US1220100A - Fluid-pressure hammer. - Google Patents

Description

"a HHII Patented Mar. 20, 1917.

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CHARLES H. HAESELEE. 0E PHILADELPHIA, rENNsYLVANIA.

FLUID-PRESSURE HAMMER.

specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 20, 1917;

Application filed March 29, 1915. Serial No. 17,751.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. HAESELER, a;citizen of the United States,.residing at Philadelphia, in t-he county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Pressure Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a hammering tool such as a pneumatic hammer or riveter operated by compressed air and the general object thereof is to provide a new construction of the parts at the fi'ont or striking end of the hammer such as t-lie rivet set-, impact piece or anvil, etc.

The main object of the invention is to.

provide a shankless working tool such as a rivet set which is so formed as to be loosely mounted on the impact piece through which they blows of the hammer piston are delivered to the set, thereby insuring less liability7 of the set breaking and 'providing a less expensive part to make thanthe set usually employed, besides iediicing the vibration of the entire hammer due to the blows being struck more directly upon the set and preventing the side slap of the shank of the set which occurs when a set with a shank or stem is employed which is not a Iieat working fit in the hammer cylinder or when the end of the hammer cylinder has become worn.

The employment of a loosely mounted shankless set or working tool as described also permits of the use of a combination of parts in connection therewith which provides a construction that effectually prevents the hammer piston from being' shot out of the cylinder diie to careless handling of the operator or due to the opening of the throttle valve (for admitting compressed air to the hammer) being accidentally or otherwise opened when the hammer is not held in position against the work.

Another object of this invention is to provide means such as a` retainer in the form ofl a spring clip between the cylinder and the set or tool for preventing the set from being wholly disengaged from the impact piece after the first blow of the hammer piston has been struck, in case the air should be admitted when the hammer is not in working position. The employment of such a retainer prevents the set from being shot out of the retainer inasmuch as the retainer is made sufficiently strong to withstand the blow of the piston through the impact piece and set and as means are provided to hold the set beyond the range of the piston blow after the first blow has been struck with the result that crystallization and breakage of the retainer from a large number of blows are prevented. Such crystallization and breakage would otherwise eventually-occur if the retainer were subjected to a succession of blows for a considerable period of time as often occurs when such tools are improperly used as by stupid or careless workmen in shops or-by mischievous boys. This safety feature is also of` necessary practical tailed section of a Apart of the front end of the tool similar to that shown in Fig. l but illustrating the working position of the impact piece and rivet set; l a perspective of the retainer or clip; Fig. 5 a' view similar to Fig. l but illustrating a modified form of clip; Fig. 6 a detailed section of the front end of a toolillustrating a modified form of constri-iotion and F ig. 7 a detailed section illustrating still another modified form ofv construction but employing an lordinary sliaiik-provided set.

lVhile my invention is applicable to fluid pressure operated pneumatic tools of different types andemploying different kinds of working tools yet for the purposes of a clear and definite description I have chosen to explain it in connection with a. pneumatic hammer of tlieriveting'type in which the working tool is a rivet set without intending to limit myself to such particular type of hammer and working tool.

Inasmuch as my invention concerns only those parts at the front end of the hammer it. is unnecessary to illustrate and describe the complete hammer such as the distributing valve and passages for admitting the fluid under pressure such as compressed air to and from opposite ends of the cylinder or piston .chamberl pfor reciprocating the ordinary cylinder of a riveting hammer inasinuch as its front end which formerly received the shank of a rivet set is not made integral with the cylinder but is made as a separable nose piece or extension 5 which in the present instance is internally screwthreaded at its rearward end to screw upon external screw threads upon the forward endof the cylinder.l By preference this nose piece is provided with a locking clip 5a which is a split ring of spring metal having inturned flanges fitting respectively in a circular groove in the nose piece and against a shoulder in a collar 5b secured to the cylinder. t

TheJnose piece is contracted at its forward end' to form a central bore through which passes the cylindrical body portion of an impact piece .6 which is providedv with fan enlarged-head 6a received in the chamber formed between the front endof the cylinder proper andthe bottom-or forward end of the nose piece. This head fL directly receives the,blows of the hammer piston 3, and the 'force of these blows is cushioned when the tool is not in working position by means of a washer or -seriesof washers 7 interposed between the head 6a and the contracted forward end of the nose piece.. The forward end of the impact piece is reduced in .diameter thereby forming a cylindrical extension 6b which fits into 'the rivet set- 8 as hereinafter described. The nose piece, Aparticularly its forward end which 'forms a bearing for the impact piece is made'quite accurate as to size and such impact piece is made of steel hardenedand is'vaecurately ground with the result that the air will not leak out of the front end of the tool and such fit will remain tight for a great length of time.

The working tool in the type of hammer being described is a rivet 'set 8 which is sliankless andrprovided on its inner side with a central socket 8a in which loosely fits the forward reduced4 end or extension 6* of the impact piece. The construction and .arrangement of the rivet set and impact piece are such that when. the parts are in working position as in Fig. 3 the hammer piston 3 impart-s its blows directly to the head of the impact piece which in turn delivers such blows direct to the bottom of the recess orsocket 8a of .the rivet set, the forward end u a l u' of such impact piece being at this time in A contact with thebottom of such socket, Fig.

3. When, however, as hereinafter explained, the rivet set is not in working position it is put out of range of the impact piece after the-first blow is struok. As shown in Fig. 5 the means for retaining the set in its ad'- 70 vanced position instead of being depressions or internal projectionsy 9a may be in the vform of an inwardly directed bead as shown at 9d.

The retainerwhich has the double func 75 tion of holding the set onto the-hammerv and also of holding the set forwardly out of]- range of theimpact 'pieceunder certain conditions, isin the form of a' clip. 9 composed vof a split ring of spring metal similar'to 80 the clips usually employed 'with the exception .that it is provided with means for engaging a flange 8b on the inner end of the set to hold the same extended as hereinafter explained. j The particular means shown img-5 Fig. 4 consists of several depressions 9*@ formed in the body of the ring near the forward end thereof. This clip has the usual l, inwardly directed flange r9" at its inner end and inwaidly directed flange 9 at its outer 90 or front end, the former engaging the circumferential groove 5? inthe nose piece and the latter engaging in front of the flange 8l of the set. The hammer beingrconst'ructed as illus- 95 trated in Figs. .1 to il operates as' follows: Starting with lthe yparts as illustrated in Fig. .3 at which time the tool is supposed to be in working position, that is Vwith the set bearing against the rivet, the hammer is operated in the'usual manner whereupon the piston 3 delivers its `blowsl upon. the' head 6a of the' impact piece which directly imparts such blows to the` set which in turn delivers them directly against' the rivet. A t this 105 time the impactpiece is in direct contact 'withthe bottom of the socket 8f* and the blow is delivered directly through uch bottom of the socket. If,v however, the set should not be against the worklwhenlthe tool was operated but thel set wa's lievertheless in the relative position shown in F ig. 3 and the tool was thereupon operated, in that case the first blow of the hammer piston would drive the set to the position shown iii-Fig. 1, the flange Sb of the set being forced' 'against thedepressions 49:* which are projections on the interior of the clip and operating such clip sufficiently to per:

mit such flange 8b to advance to a position l20 infront of such $projections and between them and the flange 9C of the clip wherein' suchiflange 8b is caught and the rivet set thereby retained. .In this manner and by these means theset is advanced to a position' 1'25V beyond the range of action of the impactV piece which cannot now deliver any blows to thev set and at the same time suoliv set is retained in such advanced orinoperative `position. Consequently the set cannot be 1130 .shot out from the tool' nor of cou-rse can the impact piece or piston vbe shot out with the 4 result that the hammer possesses the safety .feature hereinbefore referred to. It will be understood that the hammer .piston can'l 4 tion.

In Fig. G I have illustrated a -modified form of construction according to which the clip 9 is unprovided with lany outer depressions or rather Iinner projections such as -9a but is provided with a circumferential in-" wardly directed bead. or projection-92 which is adapted to coperate with either one of two parallel circumferential grooves 93 and,

and94 at the forward end of the nose piece. Normally the bead 92 ,is in the rearward groove 93, that is when the tool is in working position, but in the event that the hammer' is operated without being in working position the first blow of the hammer will force the rivet set and its clip bodily forward, withdrawing the bead' from the groove 93 and causing it to. snap into the groove 9* as shown in Fig. 5 at which time the rivet set. is out of the range of the impact piece.

In Fig. 7 I have shown still another modified form of Construction according to which a shank-provided rivetset may be employed. In this construction the. usual' cylinder l is employed, that is there is no special orqremovable nose piece and the shank 10"L of the rivet set 10 fits into the central bore of the cylinderat the front end thereof. The clip 11 is substantially the same as-the clip 9', that is to say it is a split ring provided near its inner end with an inwardly"directed bead 11a adapted to fit in one or the other of the two parallel grooves l2 and 13 near the forward end of the cylinder. The parts are shown in Fig.

G in their working position so .that when the hammer is operated the piston 3 will deliver snap in the other groove 13.

its blows upon the shank of the working tool which in turn delivers the blows to the rivet. In Case, however, the set should not be at Y such time applied to the work, upon the first blow of the piston the set will be forced outbead 11a from the rivet groove l2 and after a slight movement forwardly such bead .will At this time the shank of the set will be out bf range of the hammer piston which Awill continue to operate without being able to impart any blows to the set.l

Il claim:

l. A- tool retainer for a fluid pressure operated lhammer having means for engaging the front end of the hammer and ladapted to loosely hold the tool in associationtherewith,

and also'having means at its forward end and operative-upon the tool only when the latter'is in advanced position for holding the tool in such advanced position beyond the range of the hammer blow after the first blow of the hammer when not in working position.

2. A working tool of a. fluid pressure opl erated hammer provided on' its inner end with a socket to loosely rece-ive the end of proper l the impact piece of such hammer through which the blows of Ithe hammer piston are delivered, `incombination with a tool retainer for 'a fluid pressure operated hammer having means for engaging'the front end of the hammer and. to loosely hold the tool in association therewith, `andalso having means for holding the tool in advanced position beyond the range of the hammerblw, after the first blow of the hammer' when -`not in propel` working position.

3. In combination with a fluid pressure op#` eratedhamnier including its cylinder', ham-A mer piston and impact piece struck by the piston, aworking tool having on itslinner end a socket which fits loosely on the outer end of the impact piece, and combined means .for loosely holding the tool to the front end of the cylinder and for retaining ,it in advanced position out of range of the impact piece when forced to such position by said piece. 'Y

4. In' combination with a fluid pressure operatedv hammer including. its cylinder,

hammer piston and impact piece struck by A the piston, a .working tool vhaving on its inner end a socket which fits loosely on the outer end of the impact'piece, and a clip vengaging the front end of the cylinder and looselv containinwthe .rearward end of the tool. said cl'ip having means for engaging and holding the -tool in an advanced position ont of range of the impact piece when forced to such position by the first blow of'the hammer when not in working position.

5. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including its cylinder, hammer piston and impact piece struck by the piston, a working tool having on its inner end a socket which fits loosely on the outer end of the impact piece, and a clip engaging the front end of the, cylinder and loosely containing the rearward end of the tool, said 4clip having an inwardly. directed projection at its forward end, and the tool having at its rearward end a' member coperating with such projection when the tool is forcedvforposition.

ward to an advanced position by the first blow of the hammer when not in working 6. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including its cylinder, hammer lpiston and impact piece struck by the piston, a. working tool having on its inner end a socket which fits loosely on the outer end of the impact piece, and raclip engaging the front end of the cylinder and loosely containing the rearward end of the tool, said clip having a series of projections inwardly directed at its forward end, and the tool having at its rearward end a flange coperating with such projections when the tool is forced forward to an advanced posi- 'tion by the first blow of the hammer when not in working position.

7. In combination with a. fluid pressure operated hammer including its cylinder, hammer piston and impact piece struck by the piston, a work-ing tool having on its inner end a socket which fits loosely on the outer end of the impact piece, and a. clip engaging the front end of the cylinder and loosely containing the rearwardend of the tool, said clip having an inner flange 9b for engagement with the cylinder, an outer flange 9 to hold thetool, and an inwardly directed projection 9aL at itsforward end, and the tool having at its rearward end a flange cooperating with flange 9c and with projection 9a.

8. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including its cylinder proper, a removable nose-piece secured to the front end of the cylinder, an impact piece arranged in the nose-piece and having an enlarged portion retained therein, a working tool having a socket on its rearward end into which the front end of said impact piece loosely fits, and means anchored to' the nose-piece' for retaining the working tool.

9. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including its cylinder proper, a removable nose-piece secured to the front end of the. cylinder, an impact piece arranged in the nose-piece and having an enlarged portion retained therein, a working tool having a socket on its rearward end in which the front end of said impact piece loosely fits, and a spring ring retainer anchored to the nose piece and cooperating with the working tool.

l0. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including its cylinder proper. a removable nose-piece secured to the front end of the cylinder, an impact piece varranged in the nose-piece, a working tool having a socket on its rearward end linto which the front end of said impact piece loosely fits, said nose-piece being provided with a chamber and the impact piece having a head receptacle therein, and means anchored to the nose-piece for retaining the working tool.

1l. In combination with a fluid pressure operated hammer including its cylinder proper, aremovable nose-piece secured to the front end ofthe cylinder, an impact piece arranged in the nosefpiece, a working tool having a socket on its rearward end into which the front end of said impact piece loosely fits, said nose-piece being provided with a. chamber and the impact piece having a head reciprocable therein, cushioning material between said head and the bottom 0f the chamber, and means anchored to the nose-piece for retaining the working tool.

l2. A tool retainer for a fluid-pressure operated hammer having means for engaging the exterior of the forward end of the hammer, said retainer being designed to loosely hold the tool in association with the hammer and ,having means at its forward end and operative upon the tool 'only when the latter is in its advanced position for holdingA the tool in such'advanced position beyond sleeve supported by the exterior of' the forward end of the hammer and adapted to loosely hold the tool' in association with the hammer, said sleeve having means for hold.- ing the tool in advanced position beyond the range of the hammer after the first blow of the hammer when not in proper working position. y

14. The combination with a fluid-pressure operated hammer and its working tool, of a tool retainer for holding the tool in association with the hammer, the tool being freely slidable in said retainer and free to vibrate therein and said retainer having means for holding the tool in advanced position beyond the range of the hammer blow after the first blow of the hammer when not in proper working position.

' CHARLES Il. HAISICLER IWitnesses t MAT-Han W'. Snnnwoon, Jona' I). Ill/'infamia

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