US196644A - Improvement in cutters for lathes - Google Patents

Description

J. Du BOIS. Gutter for Lathes. No. 196,644.

Patented Oct. 30, 1877,

XMM/ $911M 2m 4/, ad J,

I UNITED PATENT OFFIGE.

JOHN minors, or wILLIAMsronT, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT INCUTTERS FOR LATHES.

' Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 196,644, dated October 30, 1877; application filed September 1, 1877.

Toall whom it may concern: .l

Be it known that I, JOHN DU Bors, of Williamsport, in the coimtyof Lycoming and State of Pennsylvania, have {invented certain .Improvements in Tools for Metal-Workin g Lathes and Planers, of which the following is a specification: i

The object of my invention is to'produce'a tool for imeta'l-turning which will require the use and consumption of a very small amount of steel in comparison with those now in use, and which will at the same time be adapted for work of the'heaviest character, which will retain an edge of unchanging form and height, which will needno forging as the cutting-edge wears away, and which will in every respect be the equal of tools hitherto used.

" To this end my invention consists in constructing the body of the tool with an end'of.

substantially the usual form, and providing the same on top with "avery thin movable steel plate or facing, to receive the wear and form the cutting-edge, the steel being merely a facing or armamenton-the tool proper, incapable of sustaining itself, and requiring to besupported to its extreme edge by the tool propen' The invention also consists, further, in a special construction of the bodyof the tooland the attendant devices forholding the steel facing. t

The lathe-tools hitherto devised for metalturning have been of two general classes, both open to serious objections, which are overcome by my plan of construction.

The tools most generally used consist merely of heavy bars of steel,having theirendsforged' into the shape required,the end bein'gground down as the edge wears away, and gradually changes in shape until, as soon happens, it becomes unfit for use, when it is again forgedu'pinto shape, and so on repeatedly until the tool becomes" too short for use in the tool-post, when the remaining steel, several inches in of one specially skilled in the art, and the repeated heatings greatly injure the quality and efficiency of the metal, and the waste of the worn-out tools entails a serious loss of steel.

In order to overcome, in part, the above troubles, the second class of tools were devised, consisting of stocks or holders to fit the tool-posts, provided with removable self-sustaining steel blades or cutters, arranged in some cases in an upright, and in others in a horizontal, position. In practice these tools,

while in some respects superior to the others, are found unsatisfactory, the vertical cutters working out of place, and being unable, on account of the shape of the stock, to pass up closely to the Work, While the horizontal out: ters could not be given the proper pitch and inclination at the forward end, and could not be relied upon in heavy work, on account of their tendency to chatter and break, and in both forms the amount of steel consumed was considerable. In every instance the cutting blade, tool, or bit employed was made of such size and strength in cross-section as to be selfsustaining against the strain which it received in cutting, and consequently necessitated the consumption of a very considerable amount of steel. In my tool, on the contrary, the steel does not require to be, and is not, self-sustaining, and therefore need have but atithe of the thickness required in the others.

The greatest andmost distinguishingfeature of my tool, is that the steel is made of an extreme thinness, and is not self-sustainin g, but is, instead, sustained by the tool to its extreme cutting-edge, the whole being, in eifect, a turning-tool of ordinary character, with a thin movable surface or veneering on its top to receive the wear. By this method of construction I reduce the amount of steel consumed to aminim'um, enabling the performance of the same work with less than half the consumption of tool-steel hitherto required, in addition to which I gain, by reason of the extreme thinness, a greater facility and readiness of grinding the cutting-edge, and am enabled to temper the cutter through its entire thickness, and to give it a greater hardness and resistance to wear than could be done when it was required to be strong and self-sustaining.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a side view of my improved tool-,,

rigging;avappmrview of the same 3, vertical section of the same on the linear w, and Fig. 4 aperspective view of the steel bladedetached.

A represents the body of the tool, or-tool proper, consisting ot a solid bar adapted to fit the tool-post, having its forward end or point a fashioned into the form of an ordinary ing-tool, and having, just inrear of thepoint,=

i anienlargement, b, containing an oblique more j tise or opening, through which there is inserted the thinsteelblade or cutter B. The forward end of the steel lies upon and is supported to its extreme edge by the point a, the two havin gtheir ends made of the same form, ground flush with each other in front, and fitted closely to each other, so that jointly they form a solidended tool having the ordinary form, and adapted for operation in the ordinary manner,

Thesteel lying on top receives the wear and performs the cutting, but, depends for its 'stauponthe direct support received at its 7 end immediately below its cutting-edge,

from the point a.

h In order to, hold the steel rigidly and mi i movably in place, a steel block, 01, is placed in the" mortise upon it, and a jam-screw, 1),.

mounted in the enlargement bin such manner 7 .astoba vi ml the. block and force thevsame down upon the steel blade, the block (1 having ajvertieal shoulder or arm, 0, and a vertical 1pm,), the former resting against the front and the latter against the rear face of the enlargement b,.as shown in Fig. 3, for the purpose of retaining and steadying the block (1 in the enlargement I), while at the same time permit.

ting its vertical adjustment. In practice, I

prefertonotch or seat the shoulder or arm 0 into the face of the enlargement b, as represent'ed'in Fig. 2, in order to hold and sustain it firmly against side play.

" The surfaces bearing upon the steel above and belon should exactly correspond with each other, and the top block d should extend forward very near to the end of the steel, as

shown, so that when the screw is set down the parts will all be held rigidly and solidly together, and the steel prevented from springing or chattering.

By the above arrangement, it will beseen, the, steel, nov matter how thin, is held firmly above: and below, and sustained at the ex trelne cutting-edge in such manner that it may be used tocut the heaviest chips; In practice,lhavefi equently, with the tool thus constructed 'taken off iron shavings of a thickness greaterthan that of .the steel used in cutting them. v The point or nose to. may be forged solidly on thebody A; but it is preferred to make its upper, portionthat' portion which bears against the blade-in a separate piece, g, as

shown. This piece gis inserted in the mortisejdirectly under the blade, and secured by means of a vertical pin,h, passed down through and adapted for' blades having ends of corr'e- It will 'be observed that tool-post of the lathe, and ithat itmay sit beg sumed is the-thin in which, as it becomesldulled niQYQd 9??? if and g with yer less, labo that a blade one-eighth of provided withthe overhanging nose c, and l it in the manner shown" I ginia separate piees ra f I andharden it, and'alsoito'*"sub place others having difl'erent shapes at theend,

sponding shapes. In this way the one "stock? or body may be;adapted fo ttjeizs of various shapes for diii'erent classe of ork; but ordi- 4 narily this change ade s waren ss: an oblique or inclined relation to the body of the tool, in order that itkmayextend past the" low the top of the bodyorban: h

It will also be noticed that he steel is curved, in the arc of a circle, so vthat 'ts rearend will; stand up out of the way, ja oithat the for: Wa end m e elithe "red it h r inclination. These two i turesare, however, shown in a recent patentl. liengler, and j are not claimed bym In the use of my a u dfilyw'lllajrtjboll ensiyesteelblad i ini h ck-ii ness-is of ample strength,. whenwsustamed on; my plan, to take 011 jironfc p ofg'reat thick- .ness, and for light work} blade considerably less in thickness mayb Disclaiming the bro stock orbody of axtur nng ble'steel cutter, and also ,t cutter with referencetq V the curvature of the cutte What I do claimis'- H1 1. Alathe-tool cons g ck oribo'dy adapted for use in a tool-po ltgankl ait inblade of providing/a1 with amova-f "quityof the; ck, and als;

cured to, the sto k, nd 'fistaiuedimmediat l" under its cutting-edge thereby,substantia11 as shown. 1 f 2., The lathe-tool consistin it: .thelstock,A adapted for use in a tool, post: or liolder, an

the thin blade of steel, and adjustably thereon extreme cutting-edgeb 3., Thecombinatio 1n steel, blade or sheetja adaptedfor useinatool e vided withafnose or points tended der nm s ng he bl de memewer edge,'the two beingflus th ach other at the-front end, assho H r v 4; In alatl1etool,,thec steelblade, a stockorhold g .asshown, having apoin' or der and sustaining. the of the blade, andfa cl eslihqr ontal r firmly on top of'theblad ward nearly to theedge of the same, to prevent the nose, the mortise, and. the screw, with the it from breaking or chattering.

- removable blocks d and g, and the thin blade 5. The combination of the stock A, having B, as shown.

"the oblique mortise, and the nose at and screw JOHN DU BOIS.

D, with thethin steel blade B, and the block d Witnesses resting thereon. P. T. DODGE,

6. The combination of the stock A, having W. W. DODGE.

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