US1984531A - Sprayer employed in watering areas of land - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 18, 1934. w. KIND ET AL 1,984,531

SPRAYER EMPLOYED IN WATERING AREAS OF LAND Filed Dec. 31, 1931 Patented Dec. 18, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SPRAYER EMPLOYED m WATERING AREAS or LAND Wilm Kind, Berlin-Lichterfelde, Gustav Schenk, Berlin-Spandau, and Hugo Richard Busch, Berlin Zehlendori', Germany, assignors to Siemens Schuckertwerke Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin-Siemensstadt, Germany, a corporation of Germany v I Application December 31, 1931, Serial No. 584,142 I R S S U I In Germany January .6, 1931 8 Claims. (Cl. 299-25) Our invention relates to sprayers employed in whirl of the fluid. Said cylinder 9 is in open watering areas of land, and more particularly communication with the nozzle pipe 1 through to a sprayer control for a periodical water deopening 7. Piston 8 thus tends to open closure livery. 4 under the fluid pressure in nozzle pipe 1 and to 5 Our invention consists in the employment of a close it under the pressure of a spring 10, which 6 closure for the discharge outlet of a nozzle of a tends to maintain the cone-plug 4 in the shut-off Sprayer 0f the sa d type, said closure bei position as shown in the Figure 1, until the presprovided with a cross-sectional area exposed to sure of the liquid has exceeded a predetermined a pressure tending to close it and con e o value. By changing the pressure of the spring 10 a pressure responsive member tending to open it 10, the pressure required for the opening can be 10 which has an effective cross-section greater than adjusted. A screw 11 serves to change the crossthat of the closure. Owing to the design of the sectional area of the outlet nozzle during the shut-oil and pressure responsive control memwater delivery.

bers which are under the influence of the pres- When the discharge of liquid through outlet 3 sure f the liquid, 3 pid p ning and closing is shut off by the cone plug 4, the pressure of 15 of the shut-off member at sudden blows will be the air in air chamber 2 is increased gradually brought about without necessitating for this by the inflow of liquid. As the pressure conp rp other regulating d v he pressure tinues to rise, the piston 8 becomes responsive at which the water delivery takes place, depends to the rising pressure and overcomes the reupon the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of sistance of spring 10 whereupon the cone plug 4 20 closure and pressure-responsive members respecis retracted from the outlet opening 3. As the tively upon which the'fluid acts and in connecliquid begins to discharge through the opening 3. tion w a Pressure accumulator represented pressure is developed upon the forward surface preferably by an air-trapping chamber in which of the cone plug 4. This pressure counteracts 1 he pr fl is received- The speed at the pressure on the rear surface of said cone which the control is effected during theopenplug and thus considerably increases the eflect ing of the Closure ay b cc d g to 011 inof the pressure on piston 8 within the control vention, controlled at the beginning of the water chamber 9 before the pressure in said chamber de ve y by a yi g automatically the size of the has fallen materially. As a result, the piston efiective pressures on'control and closure memsnaps rearwardly and produces a sudden open- 30 bersing movement of cone plug 4 to a position corre- According to our invention a cone-plug may sponding to a maximum opening of the outlet be provided as shut-off member. opening 3. With an accelerated discharge of Figures 3 and 4 are ach longitudinal secthe liquid through the opening 3, the pressure tional elevations showing three modifications of in control chamber 9 drops and thus permits a 35 our invention and Figure 2 is a view of the rapid closing of the cone plug 4 under the action sprayer displaced laterally to the stationary porof spring 10. This action is repeated as long as tion of an air vessel. the sprayer is in operation. By adjusting the Referring to Figures 1 a d e no le pipe 1 tension of spring 10, the suddenness as well as 40 is connected to an air chamber or vessel 2, to the frequency of the nozzle opening operations 40 which the watering liquid is supplied and which may be varied at will. At the same time, not air chamber is adapted to trap air which enters only the amount of liquid discharged at each with the fluid. The nozzle-like outlet 3 of the opening of the nozzle may be varied, but also the nozzle pipe is shut off by a cone-plug 4 which is pressure at which it discharges may be regulated connected by a stem 6 passing through a rectiby changing the pressure exerted by spring 10. fler 5 and an opening 7" in the wall '7 of the It will follow, therefore, that the reactionary nozzle pipe to a pressure-responsive member or effects of the repeated discharges which rotate piston 8 which moves in the control cylinder 9. the sprayer head will produce larger or smaller The current rectifier comprises a bundle of short rotary movements of the sprayer depending upon tubular sections 5 arranged in circular layers the amounts and velocities of successive (115- 50 around said stem 6 and between it and the inner charges.

wall of the nozzle pipe 1. The function of said As will be seen from Fig. 2 the upper portion tubular sections is to provide a smoother flowor section of the nozzle pipe 1, in which the pising stream by subdividing the current into small ton 8 and the cone-plug 4 move, is displaced parallel streams and. thus eliminating the usual laterally in relation to the lower or stationary section or portion of the air vessel 2. During the opening the kinetic energy of the piston and of the cone-plug is transmitted at rapid blows to the wall of the nozzle pipe and produces thereby a rotation of the nozzle pipe in relation to the air vessel, causing thereby a step-by-step displacement of the sprayer. By changing the tension of spring 10, the pressure under which the nozzle opens may be regulated. When the spring is highly tensioned, then the pressure in the air chamber as well as in the nozzle pipe, must rise correspondingly before the spring pressure is overcome by fluid pressure for moving the plug 4 from its seat. When, on the other. hand, the spring is weakly tensioned, it is overcome by a correspondingly lower fluid pressure for producing a discharge of fluid. The discharge oriflce may be controlled within various limits by means of the screw 11. For example, the screw can be placed in such a position that the plug 4 always remains in open position with respect to the oriflce, forming therewith a larger or smaller discharge outlet of ring-shaped crosssection.

In the nozzle pipe 31, shown in Fig. 3, a flap or closure 32 is provided, which is pivotally mounted, as at 33, and is in engagement with the stop 34 in the nozzle pipe in the shut-off position as Figure 3 discloses. The flap 32 is positively connected to a piston 37 through a slotted arm 35 and a rod 36. The piston 37 moves in a cylinder 38, and is under the pressure of a spring 39 counteracted by the fluid pressure in the nozzle pipe through a connecting pipe 38.

Also in this modification the relative areas of the flap 32 and piston 37 are so proportioned that sufiicient increase in pressure in the nozzle pipe, will operate the piston for opening the closure 32. As the fluid discharges through the nozzle the fluid pressure in air chamber 2 and nozzle pipe 31 drops and thus permits the spring 39 to return the piston 37 to intial position for again closing the closure 32.

It will be understood from an inspection of Fig. 3 that piston 37 represents a pressureresponsive member acted upon by two opposed pressures which in their relative intensities determine the opening and shutting of the closure. In this embodiment, a formation of eddy currents is avoided by positioning the closure 32 in its open position within a recess 40' of the nozzle pipe so as to present no hinderance to the passage of the water during the delivery.

Figure 4 shows another modification of the control which permits watering of a predetermined area. The nozzle pipe 51 is shut ofi in this case by a closure in the form of a hollow needle 52 which carries a pressure-responsive member in the form of a control piston 53. A spring 54 acts upon the piston, against the pressure of the fluid in the nozzle pipe and tends to maintain the needle 52 in the position shown in Figure 4. The hollow needle communicates with a cylindrical pressure fluid chamber 57 through a valve opening controlled by a valve 56 which is under the pressure of the spring 55. The space 57 communicates with the nozzle pipe 51 through the tubular connection 58 provided with a petcock 59. Said connection 58 communicates with the nozzle pipe through an orifice 61, the amount of flow therethroug being regulated by the petcock 59.

With the parts in their relative positions shown in Figure 4, it will be understood that the spring 54 tends to hold said needle 52 in closed position as long as the pressure in air chamber 2 and nozzle pipe 51 is insuflicient for starting the spraying action; In this connection, it is to be noted that the quantity of fluid passing through the tubular connection 58 in a unit of time is'regulated by the throttle valve '59. The stem 62 of the valve 56 extends through a stuffing box 63 and is provided with screw threads 64 for receiving a thumb nut 65 between which and the wall of chamber 57 is interposed the spring 55. The valve stem 62 can be adjusted endwise in the stufling box 63 within the limits permitted by the valve seat in needle 52 and the tension of spring 55. With the spraying fluid flowing into the closed nozzle, the pressure rises in.air chamber 2, nozzle pipe 51 and chamber 57. The valve 56 which normally closes the opening between the rear end of needle 52 and chamber 57, is adapted to be moved out of its cut-off position shown on the drawing when the pressure rise in chamber 57 overcomes the pressure of spring 55. When this occurs, the fluid discharges under substantially constant pressure from chamber 57 into the interior of needle 52 due to the fact that the throttling effect of the valve 59 reduces the fluid passing through the needle 52 to a considerably smaller current than that discharged from the open nozzle. The flow of current through needle 52 causes a pressure drop in chamber 57 and as this pressure in chamber 57 decreases, a point is reached at which said pressure together with the pressure of spring 54 is no longer suflicient to prevent a rearward displacement of piston 53 by the pressure transmitted from nozzle pipe 51 through passage 66 to a pressure chamber 67 formed between the piston 53 and nozzle pipe 51. As the piston 53 continues its nozzle opening movement, it reaches a point where open communication is established between connection 58 and chamber 67 through a by-pass 60 which permits a discharge of fluid from chamber 57 into chamber 67 for the purpose of discharging fluid more rapidly from the chamber 57 and thus to permit a more rapid movement of piston 53 and a quicker opening of the main discharge outlet of the nozzle pipe 51. During this movement, an annular flange 53 which is presented rearwardly from the piston 53, cuts oil the supply of water to the chamber 57, while the continued discharge of water from said chamber through the pipe 52 produces a rapid drop of pressure in chamber 57 resulting in the closure of valve 56 and a further rapid rearward movement of piston 53 and a full opening of the nozzle. As the nozzle becomes fully opened, there occurs a simultaneous drop in pressure in air chamber 2 and nozzle tube 51 followed by a forward or closing movement of the needle 52 under the action of the spring 54 on piston 53. A repetition of the cycle then begins under a renewed pressure rise in the air chamber and nozzle tube.

With reference to the functioning of the rectifiers 5, it may be noted that the movement of a fluid through a tubular conveyor is retarded by reason of a swirling movement imparted thereto by the curvature of the inner wall of said tubular conveyor. apparatus in which the range of action is a limited one, the spraying action is good at the discharge outlet of the nozzle for the reason that the fluid is widely distributed. On the other hand, where it is desired to secure a longer For spraying range for providing a smoother flowing stream which will hold together for as 'long as possible after it leaves the nozzle, the rectifier 5 serves a useful function by subdividing the fluid stream into several smaller parallel streams which pass through the discharge outlet pascage with the usual whirl substantially eliminated.

It will now be understood that by adjusting the tension of spring 55 and the eiTective crosssectional area of the channel 58 or by relative adjustments of both of these variables, the amount of fluid discharging through the hollow needle 52 as well as the duration of such discharges through the needle, may be regulated. In this way, various discharge effects may be secured between the long distance projection of a restricted column of fluid and the widely distributed spraying of a less distant area. These effects may be varied at will, and a refined adjustment of distance and area secured with ease.

We claim as our invention:

1. A spraying device of the character described, said spraying device comprising a nozzle pipe provided with a discharge outlet and with an air chamber constructed and located to discharge'intermittently into said nozzle pipe, a closure for said discharge outlet, said spraying device being provided with a control chamber in open communication with said nozzle pipe and with a pressure chamber, a control piston connected to said closure, said control piston being constructed and arranged to be displaced in one direction by the fluid pressure in said control chamber for moving said closure to outlet opening position, and means for applying a variable pressure to said piston within said pressure chamber in opposition to the pressure of the fluid in said control chamber.

2. In a spraying device of the character described, the combination of a nozzle pipe comprising a fixed section provided with an air chamber constructed and located to discharge intermittently into said nozzle pipe and a revolvable section provided with a discharge outlet, a closure for said discharge outlet, said revolvable section being provided with a control chamber in open communication with said nozzle pipe and with a pressure chamber, a control piston connected to said closure, said control piston being constructed and arranged to be displaced in one direction by the fluid pressure in said control chamber for moving said closure to outlet opening position, and means for applying a variable pressure to said piston within said pressure chamber in opposition to the pressure of the fluid in said control chamber.

3. In a spraying device of the character described, the combination of a nozzle pipe comprising a fixed section provided with'an air chamber constructed and located to discharge intermittently into said nozzle pipe and a movable section provided with a discharge outlet, a closure for said discharge outlet, a control chamber in open communication with said nozzle pipe, a pressure, chamber, a pressure-responsive, member connected to said closure, said pressure responsive-member being constructed and arranged to be displaced in one direction by the fluid pressure in said control chamber for moving said clossure to outlet opening position, and means for applying a variable pressure to said pressure-responsive device from within said pressure chamber in opposition to' 4. In a spraying device of the character described, the combination of a nozzle pipe comprising an upright section provided with an air chamber constructed and located to discharge intermittently into said nozzle pipe and an elbow section rotatably mounted on said upright section and provided with a discharge outlet, a closure movable into and out 'of position to completely close said discharge outlet, a control cylinder in open communication at one end with said nozzle pipe, a pressure-responsive member reciprocably mounted in the other end of said control cylinder, a connection between said closure and pressure responsive member, and means for applying a pressure to said pressure-responsive member in opposition to the fluid pressure in said control cylinder.

5. A spraying device of the character described, said spraying device comprising a nozzle pipe provided with a discharge outlet and with an air chamber constructed and arranged to discharge intermittently into said nozzle pipe, a closure movable into and out of position to completely close said discharge outlet, a control cylinder provided with a partition wall intermediately of its ends and in open-communication at one end with said nozzle pipe, a pressure responsive piston reciprocably mounted in said partition wall and connected to said closure, and a compression spring interposed between said piston and the other end of said cylinder.

6. A spraying device of the character described, said spraying device comprising a nozzle pipe provided with a discharge outlet and with an air chamber constructed and arranged to discharge intermittently into said nozzle pipe, a closure movable into and out of position to completely close said discharge outlet, a control cylinder connected to said nozzle pipe, a piston reciprocable in said control cylinder, a compression spring interposed between said piston and one end of said control cylinder, an operating connection between said piston and said closure, and a tubular connection leadin from said nozzle pipe to the space between said piston and the other end of said cylinder.

7. A spraying device of the character described, saidspraying device comprising a nozzle pipe provided with, a discharge outlet and with an air chamber constructed and located to discharge intermittently into said nozzle pipe, a closure movable into and out of position to completely close said discharge outlet, a control cylinder in open communication with said nozzle pipe, a piston reciprocable in said control cylinder, a compression spring interposed between said piston and the end wall of said consaid tubular connection being provided with a throttle for regulating the resistance of said tubular connection to fluid passing therethrough.

8. A spraying device of the character described, said spraying device comprising a nozzle pipeprovided with a discharge outlet and with an air chamber constructed and located to discharge intermittently into said nozzle pipe, a closure for said discharge outlet, said spraying device being provided with a control chamber in open communication with said nozzle pipe and with a pressure chamber, both of said chambers being coaxially arranged with respect to said discharge outlet, a control piston provided with a stem by which it is connected to said closure, said control piston being partly housed in each of said chambers, a plurality of current-rectitying tubes arranged within said nozzle pipe in circular series around said stem and between said discharge outlet and said control chamber, and means for applying a variable pressure to said piston from within said pressure chamber in opposition to the pressure of the fluid in said control chamber.

WILM KIND.

GUSTAV SCHENK;

HUGO RICHARD BUSCH.

Images