US20010016781A1 - Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb - Google Patents
Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb Download PDFInfo
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- US20010016781A1 US20010016781A1 US09/829,306 US82930601A US2001016781A1 US 20010016781 A1 US20010016781 A1 US 20010016781A1 US 82930601 A US82930601 A US 82930601A US 2001016781 A1 US2001016781 A1 US 2001016781A1
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- residual limb
- liner
- vacuum
- socket
- limb
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/5044—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2/5046—Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/68—Operating or control means
- A61F2/74—Operating or control means fluid, i.e. hydraulic or pneumatic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
- A61F2/7812—Interface cushioning members placed between the limb stump and the socket, e.g. bandages or stockings for the limb stump
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
- A61F2/7812—Interface cushioning members placed between the limb stump and the socket, e.g. bandages or stockings for the limb stump
- A61F2/7843—Inflatable bladders
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2002/501—Prostheses not implantable in the body having an inflatable pocket filled with fluid, i.e. liquid or gas
- A61F2002/5015—Prostheses not implantable in the body having an inflatable pocket filled with fluid, i.e. liquid or gas hardenable fluid, e.g. curable in-situ or cold-hardening casting substance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/5044—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2/5046—Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
- A61F2002/5052—Direct moulding or reforming to the stump
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/5044—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2/5046—Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques
- A61F2002/5053—Designing or manufacturing processes for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques using a positive or a negative model, e.g. casting model or mould
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/60—Artificial legs or feet or parts thereof
- A61F2/66—Feet; Ankle joints
- A61F2002/6614—Feet
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/68—Operating or control means
- A61F2/70—Operating or control means electrical
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/76—Means for assembling, fitting or testing prostheses, e.g. for measuring or balancing, e.g. alignment means
- A61F2002/7615—Measuring means
- A61F2002/7655—Measuring means for measuring fluid pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/50—Prostheses not implantable in the body
- A61F2/78—Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
- A61F2/80—Sockets, e.g. of suction type
- A61F2002/802—Suction sockets, i.e. utilizing differential air pressure to retain the prosthesis on the stump
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
- A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
- A61F2013/15487—Capillary properties, e.g. wicking
- A61F2013/15528—Capillary properties, e.g. wicking with specific capillary or osmotic pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0057—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof stretchable
Abstract
Description
- This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/325,297, filed Jun. 3, 1999, and U.S. Pat. No. 09/534,274, filed Mar. 23, 2000.
- The present invention relates to prosthetic devices and more particularly to a hypobarically-controlled artificial limb for amputees and to a method for removing perspiration from the space between the residual limb and the liner by means of an osmotic membrane and an applied vacuum.
- An amputee is a person who has lost part of an extremity or limb such as a leg or arm which commonly may be termed as a residual limb. Residual limbs come in various sizes and shapes with respect to the stump. That is, most new amputations are either slightly bulbous or cylindrical in shape while older amputations that may have had a lot of atrophy are generally more conical in shape. Residual limbs may further be characterized by their various individual problems or configurations including the volume and shape of a stump and possible scar, skin graft, bony prominence, uneven limb volume, neuroma, pain, edema or soft tissue configurations.
- Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a below the knee
residual limb 10 is shown and described as aleg 12 having been severed below the knee terminating in astump 14. In this case, theresidual limb 10 includes soft tissue as well as thefemur 16,knee joint 18, and severedtibia 20 andfibula 22. Along these bone structures surrounded by soft tissue are nerve bundles and vascular routes which must be protected against external pressure to avoid neuromas, numbness and discomfort as well as other kinds of problems. A below the kneeresidual limb 10 has itsstump 14 generally characterized as being a more bony structure while an above the knee residual limb may be characterized as including more soft tissue as well as the vascular routes and nerve bundles. - Referring to FIG. 2, amputees who have lost a part of their
arm 26, which terminates in a stump 28 also may be characterized as having vascular routes, nerve bundles as well as soft and bony tissues. Theresidual limb 10 includes thehumerus bone 30 which extends from below the shoulder to the elbow from which the radius 34 andulna 36 bones may pivotally extend to the point of severance. Along thehumerus bone 30 are thebiceps muscle 38 and thetriceps muscle 40 which still yet may be connected to the radius 34 and the ulna, 36, respectively. - In some respects, the residual limb amputee that has a severed
arm 26 does not have the pressure bearing considerations for an artificial limb but rather is concerned with having an artificial limb that is articulable to offer functions typical of a full arm, such as bending at the elbow and grasping capabilities. An individual who has a paralyzed limb would also have similar considerations wherein he or she would desire the paralyzed limb to having some degree of mobility and thus functionality. - During the day, as the residual limb amputee walks on an artificial limb, perspiration builds up between the residual limb and the liner which cushions the residual limb in the artificial limb socket. As this perspiration buildup continues, the residual limb begins to slip around within the liner, causing a feeling to the wearer of losing contact with the artificial limb. This slippage often also causes irritation to the residual limb, which may be worsened by a growth of bacteria in the warm, moist environment between the residual limb and the liner.
- There is a need for an improved hypobarically-controlled artificial limb that will offer total contact relationship with the residual limb; absorb and dissipate shock, mechanical and shear forces typically associated with ambulation, twisting and turning and weight bearing with an artificial limb; control residual limb volume by way of even weight distribution; use negative pressure as a locking device to hold the residual limb into the socket without causing swelling of the residual limb into the socket; and control the buildup of perspiration on the residual limb. One of the ways of controlling the buildup of perspiration is to use a vacuum system to wick away this perspiration from the residual limb.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,230 discloses the use of a vacuum pump connected between the limb and a liner. However, this invention is essentially inoperable because the liner will conform to the stump at all times, by an interference fit, so that there is no space between the residual limb and the liner against which to draw a vacuum. In any case, the patent does not disclose application of vacuum to the socket cavity in such a manner as to draw the residual limb firmly and totally against the interior of the socket. Instead, the patent discloses the use of shims between the liner and the socket. Without total contact between the residual limb and the socket, the limb may swell into the space between the limb and the socket. Also, the patent does not disclose the use of vacuum to remove perspiration.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,709 discloses several embodiments of a hypobarically-controlled artificial limb. However, all of these embodiments required two sockets: an outer socket and an inner socket. Applicant has found that the present invention offers improved performance without the requirement for two sockets. A single socket works equally well or better than two sockets. Also, this patent does not disclose a mechanism for maintaining vacuum in the presence of air leakage into the socket.
- It has been found that it is essentially impossible to maintain a perfect, airtight seal between the residual limb and the sockets disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,709, with the result that slow air leakage into the sockets diminishes the vacuum in the sockets. With the reduction in vacuum, the beneficial effects of the vacuum also slowly diminish. Consequently, there is a need for a means for maintaining the vacuum in the socket cavity in the presence of some air leakage past the seal.
- A hypobarically-controlled artificial limb for amputees includes a single socket with a volume and shape to receive a substantial portion of the residual limb. A sealed cavity is formed between the socket and the residual limb. The wearer may use a liner over the residual limb for comfort. A vacuum source is connected to a vacuum valve connected to the cavity to suspend the artificial limb from the residual limb and to control and minimize volumetric and fluid changes within the residual limb. To compensate for some air leakage past the seal, there is a mechanism to maintain the vacuum in the cavity. An osmotic membrane encompasses the residual limb, between the residual limb and the liner, allowing perspiration to pass one way through the osmotic membrane. Vacuum may be applied to the space between the osmotic membrane and the liner to wick away perspiration.
- A principle object and advantage of the present invention is that it uses vacuum within the artificial limb socket to suspend the artificial limb from the residual limb.
- Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it uses vacuum within the artificial limb socket to assist in socket fit and minimizes volumetric limb changes within the socket.
- Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it uses vacuum within the socket to lock the residual limb into the socket while preventing negative draw within the socket from causing swelling of the residual limb into the socket.
- Another object and advantage of the present invention is that it uses vacuum within the socket to oppose the loss of fluids from the residual limb caused by weight-bearing pressures.
- Another object and advantage of the present invention is that the vacuum may be created by a pump with a mechanical or motor drive.
- Another principal object and advantage of the present invention is that it may comprise only a single socket, rather than two sockets, simplifying construction and reducing cost and complexity.
- Another principal object and advantage of the present invention is that it includes a mechanism that can be used to maintain vacuum in the cavity between the residual limb or liner and the socket as air leaks into the cavity.
- Another principal object and advantage of the present invention is that it includes an osmotic membrane that allows perspiration to pass in only one direction from the residual limb outward toward the liner.
- Another principal object and advantage of the present invention is that vacuum may be applied to the space between the osmotic membrane and the liner to assist in wicking away perspiration.
- FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the tissue and skeletal structure of an amputee's residual limb;
- FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of a residual limb in the form of an amputated arm showing the skeletal and muscular structure of the residual limb;
- FIG. 3 is an exploded elevational view of the residual limb donning the polyurethane sleeve, stretchable nylon sleeve, liner, osmotic membrane, nylon sheath and socket of an artificial limb;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-section along the
lines 4 of FIG. 3. - FIGS. 3 and 4 show one embodiment of the
apparatus 50 of the present invention. The hypobarically-controlledartificial limb 50 includes asingle socket 60,shin 54, andfoot 56. Thesocket 60 has a volume and shape to receive a substantial portion of theresidual limb 14 with aspace 58 therebetween. - The
apparatus 50 further includes acavity 62 in thesocket 60 with a volume and shape for receiving a substantial portion of theresidual limb 14. - A
vacuum source 70 may conveniently be attached to the shin orpylon 54. Thevacuum source 70 may preferably be a mechanical or motor-driven pump 72. Thevacuum source 70 may be connected to apower source 83, which may be a battery. - A
vacuum valve 74 is suitably connected to thevacuum source 70. Thevacuum valve 74 may preferably be disposed on thesocket 60. Avacuum tube 76 connects thevacuum valve 74 to thecavity 62. It will be seen that the vacuum source will cause theresidual limb 14 to be drawn into firm contact with theinner surface 64 of thesocket 60. - The hypobarically-controlled
artificial limb 50 also includes a regulator means 80 for controlling thevacuum source 70. Preferably, the regulator means 80 may be a digital computer 82. Alternately, the regulator means may be a vacuum regulator. The regulator means 80 is connected to apower source 83, which may be a battery. - A seal means84 makes an airtight seal between the
residual limb 14 and thesocket 60. Preferably, the seal means 84 is a nonfoamed, nonporous polyurethane suspension sleeve 86 which rolls over and covers thesocket 60 and a portion of theresidual limb 14. Alternatively, the seal means 84 may be any type of seal which is airtight. - The
apparatus 50 may also include a nonfoamed,nonporous polyurethane liner 92 receiving theresidual limb 14 and disposed between thesocket 60 and theresidual limb 14. Theliner 92 provides a total-contact hypobaric suction, equal weight distribution socket liner. Theliner 92 readily tacks up to the skin of theresidual limb 14 and provides total contact with thelimb 14. Theliner 92 absorbs and dissipates shock, mechanical and shear forces typically associated with ambulation. - The hypobarically-controlled
artificial limb 50 may also include athin sheath 90 between theliner 92 and theinner surface 64 of thesocket 60. As vacuum is applied to thecavity 62, thesheath 90 will allow the vacuum to be evenly applied throughout thecavity 62. Without thesheath 90, theliner 92 might “tack up” against theinner surface 64 and form a seal which might prevent even application of the vacuum to thecavity 62. Thesheath 90 may also be used to assist the amputee into a smooth and easy fitting into theinner socket 60. Thesheath 90 is preferably made of thin knitted nylon. - The hypobarically-controlled
artificial limb 50 may also include a stretchable nylonsecond sleeve 94 for rolling over and covering the suspension sleeve 86 to prevent clothing from sticking to and catching the suspension sleeve 86. - The hypobarically-controlled
artificial limb 50 may also include anosmotic membrane 100 encompassing theresidual limb 14 and creating aspace 102 between theresidual limb 14 and theliner 92. Theosmotic membrane 100 allows perspiration to pass in one direction only from the residual limb outward toward theliner 92. - This beneficial effect of the osmotic membrane is achieved as follows. The osmotic membrane allows water vapor to pass through the membrane from the side of the membrane with a higher partial water vapor pressure (the residual limb side) to the side of the membrane with a lower partial water vapor pressure (the liner side), but not in the opposite direction. Eventually, the partial water vapor pressure on the two sides of the osmotic membrane would become equal, and transmission of vapor through the membrane would cease. However, application of vacuum to the
space 102 will continually lower the partial water vapor pressure on the liner side of themembrane 100, so that water vapor will continue to pass through the membrane. In turn, this lowers the partial water vapor pressure on the residual limb side of themembrane 100, allowing perspiration on the residual limb to change from the liquid state to the vapor state. - Appropriate materials for the
osmotic membrane 100 are the Sympatex hydrophylic polyester block copolymer from Sympatex Technologies, One Merrill Industrial Drive, Suite 201, Hampton, N.H. 03842; the Goretex® material from A.W. Gore & Associates, www.gore.com; the Gill 02 Fabric from Gill North America, 1025 Parkway Industrial Park, Buford, Ga. 30581; and the SealSkinz product from Porvair, Estuary Road, King's Lynn, Norfolk, PE30 2HS, United Kingdom. - The osmotic membrane may be laminated onto a supporting fabric, such as a cloth stump sock.
- An important aspect of the
osmotic membrane 100 is that it should have no pores into which the skin of theresidual limb 14 may be drawn under the influence of vacuum. - Optionally, vacuum from the vacuum source may be applied to the
space 102 between theosmotic membrane 100 and theliner 92. Application of vacuum lowers the boiling point of water, allowing perspiration passing through theosmotic membrane 100 to evaporate and be removed from thespace 102. - Referring to FIG. 3, the polyurethane tubular sleeve86 may be appreciated alone and in combination with the
urethane liner 92 together with theoptional nylon sheath 90 and secondstretchable nylon sleeve 94. - More specifically, the amputee takes the stretchable nylon
second sleeve 94, suitably made of a spandex-like material and rolls it up over thestump 14 to the upper portions of the residual limb suitably as the thigh of aleg 12. Next, the polyurethane sleeve 86 is also rolled upwardly over theresidual limb 10. The amputee than places theosmotic membrane 100 over theresidual limb 14. Thereafter, theliner 92 is donned. - Next, the amputee may optionally utilize the
nylon sheath 90 which is suitably of a non-stretching, thin, friction reducing nylon. As stated, thissheath 90 optionally may be used to assist the amputee into a smooth and easy fitting into thesocket 60. Alternatively, thesheath 90 may be avoided and theliner 92 simply inserted into thesocket 60 of theartificial limb 50. - Next, the amputee simply grasps the rolled over portion of the polyurethane sleeve86 and rolls it over a substantial portion of the
socket 60. The sleeve 86 makes an airtight seal between theresidual limb 14 and thesocket 60. - As can be appreciated, the polyurethane sleeve86 is tacky. Consequently, the stretchable nylon
second sleeve 94 may be utilized and rolled over the polyurethane sleeve 86. - The amputee then sets the regulator means80 to cause the
vacuum source 70 to apply vacuum through thevacuum valve 74 andvacuum tube 76 to thecavity 62. Enough vacuum is applied to cause the residual limb (with optional coverings) to be drawn firmly against theinner surface 64 of thesocket 60, which is flexible. Thevacuum source 70 may preferably maintain a vacuum in the range of 0 to 25 inches of mercury (ideally ten to twenty five inches). - It will be seen that the vacuum within the
socket 60 will cause the hypobarically-controlledartificial limb 50 to be suspended from theresidual limb 14. The vacuum will lock theresidual limb 14 into thesocket 60 without causing swelling of the residual limb into the socket, because of the total contact of theresidual limb 14 with thesocket 60. That is, there is no open chamber between theresidual limb 14 and thesocket 60 which would draw on the residual limb. - As the volume of the
residual limb 14 decreases during the day due to weight-bearing pressures, the regulator means 80 may appropriately adjust thevacuum source 70 to draw theresidual limb 14 more firmly against thesocket 60 and thus compensate for the loss of residual limb volume. The vacuum may also partially or completely oppose the loss of fluids from the residual limb caused by weight-bearing pressures. - The vacuum within the
socket 60 is also applied to thespace 102 between theosmotic membrane 100 and theliner 92. Application of vacuum to thespace 102 lowers the boiling point of water, causing perspiration wicking through the osmotic membrane to evaporate and be drawn out of thespace 102. - The
vacuum source 70 may be a weight-actuated vacuum pump and shock absorber as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/534,274, filed Mar. 23, 2000 and herein incorporated by reference. - To maintain the vacuum in the cavity, either a regulator means80, or a weight-actuated vacuum pump and shock absorber as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/534,274, may be employed.
- The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore desired that the present embodiment be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/829,306 US20010016781A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2001-04-09 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
CA002443536A CA2443536C (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-11-19 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
EP20010995901 EP1377240B1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-11-19 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
JP2002578852A JP2004526514A (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-11-19 | Prosthetic osmosis membrane and vacuum system |
PCT/US2001/043874 WO2002080813A2 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-11-19 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
AU2002226953A AU2002226953B2 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2001-11-19 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
US11/044,133 US6974484B2 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2005-01-27 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US32529799A | 1999-06-03 | 1999-06-03 | |
US09/534,274 US6554868B1 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2000-03-23 | Vacuum pump and shock absorber for artificial limb |
US09/829,306 US20010016781A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2001-04-09 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
Related Parent Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US32529799A Continuation-In-Part | 1999-06-03 | 1999-06-03 | |
US09/534,274 Continuation-In-Part US6554868B1 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2000-03-23 | Vacuum pump and shock absorber for artificial limb |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/044,133 Continuation US6974484B2 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2005-01-27 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010016781A1 true US20010016781A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
Family
ID=25254138
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/829,306 Abandoned US20010016781A1 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2001-04-09 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
US11/044,133 Expired - Fee Related US6974484B2 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2005-01-27 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/044,133 Expired - Fee Related US6974484B2 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2005-01-27 | Osmotic membrane and vacuum system for artificial limb |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20010016781A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1377240B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004526514A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002226953B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2443536C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002080813A2 (en) |
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US11911299B2 (en) | 2019-01-10 | 2024-02-27 | Ossur Iceland Ehf | Prosthetic attachment system and corresponding lock assembly |
US11642233B2 (en) | 2020-09-04 | 2023-05-09 | Ossur Iceland Ehf | Interchangeable distal end for a prosthetic socket system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002080813A2 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
CA2443536C (en) | 2009-06-23 |
EP1377240B1 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
US6974484B2 (en) | 2005-12-13 |
US20050131549A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
CA2443536A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
EP1377240A2 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
WO2002080813A3 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
AU2002226953B2 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
JP2004526514A (en) | 2004-09-02 |
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