US20020011723A1 - Control system for air bags in different vehicle locations - Google Patents
Control system for air bags in different vehicle locations Download PDFInfo
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- US20020011723A1 US20020011723A1 US09/953,912 US95391201A US2002011723A1 US 20020011723 A1 US20020011723 A1 US 20020011723A1 US 95391201 A US95391201 A US 95391201A US 2002011723 A1 US2002011723 A1 US 2002011723A1
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- vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/017—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including arrangements for providing electric power to safety arrangements or their actuating means, e.g. to pyrotechnic fuses or electro-mechanic valves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/18—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags the inflatable member formed as a belt or harness or combined with a belt or harness arrangement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
- B60R22/12—Construction of belts or harnesses
- B60R22/14—Construction of belts or harnesses incorporating enlarged restraint areas, e.g. vests, nets, crash pads, optionally for children
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R2021/0065—Type of vehicles
- B60R2021/0067—Buses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R2021/0065—Type of vehicles
- B60R2021/0093—Aircraft
Abstract
A vehicle restraint system for a seated occupant including a lap belt system and an inflatable member mounted on the lap belt and restrained by the belt when inflated. The restraint system is applicable to multi-row seated vehicles in which a control system controls air bag deployment in rows located at first, second and other vehicle locations. Further, the system may include a device for detecting an impending collision of the vehicle and an object and deploy bags in anticipation of such collision.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/033,739 filed Mar. 3, 1998 entitled “Control System for Air Bags in Different Vehicle Locations” which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/826,612 filed Apr. 4, 1997 entitled “Lap Mounted Inflatable Bag And Method Of Use” which was in turn a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/665,121 filed Jun. 14, 1996 entitled “Lap Mounted Inflatable Bag And Method Of Use,” which was abandoned Oct. 8, 1997.
- Inflatable elements, bag or belt, deploying from locations adjacent vehicle occupants have been proposed and suggested to distribute belt loading during a collision (U.S. Pat. No. 3,682,498 and 3,841,654).
- Prior restraint systems have combined seat belts, including lap and shoulder components, with inflatable members. For example, vehicle air bags have been proposed to be mounted adjacent shoulder belts and lap belts for deployment upon rapid deceleration of a vehicle (U.S. Pat. No. 5,062,662). Other prior inflatable bag vehicle restraint systems have required that the bag be supported by a portion of the vehicle in front of the occupant (i.e., the dashboard or wheel post unit). Further, prior lap belt mounted bags were deployable in front of the occupant's belt and have not caused the lap belt to have its slack removed by the inflation of the bag.
- Finally, it has been proposed to provide bags for inflation between the occupant and shoulder straps (U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,569).
- None of the prior art proposals provide proper protection where the restraint system can only be deployable from and restrained by a lap belt area.
- The present invention comprises an occupant vehicle restraint system in which a configured inflatable air bag is supported by a lap belt. The lap belt is positioned adjacent the bag or in a passageway in the air bag which passageway is part of the inflatable pressure-retaining envelope of the bag. The bag is sized and shaped so that the force of the occupant's torso tending to move forward in a rapid deceleration of the vehicle is restrained by the bag engaging a sufficiently large support area consisting of the top portion of the occupant's legs and a variable seat surface between the occupant's legs. The belt-receiving passageway may be located so that a rear portion of the bag is inflatable between the belt and the occupant and the remainder of the bag is inflatable forward of the belt to prevent any substantial rotation of the torso.
- By so locating the belt-engaging bag surface or the belt-receiving passageway, a rear portion of the bag when inflated tightens the lap belt as such rear portion presses against the occupant's lap upper thigh portion and lower stomach area. At the same time the forward portion of the bag inflates to serve as a structural air stiffened column to provide a restraint against the occupant's forward movement and rotation of the occupant's torso.
- The present inventive restraint system and its method of operation utilizes an air bag deployed from the lap belt area which bag as deployed is fully supported and constrained by (1) the lap belt and (2) surfaces including occupant's legs and the surface upon which the occupant is seated. The invention is particularly useful for occupants seated in seats that are not adjacent a dashboard or a wheel post. Occupants in the back seats in passenger land vehicles and airplane passengers are readily protectable utilizing the present inventive restraint system.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an occupant in a front seat with a lap belt and folded air bag prior to inflation;
- FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view similar to FIG. 1 showing the folded bag in a rupturable pouch prior to inflation and illustrating the looseness with which the belt may be worn and still be effective;
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of the occupant and inflated bag;
- FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the bag as first inflated;
- FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 after inflation with the occupant's torso having moved forward a small distance;
- FIG. 6 is an alternative embodiment in which the bag includes an upper blister for additional head support to further reduce head rotation to a lesser angle;
- FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the bag prior to folding;
- FIG. 8 is a partially folded view of the bag;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the forces and torques created during rapid deceleration of the vehicle and bag deployment;
- FIG. 10 is a further schematic diagram showing forces and torques upon initial bag inflation where the lap belt is positioned within a bag passageway;
- FIG. 11 is a front elevational view of an embodiment of the present invention in which an inflatable member is mounted in a lap belt system which includes an inflation arrangement;
- FIG. 12 is a front elevational view of an inflated bag of particular shape;
- FIG. 13 is a front elevational view of an inflated bag with upper expansion pockets prior to their inflation;
- FIG. 14 is a side perspective view of the bag of FIG. 12 after inflation;
- FIG. 15a is a side perspective view of the bag of FIG. 13 with an upper expansion pocket being deployed;
- FIG. 15b is a view similar to FIG. 15a in which a further pocket is deployed;
- FIG. 15c is a side elevational view in which the bag pockets shown in FIGS. 15a and 15 b are fully deployed;
- FIG. 16a is a front elevational view of a bag having side pockets which bag has been inflated without side pocket deployment;
- FIG. 16b is a view similar to FIG. 16a in which the side pockets are deployed;
- FIG. 16c is a front elevational view of a bag including a head side support section;
- FIG. 17 is a partial schematic view of the belt sections, tongue and buckle arrangement with an undeployed inflatable member;
- FIG. 18 is a partial sectional view through the tongue unit and inflatable member of FIG. 17;
- FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a belt arrangement with the inflator in the buckle and the connectable tongue unit;
- FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a belt arrangement showing the inflatable member attached to the buckle and with the inflator in the tongue unit;
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing the tongue unit and buckle detached with transformer portions on each;
- FIG. 22 is a sectional exploded view of a belt anchor;
- FIG. 22a is a side view of the anchor of FIG. 22 including the belt section;
- FIG. 22b is a sectional view of a belt section taken along line 22b-22b of FIG. 22;
- FIG. 22c is a view similar to FIG. 22b with the belt section having a gas passage formed therein by gas pressure;
- FIG. 23 is a front elevational view of a further bag embodiment with an opening therethrough for centered lap belt buckle and tongue manipulation;
- FIG. 24 is a side perspective view of a further configured bag embodiment with the lap belt positioned against the bag surface;
- FIG. 24a is a schematic diagram of the bag of FIG. 24 positioned illustrating a passenger's torso and legs at a 90° angle;
- FIG. 24b is a further schematic similar to FIG. 24a in which the torso-to-leg angle is greater than 90°;
- FIG. 24c is a further schematic in which the angle is 90° and bag sections theoretically overlap;
- FIG. 25 is a perspective view of occupants in rows of seats in which lap mounted bags deploy row-by-row;
- FIG. 26 is a schematic of a row of seats, inflation arrangements and controls for such inflation arrangements; and
- FIG. 26a is a schematic of a row of seats, inflation arrangements and controls for such inflation arrangements using a radar collision signaler.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic and circuit diagram for controlling inflation of a bag or bags properly timed after rapid vehicle deceleration.
- In FIGS. 1, 3 and4, occupant's (O)
seat 12 withseat surface 12 s and seat back 12 b are mounted onvehicle floor 13. Occupant (O) is shown inpassenger seat 12 withlap belt 16 across occupant's (O) lap. Lap beltright portion 16 a is engaged inbelt extension 24 which in turn is anchored inright floor anchor 14 invehicle floor 13 and theleft belt portion 16 b is secured to thevehicle floor 13 byleft floor anchor 15. Alternatively, lap belt may have two sections and a buckle. - With reference in particular to FIG. 3,
bag 18 with exteriorinflatable cloth body 19 has acloth passageway 21 betweenslot portals lap belt 16 is passed.Cloth body 19 together withcloth passageway 21 comprise the pressure-retainingenvelope 18 e ofbag 18 into whichenvelope 18 e the gases of inflation are introduced or formed.Lap belt 16 is readily slidable back and forth throughpassageway 21 whenbag 18 is deflated. Such movement provides for adjustment ofbag 18 with respect to the occupant.Bag 18's gas inlet neck 22 (FIG. 7) can be connected togas conduit 23 extending from a remote location such as thefloor 13.Gas conduit 23 is supplied gas from a storage gas container or a pyrotechnic gas inflator or a combination thereof, and alternately the inflation source may be contained within thebag 18. - Turning to FIG. 2, an alternative embodiment is shown in which folded
bag 18 is covered by anelongated rupturable pouch 20.Bag 18 is shown folded for positioning inpouch 20 in a ready-to-deploy position withbelt 16 loosely positioned for the comfort of the occupant. This alternative system has a gas-generating inflator positioned inbag 18 orpouch 20. - FIG. 4 shows
bag 18 with the alternate inflation entrance of gases fromconduit 23 throughneck 22.Bag 18, as inflated, is generally round in shape as viewed from above (FIG. 3) and generally triangular in shape as viewed from the side (FIG. 4).Bag 18 has a bottom seat surface andleg engaging surface 18 a; atorso engaging surface 18 b and frontnon-engaging surface 18 c.Surfaces belt 16 passes throughbag passageway 21 which is distance (d) from the occupant's waistline (WL), the inflation ofbag portion 18 r to the rear ofbelt 16 pushes occupant (O) back and down in his or her seat asbag 18 is first inflated (see FIGS. 4 and 5). This action also removes any slack that may have existed inbelt 16 due to looseness of wearing. Further, the inflation of thebag 18 and the creation of inflated bag space also displaces bag overspaces Front bag portion 18 f, the remaining portion ofbag 18, is forward of thebelt 16.Front bag portion 18 f functions to support and resist rotation of occupant's (O) torso (T) as forces of vehicle deceleration act on torso (T).Bag 18 may also include a set up reinforcingcloth panel 25 to strengthenbag 18 in the belt-engaging area which must withstand forces of inflation and occupant restraint as the vehicle decelerates. - It is contemplated that inflation of
bag 18 is accomplished sufficiently rapidly, using inflators of stored gas or pyrotechnic type or combinations thereof, so that the occupant'slap belt 16 is tightened by inflation of therear bag portion 18 r prior to forces of deceleration acting on the occupant's (O) torso (T) which force tends to move the torso (T) forward in rotational movement aboutbelt 16. Only a few degrees of torso (T) rotation is permitted by the compression ofbag 18. Any additional torso rotation will depend on the occupant's seated position and whetherbag 18 rests on the occupant's legs,seat surface 12 s or combination of both.Bag 18 is shown in FIG. 5engaging seat surface 12 s overarea 12 a as torso (T) is decelerated. Torso rotation is preferably less than 10° from the vertical. However, depending on the occupant's size and the size and shape of the bag, rotation of the torso may be up to 30°. - With particular reference to schematic FIG. 9, horizontal force (F1) represents the force exerted by occupant's torso at a distance X from
lap belt 16 creating a torque (T1). To resist torque (T1)bag 18 generates an equal and opposite torque (T2). Torque (T2) is force (F2) times distance (Y). - FIG. 10 is also a schematic showing the embodiment in which the belt passes through the bag with
bag portion 18 r inflating between the belt and the occupant. Initial bag inflation causes the bag to push the occupant back of vertical line (V) 15° (note the 90° angle of FIG. 9 and the 105° angle of FIG. 10).Bag portion 18 r pushes the occupant down in the seat andbag portion 18 h pushes occupant back in his seat. -
Bag 18 when inflated is restrained from forward movement bylap belt 16.Bag 18 rotates a few degrees as it is acted on the forces of the occupant's torso deceleration.Bag 18 is shaped and sized to prevent substantial torso rotation of any occupant including a large man. Smaller occupants will experience even less torso rotation.Bag 18 has abag exterior surface 18 a which engages a substantial area of occupant's legs and seat surface between the occupant's waist and knees.Bag 18 also has asurface 18 b for engaging a substantial portion of the torso from the waist to the head.Bag 18 may also be sized to support occupant's head. Preferably,bag surface 18 a engages ⅓ to ⅔ of occupant's upper legs. Upper legs are the portion of the legs between the hips and knees.Bag surface 18 a also engages the seat surface over the seat surface area between occupant's legs. - In a further alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 6,
bag 18 includesdeployable blister 34. As occupant's (O) torso (T) exerts forces of compression onbag 18 increasing the gas pressure therein to a selectedthreshold allowing stitches 35 to rupture so thatblister section 34 inflates to provide support for the occupant's (O) and head (H). - Turning to FIG. 7,
uninflated bag 18 hasbottom surface 31, passage outlet ends 21 a, 21 b andgas inlet 22. FIG. 8 showsuninflated bag 18 withoutside portions bag bottom portion 30 whichcentral portion 30 is approximately the width ofbelt 16. - FIG. 11 illustrates a further embodiment of the present invention in which the
inflatable member 36 which may be of any shape and configuration is foldably mounted onlap belt system 38 which system has positioned in it the entire inflation arrangement.Tongue unit 39 is connected to atongue belt section 41 which in turn is attached to tonguebelt section anchor 43. Thebelt system 38 also includes abuckle 45, abuckle belt section 46 and abuckle anchor 48. Occupant (O) seated onseat 49 is restrained bybelt system 38. Upon inflation ofinflatable member 36 further occupant protection is provided as described below. - Turning to FIG. 12, an inflatable member in the form of
bag 55 is shown whichbag 55 has a particular shape including leg-engagingbag wings central blister section 59 which extends downwardly near to or againstseat surface 51. Whetherblister section 59 engagesseat surface 51 depends on the extent to which occupant's legs are initially spread apart and the extent to whichblister 59 ofbag 55, as inflated, causes any further leg separation.Bag wings - Turning to FIG. 13,
bag 55′ consists ofbag body 60 made of two stitched together bag panels (only panel 60 a is shown) which include two upper stitched bag body pockets 64, 65 formed by tucking bag body panel material into the interior ofbag 55′ and stitching such tucked-in panels to adjacent bag panels employing stitched generally-horizontal rows - In FIG. 14 deployment of
bag 55 including itsblister section 59 is shown (see also FIG. 12). The forward movement of occupant (O) is shown in dashed lines. - Turning to FIGS. 15a-c, there is shown the stages of deployment of body pockets 64, 65 during inflation of
bag 55′ when occupant-induced internal bag pressures reach predetermined levels. The reason for pocket deployment is to increase the size and height ofbag 55′ to serve larger, taller and heavier occupants. Asbag 55′ inflates to reach its full size, forces are exerted on the bag as it controls the occupant's movement including forward torso movement causing bag pressure to increase. If the occupant (O) is sufficiently larger and heavy, pressure will build up inbag 55′ to causestitch rows bag 55′ with bothpockets - FIG. 16a shows use of side pockets 61, 62 created by generally-
vertical stitch rows bag 55″ with ahead protecting portion 63. Stitching bag panels using any suitable patterns are contemplated by the present invention to provide additional inflatable member size during inflation and the creation of forces resulting from occupant restraint. - As an alternative to non-stretch inflatable member material and the fracturable stitching described above, deployment of larger inflatable member volumes to accommodate larger occupants may be accomplished by fabricating inflatable members, such as bags, of expansible or stretchable material. Members made of fabrics or other materials which expand or stretch when inflated and when additional forces are applied by the occupant (O) during or after inflation are alternatively useful alone or in combination with non-stretchable materials.
- Inflating systems positioned within the belt arrangement include a crash detector which sends a signal to an initiator which in turn initiates the function of an inflator causing the rapid flow of gases to the inflatable member. In FIG. 17
belt sections buckle 45,tongue unit 39 anduninflated member 36 are shown (see also FIG. 11). - Turning to FIG. 18,
tongue unit 39 includestongue housing 70,tongue prong 71,inflator 72, androller clamp 73 for adjusting the effective length ofbelt section 41. Also shown are inflatableflexible member panels 36 a, 36 b ofinflatable member 36 which engage tongue header pins 76 a, 76 b, mounted intongue header 77.Header 77 includesheader lock section 78. Afterpanels 36 a, 36 b are positioned on and around pins 76 a, 76 bslide lock section 78 is forced in place to hold theinflatable member panels 36 a, 36 b in place. Also shown isrupturable diaphragm 81 ingas passageway 82. - In schematic FIG. 19,
inflator 72 is located inbuckle 45 and the origin of the electrical signal to causeinflator 72 to operate is located on the tongue side of the belt arrangement.Electrical wire 85 with tandemnly-connectedwire sections crash detector 80 throughbelt section 41 andtongue unit 39 to buckle 45 intoinflator 72.Wire section 85 b includes asocket 79 andwire section 85 a includes a taperedhead 80 shaped to entersocket 79 for electrical connection. This arrangement permits the crash detector to be located in the anchor that servesbelt section 41 to provide the necessary tongue-to-buckle detachable connection. In FIG. 20, theinflator 72 is located in thetongue unit 39 and theinflatable member 36 is mounted on thebuckle 45. Gases generated ininflator 72 travel ingas passageway segments nipple 88 and socket 91. -
Inflator 72 may be any suitable inflator; however, it is preferably a hybrid inflator with a pressurized housing having walls and with the propellant positioned therein spaced from the walls. Any suitable pyrotechnic material or propellant may be used to create the required gases. Preferable propellants whose bum time is in the sub-millisecond range when combusted at a pressure of approximately 25,000 psi are used in the practice of this invention. The materials (propellants) utilized should have extremely short function times. The materials should have web thicknesses (the thicknesses that the materials burn through during their combustion) that are small and that will complete combustion in a short time such as less than a millisecond. - Universal Propulsion designated 7019a propellant maybe used. The 7019a propellant is a propellant material including an oxidizer such as ammonium nitrate; a nitramine (preferably thermally stable) and a binder. The nitramine may be cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX) or cyclo-1,3,5,7-tetramethylene-2,4,6,8-tetranitramine (HMX). Propellant 7019a is a solvent processed propellant which leaves a microscopic fine porosity throughout the quantity of propellant material positioned in
inflator 72. The binder should be a small percentage i.e. 4% of the material. - Propellant components should be proportioned to accomplish rapid and complete burning to produce gases which are environmentally sound and burn to reduce or eliminate inflator wall heating. The microscopic fine porosity in the propellant allows it to be produced with granules instead of as a single grain piece with each granule having a small web. The granules have the advantage of not being susceptible to cracks and the microporosity as well as the surface area created by the micro granules enable the propellant to be extremely quickly ignited. The propellant has high thermal stability and therefore requires high temperature to ignite it.
- In hybrid inflators where propellants are stored under pressure of a gas such as an inert gas, chemical degradation is not enhanced and further the high pressure aids markedly in providing a high speed ignition and burning capability to the system. Extremely short burning times are best accomplished by burning these propellants in a very high pressure environment. Additionally, the small granules and microporse propellant leading to the ultra-thin web facilitate the fact that the propellant will be consumed before it can be explosively hurled into contact with the walls including side walls of the
inflator 72. The reduction or elimination of propellant striking the walls of the inflator housing reduces the rise in temperature of the inflator and facilitates its use adjacent or even in contact with the occupant. - Finally, inflator propellant materials may in addition include Hercules “Hi-Temp” brand propellant.
- In FIG. 21, electrical signals are passed from
tongue unit 39 to buckle 45 employing a transformer 93 with one transformer portion 94 of the transformer 93 in thebuckle 45 and forming a part of buckle surface 45 s and the other portion 95 of the transformer 93 in thetongue unit 39 and forming a part of tongue unit surface 39 s. Electrical signals generated in transformer portion 95 cause electrical signals to be generated in transformer portion 94. Such signal transfer permits an electrical signal generated on one side of the belt system to be transmitted to the other side of the belt system so that the crash detector can be located on either side ofbelt system 38. Also shown in FIG. 21 iscrash detector 90 positioned on the tongue side for producing an electrical signal upon vehicle deceleration. - It is seen that when tongue and buckle are buckled and unbuckled, electricity and gas flow from one side of the lap belt to the other side of the lap belt which may be effected by the detachable connections described above or any other suitable arrangement.
- In FIG. 22, 22a and 22 b,
anchor 43 includesanchor cover 92 and anchor shielded housing 97 for shielding against extraneous radio waves or other waves that might prematurely activate the initiator. Also shown isanchor swivel unit 98.Initiator 101 is mounted in housing 97 and an inflator (not shown) is positioned inswivel unit 98. Gases generated inswivel unit 98 by the inflator pass throughexit neck 103, connector 105 intobelt 104 which belt is constructed of twolayers Layers - Referring to FIG. 23, an alternate bag design is shown in which
bag 108 has acentral opening 107 to permitbuckle 45 andtongue unit 39 to be readily operated in the central area of the occupant's lap.Central opening 107 is not part of the bag pressure-retaining envelope. Similarly, as stated abovebag passageway 102 is not part of the pressure-retaining envelope ofbag 108.Central opening 107 may through alternate bag design be located on either side of the center ofbag 108 as shown in FIG. 23. Belt 109 passes throughbag passageway 102 which is divided intopassageway sections sections central opening 107. - Finally, a further bag embodiment is shown in FIGS. 24, 24a-c, which
bag 110 consists of upper andlower sections waist section 113 withlap belt 116 passing aroundbag 110 rather than through a bag passageway as described above in earlier embodiments.Belt 116 is positioned againstbag waist section 113 upon inflation.Upper bag section 111 engages occupant's torso andlower bag section 112 engages the occupants legs and seat surface.Inflated belt section 113 which hasbelt 116 engaging its outer surface positions belt 116 distance X from occupant's waistline.Bag sections inflation bag portions - Turning now to schematic FIG. 24a,
bag sections bag 110′ sized to form an angle B of 105 or more whensections 111′, 112′ touch at point P. In FIG.24c bag sections 111″, 112″ ofbag 110″ are shown being distorted by forces applied by the occupant assections 111″, 112″ compress. Volume V represents the volume of theoretical overlap ofsections 111″, 112″ if no bag section compression occurred. The volume or pressure of gases supplied tobag section 111″ may differ from the volume or pressure of gases fed to thebag section 112″. - It is contemplated that the present invention may be used in aircraft, school buses, passenger cars and other vehicles. In airplane applications having rows of seats, each row or portion should be equipped with a separate crash detector.
- The present invention is particularly adaptable for use in aircraft or other vehicles where lap belts have been in common use for many years. Bags can be deployed from the lap belt area without need for installation of equipment in the seat backs located forward of the seated occupants. The invention provides protection for occupants, including pilots and passengers, of large or small aircraft.
- In certain crashes of a large airplane in which the forward portion of the airplane may rapidly decelerate and come to rest while the rearward portion of the plane continues to decelerate, air bag deployment for effective occupant protection should occur in the forward part of the airplane before bag deployment occurs in the rearward portion of the plane. Commercial passenger planes with their long length are subject to a traveling crash wave within the plane. Where a crash involves the front of an aircraft striking a building, a mountain, the ground, or other object deceleration occurs in the forward part of the aircraft before it occurs in the rear of the aircraft. The points of rapid deceleration therefore move from front to back in a waveform. This waveform of deceleration requires that air bags in the front of the plane be deployed before air bags in the rear of the plane.
- Turning to FIG. 25, three (3) rows of passengers are shown in which a
forward row 124 is equipped with agas supply unit 128 to serve that row.Gas supply unit 128 includes an initiator, an inflator and gas supply lines (not shown) which lines supply the bags mounted on the lap belts positioned across laps of the occupants in their seats. The inflator is sized to supply the air bags which serve each of the two (2) seats inrow 124.Gas supply unit 128 also includes a crash detector or other arrangement for creating a crash signal when a selected deceleration occurs atrow 124. The crash triggers the firing system creating a crash signal which in turn causes the initiator to ignite the inflator to rapidly create gases and supply them to the air bags inrow 124. The air bags offorward row 124 are in a state of deployment in which the bags have been fully filled with gas and the passengers' torsos have swung forward. - Also shown in FIG. 25 is
middle row 130 in which bag deployment has started andrearward row 132 in which the crash detector has not yet caused the air supply system to commence operation. - Alternatively, a gas supply unit may be positioned adjacent each individual seat in each row. Each supply unit may have its own crash detector firing system and inflator. An alternative arrangement for sequentially initiating bag deployment in a large aircraft is to have a single crash detector serve more than one row of seats.
- When a crash detector serves more than one row of seats the signal serving the more rearward rows is preferably delayed so that bag deployment occurs when it can provide maximum protection for each of the occupants in each row. Deployment is timed to occur sufficiently in advance of rapid deceleration of the occupants to allow for bag inflation to provide maximum protection from injury or death.
- Turning to FIG. 26
crash detector 133 serves three rows of seats.Forward row 135 has four (4)seats 135 a-d. Each seat has its own gas supply unit 136 a-d.Middle row 138 with four (4)seats 138 a-d has each of its seats served by a gas supply unit 139 a-d andrearward row 141 withseats 141 a-d have gas supply units 142 a-d.Crash detector 133 supplies signals to each row alongelectrical conduits conduit 144 cause the start of initiator, followed by, inflator activation, immediately afterdetector 133 measures a sudden deceleration. The signal transmitted along conduit 145 (which is simultaneously transmitted with theconduit 144 signal) is delayed bytime delay 148 so that bag deployment inmiddle row 138 occurs afterrow 135 deployment. The signal transmitted alongconduit 146, again simultaneously transmitted with the 144 conduit signal, is also delayed bytime delay 149 so thatrearward row 141 is deployed aftermiddle row 138. An aircraft with forty (40) rows of seats would be equipped with a dozen or more crash detectors. - The crash detector and firing
signal unit 133 include a firing system which produces a low voltage (amperage) signal. The system is preferably battery powered. - Turning to FIG. 27, circuitry for a crash detector is shown in which
actuating lever 150 is moved with aircraft deceleration.Lever 150 moves when deceleration in that section of the plane occurs to in turn move switcharms switch arms stationary contact switches short circuits capacitor 155 andresistor 156. Switch 152 also provides a short circuit acrosspyrotechnic squib 158. This preventscapacitor 155 from being charged and thesquib 158 from being fired. In this pre-crash mode, thetiming circuit 160 is powered bybattery 161. - Upon a crash, actuating
lever 150 moves switcharms battery 161 throughdiode 162 to startterminal 163 oftiming circuit 160.Capacitor 155 becomes charged. -
Timing circuit 160 times the preselected period. At the end of the period, thetiming circuit 160 produces a series of pulses online 166. These pulses trigger thetransistor 168 into a state of conductivity at the same frequency as the pulses. When thetransistor 168 becomes conductive, a relatively low voltage is produced on the collector of thetransistor 168. This low voltage discharges thecapacitor 155 and is introduced to the base of thetransistor 170 to make thetransistor 170 conductive. The pulses are filtered out bycapacitor 155 as a result of the charging of the capacitor through a circuit including thebattery 161, theswitch 151 and the base/emitter junction of thetransistor 170. - The flow of current through the
transistor 170 causes a relatively high voltage to be produced across theresistor 156. This high voltage establishes a state of conductivity in thetransistor 176. When thetransistor 176 becomes conductive, it has a relatively low impedance. This causes a circuit to be established through thecapacitor 172, the switch 152 (in the second state of operation), thepyrotechnic squib 158 and thetransistor 176. Thecapacitor 172 then discharges through thepyrotechnic initiator 158 to fire the pyrotechnic initiator. The firing of thepyrotechnic initiator 158 initiates the operation of the inflator to inflate bags in a passenger row. U.S. Pat. No. 5,335,598 issued Aug. 9, 1994 and owned by the assignee of the present application discloses and claims the timing system including a timing circuit as described above. U.S. Pat. No. 5,335,598 is incorporated herein by reference. - The firing circuit and
initiator 158 maybe housed in a single housing as disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,579 issued Mar. 19, 1996 and owned by the assignee of the present invention. U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,579 is incorporated herein by reference. - The
timing circuit 160 may utilize an input mechanism as the source of energy instead of a battery. An input electrical pulse, for example, of five (5) amperes and five (5) milliseconds, from an input mechanism is preferred rectified converting it to direct current which energy is stored in a capacitor as disclosed and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,230 issued Apr. 16, 1996 and owned by the assignee of the present invention. U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,230 is incorporated herein by reference. - Where electrical noise may trigger premature activation of the initiator, Faraday shielding may be placed around the firing circuit or internal filtering may be used or both. The triggering signal may be filtered by a low pass filter (e.g. inductance and capacitance) to prevent noise from passing. Finite filtering may also be employed. A device (e.g. Zener diode) limits the triggering signal amplitude. The filtered triggering signal charges the capacitance in the low pass filter. The capacitor charge causes a second transistor to become conductive, thereby producing a voltage across an impedance. This voltage triggers the first transistor to the conductive state to provide for the firing of the initiator.
- Faraday shielding and filtering are further described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,440,991 issued Aug. 15, 1995 and owned by the assignee of the present invention.
- For another embodiment of the invention, the crash detector may be triggered by propagated energy waves such as radar waves rather than by aircraft deceleration. For example, a radar signal from a signaler180 may be sent out by the airplane which signal would reflect off an object which is on a collision course with the airplane. The reflected signal would then trigger the crash detector to start the sequence of inflation row by row of the occupants' air bags prior to the collision. A computer may be used to compute the time of the deceleration in various vehicle portions. By starting the inflation process, prior to collision, the time for deployment may be extended from twenty or forty milliseconds to 1000 milliseconds. For example, if an airplane is traveling at 120 mph (176 ft. per second) and the bag is deployed when the airplane is 176 ft from collision, a period of 1000 milliseconds may be provided for deployment to occur. Longer deployment times reduce the peak forces and pressure applied to passengers thus reducing the risk of injury by the bags during inflation.
- The forces generated in the lap belts of the present invention are about one thousand (1000) pounds per side. Gas bag pressure upon full inflation is about 20 psig. Inflation times are between 10 and 1000 milliseconds.
- Inflatable members other than bags such as belts may be useful in practicing the present invention. The embodiments of FIGS.25-27 are also useful in vehicles other than airplanes such as trains, buses and elongated automobiles. Further such embodiments may employ the same inflators using the same pyrotechnic materials and propellants described herein.
Claims (21)
1. A vehicle restraint system for restraining occupants during rapid deceleration of a vehicle having first and second vehicle portions in which rapid deceleration occurs in the first vehicle portion prior to rapid deceleration in the second vehicle portion and in which first and second occupants are positioned in the first and second portions, respectively, comprising:
a first inflatable member mounted to be deployed to protect the first occupant;
a second inflatable member mounted to be deployed to protect the second occupant;
a first and second inflator for inflating the first and second inflatable members; and
a crash detector firing system comprising a deceleration detection detector and electrical conduits for controlling the first and second inflators, so that the crash detector firing system can transmit separate signals to each inflator and inflate the first inflatable member before the second inflatable member.
2. The vehicle restraint system of claim 1 , wherein the crash detector firing system further comprises a collision detector that can detect an impending collision.
3. The vehicle restraint system of claim 2 , wherein the collision detector further comprises a computing device that calculates the time of rapid deceleration for the first and second vehicle portions.
4. The vehicle restraint system of claim 2 , wherein the collision detector comprises a radar signal generator and receiver.
5. The vehicle restraint system of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is an airplane.
6. The vehicle restraint system of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a train.
7. The vehicle restraint system of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is a bus.
8. The vehicle restraint system of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle is an automobile.
9. A method of restraining occupants during rapid deceleration of a vehicle having first and second vehicle portions for which deceleration occurs in the first portion prior to deceleration in the second portion, comprising the steps of:
providing occupant seats in the first and second portions;
positioning inflatable members mounted to be deployed for protecting occupants in such occupant seats;
providing a crash detector firing system that performs the following steps:
creating and sending a first signal to a first inflator to inflate the inflatable member in the first portion at a first time;
creating and sending a second signal to a second inflator to inflate the inflatable member in the second portion at a second time after the first time;
wherein inflation of inflatable members in the first and second portions is timed to occur sufficiently in advance to protect the occupants.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the crash detector firing system triggers the first and second signals by use of a deceleration detection detector, and wherein the first and second signals are transmitted through electrical conduits to the first and second inflators.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the sending of the second signal is delayed by a predetermined time after the sending of the first signal to cause deployment of the inflatable member in the second portion to occur after deployment of the inflatable member in the first portion.
12. The method of claim 9 in which the crash detector firing system provides a signal for deploying inflatable members in each row of occupant seats in the first and second portions.
13. The method of claim 9 further comprising the steps of:
detecting a collision of the vehicle with an object prior to the collision; and
determining the time of rapid deceleration for the first and second vehicle portions.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of detecting a collision comprises propagating a radar signal and receiving a reflected signal.
15. The method of restraining occupants of claim 13 having the further step of determining the delay between the deployment of the first and second inflatable members so deployment of the inflatable members is timed to protect the occupants in each portion.
16. A method of providing protection to occupants in an elongated movable vehicle in which rapid deceleration occurs in the forward part of the vehicle before it occurs in the rearward part of the vehicle, comprising the steps of:
providing seats in forward and rearward parts of the vehicle;
installing inflatable members and inflators that inflate such members to serve the seats;
providing a crash detector that determines whether the vehicle will collide with an object prior to the collision;
generating a signal from the deceleration detector to the inflators to deploy the inflatable members during rapid deceleration; and
inflating the inflatable members to correspond to the time of rapid deceleration for forward and rearward parts of the vehicle.
17. The method of restraining occupants of claim 16 having the further step of determining a delay of deployment of the inflatable members for the forward and rearward parts of the vehicle so that inflation member deployment occurs in each part of the vehicle when deployment provides maximum protection for each of the occupants.
18. The method of restraining occupants of claim 16 in which the deceleration detector propagates a radar signal and receives a reflected signal.
19. A method of providing protection to occupants in an elongated movable vehicle in which deceleration occurs in the forward part of the vehicle before it occurs in the rearward part of the vehicle, comprising:
providing seats in forward and rearward parts of the vehicle;
installing inflatable members to serve the seats and inflators for deploying such inflatable members;
providing a crash detector that determines whether the vehicle will collide with an object during the vehicle's movement;
generating signals from the crash detector when the crash detector determines a collision will occur; and
transmitting such signals to the inflators to deploy the inflatable members.
20. The method of claim 19 in which the inflatable members in the forward part of the vehicle are deployed prior to deployment of inflatable members in the rearward part of the vehicle.
21. The method of claim 19 in which inflation is initiated prior to the collision of the vehicle and the object.
Priority Applications (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20010041573A (en) | 2001-05-25 |
EP1060095A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
WO1999044865A1 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
BR9908471A (en) | 2000-12-05 |
JP2002505226A (en) | 2002-02-19 |
AU2977499A (en) | 1999-09-20 |
US6293582B1 (en) | 2001-09-25 |
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