US1772487A - Roofing - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 12,1930. B. E. HORNE 1,772,487

ROOFING Filed June 24, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 m U1 m m m m an u: m m m cu m m m m m m A cu II! m m m a: m m m m m m m 5 cm H] :1: E13 m m 5 m m cu :1: v m m m m m a m 57 m m m m 52' m 54 m m /4 F m m 5/ m III /0 m m INVENTOR.

M 5 W BY W ATTORNEY Aug. 12, 1930. 5.5. HORNE ,4

ROOFING Filed June 24, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

' 5. W BY 1 A/m@- Aug. 12, 1930. B. E. HORNE 1,772,487

ROOFING Filed June 24, 1926 r 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. M 21 BY 4MM TT0RNEY. k

I Patented Aug. 12, 1930 PATENT OFFICE BUBCKABD E. HORNE, F ANDOVEB, MASSACHUSETTS Boon-me Application filed June 24,

This invention relates to shingles, particularly those. of the asbestos or composition type, and the method of applyin them to a roof. It might be used wit meta or wooden shin les if desired.

7 l ith one type of roof, rectangular shingles, with the lower. and upper edges parallel to eaves and ridge, are used, the old method being either to mark a line along the 10 .lower edges or to use a straight edge. A type of roof to which m invention applies however is that in whic the shingles are of rectangular or diamond shapes, with the points up, or of any shape in which the upper edges aresubstantially in the form of an isosceles triangle, the upper points. of all the shingles in any particular course being equi-distant apart and in a line parallel with the ridge.

Great difliculty has been found in correctly laying such shingles even where lines are drawn parallel with the ridge, or where a straight edge is used along the bottom edges or. points; The bottom edges are often in the shape of cut off points or may be all of more or less fanciful design.

I am well aware that notches and tangs and other methods of marking the shingles in the various courses, to asssist in properly alining them, have been used, but this particular in- 39 vention applies to marks alongthe upper.

edges of a shingle which is substantially pomted at the top, my markings being of such character that the lower mark 0 an upper course coincides with an'upper opposite mark of a lower course.

By this, arrangement, if it is necessary to fasten down the bottom corner of the shingle, this may be done in any of various ways, but the marks or marking slots along the upper edges are entirely covered up when the roof is finished, and donot show at all.

By the use of passages, by which term I also include notches, in my preferred construction if a roof is not even I can at any stage of the laying, mark a straight parallel line on the roof and, as I can see this line through my notches or holes, I can at any time readily rectify the alinement.

When the lowest row of shingles is correctly set, by using for at least part of my 1926. Serial No. 118,158.

setting marks, suitable passages such as notches or holes, I can cause the marks in the next course to accurately register on the opposite hi her .or lower marks on .the two adoining s ingles in the lower course over the edgesof which it overlaps, and thus secure a perfect alinement.

i I prefer to use notches, the lower edges of the two upper of which are in a line parallel with the edges of the lower notches, both lines to be parallel with the ridge.

The type of shingle to which my invention applies as at the to two horizontal adjacent substantially straig t edges which come together at a junction, which is intended to be laid at the top. The other two edges are preferably substantially straight and come together in such form that when laid, they cover the right and left junction points of the next lower course, and also the upper junction of the second lower course.

In referrin to the edges of the shingles I will describe the two adjoining top edges as the top edges, and the other two as the bottom edges, and will refer to the upper left and lower right marks as opposites, and the upper right and lower left marks as opposites.

In the drawings, F i 1 is a view which may be called a plan or e evation as it shows a roof, the pitch of which is usually about 45, covered with one type of shingles embodying my invention, part of the roof being broken away to show a working line for the roof.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1 of a section of roof on a somewhat larger scale, certain parts being indicated by dotted lines, and others broken away for clearness.

Fig. 3 shows a single shingle of the type shownas laid in Figs. 1 and 2,

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show other types of shingles with my device applied thereto.

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but on a still'larger scale, and with Various sections broken away to show the construction.

Fig. 8 shows the application to another slightly diiferent type of shingle.

Fig. 9 shows a difiercnt kind of alining mark or hole.

Fig. 10 shows an alternative construction.

Fig. 11 shows a single shingle and Fig. 12 a roof of a modified type.

Fig. 13 shows another modification.

In the drawings, A represents a roof which is shown as of rectangular shape, with the ends 3 and 4, bottom edge 2 and ridge 1.

B represents generally shinggles of the type indicated, while B, B B shows how .these shingles are laid.

Ea shingle is of substantially rectangular or diamond shape, the bottom edges 11 and 14 instead of coming to a point, bemg cut off at 10.

v The top edges 12 and 13, instead of coming to a point with the bottom ed cs 11 and 14, are formed into the tangs 16 an 17 while near the bottom the material is cut at 115 to form a lockin tang 15, which as shown in Fig. 7, is intended to pass under'16 and 17, thus holding down the bottom part of the shingle.

The top point between the sides 12 and 13 is also cut away at 18, but this is merely a result of the method of cutting the tang 17 from the stock.

The top edges 12 and 13 of each shingle have two sets of oppositely disposed notches or marks 20 and 21, and 22 and 23, which are preferably of angular form, the lower edges, such as 120 and 123, of each notch being parallel with the ridge when the shingles are laid. Such lower edges in all cases are of I the same length, while the upper edges such notches such as 22 and 23 are ined u as 220 and 223 are of equal ength. When such notches are superimposed as shown in Fig. 7, they form a triangiular passage through which a line, such as on the roof can be seen.

vSuch a line X, Y, is also shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and it is obvious that where a locking tang such as 15 or any other locking device such for instance as L, shown in Fig. 8, is used, the bottom point or junction --Y, marked of the bottom edges can be located and held while the two oppositely dis osed bottom on a line such as X, Y, or are lined up with the top edges such as 12 and '13 of the shin les of the next lower course whether such s ingles have any top notches such as 20 and 21' or not. Moreover as the lowest course is accurately started, it'is, clear that if only the bottom notches or marks on the top edges are used in connection with any third point such as tang 15, the shingles of an upper course can individuallybe accurately positioned-with reference to those on the next lower course and the roof in general. On the other hand if there is no fastening device at the lower point, see Figs. 9 to 13, either or both of the upper marks make the third positioning means or indicator whereby each shingle can be accurately laced.

However if there is no ockin means for the bottom point and no to mar s, but only the two marks, one near t e bottomend of each top edge, they are of great practical assistance in accurately placing each succeeding 111211181 course b using a chalk line such as Y, or mere y by sighting along them with the eye and etting) them in a straight line parallel with the ottom edge of the roof.

Referring to Fig. 7, the lowest course, the shin les of which may be indicated by B, can e laid along the bottom edge 2 of the roof, or along a marked line or straight edge, maklng the part 10 parallel with the ridge and the diagonal line from 18 to 10 at ri t angles thereto.

- 'A shingle of the next course such as B, is so laid that the lower edge 123 of the bottom right notch of its upper edge 13 coincides with and lies directly over the bottom edge 120 of the upper left notch in the opposite upper edge 12 of the next lower course B.

This brings the tang 17 in position where,

My device may be applied to shin les such as shown in Fig. 4 at F,which have t eir own peculiar locking device 56 at the bottom, by cutting the-two sets'of oppositely disposed notches 50 and 51, 52 and 53 in the upper ed es thereof. I

n Fig. 5, at G, another type of bottom fastening device 66 is shown together with settin notches 60, 61, and 62, 63. a

In 1 6 the shingle C has no locking device at t e bottom although it may be turned up underneath as indicated at 35 if desired,

and this has the setting notches 30,31 and This type of shingle as shown in Fig. 8, may be used in connection with a fastener of metal L which holds down the bottom edge.

As shown in Fig. 9, I may use as marking passages, the holes 320, 321, 322, 323, pierced through and proximate the top adjoining edges 318, 319.

In this case, I cause the lower right hole 323 of an upper course shingle K to register with the upper left hole 3200f a lower course shingle K, and cause the lower left hole 322 to register with an upper right such as 321 of a lower course.

' The essential feature of my invention is the use of two sets each of two marks, preferably in form of passages placed near the top edges; the two upper marks being at equal distances from the top and the two lower marks being at equal distances therefrom.

I may use as shown in Fig. 11, passages or holes such as 72 or 73 for the lower marks, and merely dots or other similar marks such as 70 and 71 for the upper marks.

In this case the holes 73 and 72 of the course indicated by M and M are passed over the upper marks 70 and 71 of the lower course shingle M", care being taken to center them like the bulls-eye of a tar et. When the courses indicated by M and 2 and M are laid, the lower ends of the next course M cover up the marks entirely as shown in Fig. 12.

As shown in Fig. 13, instead of any passages, I may use marks such as painted lines,

- or creases, or rows of punctures.

These are shown on the shingles P P P, P. Two u per marks are indicated by 80 and 81 and the two lower marks by 82 and 83.

As shown, these are of angular form, but it is obvious that various other forms might be used.

The end of each upper mark 81 on a shin gle such as P in a lower course registers with the end of a lower mark such as 82 on the top adjoining edge of a shingle such as P in the next upper course. The end of mark 83 on shingle P registers with the end of mark 80 on shingle P.

I claim:

1. 'The combination with a pitched roof having a substantially straight horizontal ridge; of a pluralit of shingles each of substantially rectangu ar shape positioned with a point towards the top and in overlapping courses from the bottom toward the top, the bottom edges of the upper rows over-lapping the top edges of the next lower row; the top edges of each shingle having two sets of similar oppositely disposed angular notches the lower edge of each notch being parallel with the ridge, the lower edges of the upper notches being in the same line and the lower edges of the lower notches being in a different line, both lines being parallel with each other and with the ridge, the lower notch on one side of each shingle being over and registering with the upper opposite notch of a shingle in a lower course.

2. A roof comprising a plurality of horiing with the lower edge of an upper opposite notch of a shingle in a lower course.

3. A roof comprising a plurality of horizontal courses of flat flexible fiber. shingles arranged so that the shingles of successive courses partly overlie the shingles of the next lower course, each of said shingles having its top edges disposed at an angle with the courses of shing es and each top edge having an upper passage, such upper passages being in a line parallel with the courses and each top edge having a lower passa e, such lower passages being in a line paral el with the courses, the lower passage of an upper course registering with the upper opposite passage 0 a lowercourse.

4. A roof comprising a' lurality of horizontal courses of flat flexilile fiber shingles arranged so that the shingles of successive courses partly overlie the shin les of the next lower course, each of said s ingles having its top edges disposed at an angle with the courses of shingles and each edge having proximate its upper end an upper mark and near its lower end a lower mark; the upper mark on one edge of a shingle in a lower course registering with the lower opposite mark of a shingle in the next upper course.

5. A roof comprising a lurality of horizontal courses of flat flexi 1e fiber shingles arranged 'so that the shingles of successive. courses partly overlie the shingles of the next lower course, each of said shingles having its top edges dis osed at an angle with the courses of shing es, and each top edge having near its upper end an upper mark, and near its lower end a lower mark, the upper marks being equidistant from the top and the lower marks being equidistant from the top, the upper mark on one edge of a shingle in a lower course registering with the lower opposite mark of a shingle in the next upper course.

BURGHARD E. HORNE.

zontal courses of shingles arranged so that the shingles of successive courses partly overlie the shingles of the next lower course, each of said shingles having its upper part formed as an isosceles triangle each side of which has two angular notches, the lower edges of the two upper notches being in line and the lower edges of the two lower notches being in line, such lines being parallel with the courses of shingles and the lower edge of each lower notch of an upper course register-

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