US1483046A - Roof covering - Google Patents

Description

1,483,046 G. RITTER ROOF COVERING Filed March a" 1922 HQ Z 2 Sheets-Sheet, 1

I N VEN TOR. WITNESSES:

I BY .6 Hiiiez;

ATTORNEYS,

Q George Rzli-Zer,

/.w I 4TTORNEY 'FB; 5, 1924; r 1,483,046

e. 'RITTER ROOF COVERING Filed March 8, 1922 FIG T1:

2 Sheets-Sheetfi II I w l L WITNESSES:

Patented Feb. 5, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE BITTER, 0F PERTH AMBpY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BARBER- AS- I PHALT PAVING COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA.

ROOF COVERING.

Application filed March 8, 1922. Serial No. 541,892.

This invention relates to roof coveringsand more particularly to shingles of the character which are fabricated from sheet material of a fibrous nature,treated with bituminous material to impart weather resistant qualities thereto, and to render them flexible and non-porous.

An object of the invention is to provide shingles of the character above set forth embodying a new and novel means for locking or engaging the exposed corners of the overlying shingles with the adjacent edges of those underlying so as to compel the shingles to lay flat and tight against the roof, preventing to a great extent the entrance of moisture or accumulation of snow thereunder. These and other objects are accomplished by what I now believe to be the several most preferred embodiments of my invention and all of which I have illustrated in the drawings forming part of this application, in which:

Fig. I is a 'view in plan of a fragment of a roof covering consisting of overlaid shingles embodying my improvements.

Fig. II is a view in perspective of the improved shingle per se, viewing. the same from the underside.

F ig. III is a view in plan, of a metallic locking member to be used in connection with the shingle. p

Fig. IV is a view in plan of a strip of locking members in integral formation.

Fig. V'is a view in plan of an assemblage I of locking members secured in proper relative positions showing the shingles in dotted dium of my improved locking devices, when the latter are fabricated and used in the form of a strip.

Fig. IX is a detail, fragmentary view of the folded end of a shingl illustrating a modified form of the invention in which the locking member is permanently fixed to the shingle; and

Fig. X is a view in section taken on the line 'XX of Fig. IX.

With reference to Figs. I, II and III, of the drawings, 10 indicates a shingle, substantially square in outline and composed preferably of fibrous sheet material such as paper, felt, etc., treated with bituminous substances and having its exposed surface coated with crushed slate, or the like, to im part wear resistant qualities thereto. One corner of the shingle is folded over to form a tab 11 which is designed to lay flat against the underside of the shingle and to create a thickened edge 12 along the fold or crease of the tab, said creased edge constituting the exposed end of the shingle and by reason of the thickness of the edge supplying a so called shadow line to a roof covered with these shingles, thereby relieving the same of the monotonous fiat appearance usually associated with a shingle roof. A locking device is provided for each shingle consisting of a plate 13 of rigid sheet material, preferably metal suitably coated, plated or varnished to prevent corrosion. The plate is deformed bystamping or otherwise to expand the middle portion beyond the plane of the ends along two lines disposed at relative right angles to form a center or main portion 14: of triangular formation bounded by the two walls 15, equal in height to the thickness of the shingle, and the two triangular corners or ends 16 constituting interlocking means to engage the edges of adjacent shingles. The main or center portion 14 of the device is slipped under the tab 11 or folded corner of the shingle as shown in F ig. II and held loosely therein, seating the tab between and within the walls 15 and the base edge 17 of the locking device against the inner fold of' the tab, so as to dispose the ends 16 of the device in spaced relation to the underside of the shingle, and placing the outer faces of the said corners 16 and the outer face of the tab 11 in substantially the same plane. Attention is directed to the fact that the edgesof the locking.

member are all enclosed within the outline or edges of the shingle and do not project therebeyond. The shingles. are laid in courses parallel to the eaves of the roof, in relative diagonal relation as shown in Fig. I, and the succeeding courses are laid thereover partly overlapping each other, the shingles of one course being staggered relative to those of the next, producing a honeycomb designand enabling the adjacent edges of a pair of adjacent shingles of a course to be received within the spaces between the corners l6 and the underside of an overlapping shingle of the next course, thus causing the folded or exposed corner of each shingle to lay fiat and tight, and prevent the edges of the shingles from curling up under wind pressure or as a result of frequent expansion and contraction due to temperature changes. The corners 16 of the locking member are thus engaged beneath and against the underside of the said pair of adjacent underlying shingles. The fastening elements 19 are driven at the middle corners of the shingles, penetrating the shingles also therebeneath. For convenience in manufacturing or using the above described locking devices they may be fabricated in an integral manner in the form of a strip 20, shown in Fig. IV, scored or otherwise treated along the uniformly spaced, transverse lines 21 to define the locking members which are ultimately separated by breaking them from the strip along said lines 21.

I have illustrated in Fig. V of the drawings, the relative arrangement of the locking devices after the shingles are properly assembled, the relation being made particularly clear by showing the shingle in dotted lines.

Figs. VI and VII illustrate a slightly modified form of metallic locking member which is differentiated over the first form only to the extent of changing the form of the end portions to a rectangle as shown more clearly at 23 in Fig. VII. The formation constitutes an enlargement of the end portions to afford a better grip upon and to extend beneath the corners of the edges of the shingles against which they are engaged when assembled as shown in Fig. VI. It will be noted that the outer edges of the end ortions 23 follow the outline of the shingle. If desired, fastening elements 21% may be driven through the corners of the shingles in the positions occupied by the fasteners 19 of Fig. I, penetrating the ends of the locking members therebeneath and then entering the underlying shingles, and the roof sheathing. This is only suggested as an additional means to safeguard theshingles from dislodgment and may not be employed if not desired as the fastening means penetrating the corners of the shingle only, and not the locking plate willbe sufficient under ordina iy circumstances.

he locking arrangement described above, especially when the locking element is fabricated in the form of a strip, lends itself especially well to the rapid laying of shingles without the necessity of previously placing guides, chalk lines or the like. This feature is shown in Fig. VIII wherein 25 indicates a metallic strip which is expanded at intervals to form the offset portions 26 corresponding to the portions 14 of the first described form of locking element and defining the angularly disposed walls 27 corresponding to the'walls 15. The ortions 26 are spaced between centers to a distance corresponding to the diagonal width of the shingle. In edge view, the strip is undulating, defining alternately placed, relatively long offsets and alternate relatively short.

offsets. Before laying the first course of shingles, a strip 25 is laid on the roof parallel to the eaves with the short offsets 26 extending upward. The shingles are now placed over the strip, corner to corner, with the lower edges rest-ing snugly against the walls 27 of the offsets, the latter constituting stops to properly locate the shingles and to align them into astraight course. A second strip- 25 is now laid parallel to the first strip but lapping over the upper corners of the shingles. The strip may now be secured in place by driving nails 28 into the material at points midway of the offsets 26, and the shingles may likewise be secured in place by inserting nails at their middle corners. The next course of shingles is now laid b inserting the folded corner 11 of each s ingle beneath an offset 26 of the first strip 25 then fitting the edges between adjacent offsets 26 of the second strip 25, and finally driving nails into the middle corners. The shingles of the second course are thus centralized relatively in two ways, viz: by the insertion of the folded corners in the offsets of the lower strip and by the localization of the shingle between the offsets of the upper strip. The use of shin 1e guides are thus eliminated. It will also e noted that each shingle is individually held against movement in an direction, since the interlocking action 0 the folded corner prevents the shingle from moving toward the ridge, and the walls of adjacent offsets prevent the shingle from moving toward the eaves, or laterally. Obviously, shingles laid in this manner afford as stable an aggregate of units as it is possible to effect, except by an integral uniting of the elements.

In actual practice the shingles,.shown in both the preferred and modified forms may be shipped or transported, as from manufacturer to consumer, or b the consumer from a place of storage to t e site of building operations independently of the metallic locking members, the latter being transported separately and the shingles and locking members later assembled by the artisan. This possibility of separate handling renders the present invention extremely valuable by expediting building construction and ensuring economy in the cost of transportation, as well as inducing other advantages which Will be readily apparent to those familiar with this art. However, it may be desirable at times to include the metallic locking member as a permanent part of the shingle and the two manufactured in that manner. This may be accomplished by securing the locking member to the tab as shown in Figs. IX and X in which a U-shaped staple 29 is provided and its terminals driven through the inner face of the tab and through the center portion of the locking member, and then clinched on the outer face of the tab by bending the terminals of the staple toward each other.

It will be apparent that by slight modification the various locking members described above may be adapted for use in connection with rectangular shingles by folding under the exposed ends and slipping within the fqlds a metallic locking member designed especially to coact with the edges of adjacent shingles in interlocking relation.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. An article of manufacture embodying a strip of material having its surface scored at uniform intervals to provide detachable sections, each of said sections having an intermediate portion of triangular configuration expanded beyond the plane of said strip for receiving the folded over corner of a shingle.

2. A roof covering comprising an aggregate of unit shingles laid in staggered overlapping courses, a strip of material laid between adjacent courses, and means on the strips and shingles coacting to lock each shingle between an overlying and underlying pair of strips.

3. A roof covering, embodying an aggregate of unit shingles laid in staggered overlapping courses, a strip of material laid between adjacent courses, and expanded portions formed along each strip at intervals spaced corresponding to the width of each unit shingle whereby to receive a shingle point in each of said expanded portions.

4. A roof covering comprising an aggregate of unit shingles laid in overlapping courses and in diagonal relation, the exposed corner of each shingle being folded under, and a strip of material laid between adjacent courses and contiguous to the run of the courses, said strips having spaced portions expanded to form recesses on one side of the strip and stops on the other, whereby the folded corners of the shingles may be received within the recesses, the stops constituting means to properly localize the shingles when they are laid.

5. In combination, a flexible shingle having a corner bent under to form a flap, a fastening member in the form of a plate fitting within the fold of a width to extend from the fold to a point short of the top of said flap, angularly directed ends following the contour of the shingle on said fastening member, and means securing the center portion of the plate to the shingle flap.

6. A new article of manufacture embodying a metal strip having its surface scored at uniform intervals to form detachable sections and expanded portions between each adjacent pair of such intervals forming recesses, said sections when separated from the strip along the scorings constituting looking members for shingles.

7. A flexible shingle having a corner bent under to form a flap, and a fastening means comprising a plate of a length to extend from end to end of the fold and of a width to extend from the fold to a short of the top of said flap and loosely held within the fold.

8. A flexible shingle having one corner bent under to form a flap, and a fastening means comprising a plate inserted within the fold of a width to extend from the fold to a point short of the top of said flap and having its ends formed to follow the contour of the shingle.

9. A flexible shingle having a corner bent under to form a flap, a fastening member in the form of a plate held within the fold of a width to extend from the fold to a point short of the top of said flap, and having angularly directed ends following the contour of the shingle.

10. A flexible shingle having a corner bent under to form a flap, a fastening member in the form of a plate held within the fold and having end portions for engagement beneath the edges of underlying shingles, and a staple securing the center portion of the plate to the flap.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Maurer, N. J., this twenty-first day of F ebruary, 1922.

GEO. BITTER. Witnesses:

FREDERICK B. CANN,

FRED L. HERB.

point

Images