US20020065592A1 - Steering column differential angle position sensor - Google Patents
Steering column differential angle position sensor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020065592A1 US20020065592A1 US09/726,057 US72605700A US2002065592A1 US 20020065592 A1 US20020065592 A1 US 20020065592A1 US 72605700 A US72605700 A US 72605700A US 2002065592 A1 US2002065592 A1 US 2002065592A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flux
- shutters
- sensor
- shutter
- coil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/22—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers
- G01L5/221—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force applied to control members, e.g. control members of vehicles, triggers to steering wheels, e.g. for power assisted steering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D6/00—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits
- B62D6/08—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits responsive only to driver input torque
- B62D6/10—Arrangements for automatically controlling steering depending on driving conditions sensed and responded to, e.g. control circuits responsive only to driver input torque characterised by means for sensing or determining torque
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
- G01D5/204—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the mutual induction between two or more coils
- G01D5/2053—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the mutual induction between two or more coils by a movable non-ferromagnetic conductive element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
- G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
- G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
- G01L3/105—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means involving inductive means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present application claims priority from provisional U.S. patent application serial No. 60/193,304, filed Mar. 30, 2000.
- The present invention relates to steering column torque sensors.
- Power assisted steering is a standard motor vehicle equipment feature. It happens that in order for a typical power steering control system to properly operate, a steering column torque sensor must be included in the system to close the control loop. Torque sensors, such as resistance strip/strain gauge sensors, capacitance sensors, eddy-current sensors, magneto-elastic sensors, and transformer/strain gauge sensors, have been provided to determine the torque on the steering column. However, these sensors lack the sensitivity required for many of the present power steering control systems. Moreover, these sensors are extremely sensitive to changes in temperature and have limited durability.
- The present invention has recognized the above-mentioned prior art drawbacks, and has provided the below-disclosed solutions to one or more of the prior art deficiencies. More specifically, the present invention understands that for reliability, durability, and sensitivity reasons, a non-contact torque sensor can be used to measure torque on a rotating shaft.
- A sensor for measuring differential angular displacement between a first shaft segment and a second shaft segment includes a first flux shutter that is coupled to the first shaft segment and a second flux shutter that is coupled to the second shaft segment. The second flux shutter is coaxially aligned with the first flux shutter, and the first flux shutter and the second flux shutter form a plurality of openings. The sensor also includes at least one transmitter coil that is energizable to provide a magnetic field around the flux shutters and at least one receiver coil that senses a change in the magnetic flux that reaches the receiver coil when the flux shutters move relative to each other. The sensor outputs a signal representative of the relative angular orientation of the flux shutters.
- In a preferred embodiment, a housing surrounds the coils and the flux shutters. Preferably, a torsion bar couples the first shaft and the second shaft. Moreover, the housing defines a vertical axis and the flux shutters are disposed within the housing perpendicular to the axis. In the preferred embodiment, the receiver coil is surrounded by a first flux concentrator and the transmitter coil is surrounded by a second flux concentrator. The sensor further includes at least one reference target coaxially aligned with the flux shutters and at least one reference coil coaxially aligned with the flux shutters. The reference coil and reference target are used to compensate for changes in the sensor caused by temperature changes.
- In another aspect of the present invention, a power steering control system includes a microprocessor, a power source, and a steering column differential angle position sensor. The steering column differential angle position sensor is electrically coupled to the microprocessor, electrically coupled to the power source and mechanically coupled to a steering column. The position sensor transmits a signal to the microprocessor that represents an angular displacement between a first flux shutter and a second flux shutter.
- In yet another aspect of the present invention, a method for controlling a power steering system includes installing a first flux shutter on a first steering shaft segment and installing a second flux shutter on a second steering shaft segment. In this aspect of the present invention, the method also includes sensing a differential angular position between the first flux shutter and the second flux shutter and generating a signal representing the differential angular position.
- The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a steering column;
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a steering column differential angle position sensor as seen in
box 2 in FIG. 1; - FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the upper flux shutter;
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram representing a vehicle steering control system.
- Referring initially to FIG. 1, a motor vehicle steering column is shown and generally designated10. FIG. 1 shows that the steering column includes an
upper steering shaft 12 and alower steering shaft 14 connected by atorsion bar 16. As shown in FIG. 1, theupper steering shaft 12 is connected to asteering wheel 18. Thelower steering shaft 14 is connected to a rack and pinion (not shown) or other steering mechanism coupled to the wheels of a vehicle. It is to be appreciated that the steering column differential angle position sensor, described below, is installed along thesteering column 10 at the junction of the upper andlower steering shafts torsion bar 16 in the area indicated by dashedbox 2. - Referring to FIG. 2, a steering column differential angle position sensor is shown and generally designated20. FIG. 2 shows that the steering column differential
angle position sensor 20 includes a hollow,toroidal housing 22 that, in a preferred embodiment, is manufactured from a non-ferromagnetic material. Within thehousing 22 and circumscribing theupper steering shaft 12, is a generally disk-shaped receiver coil 24 closely surrounded by anupper flux concentrator 26. As shown in FIG. 2, thesensor 20 also includes a solid, preferably metal, generally disk-shaped reference target 28 sandwiched between a generally disk-shaped transmitter coil 30 and a generally disk-shaped reference coil 32. Thetransmitter coil 30,reference target 28, andreference coil 32 are closely surrounded by alower flux concentrator 34 and circumscribe thelower steering shaft 14. Preferably, the upper andlower flux concentrators concentrators coils coils - Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, a generally disk-shaped
upper flux shutter 36 and a generally disk-shaped lower flux shutter 38 are disposed within thesensor housing 22. Preferably, theupper flux shutter 36 and lower flux shutter 38 are manufactured from a high permeability soft magnetic material. FIG. 2 shows that theupper flux shutter 36 is rigidly affixed to theupper steering shaft 12 and rotates with the upper steering shaft. Conversely, the lower flux shutter 38 is rigidly affixed to thelower steering shaft 14 and, accordingly, rotates therewith. It may now be appreciated that any torque on theupper steering shaft 12 will turn theupper flux shutter 36 relative to the lower flux shutter 38. As shown in FIG. 2, a printedcircuit board 40 is also disposed within thesensor housing 22. - FIG. 2 shows that the
flux shutters 36, 38 are installed within thehousing 22 such that they are parallel to each other and parallel to thecoils steering shafts axis 42 and thesensor 20 is installed around thesteering shafts sensor 20, e.g., thecoils flux shutters 36, 38, are perpendicular to theaxis 42. Moreover, theflux shutters 36, 38 and thecoils axis 42. - Referring now to FIG. 3, the
upper flux shutter 36 is shown. FIG. 3 shows that theupper flux shutter 36 is formed with a plurality of equally sized andshaped openings 44 that are equally radially spaced around theflux shutter 36. It is to be appreciated that the size and shape of theshutter openings 44 can be altered depending on the measurement range of thesensor 20 and the transfer function of the magnetic circuit formed by thecoils upper flux shutter 36. - Preferably, the centers of the
openings 44 formed by theflux shutters 36, 38 are placed the same distance from the centers of theflux shutters 36, 38 and are equally radially spaced around theflux shutters 36, 38. However, in a preferred embodiment, the openings formed by one of theflux shutters 36, 38, e.g., thelower flux shutter 36, are relatively smaller than theopenings 44 formed by the upper flux shutter 38 to compensate for any unwanted transverse motion of thelower flux shutter 36 relative to the upper flux shutter 38. - Without any torque applied to the
torsion bar 16, theopenings 44 formed by theupper flux shutter 36 and theopenings 44 formed by the flux shutter 38 are approximately fifty percent (50%) overlapped. At zero torque, approximately fifty percent (50%) of the total possible open area of theflux shutters 36, 38 between thetransmitter coil 30 and thereceiver coil 24 is available. However, when a torque is applied to theupper steering shaft 12 and friction such as tire to road friction is present on thelower shaft 14, thetorsion bar 16 twists at a predetermined spring rate. The twisting of thetorsion bar 16 creates a differential angle between theflux shutters 36, 38 which changes the open area through theflux shutters 36, 38. The direction of applied torque, either clockwise or counter-clockwise, is also of interest. When a torque is applied in one direction on theupper shaft 12, the open area through theflux shutters 36, 38 will increase from fifty percent (50%) to near one hundred percent (100%). On the other hand, when a torque is applied to theupper shaft 12 in the opposite direction, the open area through theflux shutters 36, 38 decreases from fifty percent (50%) to near zero percent (0%). As the area through theflux shutters 36, 38 increases, the amount of flux reaching thereceiver coil 24 increases, and as such, the voltage present across thereceiver coil 24 increases. Likewise, as the area through theflux shutters 36, 38 decreases, the voltage across thereceiver coil 24 decreases. The change in voltage at thereceiver coil 24 is used to determine the differential angle between theupper flux shutter 36 and the lower flux shutter 38. Moreover, the direction of motion between theflux shutters 36, 38 can be determined. - By knowing the differential angle between the
upper flux shutter 36 and the lower flux shutter 38 the angle of twist between the top and bottom of thetorsion bar 16 can be determined. As is known in the art, by knowing the torsional spring rate and the angle of twist, the torque acting on the torsion bar during steering can be determined and a steering control system can compensate accordingly. - Thus, by energizing the
transmitter coil 30 to create a magnetic field around theflux shutters 36, 38 and using thereceiver coil 24 to sense changes in the flux caused by relative motion between the upper andlower flux shutters 36, 38, a torque on thesteering column 10 that is mechanically coupled to thesensor 20 can be determined by a microprocessor, described below. As intended herein, thereference coil 32 andreference target 28 are used to provide a reference output that varies due to temperature changes in theflux shutters 36, 38 and coils 24, 30. The reference sensor output is used to compensate the main sensor output due to temperature effects. - Referring now to FIG. 4, a block diagram representing a steering system is shown and designated50. FIG. 4 shows that the
steering system 50 includes the steering column differentialangle position sensor 20, which is electrically coupled to amicroprocessor 52 viaelectrical line 54. FIG. 4 also shows that the steering column differentialangle position sensor 20 is electrically coupled to apower source 56 viaelectrical line 58 and mechanically coupled to thesteering column 10 as described above. - Accordingly, the
microprocessor 52 processes the signals sent from thesensor 20 to determine asteering column 10 torque based on the differential angular positions of the upper andlower flux shutters 36, 38. Themicroprocessor 52 can then control avehicle control system 60 using thesteering column 10 torque signal. - It is to be appreciated that the
receiver coil 24 and thereference coil 32 may include a capacitor across the terminals of eachcoil coils transmitter coil 30 and produce higher voltages in thereceiver coil 24 andreference coil 32. - With the configuration of structure described above, it is to be appreciated that the steering column differential
angle position sensor 20 provides a relatively sensitive, relatively compact, and relatively durable means for determining the torque on asteering column 10 based on the change in magnetic flux reaching thereceiver coil 24 due to the relative position of theupper flux shutter 36 and the lower flux shutter 38. - While the particular steering column differential
angle position sensor 20 as herein shown and described in detail is fully capable of attaining the above-described objects of the invention, it is to be understood that it is the presently preferred embodiment of the present invention and thus, is representative of the subject matter which is broadly contemplated by the present invention, that the scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments which may become obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the scope of the present invention is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described preferred embodiment that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the present invention, for it is to be encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. section 112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/726,057 US6424896B1 (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2000-11-29 | Steering column differential angle position sensor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US19330400P | 2000-03-30 | 2000-03-30 | |
US09/726,057 US6424896B1 (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2000-11-29 | Steering column differential angle position sensor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20020065592A1 true US20020065592A1 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
US6424896B1 US6424896B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
Family
ID=22713070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/726,057 Expired - Fee Related US6424896B1 (en) | 2000-03-30 | 2000-11-29 | Steering column differential angle position sensor |
Country Status (2)
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US (1) | US6424896B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10113997B4 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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CN105209323A (en) * | 2013-04-13 | 2015-12-30 | 法雷奥开关和传感器有限责任公司 | Sensor assembly on a steering column of a motor vehicle |
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US6896933B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2005-05-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method of maintaining a non-obstructed interior opening in kinetic spray nozzles |
US7476422B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2009-01-13 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Copper circuit formed by kinetic spray |
US6955623B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2005-10-18 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Single planet steering position planetary differential |
US6774642B2 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-08-10 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Capacitive angular position sensor |
FR2844875B1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2005-03-04 | Siemens Vdo Automotive | ANGULAR SHIFT ANALOG SENSOR |
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US6924249B2 (en) * | 2002-10-02 | 2005-08-02 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Direct application of catalysts to substrates via a thermal spray process for treatment of the atmosphere |
US20040101620A1 (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-05-27 | Elmoursi Alaa A. | Method for aluminum metalization of ceramics for power electronics applications |
US6851324B2 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2005-02-08 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Non-contacting compliant torque sensor |
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US20040142198A1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-07-22 | Thomas Hubert Van Steenkiste | Magnetostrictive/magnetic material for use in torque sensors |
US6872427B2 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2005-03-29 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method for producing electrical contacts using selective melting and a low pressure kinetic spray process |
US6894485B2 (en) * | 2003-02-10 | 2005-05-17 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Position sensing by measuring intensity of magnetic flux passing through an aperture in a movable element |
US6946832B2 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2005-09-20 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Speed and angular position sensing assembly |
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US6836111B2 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2004-12-28 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Sensor assembly with a universal sensor module for sensing angular position of an object |
US7021160B2 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2006-04-04 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus for sensing position and/or torque |
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US20050040260A1 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2005-02-24 | Zhibo Zhao | Coaxial low pressure injection method and a gas collimator for a kinetic spray nozzle |
US7351450B2 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2008-04-01 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Correcting defective kinetically sprayed surfaces |
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US7463023B1 (en) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-12-09 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Non-contacting rotary and linear travel sensor |
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GB201408622D0 (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-07-02 | Oxford Space Systems Ltd | Linear bearing |
US10837802B2 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2020-11-17 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Position sensing system with an electromagnet |
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-
2000
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-
2001
- 2001-03-22 DE DE10113997A patent/DE10113997B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105209323A (en) * | 2013-04-13 | 2015-12-30 | 法雷奥开关和传感器有限责任公司 | Sensor assembly on a steering column of a motor vehicle |
US20160052550A1 (en) * | 2013-04-13 | 2016-02-25 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Sensor arrangement on a steering column of a motor vehicle |
US9878741B2 (en) * | 2013-04-13 | 2018-01-30 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Sensor arrangement on a steering column of a motor vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10113997B4 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
DE10113997A1 (en) | 2001-10-18 |
US6424896B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
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Owner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTON Free format text: INVALID DOCUMENT;ASSIGNORS:TRUELOVE, BENJAMIN N.;LEE, WAI ON;RICARD, DOUGLAS A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:011330/0720 Effective date: 20001122 Owner name: DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES, INC., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIN, YINGJIE;NICHOLSON, WARREN BAXTER;THOMSON, STEVEN DOUGLAS;REEL/FRAME:011377/0062 Effective date: 20001109 |
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REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
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