US20020152806A1 - Accelerometer caliper while drilling - Google Patents
Accelerometer caliper while drilling Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020152806A1 US20020152806A1 US09/841,659 US84165901A US2002152806A1 US 20020152806 A1 US20020152806 A1 US 20020152806A1 US 84165901 A US84165901 A US 84165901A US 2002152806 A1 US2002152806 A1 US 2002152806A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- caliper
- accelerometer
- drill bit
- tool body
- wellbore
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/08—Measuring diameters or related dimensions at the borehole
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- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to an apparatus for use in accurately determining a wellbore caliper. In particular the invention relates to the determination of wellbore caliper while a drilling process is taking place. In a practical embodiment, this is achieved by using a plurality of orthogonally mounted accelerometers.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Typically, a wellbore extending through a formation is not straight, but rather extends in a snake-like fashion through the formation. Such wellbores are often of spiraling form resulting from the rotary motion of the drill bit. However, the wellbore may also take other forms, for example, as a result of the drill bit being deflected from its original path as a result of encountering a change in the structure of the formation through which the wellbore is being drilled. Even wellbores which are regarded as being straight often have variations in deviation and direction. Although these variations may be small, they can still be of significance when completing a wellbore. By way of example, it is usual to line a wellbore of 8½″ diameter using a casing having an outer diameter of 7″. Clearly, if the wellbore is exactly straight, this gives a radial clearance of only ¾″. Obviously, where the wellbore is not exactly straight, then there may be regions where there is less clearance, or regions where the provisions of such a casing is not practical and other lining techniques may need to be used.
- In practice, wellbores are very rarely exactly straight, indeed with the advent of steerable drilling systems highly deviated and horizontal wellbores are widely used in order to enhance reservoir production. The positioning of a completion string such as a wellbore casing within such a wellbore can be a very difficult operation and may result in damage to the completion string. Even where the completion string is not damaged, there is an increased likelihood of impaired production rates.
- It will be appreciated from the description above that the geometry and orientation of the wellbore, as well as the way a completion string will sit in the wellbore, play a very important part in determining the effectiveness of the completion during clean up, treatment, cementing/isolation, and production.
- A number of techniques are known to permit the measurement of wellbore shape. One such technique involves the use of a tool known as a dipmeter which includes sensors arranged to measure variations in the conductivity of the formation. The dipmeter has calipers arranged to measure the size of the wellbore as the dipmeter passes along the length of the wellbore. Other sensors arranged to measure the deviation and direction of the wellbore may also be provided. In use, the dipmeter is passed along the length of the wellbore and readings are taken using the various sensors. The readings are logged along with the position of the dipmeter at the time the readings are taken and this information is subsequently used to produce a three-dimensional image of the wellbore.
- Other tools are also known for use in measuring the shape of the wellbore. For example, a tool known as a borehole geometry tool can be used. A tool of this type is similar to a dipmeter but does not include sensors for measuring formation conductivity. Another tool is an ultrasonic borehole imaging (UBI) tool. This tool is used in conjunction with a general purpose inclinometry tool to generate data representative of the wellbore shape and size which data can, if desired, be used to produce a three-dimensional image of the wellbore.
- It will be appreciated that knowledge of what is likely to happen downhole as a completion string is inserted into a wellbore is useful in deciding how to complete a wellbore.
- Accurate measurement of the wellbore caliper using the above-described devices can only be achieved after drilling. Measurement while drilling is not practical as it is not possible to determine the absolute position of the tool being used to generate the desired data. Further, where a UBI tool is used, the tool must be rotated relatively slowly as the sensitivity of the tool decreases with increasing speed, making the tool unsuitable for use in a measurement while drilling system.
- Measurement of a number of drilling parameters while drilling can be achieved. For example, WO99/36801 describes an arrangement for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of a wellbore. Such imaging is useful as it can be used to derive information representative of the porosity, fluid composition, the quantity of moveable fluid and the permeability of the formation being drilled. In order to produce useful data, it is important that the sensor of the arrangement is either stationary or is only moving relatively slowly. Where fast movement is occurring, the results are less useful in determining the values of the parameters as there is an increased risk of significant errors in the results. In order to determine whether or not the NMR readings taken using the tool can be used, the tool is provided with sensors for use in monitoring the motion of the tool. One example of a suitable sensor arrangement is to provide the tool with accelerometers and a suitable control arrangement. The accelerometer readings can be used to produce data representative of the motion of the tool, and the control arrangement can be used to inhibit the production of NMR data when the motion of the tool is such that the NMR readings would be likely to include significant errors. Alternatively, the control arrangement may be arranged to allow the NMR readings to be made to flag the readings that are likely to contain errors.
- According to the present invention there is provided an accelerometer caliper while drilling arrangement comprising a drill bit having an axis of rotation and a gauge region, a caliper tool body, a first accelerometer mounted upon the caliper tool body and arranged to measure acceleration in a first direction, and a second accelerometer mounted upon the caliper tool body and arranged to measure acceleration in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, wherein the caliper tool body and the drill bit are coupled to one another in such a manner that the first and second accelerometers are mounted in a known relationship to the drill bit.
- As the accelerometers are mounted in a known relationship to the drill bit, and as the drill bit defines the edges of the bore, the positions of the accelerometers are known and the acceleration readings taken using the accelerometer can be used to ascertain the shape of the wellbore.
- Although as described above, only two orthogonally mounted accelerometers are required, it will be appreciated that if a greater number of accelerometers are provided, then it may be possible to increase the accuracy with which caliper readings can be taken. In a preferred arrangement, three accelerometers are used, but it will be appreciated that the invention is not restricted to arrangements including three accelerometers.
- It is thought that the accelerometer caliper while drilling tool will be able to take wellbore caliper diameter measurements with an accuracy of up to about +/−0.06″.
- If desired, the caliper tool body may form part of the drill bit.
- The invention will further be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a wellbore and bottom hole assembly including an accelerometer caliper while drilling system;
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of part of the caliper while drilling system; and
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of part of an alternative bottom hole assembly.
- The bottom hole assembly (BHA) illustrated, diagrammatically, in FIG. 1 comprises a
drill bit 10 of the rotary drag type which has anaxis 12 about which it is rotated, in use, and agauge region 14. Thegauge region 14 bears against thewall 16 of the wellbore, in use. - The
drill bit 10 is mounted upon acaliper tool 18 which comprises a body of diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of thegauge region 14 of thedrill bit 10. As thebody 20 is slightly smaller in diameter than thegauge region 14, it will be appreciated that, when the bottom hole assembly is in a straight part of the wellbore, thetool body 20 is radially spaced from thewall 16 of the wellbore. - The
body 20 has mounted thereon three accelerometers oracceleration sensors 22. Two of thesensors 22 are mounted at the periphery of thebody 20 and lie upon a diameter of thebody 20. These two sensors are denoted by thereference numerals sensors longitudinal axis 12 relative to one another and are sensitive to lateral acceleration of thebody 20 in afirst direction 25, and to be sensitive to angular acceleration of thetool body 20. Although it is preferred tooppositely mount sensors direction 29 perpendicular to, or orthogonal to, thefirst direction 25 in which thesensors - The
tool body 20 is connected to adrill string 30 which supports the bottom hole assembly. If desired, the bottom hole assembly may include a number of other components. For example, it may include astabilizer 32, a mudpulse telemetry transmitter 34 and where the system of which the bottom hole assembly forms part takes the form of a steerable drilling system, then the bottom hole assembly may include abias unit 36 arranged to apply a side loading to thedrill bit 10 to cause the formation of a curve in the wellbore (as shown), or it may include a downhole motor for rotating the drill bit, and a bent component positionable, by controlling the angular position of the drill string, to control the direction in which drilling is taking place. - In use, while drilling is taking place, the
caliper tool 18 is controlled in such a manner as to produce sensor readings representative of the accelerations experienced by thetool 18. By double integration of the sensor readings, the sensor readings can be converted into data representative of the radial position of thetool 18 relative to thewall 16 of the wellbore. - As the
tool 18 is physically secured to thedrill bit 10, the positions of theaccelerometers 24 relative to thedrill bit 10 are known and fixed. If the position of thewall 16 relative to the sensors is known, and the positions of the sensors are known, then the absolute position and shape of thewall 16 of the wellbore can be determined. - The
drill bit 10 should normally lie substantially on the axis of the part of the bore being drilled. As described hereinbefore, where the wellbore is straight, thetool 18 should not engage thewall 16 of the wellbore, and so any acceleration of the tool body should be as a result of instructions modifying the drilling parameters, for example changing the direction of drilling, and as these accelerations are expected, they can be accounted for and can, if desired, be used to monitor the effect of alteration of the drilling parameters. If the bottom hole assembly is not located within a straight part of the bore, then thetool body 20 may move into contact with the wall of the borehole. In these circumstances, the sensors will produce signals representative of the accelerations experienced by thetool 18 occurring as a result of thetool body 20 colliding or otherwise engaging with the wall of the wellbore. - In practice, the formation of straight parts of a wellbore occurs relatively infrequently as the rotary motion of the drill bits tends to result in the formation of wellbores of spiral form, and these spiraling wellbores are often regarded as being ‘straight’, even though completion of these parts of the wellbore may be complicated due to their shape. The apparatus described hereinbefore can be used to monitor the formation of these spiraling parts of the wellbore, and the data derived used in determining how completion can best be effected.
- As mentioned above, the acceleration readings are double integrated to produce data representative of the positions of the
sensors 22 at the time that the accelerations were sensed. As the positions of thesensors 22 are fixed relative to the drill bit, and as some information about the position of the drill bit is known, for example the distance downhole of the drill bit and the fact that it lies on the axis of the wellbore, a three-dimensional image of the wellbore can be derived. Since thedrill bit 10 creates and defines thewall 16 of the wellbore as the bit drills, dimensional information of the wall 16 (i.e. the caliper) is readily determined knowing the position information gained from thesensors 22, and the geometrical relationship between the sensors and thedrill bit 10. - In order to orient the three-
dimensional information wall 16 of the wellbore properly in space, other information is required. If the wellbore is not vertical, the constant acceleration due to gravity can be derived from the sensor signals. This information is used to align the three-dimensional image angularly, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the wellbore. If the wellbore is vertical, amagnetometer 38 may be used to angularly align the three-dimensional image. The three-dimensional image must also be located properly along the length of the drill string. This is readily accomplished by monitoring the distance downhole of the drill bit. - The
caliper tool 18 may be operated in several ways. In a simple mode of operation, thecaliper tool 18 may simply store the acceleration readings for subsequent interpretation once thetool 18 has been returned to the surface. Alternatively, the tool may be arranged to process the data to determine the shape of the bore as the readings are being made. In either case, if desired, thetool 18 may be connected to a system for transmitting data, either in its raw form or its processed form, to the surface to enable an operator to see the shape of the wellbore while thetool 18 is within the wellbore. Typically, such transmission of data could be performed using a mud pulse telemetry technique and thetransmitter 34. - In order to reduce the quantity of data that must be stored or transmitted, the apparatus may be designed or controlled in such a manner as to permit sensor readings to be taken relatively infrequently where it is sensed that the wellbore is relatively straight or where the tool occupies a portion of the wellbore of little interest to the operator, the frequency of taking readings, and hence the quality of the data resolution, increasing when it is sensed that the tool occupies a non-straight portion of the wellbore or the tool is located within a portion of the wellbore of greater interest to the operator.
- Although in the description hereinbefore the
tool body 20 is of diameter and position such that it does not engage the wellbore when the bottom hole assembly is located within a straight part of the wellbore, this need not be the case. If desired, the tool body could be designed in such a manner as to promote engagement between the tool body and the wall of the wellbore in order to increase the number of positive accelerometer readings. For example, thetool body 20 could be located eccentrically relative to the axis of the drill bit as shown in FIG. 3. In such circumstances, the shape and position of the tool body must be taken into account when interpreting the sensor readings. - In a modification, rather than mounting the
acceleration sensors 22 on a separatecaliper tool body 20 secured to thedrill bit 10, thecaliper tool body 20 may form part of the drill bit 10 (also as shown in FIG. 3). - Whereas the present invention has been described in particular relation to the drawings attached hereto, it should be understood that other and further modifications apart from those shown or suggested herein, may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/841,659 US6467341B1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2001-04-24 | Accelerometer caliper while drilling |
AT02252599T ATE479825T1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2002-04-11 | CALIBER MEASUREMENT DURING DRILLING USING ACCELERATION MEASUREMENT |
EP02252599A EP1253285B1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2002-04-11 | Accelerometer caliper while drilling |
DE60237489T DE60237489D1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2002-04-11 | Caliber measurement during drilling by means of acceleration measurement |
NO20021817A NO20021817L (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2002-04-18 | Accelerometer, caliper for drilling arrangement |
CA002382974A CA2382974C (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2002-04-23 | Accelerometer caliper while drilling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/841,659 US6467341B1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2001-04-24 | Accelerometer caliper while drilling |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6467341B1 US6467341B1 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
US20020152806A1 true US20020152806A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
Family
ID=25285409
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/841,659 Expired - Lifetime US6467341B1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2001-04-24 | Accelerometer caliper while drilling |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6467341B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1253285B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE479825T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2382974C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60237489D1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20021817L (en) |
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-
2001
- 2001-04-24 US US09/841,659 patent/US6467341B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-04-11 AT AT02252599T patent/ATE479825T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-04-11 EP EP02252599A patent/EP1253285B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-11 DE DE60237489T patent/DE60237489D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-04-18 NO NO20021817A patent/NO20021817L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-23 CA CA002382974A patent/CA2382974C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100051292A1 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2010-03-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drill Bit With Weight And Torque Sensors |
US8245792B2 (en) * | 2008-08-26 | 2012-08-21 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drill bit with weight and torque sensors and method of making a drill bit |
US11566519B2 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2023-01-31 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Laser-based monitoring tool |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE60237489D1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
EP1253285A2 (en) | 2002-10-30 |
EP1253285A3 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
CA2382974A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
ATE479825T1 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
NO20021817L (en) | 2002-10-25 |
NO20021817D0 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
CA2382974C (en) | 2009-07-14 |
EP1253285B1 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
US6467341B1 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
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