US1673837A - Magnetic separator - Google Patents

Description

.Fume 19, 1928.

A. LOTZ MAGNETI C SEPARATOR bblz tig Filed March 26, 1928 1 van Inl/ul ful/101011711,

2T. SEMA/M TTDRNEV Patented June 19, 1928.,

PATENT OFFICE.

UETED STATES ALBERT LOTZ, GF BERLIN-SIEMENSSTADT, GERMANY, ASSIGN'OR T0 SIEMENSfSCHUCK- ERTWERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, OF BERLINuSIEMENSSTADT, GERMANY, A COR- PORATION OF GERMANY.

MAGNETIC SEPARATOR.

Application led March 26, 1928, Serial No.

This invention relates to a magnetic separating device :t'or separating magnetic substances, or substances which are only partially magnetic from a liquid or gasA while pa-ssing through a pipe or conduit.

The object ot' this invention is to provide a device which willV collect such magnetic substances which usually'accumulate from scale or the like which loosens from the interior of piping and may prevent clogging thereof, and accordingly provide a central station at which point said accumulations may be readily removed from the system.

This device is particularly useful in connection with refrigerating machines of the absorption type in which the difference of pressure throughout the fluid contained therein sometimes becomes very delicately balanced and consequently it is desirable to avoid as much as possible any restrictions or resistance to the fluid flow, such for instance as would be set up in a fluid passing through a filter.

Other objects will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Figure 1 represents a vertical sectional view of one form of my invention in connection with suitable piping therefor;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of Fig. 1 taken on line 2 2;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a modil'ied form of my invention also shown in connection with suitable piping therefor; and

Fig'. 4 is a bottom view of the electro niagnet shown in Fig. 3.

lil/ith reference to the drawing. 4 is a casing made ot' magneticdron and is formed of two parts secured together 'by screws 4a to house a magnet coil 5., and provide a chainber 6 through which the fluid.v ladencd with a n'iagnetic substance, is caused to i'iow. rQhe iluid in this instance 'may be fed into the chan'iber -5 through the pipe line 7 and pass therefrom through the pipeline 8. 'lhe pipe lines l and 8 are connected to the casing 4 through llanges 9 and 10 respectively b' screws 10 or similar means, and thereby means are provided *for removing the casing' 4- iirom the systen'i llor clearing the chambei' 6 of magnetic substances which have 264,668, and in Germany February 17, 1927.

been collected therein in a manner which' will hereinafter appear.

So as not to interrupt continuous operation of the fluid flowing system while the casing 4 is removed for cleaning, etc., a bypass 11 is provided and also valves suitably located as shown at 14, 15 and 16; -tl1e valves 14 and 16 are closed while the casingY 4 is removed and the valve 15 is open to perl mit the fluid to flow from pipe line 7 to pipe. hne 8 by way of said by-pass 1l. Normally, however, the valve 15 is closed while valves 14 and 16 are open to cause the Huid to flow through chamber 6.

The casing 4 is provided with two hubs 1T and 18 extending inward which serve as pole pieces for the magnetic. circuit indicated by the small arrows. The sleeve 19 is made of a metal. which is non-magnetic and which'will endure when in contact with the fluid which flows through chamber 6. In a refrigeration machine employing ammonia, it is suggested that the sleeve 19 may be made of lead; however, this metal does not have sullicient strength to support the pressure sometimes maintained in such systems and accordingly it must be re-enforced; therefore, a sleeve 2O is provided which surrounds the sleeve 19 and may be made of brass or any non-magnetic metal,` the lead lining' 1S) serving to protect the sleeve 2() from coming in contact with the ammonia and from its deteriorating action.v

As a consequence of the sleeves 19 and 20 being made of nonmagnetic metal we have a magnetic gap between the pole pieces li and 18, and accordingly when the magnet coil 5 is energized by an electric current the magnetic influence emanating trom said pole pieces will attract and collect all magnetic substances contained within the lluid passing through the chamber 6.

vWith reference to the modilication shown in 3, here the pipe lines 7 and 8, luy-pass 11 and valves 14, 15 and 16 are arranged and function in substantially the same order as described with reference to `Fig. l. A casing is provided with a nozzle 22 protruding downward into a vessel Q3. 'lhe casing 21 and nozzle 22 should be made of a magnetic niet al but the vessel 223 should be nomnagnet ie, und might be mudo ol porcelain. A. cover 34 ior the casing Q1 and which carries the vessel 23 should be made ot nonmagnetic vof lid 24, and is provided .With a central core 29 which carries a magnet coil 27 and thus forming an electro-magnet particularly suitable tor A. C. current. The magnetic circuit is indicated by small arrows and includes the frame structure 28, casing 21, .nozzle 22 and central core 29; with an air gap provided between the eudv30 of the nozzle and end 40 of the central core. Consequently when the magnet coil 27 is energized while the fluid,

'ladened with magnetic substances, passes ,through the chamber 41, said substances will be collected in the vessel 23 or adhere t-o/the4 nozzle 22 as indicated by 3l and 32 respectively. Tlie nozzle 22 is funnel-shaped as shown at 23 to provide space for an appreciable quantity ot magnetic' substance to ad.

here thereto Without'restricting the How of iuid through the nozzle 22; however, an in stant break in the current through the coil 27 will release the magnet-ic 'substance from the nozzle 22 and permit it to fallito the bottom of vessel 23.

At certain intervals, of. course. the vessel 23 must be emptied and otherwise cleaned;

and this may be done Without interruption to continuous operation in the system by diverting the Huid flow to pass through the by-pass 11, and then removing the lid 24 to gain access to the inside of the device.

ln either device shown, Fig. 1 or Fig. 3, `either A. C. or D. C. current may be employed, as any heat generated by A. C. current will readily be dissipated by the fluid `flmving' through the system.

ln the device of Fig. l the sectional area of the chamber is .large relative to the sectionalv area oi the piping in general and accordingly the velocity of 'the Huid through the system is reduced at this point and thus affording ample opportunity for the magnetic substances to be attracted to the pole pieces of the magnetic circuit. This same condition exists in the device of Fig. 3, but in addition the fluid is sharply diverted in its travel from the nozzle 22 and through the amasar -chamber VVtlpand lfurther facilitates the retention ot the magnetic substances within this device. .lt is obvious that the duid might -tlow through either' of these devices in either direction without altering the effectiveness thereof.

I claim :e

l. A magnetic separator comprising a casing having a chamber therein, an electromagnet provided with a. magnetic circuit having pole pieces relatively spaced to provide a magnetic gap Within said chamber, a vessel ot' nonmagneticnnaterial within said chamber for vcollecting magnetic substances, such as may pass through said chamber, and interposed between said pole pieces, and means for connecting said chamber in a'pipe line. l

2. A magnetic'separator comprising a casing having a'body portion of magnetic niaterial and a hollow tubular pole piece projecting inwardly from said body portion, a

casingportion of non-magnetic material removably connected to said body portion to form a chamber, means for connecting said chamber in a pipe line comprising a connection to said hollow pole piece, and an electromagnet associated with said removable casing portion to ,form a magnetic gap between its core and said tubular portion.

3. A magnetic separator comprising a casing formed ot' magnetic material and ot inverted cup shape, said casing having a pole piece projecting downwardly from thc bottom thereof toward its open side, acover of non-magnetic material removably secured to said casing to close the open side thereof, means for connecting said casing in a pipe line, and an electromagnet associated with said cover to -form a magnetic gap between its core and said pole piece.

4. In a magnetic separator,.an inlet pole piece having a flaring end, a non-magnetic collecting cup surrounding said pole piece, an electromaguet supported adjacent the base of the collecting cup in such manner that its lines ot force pass through the base of the cup and toward the flaring end ofthe pole piece.

Signed at Berlin-Siemensstadt, in the Republic of Germany, this 1st day of March,

A. D. 1928. y

ALBERT. LOTZ.

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