US1843349A - Artificial leather fabrication - Google Patents
Artificial leather fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1843349A US1843349A US396412A US39641229A US1843349A US 1843349 A US1843349 A US 1843349A US 396412 A US396412 A US 396412A US 39641229 A US39641229 A US 39641229A US 1843349 A US1843349 A US 1843349A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- web
- impregnated
- artificial leather
- latex
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010058 rubber compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/904—Artificial leather
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24438—Artificial wood or leather grain surface
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/24562—Interlaminar spaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249981—Plural void-containing components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31826—Of natural rubber
- Y10T428/3183—Next to second layer of natural rubber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31826—Of natural rubber
- Y10T428/31841—Next to cellulosic
Definitions
- This invention relates to thefabricatioii more particularly of the type comprising a foundation of mterfelted cellulose fibers impregnated throughout with rubber.
- a product is useful in making various articles, suchas shoes, upholstered furniture, automobile tops,,travel1ng bags,
- the inner surface of the innersole should be finished tov provide good appearance and suitable feel to the foot.
- artificial leather-such as de scribed is finished and embossed to produce the desired appearance and feel, under theheavy pressure employed, in embossing it becomes so compacted and loses so much resiliency and porosity as to be unacceptable for the purpose desired.
- I produce an artificial leather from a plurality of rubber-impregnated plies of inter- I felted cellulose fiber, a-surface ply being suitably finished and embossed before being bonded with the other ply or plies. vBy finishing and embossing only a surface ply which maybe a comparatively thin sheet, it is possible to produce a product having not only the desired appearance and feel but also having the resiliency and porosity desired in such articles as inners'oles.
- the rub er-impregnated web to serve as the surface ply of the finished'prodnot is of lower rubber content than the other ply or plies, so that after this ply is finished with suitable materials such as lacquers, and' then embossed, it will have greater porosity than were a ply of higher rubber content em-' ployed.
- surface ply may have a rubber ficontent of, say, about to 90%, based on her, whereas the other ply or plies may have a rubber content of, say, about 100% to 200%, also based on fiber.
- plies of difierent rubber content in the production of an artificial leather to be used in the manufacture of innersoles is not, however, my sole invention, this feature being disclosed and claimed in application Serial No. 395,744, filed'September 27, 192?, by George A. Richter and 5 myself.
- a procedure which may be followed in producing the product of th present invention may be substantially as follows.
- a fluffy web composed of looselyiinterfelted cellulose fibers and possessing high porosity is preferably used as the foundation material for all the plies.
- a web of unusually high porosity may be 'producedby using a substantially unbeaten wood fiber of high alpha cellulose content, say, 94% or 'greater,'as a raw mapapermaking machine designed tb efl'ect dewatering and drying of the web without the application of' the heavy pressures used in ordinary papermaki'ng practice.
- other fibers in substantially unbeaten condi-v tion such as sulphite, kra ft, or" soda pulp,
- wood fiber of high alpha cellulose content is terial, and forming such fiber into a web on a may be employed, a substantially unbeaten 1 preferred, because it is more highly absorp a bath of as described in application Serial No. 37 3,055
- the dry, porous web may be passed through rubber-carrying vehicle such as an ammonia-preserved latex of a solids content of, say, about 16%, at which content immersion for about five to thirty seconds effects a thorough impregnation of the web.
- rubber-carrying vehicle such as an ammonia-preserved latex of a solids content of, say, about 16%, at which content immersion for about five to thirty seconds effects a thorough impregnation of the web.
- the impregnated web may be squeezed until its rubber solids content is about 70% to 90%, based on the weight of dry fiber, and if to be used as the other plies, until its rubber 5 solids content is about 100% to 120%.
- the ammonia-preserved latex may be treated with the oxide of an amphoteric metal, preferably zinc oxide, as described in application Serial No. 369,267, filed June 7, 1929, by Roger B. Hill, or with alkaline earth metal hydroxides, preferably slaked lime,
- protective colloids such as soluble soaps" or caseinates which are capable of be ing precipitated by lime as insoluble calcium soaps or caseinates, are preferably added to the latex prior to the addition of the slaked lime, in order to overcome coagulating tendencies.
- Such treatment of the latex prior 'to its use for the impregnation of the Web makes possible the production of a dried,
- a vulcanized latex may be used, so that when the latex-impregnated web is subsequently dried, the rubber will be coco agulated in the Web in vulcanized condition.
- Suitable rubbercompounding materials, Vulcanizing agents, and accelerators of vulcanization may be as added to the artificial or natural rubber disso that the dried rubber-impregnated web may be vulcanized under the action of heat, if desired;
- the web used as a foundation material for all the plies is preferably comparatively thin.
- a web of about 100 pounds basis weight i. e., the weight of 2880 sq. ft. of web
- the impregnated web is of insufficient thickness for the manufacture of products such as innersoles, so that it is necessary to bondtogether two or more webs.
- the impregnated web to be used as the surface ply is suitably finished and embossed into a finished product of the desired thickness.
- a single web impregnated to a rubber content of preferably about 70% to may be finished according to the colqr, gloss, grain, and Wearing qualities desired.
- the lacquer maybe applied to the surface of the web as by spray ing, whereupon the coated product may be dried.
- the lacquered surface may then be embossed under heavy pressures, to produce grain effects simulating those of natural leather, the finished and embossed ply being of much greater compactness than the original rubber-impregnated web.
- the finishing and embossing treatment may include additional steps to ensure a finish of sufficient thickness and covering power.
- an initial 'or base coat of clear nitrocellulose lacquer may be applied to the surface of the sheet, whereupon one or more coats of nitiocellulose lacquer containing suitable pigments or fillers may be applied.
- the base coat prevents sinking of the pigments or fillers into the rubber-impregnated V cellulose lacquer coatings, are of greater porosity.
- the finished sheet may then be embossed, as previously described.
- the finished embossed sheet may then be bonded with one or more other sheets having a rubber content of about 100% to 120%, a rubber adhesive such as latex preferably being used as the bonding material.
- a rubber adhesive such as latex preferably being used as the bonding material. It has been found advantageous to moisten the wet surfaces of the dried, rubber-impregnated sheets, and then to apply comparatively thick, concentrated latex as the bonding material, whereupon the sheets may be superposed, united under comparatively slight pressure, and dried.
- a parently the initial moistefling or setting the plies promotes penetration of the thick latex into the surface portion of the plies, and results in a v better interlocking or bonding together 0t the latex is face-to-face relationship after dried.
- the resulting product may be cut into innersoles or other shoe parts, or be used for any other articles-where characteristics such as possessed thereby are desired.
- An artificial leather product compristhe plies in ing a plurality of rubber-impregnated plies I of celulose fibers, the surface ply only being finished and embossed and'having greater compactness than the rest of the product.
- a method which comprises finishing and embossing a porous, rubber-impregnated web of interfelted cellulose fibers, bonding it as a surface ply with one or more other porous, rubber-impregnated webs of interfelted cellulose fibers, and cutting into innersoles.
- An artificial leather product comprising a plurality of rubber-impregnated plies of cellulose fibers, includin a relatively thin surface ply, said surface p y only being fin- I ished and embossed and having greater compactness than the restof the product.
Description
v of artificial leather,
Patented Feb. 2, 1932 same srA WALLACE B. van ARSDEL, or BERLIN, nnw rrnmrsnmnnssrenoa 'ro Brown comrm, or BERLIN, mw'nnmrsmn, A conronn'rron or MAINE ARTIFICIAL ZEATHER, FABRICATION No Drawing.
This invention relates to thefabricatioii more particularly of the type comprising a foundation of mterfelted cellulose fibers impregnated throughout with rubber. Such "a product is useful in making various articles, suchas shoes, upholstered furniture, automobile tops,,travel1ng bags,
' and the like. It has been found that a powhen it is desired that the resu rous web of interfelted cellulose fiber made on machinery of the .papermaking'type serves well as the foundation material particularly lting product have characteristics closely simulating. thoseof natural leather. When a web.of the char acter described isimpregnated with a rubbercarrying vehicle such as the so-called rubber solutions in organic solvents, or aqueous dis- 'persions of rubber, and the liquid vehicle ,then removed, the resulting product has-high flexibility, tensile strength, and tear'resistance, and is resilient and of sufficient porosity to be 'used in the manufacture of innersoles which permit I breathing of the foot and which absorb perspiration therefrom. In some methods of shoemaking, it is desired to dispense with a so-called sock lining on the "innersole, but where this is done, the inner surface of the innersole should be finished tov provide good appearance and suitable feel to the foot. When artificial leather-such as de scribed is finished and embossed to produce the desired appearance and feel, under theheavy pressure employed, in embossing it becomes so compacted and loses so much resiliency and porosity as to be unacceptable for the purpose desired. I y
In accordance with thepresent invention, I produce an artificial leather from a plurality of rubber-impregnated plies of inter- I felted cellulose fiber, a-surface ply being suitably finished and embossed before being bonded with the other ply or plies. vBy finishing and embossing only a surface ply which maybe a comparatively thin sheet, it is possible to produce a product having not only the desired appearance and feel but also having the resiliency and porosity desired in such articles as inners'oles. I
In producing the artificial leather of the presentinvention, I prefer to use a highly Application filed September 30,1929. Serial No. 396,412.
porous web of loosely felted cellulose fiber as the foundation material, for, when such a web is impregnated with a suitable rubbercarrying liquid vehicle, upon the removal of theliquid vehicle, the rubber serves to bind together strongly the fibers of the foundation, and at the same time sufiicient porosity is restored thereto so that it is resilient andcapable of readil absorbing moisture. Preferably, the rub er-impregnated web to serve as the surface ply of the finished'prodnot is of lower rubber content than the other ply or plies, so that after this ply is finished with suitable materials such as lacquers, and' then embossed, it will have greater porosity than were a ply of higher rubber content em-' ployed. In making an artificial leather for use in the manufacture of innersoles, the:
surface ply may have a rubber ficontent of, say, about to 90%, based on her, whereas the other ply or plies may have a rubber content of, say, about 100% to 200%, also based on fiber. The use of plies of difierent rubber content in the production of an artificial leather to be used in the manufacture of innersoles is not, however, my sole invention, this feature being disclosed and claimed in application Serial No. 395,744, filed'September 27, 192?, by George A. Richter and 5 myself.
A procedure which may be followed in producing the product of th present invention, may be substantially as follows. A fluffy web composed of looselyiinterfelted cellulose fibers and possessing high porosity is preferably used as the foundation material for all the plies. A web of unusually high porosity may be 'producedby using a substantially unbeaten wood fiber of high alpha cellulose content, say, 94% or 'greater,'as a raw mapapermaking machine designed tb efl'ect dewatering and drying of the web without the application of' the heavy pressures used in ordinary papermaki'ng practice. ,While other fibers in substantially unbeaten condi-v tion, such as sulphite, kra ft, or" soda pulp,
wood fiber of high alpha cellulose content is terial, and forming such fiber into a web on a may be employed, a substantially unbeaten 1 preferred, because it is more highly absorp a bath of as described in application Serial No. 37 3,055
tive than the usual unbeaten commercialpersion,
wood fibers, and hence enhances the absorptivity or porosity resulting from theloosely felted, uncompacted condition of the fibers. The dry, porous web may be passed through rubber-carrying vehicle such as an ammonia-preserved latex of a solids content of, say, about 16%, at which content immersion for about five to thirty seconds effects a thorough impregnation of the web. If to be used as the surface ply of the sole, the impregnated web may be squeezed until its rubber solids content is about 70% to 90%, based on the weight of dry fiber, and if to be used as the other plies, until its rubber 5 solids content is about 100% to 120%. In
order to prevent migration of the rubber globules to the surface of the web during drying, the ammonia-preserved latex may be treated with the oxide of an amphoteric metal, preferably zinc oxide, as described in application Serial No. 369,267, filed June 7, 1929, by Roger B. Hill, or with alkaline earth metal hydroxides, preferably slaked lime,
filed June 22, 1929,]oy Roger B. Hill. When slaked-lime is the compound added to the latex to overcome migration tendencies during drying, protective colloids such as soluble soaps" or caseinates which are capable of be ing precipitated by lime as insoluble calcium soaps or caseinates, are preferably added to the latex prior to the addition of the slaked lime, in order to overcome coagulating tendencies. Such treatment of the latex prior 'to its use for the impregnation of the Web makes possible the production of a dried,
rubber-impregnated web of uniformity in re spect of rubber distribution therethrough, as troublesome non-rubber constituents of the latex, namely, the proteins and the resins, are converted to an insoluble, inert condition. Apparently, setting or coagulation of the rubber by drying is so retarded by the proteins and resins which exist respectively in an ammonia-preserved latex as Water-soluble proteinates and alkali resinates, that there is a tendency for rubber particles to migrate to the surface of the impregnated product,
Where evaporationof water is taking place.
(1 The tendency for migration of rubber particles is especially pronounced in the case of highly porous webs of cellulose fiber ofthe type described, evidently because of the high capillarly action takingplace during drying to cause such migration.
If desired, a vulcanized latex may be used, so that when the latex-impregnated web is subsequently dried, the rubber will be coco agulated in the Web in vulcanized condition.
Or artificial aqueous dispersions may be used in lieu of natural latex.' Suitable rubbercompounding materials, Vulcanizing agents, and accelerators of vulcanization may be as added to the artificial or natural rubber disso that the dried rubber-impregnated web may be vulcanized under the action of heat, if desired;
The web used as a foundation material for all the plies is preferably comparatively thin. In actual practice, a web of about 100 pounds basis weight (i. e., the weight of 2880 sq. ft. of web) may be employed to good advantage. The impregnated web is of insufficient thickness for the manufacture of products such as innersoles, so that it is necessary to bondtogether two or more webs. In accordance with the present invention, the impregnated web to be used as the surface ply is suitably finished and embossed into a finished product of the desired thickness. To this end, a single web impregnated to a rubber content of preferably about 70% to may be finished according to the colqr, gloss, grain, and Wearing qualities desired. The most durable of the finishes with which I am familiar are thenitroecellulose lacquers, as they impart gloss and smoothness to the sole and are permanent against the action of perspiration. The lacquer maybe applied to the surface of the web as by spray ing, whereupon the coated product may be dried. The lacquered surface may then be embossed under heavy pressures, to produce grain effects simulating those of natural leather, the finished and embossed ply being of much greater compactness than the original rubber-impregnated web. The finishing and embossing treatment may include additional steps to ensure a finish of sufficient thickness and covering power. For instance, an initial 'or base coat of clear nitrocellulose lacquer may be applied to the surface of the sheet, whereupon one or more coats of nitiocellulose lacquer containing suitable pigments or fillers may be applied. The base coat prevents sinking of the pigments or fillers into the rubber-impregnated V cellulose lacquer coatings, are of greater porosity. The finished sheet may then be embossed, as previously described.
The finished embossed sheet may then be bonded with one or more other sheets having a rubber content of about 100% to 120%, a rubber adhesive such as latex preferably being used as the bonding material. It has been found advantageous to moisten the wet surfaces of the dried, rubber-impregnated sheets, and then to apply comparatively thick, concentrated latex as the bonding material, whereupon the sheets may be superposed, united under comparatively slight pressure, and dried. A parently the initial moistefling or setting the plies promotes penetration of the thick latex into the surface portion of the plies, and results in a v better interlocking or bonding together 0t the latex is face-to-face relationship after dried. The resulting product may be cut into innersoles or other shoe parts, or be used for any other articles-where characteristics such as possessed thereby are desired.
I claim:
1. An artificial leather product compristhe plies in ing a plurality of rubber-impregnated plies I of celulose fibers, the surface ply only being finished and embossed and'having greater compactness than the rest of the product.
2. A method which comprises finishing and embossing a porous, rubber-impregnated web of interfelted cellulose fibers, bonding it as a surface ply with one or more other porous, rubber-impregnated webs of interfelted cellulose fibers, and cutting into innersoles.
3. An artificial leather product comprising a plurality of rubber-impregnated plies of cellulose fibers, includin a relatively thin surface ply, said surface p y only being fin- I ished and embossed and having greater compactness than the restof the product.
In testimony whereof I have afixed my signature.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US396412A US1843349A (en) | 1929-09-30 | 1929-09-30 | Artificial leather fabrication |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US396412A US1843349A (en) | 1929-09-30 | 1929-09-30 | Artificial leather fabrication |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1843349A true US1843349A (en) | 1932-02-02 |
Family
ID=23567095
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US396412A Expired - Lifetime US1843349A (en) | 1929-09-30 | 1929-09-30 | Artificial leather fabrication |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1843349A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2797179A (en) * | 1953-12-21 | 1957-06-25 | Ibm | Process of forming a molded laminate |
US3835558A (en) * | 1972-03-25 | 1974-09-17 | Usm Corp | Insole |
-
1929
- 1929-09-30 US US396412A patent/US1843349A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2797179A (en) * | 1953-12-21 | 1957-06-25 | Ibm | Process of forming a molded laminate |
US3835558A (en) * | 1972-03-25 | 1974-09-17 | Usm Corp | Insole |
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