US1833108A - Atomizing nozzle - Google Patents

Description

Nbvqz'4, 1931. CAMERlNO 1,833,108

ATOMIZING NOZZLE Filed Sept. 27. 1929 2' Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Erneal fame 20.

Nov. 24, 1931. CAMERINO 1;833,10 8

ATOMI Z ING NOZ ZLE Filed Sept. 27, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheer. 2

INVENTOR rne ls fmen'no Patented Nov. 24, 1931 UNITED. STATES ERNEST CAMERINO, on NEW Yomen. Y.

ATOMIZING NOZZLE Application filed September 27, 1929. Serial No. 395,542.

This inventionrelates to the art of atomizing liquids and more particularly refers to improvements in atomizing nozzles of a type suitable for use in connection with oil burners and with spraying appliances where the liquid to be atomized orsprayed is forced through the nozzle by pressure.

The invention is primarily intended for use in connection with oil burners where it is desirable'to produce both a very fine atomization of the fuel and a spray having a rela tively wide angle causing an intimate mixture to occur between the fuel particles and a relatively large amount of air supporting combustion.

In the art of atomizing oil and other liquid fuels it has been long recognized as being advantageous to impart to the fuel particles of which the spray is constituted a whirling motion inducing in said parti les a tendency to spread away from the nozzle.

Such a whirling motion results not only in a better and finer atomization but also increases the range of the spray, thus creating conditions which are conducive to thorough mixing of the fuel particles with the air and proper combustion of said particles.

A whirling motion of the fuel particles is generally obtained by providing helical surfaces or spiral surfaces converging towards the nozzle opening. in the path of the fuel, previous to its passage through the nozzle and consequent atomization. However, although arrangements of th s character have been found to be ouitesatisfactory in practice. when the fuel is forced through the nozzle by the action of air or steam under pressure. they have not been found to be very.

eff ctive where, hydrostatic pressure is used.

In certain types of pressure burners, the fuel is admitted to the nozzle opening through a plurality of very small Spiro-inclined passages converging towards said opening, the atomization depending entirely upon the breaking up action of the edges of the nozzle opening upon the fuel when the fuel isforced to pass therethrough.

I have found that both the atomization of the fuel and the angle of the spray can be 50 improved if the fuel is caused to impinge against peripheral spiral surfaces provided in proximity of the nozzle opening, said surfaces tending to deflect said fuel inwardly towards said opening. 1

The primary object of this invention is to provide an atomizing nozzle of a novel and improved construction, adapted for use in connection withpressure burners and like appliances, whereby the fuel is caused to acquire a spiral motion in a plane substantially atright angle to the axis of the nozzle before the fuel particles actually pass through the opening from which they issue in the form of a white spray.

Another object is to provide an atomizing nozzle of the character specified composed of relatively few parts which are entirely accessible and are therefore easily cleaned or replaced.

A further object is to provide-in a nozzle of the character specified, a novel and .improved type of auxiliary fuel chamber adapted to cause a whirling motion of the fuel particles before they actually issue from the nozzles. V

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will more fully appear as the description proceeds and will be set forth and claimed in the appended claim.

My invention is illustrated by way of ex ample in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary longitudinal section, on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2. of the tip end of a pressure nozzle embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is an end view thereof with parts broken away;

Fig. 3 is a front View of the auxiliary fuel chamber;

7 Fig. 4 is a side view thereof;

Fig. 5 is a front view of an auxiliary fuel chamber having a diflerent number of deflecting surfaces; 7

Fig. 6 is a side view thereof;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentarylongitudinal sec-- tion of the tip end of a nozzle adapted for use in burners where a relatively small fuel consumption is desired;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of the tip end of a nozzle embodying my invention in a modified form; and

Fig. 9 is a front elevation of the auxiliary chamber used in the same.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, 10 designates the outer portion of a tubular nozzle, having its outer end 11 threaded to receive a threaded collar 12; said collar 12 has an opening 13 substantially of the same diameter as the tubular chamber 14 within nozzle 10.

The collar is thereforeformcd with a rim portion 15 which acts as a means for clamping the other Pt rts 16, 17, of which the nozzle is composed, between said rim portion and the end surface 18 of part 10.

'Part 16 is a disk provided with a nozzle opening 19, forming the front wall of the nozzle and part 17 is a plate embossed to form an open front auxiliary fuel chamber 20, opening directly behind disk 16. Both disk 16'and part 17 are provided with flanges 21. 22 which fit the inside of collar 12 and which are clamped in position by said collar.

The chief characteristic of this invention resides in the peripheral outline of chamber 20 and the manner of admitting fuel thereto.

By referring to Figs. 2, 3, it will be seen that the peripheral wall of said chamber is subdivided into a number of spiral segments 23,'the adjoining ends of contiguous segments being connected by substantially radial tracts or sections 24.

The outline of said chamber therefore resembles that of a hollow ratchet wheel, the inner surface 23 of each segment forming a deflecting surface for the fuel which is ad- -'mitted to the chamber through perforations such as 25 provided in each radial tract 2%.

Opening 19 is very small as will be understood, but preferably spreads at the rear to form a funnel-shaped enlargement 26 facing chamber20.

By virtue of this construction, the fuel or other liquid is forced by pressure through openings 24: causing the fuel to issue therefrom in a direction tangential or at a very small angle to the surface of the ad o1n1ng --spiral segments 23.

The fuel thus admitted within chamber 20 at spaced peripheral points is deflected inwardly by surfaces 23 so that in each segmental portion of the auxiliary fuel chamber the liquid is subjected to a squeezing action from the wider towards the narrower end of said segmen .al portion, this result-in in the liquid being forced through opening This deflecting action also Causes the body of fuel contained within chamber 20 to rotate after the fashion of a pinwheel, while it is being gradually forced throiilgh funnelshaped chamber 26 and opening 19.

As aresult the spray issuing from opening if) "has a relatively wide angle and is com- .posedof only two spiral segments 28 joined a relatively high pressure upon the fuel. (.1

sulting in an excessive consumption of fuel.

posed of very finely atomized particles, these conditions insuring a proper combustion and high operating efficiency.

The peripheral outline of chamber 20 may be composed of three spiral segments as shown, but may also be composed of a greater or lesser number of segments. F or instance, in Figs. 5, 6, I illustrate an auxiliary chamber 27, the peripheral wall of which is comby radial tracts 29. It is also possible to make a chamber of which a single spiral segment extending for 360 is used, or else to make a chamber where four or more segments are used. As a general rule a more ellicient action' will be had if the'peripheral wall of the auxiliary chamber is composed of three or four spiral segments.

invention may also be applied in connection with burners where a limited fuel consumption is desired. it is well known that opening in order to produce a thorough atomizatrou of the fuel. It is also necessary to use This results essentially in conditions whereby the fuel issuing through the nozzle cannot go below a certain limit if thorough atomization to be had. In small heath plants. it is desirable at times to provide foiiigg,

a smaller fuel consumption than would resuit by. the use of an opening of the minimum practical diameter andby a. pressure as reduced as atomizing conditions will warrant.

the arrangement of Fig. 7, through the nozzle openingdiminished to a certain extent by 'iroviding the rear wall of the auxiliary fuel chamber with an outlet permittingsome of the fuel contained within said chamber to issue into a conduitl leadingsaid fuel to a storage tank or container.

Referring to Fig. 7. 30 designates the outer portion of a nozzle the outer end of which 31 is threaded like in the previous case to l:

receive a threaded collar 32.

The nozzle is completed by a front disk 33 prov ded with a nozzle opening 32k and an auxiliary fuel chamber 35. said disk and fuel he icy-ff.

chamber being clamped in position hyllii collar. 32.

The rear wall 36of the auxiliary fuel chamber has a hollow hub portion37 over which is forced the end of a return tube 33; and the central part of wall 36 separating chamber within hollow hub 37 and chamber provided with an opening or outlet in through which part of the fuel contained within chant her 35 may issue while another part issues through nozzle opening 34.

Tube 38 leads the fuel thus withdrawn from chamber 35 to a storage tank in the rea and constitutes a relief outlet permitting the use ofrelatively high pressures without re- Although in the nozzle shown in Figs. 1 to 6, I prefer to use a recessed cup member as shown in order to produce the auxiliary chamber, due to the ease with which such a construction may be obtained by die stampingmethods and its consequent low cost of manufacture, it is of course possible to provide an auxiliary chamber differing in its construction from those principally shown.

Such a possibility is illustrated by way of example in Figs. 8, 9 where it is seen that the auxiliary chamber 41 is formed by a disk or plate 42 provided with a rib 43 forming the peripheral wall of the auxiliary chamber, said rib, like in the previous case, being composed of a plurality of spiral segments 44 connected by substantially radial tracts 45.

When the device is assembled, the edge of the rib rests directly against the inner surface of the disk member 46. Connection between the inside of the casing 47 and auxiliary chamber 41 is in this case established by means of openings 48 provided through the disk 42 externally of rib 43 and grooves such as 49 provided across the edge of radial tracts 45. I

Itwill be observed that the general con struction of my improved nozzle is very simple and that the same can be quickly taken apart for the purpose of cleaning or inspection or repair. 7

Minor details of construction of my nozzle may vary from those shown without departing from the inventive idea; the drawings are therefore to be considered as beinsr intended for illustrative purposes only and not in a limitin sense. Accordingly. I reserve the right to carry my invention into practice in all those ways and manners which may enter, fairly, into the scope of the appended claim.

I claim:

A nozzle comprising a tubular casing, an end piece therefor provided with a central outlet, a, flanged cup member extending within said casing at the rear of said end piece, said cup member together with said end piece forming an auxiliary chamber. the outer peripheral surface of said cup member being spaced from the inner surface of said casing, the inner peripheral surface of said cup memher being composed of a plurality of inwardly directed spiral segments and substantially radially directed tracts connecting adjoining ends of adjoining segments, openings through said radially directed tracts for admitting liquid within said chamber, to impinge against the surfaces of said spiral segments, and an open end cap member clamping said end piece and the flange of said cup member in position onto said casing.

ERNEST CAMERINO.

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