US1996819A - Automatic forging or pressure machine - Google Patents

Description

April 9, 1935. DEAN 1,996,819

AUTOMATIC FORGING OR PRESSURE MACHINE Filed May 11, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 9, 1935. EA

AUTOMATIC FORGING OR PRESSURE MACHINE Filed May 11, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 c'ktowwtf April 9, 1935. H. DEAN 1,996,819

AUTOMATIC FORGING OR PRESSURE MACHINE Filed May 11, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 April 9, 1935; H DE AN 1,996,819

AUTOMATIC FORGING OR PRESSURE MACHINE:

Filed May 11, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Jizglz Zena 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 April 9, 1935. H. DEAN AUTOMATIC FORGING OR PRESSURE MACHINE Filed May 11, 1952 $1 lsil lw lullll. 1. ring H. DEAN AUTOMATIC FORGING OR PRESSURE MACHINE A ril 9, 1935.

Filed May 11, 1952 a sheeis-sheei 6 Patented Apr. 9, 1935 1 UEroMArr'oronGmG on, PRESSURE nugh Dean, Detroit, Mich., assignor to General" Motors Corporation, tion of Delaware Detroit, Mich, a corpora I Application ll/lay 11, 1932, serial No. 10,5

3 Claims. (Cl. 78.49 a i This invention relates automatic forging presses in which the article to be forged carried through the press by means of the-scrap or excess material which projects or extends away from the finished article after it has been forged.

' The object of the press is to use a forging method to shape thepiece OfWOIk instead of the usual rolling process to form the piece of stock. It

has been found in practice that in making small articles theycan be made quicker and better-by a'forging process than by the use of the rolling method. V

In the machine of the present invention the blanks are fed at one face of the press andare automatically fed into the machine by means of vertically and horizontally reciprocable feeder bars. These feeder bars feed the workor pieces of stock one at a time from the feed table or hopper at one face of the press and move them in a step by step movement through the machine. The feeder bars are positioned at the sides .of the press or machine and in the present-invention, one bar at each side is used. The forged article and the excess metal or scrap isdischarged sufiicient length so that it may be picked up at 1 its ends by the feeder bars in its passage through the-machine and after it has received the impress ofthe first set of dies the heated bar of stock be; comes somewhat elongated and'is, therefore, the more easy to be taken by the feeder bars and passed through the press by a step by step movement. The'work or pieces of stock is fed into the machine by a distributor so that but one 3.; piece is fed at a time. 7 The dies are arranged 'in 7 taken on the line 3- 3 of Figure 1, with parts broken away better to illustrate the structure.

,*Figure 4 is a plan'view of the structure of Fig- 59 ure 3with upper die removed, and taken on the line4+4 of Figure l.' I Figure 5 is an enlargedtransverse sectional detailview taken on the line 5'-5,of Figure 3.

Figures 6 and '7 represent an enlarged sectional view longitudinally of the machinetaken subfrom the rear of the machine. The stock is of,

FigureB is a sideview of a portion of the press stantiallylon lihe 6-6:f of Figurei5, Figure 7 is a continuation of the'structure o'fvFigu'relfi. e s Figure 8 is a detailed view 'to illustrate the movements of the feeder bars and cam. extension bars. or 7' Figure 9 is a perspective "view of the various steps in the formation. of" the article from the bar of stock tol'thefinislied product. I v Figure 10 isa sectional detailed view on the linelO-IUOI'FiguIeVI. p ;Figure' ,11 is aiside viewjof armech'anism for holding the work when the dies arecbeing with,-' drawn to prevent the work from bouncing out of the dies or out .of its regular position. I f

FigurelZ is a section on the line l2l,2 of Fig-" mi. y ,r n .m Referring to the drawings, the numeral 2. indicates the'press as a whole which is' shown as of the upright type. The press'has mounted at the rear thereof an electric driving motor 4hav-, ingthe shaft 6 on which there is. rigidly, secured the pinion 8. The pinion f8 meshes with and drives. the gear wheel Ill securedto ashaft l2 whichhastheffiywheel l4 secured thereto; The

shaft [2 extends through;thei'machine Qto'jthe other side thereof and has the pinion 46 secured the'retoJ The "pinion l5 meshes with a gear wheel 18 rigidly mountedjon'a shaft 20 mounted in bearings'in the frame of the. press 2. "The shaft ,20 has ia cam 22 formed intermediate its ends whichworks in a journal 24of the plunger 26 of the press. The rotation of the shaftjll will rotate the camgzz and cause, the plunger. 26 to move up and downfThe plunger is -guided'by means of thersli des 28 ,atQthetop and bottom 5 a portion thereof. The'pre'ss "has the usual bed 30 on-which the mechanism 32 of the press is mounted. Except for the mechanism 32, the parts so far :described are conventional and" perjse form no part of the invention. c a

Onthev bed plate 30 ofthe, machine there is mounted adie shoe :34 of the. mechanism 32. This bed plate extends through the machine; and has mounted thereon the movable-parts of the mechanism. T l I Referring to Figures 3 and 4,. itwill be noted that the bed plate is provided with enlarged ear portions 36 at the sides thereof and ineach ear 7 portion there is rigidlyfmount'edfthe lower end 38 of a guide rod 40, the upper endof which acts as a slidable mountfor a be'aringAZ mountedin I the arms 44 extending from'the head 46 (Figure 5) secured to' they plungerlfi. Secured to the head 46 asat 48 (Figure 6), is the yoke 50 the arms 5 2 of which are offset iatanjangle to'the base of the yoke and project downwardly on opposite sides of the machine as best shown in Figures 3, and 5. The yoke arm will therefore move with-therplunger 26 and partake of the vertically reciprocatory movement thereof. The end of each arm .52 has mounted therein a pin or shaft 54' threaded atits outer end toreceive a nut 56; Its inner end is enlargedas indicated at 58 and a camfroller 60 is mounted thereon and held in place by the enlarged head 62. shafts or pins 54 are held in p lace fbya suitable cap 64 and adjusting screws-indicated -as fidaz The purpose of this structure at 54 is to raise or lower the roller in order thatibmay' work in timed relation to operate cams; K6 4 One cam 66 is provided at eaoh side of the mechanism and each cam has the sliding base 68 and slides in the guideways'lfl' andnsecured to the base 34 by means of machine bolts?" .Each.

cam has the cam slot 14 (Figure 6) therein and in each cam sl'ota-bearing or wear-member 16? is mounted. l The headfendsioff tr' e sh'a'ftsiSA and the rollers some mounted the slots} 18 'of the bearing members "It andas the yoke 50* moves vertically, the shaft 54 and roller- 60 will move in the slbtnjtofi'mpa'rt to the earns 66% a horizontally reciprocatory movement. cam has secured to"the"base 68" by'mealns of themachine bolts 80 a'cam' extensionhanfl which 7 extends the full length of and slides in guides'irr the base of the 'ma'clnneand partakesof the movements of thefcams"; Mounted hnmediatelyadjacent' the cam' extension. bars ,82 and face to facetherewith' are the feeder'bars 8'4 which" have bothavertical and horizontal reciprocatorymovement. The feeder bars are mountediin the" g'uideways 12 at the front of the machine and in other suitable guideways at the rear of the machine. The cam extension bars 82 and the'fe'ederbars 04 are united toieach' other by means of a pirrand inclined slot con-- nection indicated as a whole at 86i(F'i'gure in."

The pins 88, with a; roller 90" secured on each, are permanently'mountedon the: extension bars 02 while the slots sz'areinclined all" in the same direction and are provided in the feeder bars 84'. As many ofthese pins andslot, coimecti'ons as'desired may be provided. In the present in stance, two have? been shown, one-at the front and one in the rearof the machine; The bars are furtherconnected by means of thefstructure 8| shown inFlgure's '7 and 10. The-extension bars 82. have openings 9t therethroughfeach v to receive a steel. ball 06 and. a spring 98;.both bei'ngre tained in position by'meansof the cap l-'thread ed into the" extension bartf. The feeder bars 84 have elongated depressions I02 toreceivethe ball. In thefullline position in liigure'lfi; the ball is shown in the uppermost depressionand holds the two members'BZ' and together so that;

' unless prevented by other forces, they willrise and fall together". In the dotted line position I04 the feeder bar 84' has been moved upwardly so that-the ball 96 seats in the lowermost depressionv to retain the members 8 2: and 84- in this position. The. length of the depressions I02 corresponds t'o'the length of the: slots 92. While there has been shown but one'of these mechanisms of Figure for each pair of bars, as many as' are desired may beusedi Preferably thereis one at thefront and one at the rear of each extension bar. f. I V I p i r Referring to Figuresifag 6- and '7; it will'benoted that at the front'of the machine a plunger' ms has been mounted on the base 34; The plunger is Each contained in a housing I08 and a spring H0 urges the plunger downwardly or out of the housing. At the rear of the machine on the base a second plunger H2 is mounted in a housing H4 and has'a coil spring H6 constantly urging the plunger 1 l2 upward; The plunger I06 is limited in its downward movement by means of the nut Send the plunger H2 is li'mited in. its upward movement by means of the head I20. The plunger I 06 projects into the path of movement of the feeder bar 84 while the plunger H2 projects into theipath of the feeder bar 84 and at times is received in a recess I22 formed therein. I The movement of the-cam 66, cam extension bar 82 and feeder bar 84 and the cooperation of the pin 88 and= slots 92 and the plungers M6 and H2 will. now be described when considering Figure 8 which shows the various positions of the parts during, the: respective movements. The parts will be described in their sequence and they are designated in Figure 8 as in positions lto 5, inclusive, position Bbeingth'e same asposition 1'. Position If is indicated in full lines and shows the positionof the parts when the-die-has performedits work and is about to leave the work and move upward. Theupwardmovement of the die will carry therewith the pinandrolleri l; 60'- which will movevertically fora short distance-in the vertical portion 18a of" the slot 18 so" that there willbe no movement of the'cam 66- or bars 8-2 and 84 during thisshort ascent of the yoke 50" and pinand roller 54, 60. When the roller 60 strikes the" curved or inclinedportion 18b of the slot 18 the action of the roller 'on the-cam slot will move forward the cam- 66 and the cam extension 02- permanently secured thereto. The feeder bars will be in their lowermost position and will endeavor tomove along with the oath extensions E2 but'owing to the fact that the plunger H2 is'intherecess 122 of thefeeder bar, the bar will-be prevented from moving in a horizontal direction; The-actionofthepin l 02 andrecess I22 will bring the pins'or shafts 88'- and their rollers 90.i-nto play and pressja'ga-inst thesides of the' inclined slots 9?. Th-isiaction' of the rollers 90 on the sides ofthe slot 92 "Wi11'1 force the feeder bars 04 upward orft'o'ward the dotted line position indicated as position?! 'When' the feeder'bar has reachedpositibn} the cam66- will have movedfrom the full line position, or positions I- and 5, to thedotted line positionindica-ted as position 2 and will have raised the feeder bar recess l22 a-way from corrtact: with the plungerlll. This raising of the feeder bar 84 relative to the extensionbar 82 will movethe feeder bar fromth'e full" line position in Figure 1 0' to the dotted line position F04. During this vertical-movement the ball 96 will be pushed from the. upper depression I02 and ride on the surface between the depressions and be pressed by thespring 98 into-thelower depression I021 Inasmuch as the feeder bar is now clear ofthe plunger I I2 and as it is held on the extension bar by means of the structure shown in FigurelO- i't-will movewith the extension bar horizontally to position 3. When the two bars and the cam 05 have reach'ed'position 3', the plunger Nlfiatthe front-of the machine will fall or be thrust behind or in the-path of the feeder bar 84. During thechange in'p'osition from I to 2 the feeder barwilF have raised tli'e'work from the dies and moved it along one step to its-nextposition or, in casethedieshave performed their final operation, the work willbe removed from the machine entirely.

' Wher-rthe parts-are in position 3 the die i'scom- Referring to Fi'gm'es-fi-and' 'kthe details of the dies are best shown. At stationanlthe dies;

comprise the upper member; 214 and, the lower member 21:6 heldtotheplunger 26 and bed plazte 34,. respectively, by means of. the machineybolts 21-8. Each die comprises".{two similar. gforming portions 220 but onlyoneof theserportions act on: a piece of stock at attimei' The reason iorthisis the alternate distributionof the work by the distributor 148 ,lEnLFigure 6,lthe piece of. work is shown in the righthand. die' but the: next. pieoe of work wilt-bedelivered.v by the ieeder barsqtoi the forming portion at the'right not; the figure The reason fior. this alternate distributionis to avoid excessivewear on one seti of dies." At die station 204 complementary upper and lower. the portions are proyicle'd but atthis' station the: upper and lower knoelg-out-bolts-or bars 22; are provided. {L he' purpose of these knock-out bolts isto remove the workv from both upper and; lower dies for the'reason that it has beerr found that the work ,a;t times; willf' stickcto one, or the other ofzthe dies and-preventithe feeder barsfrom moving it along throughthe mashineyThe: knock-out bolts have suitable coilpsprings-ZZA to witl iriramzv the bolts into the openings-in timed relation with the operation :oft-he'dies; The: lower bolts: 2al2 iEigure '1) Qhavei'theplate 226 therebelow? whinljrpoperates 'atja suitablettime: to push the bolts; upward-to knock the,;work out of the lower dies, The mechanism toroperatingthe plate 226 is: conventional anti formsno' part oi the invention. "Similarly the uppergportion of the; die has the plate 228 which is operated iii-suitabletimect relation by the plunger 230: to kick or knock off the work firom: theiupperset of dies. At station lzilt r io-lowerknock-out;-bolts are neoessary for the" reason'that the dial-3'2 punch the work out of the pieceqof'and force it through the openings: 2-! 07- onto ithegtable 2| 2. The u p t no rhe d e. how verghasvt e stripper plate 2f3qli operatedv bythe plunge r238- through the plate RS -and-pins 238-130, push the scrap 208 from the' dies] as; the plunger finals n e- I c we, The dies; are mountedqon a die member or block 286 which is held to thezplunger- ZE-hy means oi the bolt amt nut connectiomZM (Figure 3;):-

and suitable meansis provided for mtermovement between the plunger 26 or the die member 200 and the plates 228 and 23 8. Suitable coiltor other springs 24-2 are providembetween-theplate 238 and punch holder 46. p

V For purposesof clearer rill istrationthestmo: ture of. Figures-11 and j 12 has ,not shown on the other views but it applied to' the ma ohine at the sides of the die stationslO-Z, 2M and 2136. The structure is advantageouswhen the press is working rapidly'because ofthe. tendency of the work tobounce frombthe dies whenthe plunger 26 is raised; ,This; mis placement prevents the accurate positioning. of

the; workv at the next station, .The struoture .is

of; the mpvement-ofthe feeder banv The. retainer- 59 m mb r: 52 eizt nstra ne am ve er ensr th new Pi s-123T 258" line position 168 shows the; lowermost-position;

or the feeder bar :84, am; angle me nber jlifland he n tcr in pos t 3 W ;th tl mQ position ofthe;;retainer 2-52. {l'hepdotted .l-ine p um; how t e-extr me,rlettq an t o b honrot .the,;angle member. 25% sandt mhe dotted line position 211 shows 1: extreme; left-hanclpositionr ofi theqretainezg 252.; When the diesarere fior the rlorkw he eder 1 bar. and the angle member -;25& are ;i the position ZBB-and the: retaining member 252, -substantially in the position; shown in, f; 1llv lines- -i-n- Figure Lli; W henhe p er m vab e dies-r withl he plung they will take the pressure from the flange-254- and the weight 4 of? the; retainer Z-521Will -holdthe bl nk m a to e f r n: t e di s T e feeder bar- 8 will now; riseuntilit; comes in .eont h wor r d wi l then ift- ;th r

n r me er; 2..- 0i the W rk: a d au ee e o IBMQ ri -s he' oll r un i th ro l r resin: at the bottomvof-the slot 2 84-"or" the slot ures t34 ganrt the; retainer rnemher} 52 ;to the left'until it reaohesthe dotted line position .3124 "Ihe teederfbars 84 --then move s-downwardly to the position 210, the retaining member ,254- :being" held; elevated position hy the rollersf246 whichareno w -at; the extreme right-hand .end; of the slots25il. The feeder bars now move to the right to the position 266 and carryitherewith the;re tainerslfl When they reac h the poSiti n ZBS and lifl, the re taigner members may fall-.pr

drop: because the rollers have again reaohed the shorter slot anc l may now rest: on the, work firmly: to hold ;it;in positiong -Ther feeder 'bars' 84 new. lescend; to; allow 'the plunger tooperate the dies, 7 :theyn eaoh{thewwork the die 1 39 r sts e flange ,5 to d the retainerson the works-L: It will tlierefore be seen thatltheistrueture of Figures llQand l2-accom pl'i'she's the: retaining of; the work in position on -fl e h l cthema ne ope e o: ehtl WQ ii m bQ l m5= d o a drlo er' 1.1 forging maohine-inohiding a base,a blank supply zone. and a plurality i forging zones spaced along thbas, each forging zone inolud. ing a stationary 'd ieandja movable dieadapted to operate on pieces of istock l positioneditrans versely vof the; baseLatetd bar on each' side and extending-along the ba'se mea s on the feed;- oars located at each ofsaid zones adapted to receive projecting. ends oi the pieoesof stock there positioned-, means to. raise said feed bars; to re;-

Ca tonment thestock atthe forgingvclies and. the saineirertioally therefrom: as well as tar r newb e 'Q -s .9 ?1 e .-tli S m means to-eause horizontal movement of saicl bars r' i ml aews o; wron s all: Saidp lt o is k tor succeeding, zonesalong sai'cle base, means to and means tooause;thevbars toretur alongfa horizontal path; in; lowered position-.1;

pletely raised and the pin and'roller 54, BII-are at thetop of the cam slots 18. Theneiit movement of the plunger 26 will-be downward and will move the pin and'roll'er 54,160 downward in the slot 18.

g This downward movement will act on cam slots 86 to move the cam 66 in' a rearward-direction to position 4. I The extension bar '82 wilL-of course, move with the cam but inasmuch as the plunger I06 is'in the path of the feeder bar 84-the feeder bar will be unable to move until the mner s0 and;

the recess I22 will be'overthe plunger I I2 which will be-forced thereinto-bymeans of the spring I I6 therebeneath. Thefour operations described will pick up and move in a horizontal direction.

andthen deposit the work orfinished article to a new DOsition. I r a Referring to Figures"? and 8, attention is called;

7 to the fact that the upper portion of the base of the machine ends at I24 andbeyondwhich there is a space between the feeder bars and below this These space thereis the grid or spaced bars I26; bars are equally spaced and there is adapted to move therebetween the bars I28 forming atable' 2| 2. The bars I28 are attached to the feeder bars 84 bymeans of the legs or strips I30 and suitable crossbars so that the'bars 'I28jw'ill partake of the movement of the feeder bars 84. In partaking of this movement, the bars I28 will pick up and move along in a step by step movement; the finished articles or pieces of work shown-at I32. 1

Refer-ring to-Figures' 3 and 6, inclusive;- the mechanism and manner in which the work or pieces of stock I34'are fed to the machine'willbe described. Aninclined table'orhopper136 rigidly secured to an upright I38 of the bed by means of the'supports I40; The =table'has the round or curved portion I42 at its lowermost end, the purpose'of which'is to hold the bars'of stock and prevent them fromrolling onto the horizontal table I44. The table I44 hasmounted at its sides the guide plates I 46 .which guidefthe pieces of stock into the distributor indicated asa whole at I48. The sidemembersI46'also form the sidesof the distributor I48. The table I44'is shown as mounted by means of the supports I 50.

Journaled in the enlarged portion of theside plates I46-at the distributor I48-is the distributing wheel indicated as a whole at I52. This distributing wheel is best shown; in detail in Figures 5 and 6 and comprises the end bearings I54 mounted to rotate in the enlarged'portions of the side plates I46.; In the bearings I54 there hand side of the distributor (Figure 6);. Two channel-forming members I12 are positioned I14 and I16. 7 Y

below the distributing wheel I52. Theparts I68 to- I12 form the two channels I14 and I16 and below the channels there are the grooves I18 and I in the bed 34. Between the two parts I10 a retainingbar I82 ispositioned and-this bar rides upward in the space I84 between the spacer memher I 10. ''In its normal position shown in Figures 5 and'6 itprevents the bar of stock I34 from dropping on to the distributor board I56.- A cam 186 on the hub I58 operates in timed relation withthe other mechanism to raise the stopper bar I82 toallow a piece of the'work I34 to roll on to the distributor board I56 and depending upon the position of this board, the piece of work will roll into one or theother of'the channels The feeder bars 84 have attached thereto the arms I88 and I90 (Figure fi), the upper ends of which havesemicylindricalnotches I92 and are adaptedto pick up the lowermost piece of work I361; from the inclined hopper I36 and move it forward one step. Successive operations of the feeder bar will move the'work over to the distributor'where'the'bar will roll down against the stopper-bar -'I84.- As the'cam 66 reciprocates, it will 'move-therewith atooth I94 pivoted on a bolt I96 mounted in a'bracket I91 secured to the cam. The tooth I84 is thepath of the teeth I60 of thehubs at the ends of the distributor. As the tooth I94 strikes one ofsthe teeth I60 it will rotate the distributingwheel I52 to 80 and shift the distributor 'p1ateI56 from-the full line positionshown in Figure 6 to the dotted line position; andcause the plunger I64 to catch in the groove I62 of the next tooth I 60. This change in position will cause the piece'of work to fall into the channel'I14 instead of. the channel I16 and distribute it-into the groove or notch I18 will'operate the distributor to feed the work 2.1--

ternatelyinto the grooves I 14 and I16 and the operation of the feeder bars will carry the work from this positionto' the dies indicated as a whole at 200 and which comprise three separate sets of dies 202, 204 and 206, best shown-in Figures 4, 6 and 7. Each set of dies comprises the upper movable dies onthe plunger 26 and the lower stationary diesmounted 0n-the bed 34. The bars of stock I34 are, of course, heated before they are'fed to the hopper'and they arrive at the first set of dies 202 inthe form shown at I34 in Figure 9. The firstoperation in the'station 202 forms the stock into substantially the shape shown at I34zc. From this station the feeder bars move the formed member I345: todie station 204 where they are formed to substantially the shape shown at i341; inFigure 9. From die station 204 the feeder bars move the forged work to die station 206 where the dies sever the finished articles I32 from the scrap'or excess material indicated in Figure 7 bythe numeral 208. The finished article I32 "drops through the openings 2I0 on to the table or bed 2I2 formed by the bars I26. The scrap material 208 is successively moved along by the feeder bars andeventually falls on to the table 2 I 2 where it is moved along with the scrap metal to the rearof the machine where the two are separated.

2. A machine according to claim 1, each of the dies having a plurality of forming portions, and means adapted. to feed successive blanks to different positions to be engaged by the feed bars whereby the feed bars deliver said successive blanks to different forming portions of the dies.

v 5 3. A machine according to claim 1, and means secured to the movable die and operatively engaged with the feedbars to move the same and to cause the feed'bars to operate in timed relation with the movement of the dies.

' HUGH DEAN.

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