energy. Ventilation device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control device (30) has a sensor device for detecting a state of charge of the energy store (32) and is configured so that it opens the drain valve (14) only if the energy stored in the (32) stored energy is also sufficient for the subsequent driving of the drive (26) for closing the drain valve (14). Device for reducing the stagnation of water in a riser (2) closed by a ventilation device (1),
wherein the ventilation device (1) comprises a venting valve (22, 23) blocking the discharge of water from the riser pipe (2) and allowing access of air when there is a pressure drop in the riser pipe (2),
wherein a venting line (24, 25, 16) bypassing the venting valve (22, 23) is provided, which is shut off by a venting valve (14) which can be actuated by a control device (30),
wherein the control device (30) is configured to automatically open and close the drain valve (14) in a time-dependent manner so that water in a predetermined amount can drain from the riser (2) within a predetermined period of time. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the control device (30) is configured so that it opens the drain valve (14) automatically after each predetermined time intervals for a respective predetermined opening duration, wherein the predetermined opening duration is selected so that in each case a quantity of water the riser (2) can run, which is greater than the recorded by the riser (2) Stagnationswassermenge. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the control device (30) is configured so that it automatically opens the discharge valve (14) repeatedly after a predetermined time interval for a predetermined opening period. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the control device (30) has adjusting means (34) with which the predetermined time interval and / or the predetermined opening duration are adjustable continuously or in predetermined stages. Device according to one of claims 7 - 10, characterized by a local energy store (32) which supplies the control device (30) and one of the control device (30) controlled drive (26) of the drain valve (14) with energy. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the drive (26) controlled by the control device (30) moves the drain valve (14) both to the open position and to the closed position, the drain valve (14) remaining in the respective position without the drive (26) consuming energy and the controller (30) having sensor means for sensing a state of charge of the energy store (32) and being configured to open the bleed valve (14) only when in the energy store (32) stored Energy is also sufficient for the subsequent driving of the drive (26) for closing the drain valve (14). Device according to one of claims 7 - 12, characterized in that the control device (30) coupled to a manually operable switching device and is configured so that upon detection of an actuation of the switching device, the discharge valve (14) opens automatically for a predetermined opening period the predetermined opening duration is selected so that an amount of water from the riser (2) can run, which is greater than the amount of stagnant water absorbed by the riser (2). Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the switching device comprises a proximity sensor which can detect the approach of the hand of an operator. Method for operating a water supply in a building, wherein
a riser connected to the pipes for water supply is closed at the upper end with a venting the outlet of water from the riser and the pressure drop in the riser air supply enabling vent valve,
a vent line bypassing the vent line for venting water from the riser is blocked by a control valve operable by a drain valve, and
the discharge valve is automatically opened by the control device in a time-dependent manner and is closed again, so that water can run off the riser in a predetermined amount within a predetermined period of time. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the discharge valve is automatically opened by the control device after each predetermined time intervals for a respective predetermined opening duration, wherein the predetermined Opening duration is chosen so that in each case an amount of water can drain from the riser, which is greater than the stagnation water absorbed by the riser. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the drain valve is automatically opened repeatedly after a predetermined time interval for a predetermined opening duration. Method according to one of claims 15-17, characterized in that the control device and a controlled by the control device drive the drain valve are powered by a local energy storage with energy. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that the discharge valve is moved by the drive controlled by the control device both in the open position and in the closed position and remains in the respective position, without being consumed by the drive energy, and that Discharge valve is only opened by the control device when the energy stored in the energy storage sufficient for the subsequent driving of the drive to close the drain valve.

Images