US20020155180A1

US20020155180A1 - Topical preparation for treating acne and hirsutism

Info

Publication number: US20020155180A1
Application number: US10/097,001
Authority: US
Inventors: David Goodman
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-05-03
Filing date: 2002-03-13
Publication date: 2002-10-24
Also published as: US6358541B1; WO2001082880A3; WO2001082880A2; WO2001082880B1; AU2001255779A1

Abstract

An improved method and preparation for the treatment of acne and hirsutism comprises topically applying an effective amount of a saw palmetto berry extract, and preferably one or more low irritability constituents that enhance penetration of the extract into hair follicle sebaceous glands. The low irritability penetration aid may be selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinaldehyde, retinol, tazarotene, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), azelaic acid, and alpha hydroxy acids (glycolic acid) as well as polyolprepolymer-2.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/563,555 filed May 3, 2000 for the instant inventor.[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an improved preparation and method for treating both acne and hirsutism, or unwanted facial and body hair in women; and more particularly to a preparation comprising a topically active extract of saw palmetto berries, with one or more compounds which exhibit low irritability and enhance penetration of the extract into hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

Pathogenens of Acne

Acne is caused by a complex interaction of excessive sebum production colonization of hair follicles by Proprionibasterium acnes, and follicular plugging or comedone formation.

Sebum is the oily secretion of sebaceous glands. These glands drain directly into hair follicles and are present mainly on the face, chest and back. Sebum production is predominantly controlled by androgens manufactured in the testes, adrenal glands, and ovaries. High levels of androgens are associated with increased sebum production.

Dihydrotestosterone (hereinafter referenced to as DHT), is the prime androgen responsible for excessive sebum production. Skin affected by acne contains two to thirty times more DHT than normal skin. Much of this excess of DHT is due to conversion of testosterone into DHT directly in acne prone skin. This conversion is mediated by the enzyme 5-alpha reductase.

Follicular plugs consist of collections of sebum, keratinocytes, and keratin. They occlude the follicular orifice and prevent the further drainage of the contents of the follicle. The greater the quantity of sebum, the more likely that a follicular plug will form. The clogged follicle is known as a comedone. Sebum production into a comedone or clogged follicle, as well as the proliferation of Proprionibacterium acne, a bacteria which commonly colonizes hair follicles ultimately leads to the rupture of the wall of the comedone and allows the spilling of sebum and bacteria into the surrounding skin. Thus leads to the formation of inflammatory acne lesions.

Saw palmetto, (serenoa repens), is a small berry-bearing palm native to the southeast United States. Saw palmetto berry extract, (hereinafter referred to as SPBE) has been shown to block 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts the hormone testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. Once again, this is the major androgen implicated in stimulating sebum production. SPBE also blocks the binding of DHT to androgen receptors. Thus, in treating acne SPBE may act either by blocking the formation of DHT, by inhibiting binding of DHT to the androgen receptors, or both.

A need exists for a SPBE formulation and method for effectively treating acne. Especially needed is a SPBE topical formulation that offers efficacy and high penetration into hair follicles and sebaceous glands, while causing minimal irritation.

Acne Treatments

Current accepted acne therapies include both topical and systemic products. Topical products include:

(a) antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin and benzyl peroxide which disease the number of Proprionibasterium acnes in follicles,

(b) Keratinolytics such as salicylic acid and glycolic acid which help remove keratin from the surface of the skin and thereby prevent comedone formation, and

(c) comedolytics such tretinoin, adapalene and tazarotene which decrease keratinocyte proliferation at follicular openings and thereby also help prevent comedone formation.

Hirsutism

Hirsutism is the abnormal growth of large terminal hairs in women in androgen sensitive areas. Most often these areas include the mustache, beard and chin areas, as well as the pubic escutcheon and lower abdomen. Unwanted hair may also be present on the thighs and trunk as well. Terminal hair growth in these areas is usually due to excess androgenic stimulation of the hair follicles.

Idiopathic hirsutism is the most common type of hirsutism. It is felt to be due to increased conversion of testosterone into its more active form, dihydrotestosterone or DHT. This conversion occurs in peripheral tissues close to the hair follicles, and it is mediated by the enzyme 5 alpha reductase.

Hirsutism may also be caused by conditions in which an excess of androgens are synthesized by the ovaries, adrenal glands or tumors.

Treatment of hirsutism depends in part on its cause. A prudent search for a source of excess androgen production is important to rule out androgen secreting tumors, ovarian disease and other systemic hormonal abnormalities. In the setting of normal menstruation and normal hormone levels, therapy for idiopathic hirsutism can be instituted.

Readily available non-medical therapies for idiopathic hirsutism include the plucking of hairs, waxing, electrolysis, and depilatories. Medical therapies include various antiandrogenic agents—such as synthetic progestins, dexamethesone, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists, ketoconazole, spironolactone, oral contraceptives, and the antiandrogens cyproterone acetate and flutamide. The topical agent Vaniqa has also been used. However, unfortunately, none of the above therapies is free of undesirable side effects.

As noted previously, SPBE has been shown to block 5 alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone into dihyrotestosterone or DHT. Saw palmetto berry extract also blocks the binding of DHT to androgen receptors. Thus, in treating hirsutism, SPBE is an effective agent and may act either by blocking the formation of DHT, or by inhibiting binding of DHT to the androgen receptors, or both without undue side effects.

PRIOR ART

U.S. Pat. No. 6,039,950 presents an extensive disclosure for making pharmaceutical grade saw palmetto materials. The possible use of SPBE in oral compositions for treating acne and hirsuitism is noted as a possible future use. (col 7 line 66-col 8 line 3). No actual data is presented. Numerous possible uses for the medicament, Permixon, a purified form of SPPE, are suggested.

U.S. Pat. No. 6, 117,429 deals with reducing potential adverse effects of androgenic testosterone precursors by interfering with the production or the action of testosterone and estrogen metabolites by use of nutrient combinations. Such precursors enhance hormone responsive illness such as hirsuitism or acne in women as an undesirable side effect. Saw palmetto berry is listed as one of many natural agents which can be included in their compositions to prevent the side effects caused by testosterone precursors.

In both U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,039,950 and 6,117,429, the saw palmetto berry composition is taken orally rather than comprising a topical preparation pursuant to the present invention.

In U.S. Pat. No. Patent 6,225,299 Gibbs et al. describe the use of gestogen and dienogest as antiandrogens to decrease sebum production when used topically to control acne. They do not describe the use of SPBE nor do they incorporate any penetration-enhancing agents into their topical products. In fact the preparations they describe contain potentially comedogenic or acne causing substances such as peanut oil, castor oil, beeswax, hardwax, lanolin, and paraffin.

In U.S. Pat. No. 6,174,892. Gormley, et al. describe the treatment of acne with oral finasteride, a known 5 alpha reductase inhibitor. They do not discuss the use of SPBE.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides an improved preparation and a method for treating acne and hirsuitism. A topically applied SPBE formulation is hereby taught which offers efficacy and high penetration into the hair follicles and sebaceous glands while causing minimal irritation and side effects.

The preparation comprises an extract of saw palmetto berries containing phytosterols and one or more non-irritating compounds to enhance the penetration of the extract into the follicles and sebaceous glands. More specifically, the improved low irritability topical preparation comprises saw palmetto berry extract containing phytosterols and one or more penetration enhancing constituents selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinaldehyde, retinol, tazarotene, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, and glycolic acid. Preferably the penetration enhancing constituents consist of one member selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinaldeyde and retinol, and another member selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid and glycolic acid.

In another embodiment, the improved low irritability topical preparation comprises an active saw palmetto berry extract containing phytosterols, polyolprepolymer-2 and one or more penetration enhancing constituents selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinol, retinaldehyde, tazarotene, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, and glycolic acid. Preferably the penetration enhancing constituents consist of one member selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinoldehyde and retinol, and another member selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid and glycolic acid.

The preparations of the invention may include a vehicle suitable for topical application to the face and/or trunk in the form of a liquid, a gel, a foam, a cream, a lotion, a cleanser, or a pad dampened with a liquid.

The method for the prevention of acne or hirsuitism comprises applying to the affected areas a low irritability preparation comprising a combination of an effective amount of a saw palmetto berry extract containing phytosterols, and one or more penetration enhancing constituents selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinaldehyde, retinol, tazarotene, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, and glycolic acid. In another embodiment, the method comprises applying to affected areas a low irritability preparation comprising saw palmetto berry extract containing phytosterols, polyolprepolymer-2 and one or more penetration enhancing constituents selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinaldehyde, retinol, tazarotene, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, and glycolic acid.

The methods of applying the present SPBE compositions are critical and are described below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides low irritability topically applied formulations of SPBE offering enhanced effectiveness in treating and preventing acne and hirsuitism by their greater ability to penetrate the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the face and trunk. In addition, there is provided by the invention a method for controlling acne and hirsutism by application to the face, trunk and other affected areas of a preparation comprised of the improved formulations.

The method of application of the SPBE formulation is critical to the effectiveness of the invention. Important variables include the vehicle chosen, and the frequency and duration of application of the product.

This invention is described by a number of formulations and vehicles. Each vehicle is suited for use on a different type of skin. Alcohol based solutions and pads should be used on oily skin. They will help to remove unwanted excess oil from the skin without adding additional moisture. These would be well suited for use on the face of persons with acne or a combination of acne and hirsutism. In contrast, a lotion or cream should be used on dry or less oily skin. These vehicles will serve to moisturize the skin and protect it from irritation. Gels are perhaps most suitable for oily skin, but are reasonable to use on all skin types. They are also ideal to use over large hair bearing areas as they rub in well. Gels are particularly appropriate for use on acne prone chests, shoulders and upper backs. Similarly, foams which volatilize easily are excellent to use on large hair bearing areas.

Initially, all product formulations should be applied once daily. After two weeks, in the absence of allergy or irritation, the frequency of application should be increased to twice daily. All formulations should be applied after washing with a mild soap, but before the use of moisturizers, sunscreens or makeups.

Improvement should be noted in the treatment of facial acne within approximately one month. Additional improvement should continue for four or more months. Responses on the trunk may take longer because of thicker skin in these areas and slower penetration of the products into hair follicles.

Responses in hirsutism will be slower than in acne because of the growth pattern of hairs. Only after the large unwanted terminal hairs that characterize hirsutism have completed their growth cycle and fallen out, will meaningful improvement be seen. These large hairs will then be replaced by tiny, light, barely visible vellus hairs. Such improvement should be noted after four to six months.

Once a steady state has been readied and no additional improvements is noted in the acne or hirsutism, application of the invention can be decreased to once daily. This should occur after approximately four months in the case of acne and six to eight months in the treatment of hirsutism. In some instances, every other day therapy may prove adequate for a maintenance regimen.

This invention describes SPBE in conjunction with several penetration enhancing agents. Thus, using this invention will not only increase the penetration of SPBE into hair follicles, but it will increase the penetration of other topically applied agents as well. This should increase the effectiveness of these agents. It is critical that the invention be applied appropriately with respect to these other agents so as to maximize the effectiveness of all products used.

Topical medication for the treatment of acne include washes, pads, solutions, gels, lotions and creams. There is currently only one prescription provided for the treatment of hirsutism. It is known as Vaniqa, and it is a cream. None of these approved treatments acts by interfering with the conversion of testosterone to DHT nor with the binding of DHT to androgen receptors. All of these medications should therefore work synergistically with the invention.

When used in a cream or lotion vehicle, this invention should be applied after the use of a wash, pad, solution or gel formulation of a different type of product.

When used as a gel or foam, it should be applied after washes, pads or solutions of another type-of product, and before any other creams or lotions.

When used as a solution, the SPBE product should be used after washes or pads of another product, but before any other gels, lotions or creams.

SPBE pads should be used before solutions, gels, lotions or creams of another product. The pads, however, should not be used for a minimum of one hour after a wash or a pad formulation of another product has been used. Doing so may remove some of the active ingredient of that other product from the skin.

When used in a vehicle similar to the vehicle of another product, the SPBE product can be used before, with, or after that other product.

The following table describes when to apply the present invention in relation to other medicated skin products, eg. before or after

Application Order Relative to Unrelated Medicated Product Vehicle

Methods of
Applying
SPBE Vehicle	wash	pad	Solution	gel	lotion/cream

pad			Before	before	before
solution	after	after	no	before	before
			preference
gel	after	after	After	no preference	before
foam	after	after	After	no preference	before
lotion/cream	after	after	After	after	no
					preference

By way of summary, all product formulations are applied at least once daily after washing with mild soap, but before use of moisturizers, sunscreens or makeup. In the absence of allergy or irritation, the frequency of application is increased to twice daily. Improvement in facial acne typically occurs in one month. Improvement may continue for four or more months.

Amount Needed/application

A minimum concentration of purified SPBE of approximately 0.5 weight percent in the preparation is applied to the skin. This could be created, for example, by mixing 0.5 grams of 85%-95% purified SPBE as manufactured by the Saw Palmetto Harvesting Company in Frostproof, Fla., with 99.5 grams of vehicle. Preferably, the concentration of SPBE should be 1.0 weight percent or higher. Most preferably, the concentration of SPBE should be 2.0 weight percent or higher.

In order to treat an area the size of a typical face, approximately 1 cc to 2 cc of solution or lotion, and 1 to 2 grams of gel or cream are required per application.

Response in treating hirsutism is slower and may require four to six months of treatment.

In both cases once a steady state has been reached and no further improvement is noted, application of the present composition may be reduced to once daily. Typically this is four months in the case of acne and six to eight months in the treatment of hirsutism.

The SPBE constituent of the preparation of the invention may be obtained from a number of commercial sources. Satisfactory non-irritating SPBEs include Permixon® from P.F. Medicaments, Paris, France, SPBE from McZand Herbal Inc., Santa Monica, Calif., and others.

In a preferred embodiment of the preparation of the present invention, the SPBE constituent is the alcohol soluble material sold by Saw Palmetto Harvesting Company, Frostproof Fla. This SPBE is non-irritating when applied to the scalp. Typically, it has the following major components and concentrations:



	Phytosterols
	capesterol	about 0.01 to about 0.1 wt. wt. %
	beta-sitosterol	about 0.1 to about 0.4 wt. %
	stimasterol	about 0.01 to about 0.1 wt. %
	Total sterols	greater than about 0.15 wt. %
	Fatty Acids
	caprylic	about 1.0 to about 3.0 wt. %
	capric	about 1.0 to about 3.0 wt. %
	lauric	about 25 to about 32 wt. %
	cis-linoleic	about 3.0 to about 5.0 wt. %
	linolenic	about 0.5 to about 1.5 wt. %
	myristic	about 10 to about 15 wt. %
	oleic	about 26 to about 35 wt. %
	palmitic	about 7 to about 11 wt. %
	stearic	about 1.0 to about 2.0 wt. %

Other phytosterols, other fatty acids and other minor components may also be present without effecting the utility of the SPBE. The phytosterols are believed to be the active agents in the SPBE.

In another embodiment of the preparation of the present invention, all or a portion of the fatty acids have been removed from the above composition by further purification, as for example by extraction with aqueous alkaline solution. In this embodiment, the phytosterol composition of the SPBE is as follows:

\begin{matrix} \underline{Phytosterols} \\ capesterol & greater than about 0.02 wt . % \\ beta-sitosterol & greater than about 0.2 wt . % \\ stimasterol & greater than about 0.02 wt . % \\ Total sterols & greater than about 0.3 wt . % \end{matrix}

The preparation of the invention comprises the SPBE and one or more penetration enhancing constituents selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinol, retinaldehyde, tazarotene, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, and glycolic acid. In another embodiment, the preparation of the invention comprises the SPBE, polyolprepolymer-2 and one or more penetration enhancing constituents selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinol, retinaldehyde, tazarotene, salicylic acid, azelaic acid, and glycolic acid.

Adapalene is a synthetic retinoid manufactured by Galderma having the following structural formula:

A research article by B. Shroot, “Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Topical Adapalene”, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, S17-S24, (1998) has shown that adapalene has several useful properties. First, adapalene has significant comedolytic activity, i.e., it opened comedones or clogged pores. In the preparation of the invention, adapalene acts to enhance the effectiveness of the SPBE. Second, a 0.1 wt. % adapalene gel had a low irritative potential only slightly greater than petroleum jelly used as a control. Third, adapalene has anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. Each of these documented properties provides superiority to the preparations of the invention over the SPBE formulations of the prior art. Lastly, as adapalene is a retinoid, it may be expected to have direct benefits on stimulating hair regrowth.

Adapalene is present in a preparation of the invention in a concentration from about 0.01 wt. % to about 1wt. %. Preferably, the adapalene concentration is from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %. Most preferably, the adapalene concentration is about 0.1 wt. %.

Tazarotene is a retinoid having the following structural formula:

Pharmacologically, tazarotene normalizes keratinocyte differentiation and minimizes proliferation of keratinocytes. These actions serve to inhibit microcomedo formation and prevent follicular plugging. Tazarotene also decreases epidermal inflammation and has been shown to down-regulate biochemical markers of inflammation. In the preparation of the invention, tazarotene acts to enhance the effectiveness of the SPBE.

Tazarotene is present in a preparation of the invention in a concentration from about 0.01 wt. % to about 1 wt. %. Preferably, the tazarotene concentration is from about 0.02 wt. % to about 0.2 wt. %. Most preferably, the tazarotene concentration is about 0.05 to 0.1 wt. %.

Tretinoin has been used in acne therapy. Tretinoin is all-trans retinoic acid, also known as (all E) 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cylclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8,-nonatetraenoic acid having the following structural formula:

Tretinoin inhibits comedo formation and enhances comedolysis. Thus, it acts to prevent pores from becoming clogged and enhances removal of debris from clogged pores. There is also evidence that tretinoin itself increases hair growth factors. While tretinoin has an irritating potential, it has been found that a 0.025 wt. % tretinoin cream is equivalent in irritation to a 0.1 wt. % adapalene gel. Additionally, a new form of topical tretinoin, RETIN-A MICRO®, has become available from Ortho Dermatological, Raritan N. J. in which 0.1 wt. % of tretinoin is entrapped in a microscopic particle termed a “microsponge”. This particle localizes to the follicle after topical application and then releases tretinoin. The slow release minimizes irritation. By virtue of their increased effectiveness and low irritation potential, a preparation of the invention containing tretinoin in the form of gel microsponges is superior to SPBE preparations of the prior art. Tretinoin is present in a preparation of the invention in a concentration from about 0.005 wt. % to about 0.2 wt. %. Preferably tretinoin concentration is from about 0.025 wt. % to about 0.1 wt. %.

Retinaldehyde is the aldehyde analog of retinoic acid having a terminal aldehyde group in place of the carboxyl group of retinoic acid. It has been shown by J. W. Fluhr et al, Dermatology, 199, Suppl 1( ):57-60 (1999) that retinaldehyde is significantly less irritating than retinoic acid (tretinoin). It is expected to be equally as effective in increasing the absorption of SPBE as is tretinoin. Incorporation of retinaldehyde in the SPBE preparations of the invention provides superior effectiveness and lower irritation potential of these preparations over the SPBE formulations of the prior art. Retinaldehyde is present in a preparation of the invention in a concentration from about 0.01 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %. Preferably the retinaldehyde concentration is from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %. Most preferably, the retinaldehyde concentration is about 0.1 wt. %.

All trans retinol, or retinol, is a component of numerous over-the-counter skin care products. Like tretinoin, or all trans retinoic acid, topical retinol increases the expression of retinoic acid binding proteins on keratinocytes. It also stimulates hyperplasia of healthy epidermal tissue much the way tretinoin does. Some in fact hypothesize that retinol is a precursor of tretinoin. Further, retinol has been shown to cause less cutaneous irritation than tretinoin. In this invention, retinol is used to enhance the penetration of SPBE into follicle and sebaceous glands. Retinol is present in the invention in a concentration from about 0.01 wt % to 2.0 wt %. Preferably, the concentration is between 0.5% wt % and 1.5 wt %. Most preferably, the concentration is 1.0 wt %.

Azelaic acid, also known as 1,7 heptanedicarboxylic acid has the formula:

HOOC—(CH₂₎)₇——COOH

This agent has been shown to have antibacterial, antikeratinizing and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, its use leads to a reduction in thickness of the strateum corneum or top layers of the skin, while preventing the formation of microcomedones or plugged follicles. These effects allow for increased penetration of SPBE into follicles while causing little, if any irritation. Azeleic acid has been shown to cause less irritation than tretinoin. Incorporation of azeleic acid in the SPBE preparations of the invention provides superior effectiveness and lower irritation potential of these preparations over the SPBE formulations of the prior art.

Azeleic acid is present in a preparation of the invention in a concentration from about 0.1 wt. % to about 40 wt. %. Preferably, the azeleic acid concentration is about 20 wt. %.

Alpha hydroxy acids have been shown to exfoliate the stratum corneum. In the present compositions, alpha hydroxy acids act to enhance the effectiveness of SPBE by increasing its penetration into the skin. Glycolic acid, a naturally occurring αalpha hydroxy acid, has the formula: HO—CH ₂—COOH. Glycolic acid, or another alpha hydroxy acid, could be incorporated into the preparations of the invention. Glycolic acid is present in the present preparations in a concentration from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. %. Preferably, the glycolic acid concentration is from about 0.5 wt. % to about 10 wt. %. Most preferably, the glycolic acid concentration is about 5 wt. %.

It has been shown by M. C. Spellman et al, Clinical Therapy, 20(4), 711-721 (1998) that a combination of azelaic acid and glycolic acid was less irritating than tretinoin and equally as effective in treating facial acne. As both azeleic acid and glycolic acid lead to a reduction in the thickness of the stratum corneum, and both have anti-inflammatory properties, this combination increases the absorption of topically applied SPBE while causing less irritation than the prior art. Incorporation of azelaic acid and glycolic acid in the SPBE preparations of the invention provides superiority of these preparations over the SPBE formulations of the prior art.

Azelaic and glycolic acids are present in a preparation of the invention in relative proportions ranging from about 10:90 azelaic:glycolic to about 90:10 azelaic:glycolic. The total concentration of azelaic plus glycolic acids in a preparation of the invention is from about 0.1 wt. % to about 40 wt. %. Preferably, the azelaic plus glycolic acid concentration is about 20 wt %.

Salicylic acid (2-hydroxy benzoic acid) is a beta hydroxy acid having the formula:

OH—C₆H₄—COOH

Beta hydroxy acids are used topically in Salicylic acid, in numerous products to reduce scaling. A beta hydroxy acid, is well known as a keratolytic and has been used in combination with glycolic acid to aid in comedolysis or the opening of clogged follicles. It increases the penetration of SPBE into follicles and has a low irritancy potential. Incorporation of beta hydroxy acids, in general, and particular salicylic acid in the SPBE preparations of the invention provides superiority of these preparations over the SPBE formulations of the prior art.

Salicyclic acid or other beta hydroxy acid are presented in the instant preparations in a concentration from about 0.1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %. Preferably, the salicyclic acid concentration is between about 1% wt. % and 3 wt %.

Polyolprepolymer-2 is a urethane compound of molecular weight up to about 200,000 prepared by reacting approximately two moles of a hydroxy terminated linear alkylene or polyalkylene glycol or polyether with approximately one mole of a monomeric organic diisocyanate as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,700,483 herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Preferably, polyolprepolymer-2 is of average molecular weight of about 4000 and is prepared by reacting about one mole of dicyclohexylmethanediisocyanate with about two moles of propylene glycol 725.

Incorporation of polyolprepolymer-2 in a topical formulation has been shown to have the characteristic of moderating the rate of transmission of a retinoid to the skin. Specifically, it has been shown that formulations incorporating tretinoin and polyolprepolymer-2 are significantly less irritating and yet therapeutically equally as effective compared to formulations identical except for the absence of the polyolprepolymer-2. When polyolprepolymer-2 is present in a preparation of the invention, tretinoin need not be in the form of gel microsponges. Incorporation of the polyolprepolymer-2 in the SPBE preparations of the invention provides superiority of these preparations over the SPBE formulations of the prior art. The polyolprepolymer-2 is present in a preparation of the invention in a concentration from about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %. Preferably, the polyolprepolymer-2 is present in a concentration from about 2 wt % to about 15 wt %.

The preparations of the invention may include a vehicle for the application to the scalp in the form of a liquid, a gel, a foam, a cleanser or a pad dampened with a liquid. Preferably the SPBE preparations of the invention are employed as a liquid or a gel. Most preferred is a gel.

The formulation of all such topical vehicles is well known to those skilled in the art. A suitable topical vehicle for formulation of the SPBE preparation as a liquid includes ethanol, isopropanol, their mixtures in all proportions. To prepare a liquid preparation of the invention, the SPBE and the penetration enhancing constituents are dissolved or dispersed in the alcohol constituents with agitation. Elevated temperatures may be used to facilitate the dispersion process.

An example of a suitable topical vehicle for formulation of the SPBE preparation as a gel is:



	Component	wt %

	hydroxypropylcellulose	2.1
	70/30 isopropyl alcohol/water	90.9
	propylene glycol	5.1
	Polysorbate 80	1.9

To prepare a gel preparation of the invention, the 70% isopropanol and the propylene glycol are first combined. The SPBE and the penetration enhancing constituents are dispersed in the alcohols with agitation. The hydroxypropylcellulose and the Polysorbate 80 are then incorporated with mixing until a gel results.

An example of a suitable topical vehicle formulation for formulation of the SPBE preparation as a foam is:



	Component	wt %

	cetyl alcohol	1.1
	stearyl alcohol	0.5
	Quaternium 52 (52%)	1.0
	propylene glycol	2.0
	Ethanol 95 PGF3	61.05
	deionized water	30.05
	P75 hydrocarbon propellant	4.30

To prepare a foam preparation of the invention, the SPBE and the penetration enhancing constituents are first dispersed in the ethanol at elevated temperature. The cetyl and stearyl alcohols are added to the heated dispersion and mixed until dissolved. The Quaternium 52, the propylene glycol and water are added and stirred until homogeneous while maintaining elevated temperature. The mixture is cooled and dispensed into an aerosol can. A valve is fitted to the can and the can is then charged with the propellant.

The mode of use of a SPBE preparation of the invention is application of 1 cc of the preparation to the affected area of face twice a day for a period of four months. Two cc of the preparation are needed for large areas of the trunk. The preparation should be massaged into the skin or allowed to dry on the skin and remain in place for at least four hours before washing, rinsing or showering. After the four month initial period, a sustaining application of 1 cc once a day is used.

The following examples are presented to provide a more complete understanding of the invention. The specific techniques, conditions, materials, and proportions set forth to illustrate the principles and practice of the invention are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES

Examples 1-14

Tables I and II below provide examples of preparations of the invention. The SPBE in this table is provided by Saw Palmetto Harvesting Company, Frostproof, Fla. and has a phytosterol concentration of 0.16 wt. %. The topical vehicle may be chosen appropriate to the use of the preparation as a liquid gel, a foam, a cleanser, or a pad dampened with a liquid. All percentages are by weight.

TABLE I


Constituent - %	Ex. 1	Ex. 2	Ex. 3	Ex. 4	Ex. 5	Ex. 6	Ex. 7	Ex. 8

SPBE	31.25	40.0	60.0	80.0	31.25	31.25	31.25	31.25
Adapalene	0.1	—	—	—	—	—		—
glycolic acid	—	5.0	—	—	—	—		—
tretinoin gel or	—	—	0.025	—	—	—		—
tretinoin gel
micro-sponges
Retinaldehyde	—	—	—	0.1	—	—		—
azelaic acid	—	—	—	—	20	—		—
tazarotene,	—	—	—	—	—	0.1		—
salicylic acid,	—	—	—	—	—	—	2.0
retinol								1.0
Topical	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B
Vehicle

TABLE II


Constituent - %	Ex. 9	Ex. 10	Ex. 11	Ex. 12	Ex. 13	Ex. 14	Ex. 15	Ex. 16

SPBE	31.25	31.25	31.25	31.25	31.25	31.25	31.25	31.25
Adapalene	0.05	0.05	—		—	—
glycolic acid	5.0	—	1.0	5.0	—	5.0	5.0	2.0
tretinoin	—	—	0.025		0.1	—	0.05
Retinaldehyde	—		—	0.1	—	—
azelaic acid	—	—	—	15	10	—
Tazarotene	—	—	—	—	—	0.1
salicylic acid	—	2.0	—	—	—	—
polyolprepolymer-2	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
retinol								1.0
Topical Vehicle	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B

B Stands for Balance of the Composition [0086]

Examples 15-21

Table III below provides examples of preparations of the invention. The SPBE in this table has been purified from the SPBE provided by Saw Palmetto Harvesting Company, Frostproof, Fla. by extraction with an aqueous alkaline solution and has a phytosterol concentration of 0.5 wt %. The topical vehicle may be chosen appropriate to the use of the preparation as a liquid, a gel, a foam, a wash or a pad dampened with a liquid. All percentages are by weight.

TABLE III


Constituent - %	Ex. 17	Ex. 18	Ex. 19	Ex. 20	Ex. 21	Ex. 22	Ex. 23	Ex. 24

SPBE	15.0	20.0	30.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
Adapalene	0.05	0.05	—		—	—
glycolic acid	5.0	—	1.0	5.0	—	5.0	5.0	2.0
Tretinoin	—	—	0.025			—	0.05	—
retinaldehyde	—		—		.1	—		—
retinol								1.0
azelaic acid	—	—	—	15	10	—		—
Tazarotene	—	—	—	—	—	0.1		—
salicylic acid	—	2.0	—	—	—	—		—
polyolprepolymer-2	10	10	10	10	10	10		10
Topical Vehicle	B	B	B	B	B	B		B

B Stands for Balance of the Composition [0088]
Various modifications may be made to the present invention, such as the use of the penetrating enhancing agents incorporated in the SPBE compositions. [0089]
The scope of the present invention is set forth in the following claims. [0090]

Claims

1. A method for the treatment of acne or hirsutism comprising topically applying to the affected area an effective amount of saw palmetto berry extract.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said saw palmetto berry extract is applied as a composition containing one or more penetrating enhancing agents.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said penetrating enhancing constituents are selected from the group consisting of adalpalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinaldehyde, retinol, tazarotene, beta hydroxy acids, azelaic acid, and alpha hydroxy acids.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said saw palmetto berry extract comprises at least 0.5 wt. % of the topically applied composition.

5. A method for the treatment of acne or hirsutism comprising:

(a) washing the affected area with a mild soap,

(b) applying to the affected area a topical preparation comprising an effective amount of saw palmetto berry extract containing one or more penetrating enhancing constituents;

(c) and increasing the frequency of said application if no allergy irritation occurs.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said topical preparation is applied once daily and thereafter increased to twice daily if no allergy or irritation occurs.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein once a steady state condition has been reached, the frequency of topical application of said composition is reduced to once daily.

8. The method of claim 1, which is employed for the treatment of acne wherein improvement is noted within approximately one month of treatment.

9. The method of claim 5, wherein the present topical preparation is applied after mild soap, but before application of moisturizer, sunscreen or makeup.

10. A low irritability topical preparation for the treatment of acne and/or hirsutism comprising an effective amount of saw palmetto berry extract containing phytosterols and one or more penetration enhancing constituents selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, retinaldehyde, retinol, tazarotene, beta hydroxy acids, azelaic acid, and alpha hydroxy acids.

11. The topical preparation of claim, 10, wherein the penetration enhancing constituents of a first member selected from the group consisting of adapalene, tretinoin, tretinoin gel microsponges, and a second member selected from the group consisting of beta hydroxy acid and alpha hydroxy acids.

12. The topical preparation of claim 10, wherein the alpha hydroxy acid is glycolic acid.

13. The topical preparation of claim 10, wherein the beta hydroxy acid is salicylic acid.

14. The topical preparation of claim 10, wherein the concentration of saw palmetto berry extract is at least 0.5 wt. %.

15. A topical preparation of claim 10, wherein the preparation is in a topical vehicle selected from the group consisting of a liquid, a dampened pad, a lotion or cream.