US1959519A - Building covering - Google Patents

Description

y 1934. E. R. BLACK BUILDING COVERING Filed Nov. 21, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet l 6 dj zdeid irwar May 22, 1934. E, R, BLACK 1,959,519

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Patented May 22, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BUILDING COVERING Edward Roscoe Black, Chicago, Ill., assigner to Black Systems, Inc., Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois My invention relates to building coverings, and is particularly concerned with roofing and siding such as individual and strip shingles or roll roofing and individual unit, strip or roll siding composed of the usual types of flexible prepared roofing materials.

One of the objects of my invention is the provision of a new and improved method of fastening to a building covering units having turnedunder flaps.

Another object is to provide a new and improved building covering unit whereby expansion and contraction, in response to changes in temperature, may take place without danger of the exposed surface being buckled to the injury of the effectiveness or appearance of the covering or to the anchorage thereof to the building framework.

A further object is to provide an arrangement whereby units, having underturned portions or anchor strips, may be individually anchored securely in place at the butt or exposed region without bending or distorting the unit to effect its anchorage.

Another object is the provision of a building covering unit having a turned-under flap and suitable fastening means for securing the same to a building in a new and improved manner.

A further object is to provide securing means in the form of holding strips which may be removably placed between the turned-under flap and the body of a covering unit.

Another object is the provision of improved means for joining the abutting edges of building covering units without overlapping.

Other objects and advantages will be more apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective View of a strip or siding;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of a portion of a building with one form of my improved covering in place;

Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of a single shingle unit in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 4 is a side view thereof; I

Fig. 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view illustrating more in detail the butt anchorage of the unit;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary elevation of a modified form of holding strip;

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section thereof taken on the line 7--'7 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a medial sectional view of an improved tool for nailing the covering units in place;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary perspective View of a covering unit having slits uniformly spaced for using a modified type of nail in securing the covering unit in place; and I Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 5 showing a modification wherein the holding strip is elimi- 60, nated.

My invention will first be illustrated and explained as embodied in strip siding, and in Fig.

1 a strip unit 10 of siding is shown, which may be provided in convenient lengths for applica 65. tion to a building. The unit has an undere turned portion or, anchor strip 12 parallel to the body portion and spaced therefrom by a flange portion 14. The body, anchor strip and interconnecting flange are formed from a single piece 70, of material preferably bent at the factory while still hot to obviate cracking and insure smooth and accurate corners. Thus the blank from which the unit is formed may be bent substantially at right angles, preferably While still hot, along two '?5; lines parallel to the butt edge of the unit. These bends determine the flange and underlying anchor strip and, because the material having .once been sharply bent is relatively more flexible at the bend, they form, in efiect, a hinge between 30, the body of the unit and the butt flange thereof and a hinge between the butt flange and the underlying anchor strip. This hinge efiect, how-- ever is not utilized in placing and anchoring a unit in place on the building framework but to afford lines of relatively easy movement in order to accommodate expansion and contraction,

as will be hereinafter described.

A holding strip 16 may be placed in the space between the body of the siding and the anchor strip 12. The strip siding may be formed of a suitable composition material covered with granules of stone, slate or similar objects as is customarily done in manufacturing covering material of this type.

In the specific embodiment shown the body of the strip may be covered with a comparatively light colored stone and the upper edge 18 may be covered with darker stone. At predetermined distances vertical spaces. 20 are also covered with darkened stone and a portion 22 at each end of the covering is covered with similar darkened stone. It will be noted that the width of the portions 22 is approximately half that of the width of the edge portions 20 for a reason further to be explained. v

The method of applying the strips 10 to the side of the building will now be described in connection with Fig. 2, in which a building 24 is shown having thefoundation 26 and a side wall 28 which it is desired to cover. Strips 10 are placed against the side of the building, the lower strip 10a being first positioned, and nails 30 are driven into the siding of the building through the body 10 and underlying anchor strip 12 of the shingle until the head of the nail having passed completely through the body exerts a holding pressure upon the anchor strip by resting or pressing against the holding strip 16. The nails employed will preferably have relatively small heads in order to facilitate the driving thereof through the body of the unit.

A suitable tool for driving these nails into position is shown in Fig. 8 and may comprise a body portion 32 having an upwardly extending annular portion 34. The body 32 is provided with a longitudinal bore 36 which extends axially through the body 32. A counterbore 38, considerably larger, also extends longitudinally of the body portion 32, forming a shoulder 40 at its bottom edge. A cap portion 42, having a suitably tapped opening, is arranged to be screw-threadedly mounted upon the portion 34. A driving rod 44 having a head portion 46 and a work-engaging stem 48 is arranged to be positioned in the bores 36 and 38. The tool 44 has an enlarged shoulder 47 which extends into a suitable opening 50 formed as an enlargement of the bore 38. A

return spring 52 is positioned below the flange 47 to normally hold the driving tool in an upper position. The work-engaging stem 48 has a tapered end portion 49 for engaging the nail head, that is relatively small so that at no time'will the driving tool engage the sides of the hole made by the nail head.

In using this tool in nailing siding or roofing to a building, a nail 30 may be driven into the building a portion of its distance and the tool placed over the nail. A blow struck upon the head portion 46 of the driving rod 44 will force the nail downward through the upper portion of the siding l0 and down against the holding strip 16. In this manner it will be seen that the heads of the securing means will be concealed from view.

Referring to Fig. 2, an attractive appearance of the wall is provided by the darkened portions 20 which, as may readily be seen, give the wall the appearance of rows of concrete blocks from a suitable distance. It will be seen that the abutting edges, as at 10b, will be in effect similar to the portions 20 due to the fact that the portions 22 at each end of the siding strip are approximately one-half as wide as the portions 20.

Means for securing together the abutting edges of strips of siding are provided and may comprise the rectangular holding strip 56 which is placed between the anchor strip and the body portion of a pair of abutting siding strips. A nail 30 driven through each siding unit and the anchor strip until its head engages the holding strip will thus effectively secure the abutting siding units together, as well as effectively fasten them to the building.

allows suflicient play between the fastening means and the upper end of the siding to permit a slight 'relative movement.

' Holding strip 16'may be a metallic strip if desired or it may be a strip of composition material or cardboard or any other desirable material.

However, this holding strip is necessarily used only on building covering materials of insuflicient body to prevent nails from tearing through, and it is to be strictly understood that with the ordinary roofing or covering material generally used the holding strip 16 may be omitted and the roofing fastened in the same manner without detracting from the effectiveness of the fastening or the appearance of the covering units. It will also be understood that flange 14 in many instances may be entirely omitted where the covering units are not susceptible to much shrinkage or expansion and in this case the units are applied in the same manner as previously described, that is, by driving a nail through the body portion of the covering unit to a final position with the head of the nail bearing against the anchor strip portion of the covering unit.

In Figs. 6 and '7 a holding strip 16 has been illustrated which may be formed of a relatively thin sheet metal. As the fastening nails are driven through the metal forming holes 16a therein, inwardly bent flanges 16b are formed,

looking the strip and the anchor portion of the shingle together. A plurality of turned-down prongs 17 may be formed before the holding strip is applied to the covering unit. One of the advantages of using this type of holding strip'lies in the fact that the strip may be positioned between the upturned flange and the body of the siding or shingle and pressed so that the prongs 17 will cut into the upturned portion or anchor strip, thus more or less securely fixing the holding its strip in position during shipment or other movemay be driven. Another means for closing these holes is by pouring therein a small portion'of tar or cement.

In Figs. 3 and 4 I have illustrated my inven portion 'of the unit 10 through which the nails tion as applied to single polygonally shaped shingles 66. The shingles are provided with a turned-up or anchor portion 68 and a rectangular metallic holding strip '70. The shingle is also provided with a connecting flange '72 between the anchor strip and the body portion of the shingle.

Fig. 10 shows an example of the modification heretofore mentioned wherein the holding strip is omitted, the nail 30' being driven through the body of a unit 66' from the front until its head bears directly against anchor strip 68 to exert 7 its holding pressure thereupon.

From the above description it will be apparent that the invention may be applied to individual shingles, multiple shingles, or roll roofing cut into suitable lengths.

By the use of the darkened portions 18 at the upper end of the siding strips, the adjacent higher courseunit is secured with its turnedunder edge and achor strip slightly above the lower edge of the shaded portion. With the darkened background below the edge thus formed, 1

the effect of this arrangement is to cause the edge of the strip to assume a magnified depth to the casual observer which creates a very favorable impression. By theuse of the shaded portions 20 and 22 (as shown), a siding may present the appearance of a concrete block construction. It is obvious, however, that many other forms and designs may be created by the use of darkly shaded portions suitably spaced.

The invention is capable of wide variation between equivalent limits and, while I have shown and described only a specific embodiment, it will be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and I do not wish to be limited to the exact details shown. Rather, what I desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A method of laying shingles having a turnedunder edge which consists in placing the shingle in position and driving a nail through the body with the head of the nail bearing against the turned-under edge.

2. A method of fastening shingles which consists in forming a fold or crease along one edge of a shingle with the convex surface of said fold extending below the shingle and bent back upon said shingle, a holding strip placed between said shingle and said edge portion, and fastening means forced through said shingle and. through the holding strip and edge portion, the head of said fastening means bearing against said holding strip.

3. A method of laying shingles having a turnedunder edge which consists in placing a holding strip between the edge portion and the body of the shingle, placing the shingle in position and driving a nail through the body with the head of said nail bearing against the holding strip.

4. A method of anchoring to a building framework the exposed butt of a covering unit composed of flexible composition roofing material and having a portion adjacent the butt edge turned under the body thereof to form an anchor strip which consists in driving a nail from the front face of the body through both the body and anchor strip into the building framework until the head of the nail passes completely through the body and exerts pressure upon the anchor strip therebelow.

EDWARD ROSCOE BLACK.

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