US1425339A - Cabbubetoe - Google Patents

Description

E. RECTOR.

CARBURETOR.

APPLICATION HLED ocT.16,1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Aug. 8, 1922.

PATENT OFFICE.

ENOCI-I RECTOR, OF NEW' YORK, N. Y., 'ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE YALE @c TOWNE MANUFACTURNG COMPANY, 0F STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT, A COR- PORATTON OF CONNECTICUT.

CARBURETOR.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patgnted Aug, 8, 1922.

Application filed October 16, i916. Serial No. 125,795.

To @ZZ whom tf/nag] concern.' i

Be it known that l, ENooH RECTOR, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carburetors, of which the following is a specification.

My 'invention relates in general to a carburetor of fuel charge forming device for internal combustion engines and particularly relates to a vaporizing carburetor designed for use with a hydro-carbon fuel which will not vaporize with air under ordinary temperatures.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a simple form of carburetor of the class described which will act on a ycheap form of hydro-carbon and attenuate the same so that it can combine with vair in proper quantities to give the requisite rich-l ness of mixture and at the proper temperature to effect the most economical actua tion of the engine supplied thereby.

Another obj ect of the invention is topro vide a compensating carburetor responsive to variation in speed conditions of the engine for regulating both the amount of fuel supplied to the engine and for regulating the amount of heat conveyed to the fuel so that different speed conditions of the engine will drawthe requisite amount of fuel and at the temperature Abest suited for-any particular speed.

Broadly, I attain this latter object by connecting a pump to some one of the moving engine parts and using the pump to force the fuel under the same pressure conditions to the vaporizing part of the carburetor and to the burner which heats the vaporizer.

By this arrangement as more -fuel is passed through the vaporizer proportionately more fuel is supplied lto feed the burner and the increased activity of the burner acts on the increased supply of engine fuel to maintain the previous temperature or otherwise vary the temperature to suit the conditions imposed by the extra fuel supply.

Another object of the invention is to provide a simple form of pilot light for the burner which will come into operation automaticallyfwhen the engine is shut-off and which will become inactive automatically by increase in pressure in the feed line as when the activity feeds fuel to the burner.

incidental to these general desiderata it is further contemplated to provide a device of the class described which will be promptly responsive tothe variable demands from the engine; which 'can 1 be 'readily assembled and demounted and which can be controlled manually or automatically.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention 'will be in part obvious from inspection of the accompanying drawings and in part will be more' fully set forth in the following particular description of one form of mechanism embodying my invention, and the invention also consists in certain new and novel features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

n Referring to the accompanying drawings:-

Figure l is a side view partly in vertical section of la preferred embodiment of my invention shown in position connected to an engine; andy y Figures 2, 3 and 4- are horizontal sectional views taken respectively on the lines E9s- 2,

3 3 and 4-t of Fig. l.

ln' the drawings the attachment to the engine particularly forming the subjectmatter ofthis application and hereinafter referred to as a carburetor is shown connected to supply fuel to the intake port 5.

of a manifold 6 forming part of an internal combustion engine of any known design and which engineincludes a movable element such as the shaft 7 having a speed of rotation dependent upon the speed of the engine. This shaft has a gear wheel 8 fixed thereto and arranged to actuate a pump 9, hereinafter described. This pump is designed to force fuel from a source of supply, indicated diagrammatically by the gravity flow pipe '10, to the carburetor at a rate responsive to any variation in speed of the engine, so that when the engine is ruiming fast proportionately more fuel is passed by the pump per unit of time than when running relatively slow.

The carburetor inclu-des an organization of a vaporizing device including a burner for heating the same, and a system of valved piping, including the pump 9, for supplying fuel to both the burner and vaporizing device.

The vaporizing device is designed to constitute an article of manufacture arranged to be demountably fastened to the intake manifold as by means of the bolted flanged connection 11 shown in Figure 2.

The vaporizing device includes an inner heater shell 12, the lower portion of which is cylindrical and opened at the bottom. The upper portion of the shell is reduced in diameter to form an outlet throat 13 for the products of combustion from a burner 11i enclosed within the lower portion of the shell. The throat opens into a chimney 15 having a telescoping fit about the reduced upper end of the shell.

y rlhe lower cylindrical portion of the shell 12 is enclosed by an outer cylindrical shell 16, opened at top and bottom and spaced from the inner shell to form an annular air passageway 17. This passageway is long` and narrow so that the heat radiating surface of the inner shell is relatively large compared to the volume of air in the passageway thus insuring the preheating of the air even when passing through the vaporizer at high velocity. The lower ends of the shells are maintained in fixed position by means of a four-arm spider 18 (see Fig. a) demountably fastened thereto by screws 19. rIhe central portion of the spider is in the form of an open top flat cylindrical cup 20, arranged to receive any fuel spilled from the burner and arranged to constitute a well for receiving a charge of fuel when it is desired to quickly heat the burner. The burner 14 is fastened centrally to the bottom of the cup and projects upwardly into the cylindrical port of the shell A12 for about one-third of its height.

rllhe upper end of the vaporizing device is defined by a flat hood 21, the upper wall 22 of which is provided with an opening 23 for containing the upper end of the shell 12 and which wall is fastened to flange 24 projecting laterally from said upper end.

The hood includes a depending cylindrical wall 25 telescoping the upper end of the outer shell 16 and fastened thereto by means of the screws 26. This wall 25 is spaced from the reduced upper end of the. inner shell to form an enlarged expansion chamber 27 opening from the upper end of the passageway 17 and opening into a fuel passageway 28. rhis passageway extends laterally from the upper end of the vaporizing device and is-reduced horizontally to the flanged end 29 (see Fig. 2) and opens directly into the intake port 5.

A throttle valve 30 is mounted in the passageway 28 adjacent the end 29 for controlling the movement of the fuel mixture into the engine and is mounted on a valve stem 31 which extends exteriorly of the vaporizing device.

Four fuel ejecting nozzles 32 are positioned in the: passageway 17 slightly above the center thereof and equally spaced circumferentially as shown in Figure 3. These nozzles have relatively small vents 3B in the side thereof, which vents face upwardly so as to direct the fuel from the nozzles along the air passageway and into the expansion chamber 27. These nozzles are let into the side of the inner shell and constitute a means for supporting a heating grid 3a mounted within the inner shell above the burner. This grid is spaced from the burner so as to give the most perfect heating condition when the engine is runningat its most efficient speed. This grid is a casting having a. centrally disposed upright column 85 provided with a bore 36, the lower end of which opens into the bores 37 of four radially disposed arms 38 extending outwardly from the column to the wall of the inner she-ll. The nozzles are threaded into the outer ends of the arms 38 which arrangement not only provides a simple means for demouutably supporting the grid but also provide a means for demounting the nozzles to clean or replace the same. rlhe arms are provided with spaced flanges 39 for increasing the surface exposed to the heat of the burner. A; heating coil 4:0 is positioned in the upper part of the shell 12 and is disposed above the arms 3S and wrapped to lill the space between the column 35 and the wall of the shell. The discharge end of the coil is formed into a loop 41 projecting upward into the throat 13 and curved down into the top ends of the bore 36 as' shown in Figure 1. rThe coil and bores leading therefrom collectively have relatively small volume so that there is but small clearance for the fuel to be vaporized and a corresponding rapid generation of lightly heated fuel when the action of the device is inaugurated.

The piping system f r supplying fuel to the coil and burner includes a rotary type of pump 9 driven from the engine shaft 7 through multiplying gearing formed of the gear wheels 8 and Z12, the latter fined to the pump shaft 113. The` intake end of the pump is supplied with fuel from the pipe 10 and the discharge end r-/lof the pumpl is connected to a main pipe line 4to. rlhis pipe; line includes two branches, one branch 46 leading to the burner 14e and the other branch 1-7 leading to the lower end of the heating coil 10.

The branches are so proportioned that when the engine is running at the speed which gives its maximum efficiency, the vaporizing device is supplied with an amount of fuel per unit of time requisite llO to effect this maximum efficiency and the burner is supplied with an amount of fuel just .sufficient to properly vaporize this theoretically `perfect amount of fuel passing through the vaporizing device. When the engineis working at any other speed it is hardly possible with vents having iXed discharges is at least approximated and*` obviously the ratiomay be` changed4k by substituting larger or smaller nozzles. n

A single control valve l18 is positioned in the main line to control the flow through both of the branches. rlhe stem i9 of this valve is connected to the throttle valve stem' 31 by means of a coupling 50 so that both the valves land SO may be controlled simultaneously. A lever 51 is attached to the stem e9 and is arranged so that it may be actuated manually when such a control is desired or it may be connectedv tothe engine governor when it is desired to control the fuel supply by the speed of the engine or, in fact, the lever may be connected with any known form of automatic control mechanism, i f

The device illustrated includes means for feeding a? relatively small amount of fuel t0 the'lburner forthe purpose of maintain-y ing a pilot light whenthe burner is notl otherwise'in active operation. These means include a by-pass pipe 52 of small bore leading` from the pipe 10 to the branch 46 adjacent its connection withv the burner. The ley-pass includes a check valve 58 normally closed and opening in the direction of flow through the by-pass. A main fuel control valve 54 is positioned inthe pipe 10 for the purpose of regulating the supply from the reservoir (not shown) to the device illustrated.

`The branch 16 is provided with a check valve 55 normally closing off the main fuel supply to the burner and opened by arise in pressure in they piping system through the actuation of the pump or other pressure creating means.

1n operation and assuming thaty there is a pressure of fuel in the reservoir or where the gravity feed system is usedthat the elevation of the tank is sufficient tomaintain a pilot light, the valve 5ft is opened and the pilot light at the burner lit through the space between the spider 18 at the bottom` of the vaporizing device. The pressure in the pipe 10 is sufl'cient to open the relatively light check valve 53 and `thus permit the fuel to flow through the by-pass pipe to sup-p ply a pilot light in the burner.. The pilot light not only forms an igniter for the burner but serves to maintain the Vaporizing device hot and thus insures a prompt vaporizing ofthe engine fuel when Lthe engine is started.

r he engine is started, the lever 51 set to open the valves 30 and 18 as is usual in starting engines oflthe type disclosed and the pump begins to force the fuel from the pipe 10 throughv the main pipe line, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 1. The pressure created by the pump acts on the check `valve 55 vto open the same and as long as the pressure is maintained fuel will flow pass this checlr valve to the burner. The pilot light will ignite the fuel thus forced to 'the burner andthe heat from the burner quickly heats, the arms 38 even to incandescence and the heat is carried on to the column 35 and the coil l() rapidly heating the same. The products of combustion from the burner are finally passed out through the chimney 15. At the same time the fuel is forced up throughy the other branch L7 and heating coil, down through the loop 41, bore 46 and outwardly through the vents 33 in the nozzles. During its passage through the vaporizing device the fuel is heated to high temperature and when ejected into the passageway 17 isvaporized so as to be highly attenuated.

`Air isy drawn into the lower end of the passageway 17 and is heated by contact with the shell 12 before it comes in contact with the heated fuel from the nozzles. The

kspaced apart position of the nozzles insures an intimate mixing of air and gaseous fuel rbefore the mixture is passed into the eX- pansion chamber. The expansion chamber will be suppliedwith this fuel mixture as long as the vaporizing device is opened to the suction of the engine.y

The high pressure created by the pump on the fuel in the branch 46 'reacts through the bypass pipe to overbalance the normal pressure acting to open the check-valve 53 and permits or forces the check valve closed thus intercepting any How from the pump back into the supply pipe 10.

Should the speed of the engine increase or 'decrease from its normal working speed, the pump will respond accordingly and force a proportionately greater or lessk amount of fuel to the vaporizing device and burner thus affecting not'only an automatic regulation of the fuel supply passed' to the engine but also 1 an` automatic regulation of the amount of fuel fed to the burner.

By adjusting the position of the lever 51 the amount of fuel permitted to pass into the engine is regulated as is usual with devices of this character but in addition to this function the lever 51 also controls the burner. llVhen the lever is moved into position to intercept the flow through the main pipe line, the pressure therein is reduced, the valvek 55 closes automatically and the normal gravity pressure in the pipe 10 opens the valve 58 and reestablishes the pilot light in active operation. By using a rotary type of pump the same can run idly under its own momentum after the control valves are shut-off without doing any particular harm.

By means of a device of this character there is attained not onlya saving in fuel but a cheap grade of crude oil may be used as fuel for both the engine and vaporizer burner.

The clearance in the coil and the disposition of the vents in the small volume air passageway insures practically an instantaneous vaporizing and mixing of the crude oil vapors with the air which has been quickly heated in its passage along the extensive area presented by the inner shell.

lla-ving thus described my invention, l claim:

1. ln a device of the class described, an internal combustion engine, a passageway leading to the engine, a carburetor including a nozzle for ejecting fuel into said passageway, a conduit for supplying the fuel to said nozzle, a supply pipe leading to said conduit, means for heating said conduit to vaporize the fuel before it is ejected and for heating said passageway and means leading from the supply pipe and in advance of the heated conduit for diverting some .of the fuel to said heating means, a pump driven from the engine for maintaining a pressure in said conduit.

2. ln adevice of the class described, a fuel conducting passageway leading to an engine, means for leading` fuel to said passageway, means for heating said leading means, and means controlled by the speed of the engine for supplying relatively cold fuel in continuous solid liquid streams from a common source to both said leading` means and to said heating means.

3. ln a device of the class described, the combination with the intake to an engine, of means for conducting fuel to said intake, said conducting means including` a vaporizer for supplying` gaseous fuel to the engine and a self-vaporizing heating means for heating the vaporizer, and means controlled by the speed of the engine for regulating the amount of liquid fuel supplied to said self-vaporiaing heating means whereby the heating means is promptly responsive to variations in speed of the engine.

4;. ln a device of the class described., the combination with an engine and an element driven thereby, of a fuel supply for the engine including` a vaporizer, heating means for said vaporizer and means controlled by said element for regulating the amount of fuel supplied per unit of time to said heating means per unit of movement of said element.

5. in a device of the class described, the

combination with an engine and an element driven thereby, means attached directly to the engine for supplying a heated fuel to said engine whereby heat losses from the heated fuel are reduced to a minimum, said means including a vaporizer placed relatively close to the intake of the engine and burner for said vaporizer and means controlled by said element and acting on said supply means for regulating the amount of liquid fuel supplied to the burner. v

6. ln a device of the class described, the combination with an internal combustion engine, of a device for supplying gaseous fuel to said engine, said device comprising a source of liquid fuel, a vaporizer for the fuel supplied to the engine, a burner for heating said vaporizer, and mechanism operatively controlled by the speed of the engine for maintaining a supply of liquid fuel to both the vaporizer and its burner, said mechanism including means for acting on the liquid leading to said vaporizer and burner to cause the pressure thereon to vary in proportion to variations in speed of the engine.

E. ln a device of the class described, avaporizing device, a burner therefor, a pipe line having two branches for supplying both the device and burner and a pump for foreing liquid fuel through said pipe line.

8. ln a device of the class described, a vaporizing device, a burner therefor, a pipe line having t .io branches for supplying both the device and burner, a pump for forcing liquid fuel through said pipe line and a single valve disposed in said pipe line between the pump and said burner for regulating the flow through the pipe line.

9. in a device of the class described, a conduit adapted to contain liquid fuel under pressure, two branches opening from said conduit, a vaporizing device supplied from one of said branches, burner for heating said .f'aporizing device supplied from the other branch whereby the fuel supplied to both the vaporizing device and to the heating device are under the same pressure, means for creating said pressure and means controlled by the pressure in the conduit for regulating the fuel supplied to said burner.

10. ln a device of the class described, the combination of a vaporizingrdevice and a burner therefor, a pipe line for supplying a solid liquid fuel to both the device and burner, a valve in said pipe line, and a single controlling device regulating the fuel discharge to both the vaporising device and to the burner.

11. ln a device of the class described, the combination of a vaporizing device having a discharge nozzle adapted to provide a definite discharge of gaseous fuel at a given pressure, a burner for heating said device,v

means for supplying liquid fuel to both said vaporizing device and to said burner, saidv discharge nozzle being replaceable with a nozzle providing a different yrate of discharge at said given pressure, thereby to vary the ratio of fuel discharged from said nozzle compared with the rate of fuel discharged from said burner.

12. In a device of the class described, the combination of a vaporizing device having an outlet `adapted to discharge a definite amount of gaseous fuel at a given pressure,y

a liquid fuelburning burner for heating said vaporizing device, said burner having a definite ratio of discharge at awgiven pressure and means for varying the Vratio of discharge from the burner to the discharger from the vaporizing outlet.

. 13. In a device of the class described, the combination of a liquid fuel supply pipe havying two branches leading therefrom, a vavaporizer supplied from one 0f the branches,

a burner for heating the vaporizer supplied from the other branch and pressure creating means for forcing the liquid fuel through said supply pipe to both of said branches, whereby both branches will be filled with liquid fuel and the pressure on the liquid therein will be responsive directly to variations thereon caused by said pressure creating means. y

15. In a device of the class described,fthe combination of a liquid fuel supply pipe having two branches leading therefrom, a vaporizer supplied from one of the branches, a burner for heating thevaporizer supplied from the other branch and a rotary pump operatively connected to said supply pipe to force the fuel under lpressure directly through said branches to both said vapor-` izer and said burner. v y i 16. In a device of the classdescribed, the combination withfa vaporizer and a burner for heating the same, of a single supply means for feeding liquid fuel in continuous y from a liquid hydrocarbon, comprising la streams to both the vaporizer and burner.

17. In a device of the class described, the combination with a vaporizer, a burner for heating the same, of a single supply means for feeding liquid fuel in continuous streams to both the vaporizer and burner, and pressure creating means acting on the liquid in said .supply means, v

gine. f f n Y n A device for supplying fuel to an en- 18. In a device of the class described,-the combination with'an engine and a power element driven thereby, of a vaporizer and a burner for heating the same, a single supply pipe provided with two branches, each branch being filled with `liquid fuel under pressure, one leading directly to the burner and the other leading to the vaporizer and a pump driven yfrom ksaid power element and acting on the fuel in said supplypipe to maintain the pressure onthe liquid fuel until it reaches. the vaporizer and burner. n

19. In a device of the class-described, the

`combination with an engine and a power jelement driven thereby, of a vaporizer and a burner for heating the same, a conduit leading from thevaporizer to the engine for supplying the same with heated fuel, a single supply pipe provided with two branches, each branch being'filledv with 4liquid fuel under pressure,fone leading` directly to the burner and the other leading tothe vaporizer and a pump power from said driven element and` acting on the fuel in said supply pipe to maintain the pressure on the liquid l -fuel .lint-il it yreaches the -zvaporizer and burner.

y 20. A device for supplying fuel to an engine comprising a flame heated vaporizer, a burner for heating the same, a system yof pipes for supplyingboth the vaporizer and burner with liquid fuel, a continuously acting pump adapted to be connected tothe and burner under pressure which increases promptly with increase in speed of the en- 21. gine comprising afflame heated vaporizer, a burner for heating the same, a system of pipes for supplying both the vaporizer and burner with liquid fuel, 'a continuously acting pump adapted to be; connected to the engine so as to be driven thereby, said pump being operatively connectedfto said pipes to supply liquid fuel directly to the vaporizer and burner under pressure which increases vaporizer formed of two parts, means for kleading ,the liquid hydrocarbon to one of lsaid partsfor a preliminary heating, saidVv first part'discharging the preheated hydrocarbon into the other part for a final heating, a single burner forheating both parts, a

supply pipe constituting a source of liquid i'io Lpromptly with increase in speed` of the enhydrocarbon, said pipe provided with tivo branches, one constitntingsaid means leading to the vpreheating part of the vaporizer and the other branch leading directly to the burner.

' 23. A device for forming gaseous fuel from a liquid hydrocarbon including vaporizing means for subjecting the liquid hydrocarbon to a tivo stage heating, a single burner for heating said means, a conduit for supplying liquid hydrocarbon to said vaporizing means and metering means for apportionating an amount of the hydrocarbon to the burner to insure the requisite heating ofthe vaporizing means.

24. In a device of the class described, the combination of an enclosing shell, a burner mounted in said shell, a vaporizer positioned in said shell and disposed relative to said lburner so as to be heated thereby, a system of pipes positioned exteriorly of the shell so as to be substantially free of the heating effect of the burner, said system of pipes including a supply pipe constituting a source of liquid fuel supply, said pipe having tivo branches, one leading directly to the burner to supply the same With cold liquid fuel and the other leading to said vaporizer.

v25. In a device of the class described, the combination of an enclosing shell, a burner mounted in said shell, a vaporizer positioned in said shell and disposed relative to said burner so as to be heated thereby, a system of pipespositioned exteriorly of the shell so asto be substantially free of the heating effect of the burner, said system of pipes in cluding a supply pipe constituting a source of liquid fuel supply, said pipe having` tivo branches, one leading directly to the burner to supply the saine with cold liquid fuel and the other leading to said vaporizer, and a continuously acting pump operatively connected to said pipe to maintain the branch pipes filled `with liquid fuel under pressure.

"26. In a device for producing highly heated gaseous hydrocarbons, thecombination of a vaporizer comprising a conduit constituting a preheating chamber and a second conrduit opening` from the first chamber and constituting a nal heating' chamber, said conduits collectively having a relatively small volume thereby providing small clearance for the hydrocarbon being vaporized, a burner having la relatively large heating capacity for heating said vaporizer and means for supplying solid streams of cold liquid hydrocarbon to both the vaporizer and burner.

27. In the art of forming from a liquid hydrocarbon a continuous stream of gaseous fuel, the process which consists in dividing a v stream of the liquid hydrocarbon and heating'the` liquid in one part of the divided stream `by the combustion ofthe-liquid in the other part of the divided stream, said parts being apportioned so that the burning stream Will supply, per unit of time, both tl e latent heat necessary to vaperize the other part per unit of time and the active heat necessary to raise the resulting gas to the desired temperature.

` 2S. ln a device of the class described, the combination of an internal combustion engine including a movable element, means for supplying fuel to said engine, said means including` a fuel heating device formed of a combined main and a preheating burner, a source of liquid fuel supply under pressure, means fur conducting fuel from said source to said burner and means connected to said movable element and controlled by the .speed of the engine for selectively opening the source 'to either the main burner or to the preheating burner.

` 29., ln adevice of the class described, the combination of an internal .combustion engine including a movable element, means for `supplying fuel to said engine, said means including` a fuel heating device formed of a combined main and preheating burner, a source of liquid fuel supply under pressure, means for conducting fuel from said source to said burner, a rotary pump operatively connected to said element so as to be controlled by the speed thereof and acting on the fuel leading to the main burner whereby increase inengine speed of the element Will cause an increase in the amount of fuel sup-` plied to the main burner anda valvular `means operatively controlled by an overbal ancinp; of the fuel pressure in said source for supplying said preheating burner When the engine stops ruiming.

30. ln a device of the class described, the combination of an internal combustion engine including a movable element, means for supplying fuel to said engine, said means including a fuel heat-ing device formed of a main heating burner and burner, a source of liquid fuel supply under pressure, means for conducting fuel from said source to said burner, a rotary pump operatively connected to said element so as to be controlled by the speed of the engine and acting on the fuel leading` to the main burner whereby increase in engine speed will cause an increase cluding a burner, a conduit leading to said burner, a main pipe, means for creating a relatively high pressure in said main pipe,

said pipe provided with two branches, one

leading to the burner and the other leading to the vaporizer, a normally closed check valve in the branch leading' to the burner, a by-pass pipe leading to the conduit for supply the burner and a normally closed check valve in. said byepass pipe adapted to be open by the overbalancing of pressure in the by-pass pipe over the pressure in the main pipe.

32. ln a device of the class described the combination of a vaporizer and a heating device for the saine7 said heating device including means capable of functioning as a main burner and a pilot burner, a conduit leading to said means, a main pipe, means for creating a relatively high pressure in said main pipe, 'said pipe provided with two branches? both leading to the main burner and the other leading to the vaporizer, a normally closed check valve in the branch leading to the main burner, a by-pass pipe leading` to the conduit for supplying the pilot burner, a normally closed check valve in said bypass pipe adapted to be open by the overbalancing of pressure in the by-pass pipe over the pressure in the main pipe and a rotary pump in said inain pipe adapted to force liquid fuel under pressure to both the main burner and the vaporizer and to act through the conduit to hold the check valve in the ley-pass pipe firmly in closed position.

Signed at New York city, iii the county of New York, and State of New York this thirteenth day of October. A. l). 1916.

' ENCH RECTOR.

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