US20030079717A1 - Injector tip for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Injector tip for an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030079717A1 US20030079717A1 US10/021,356 US2135601A US2003079717A1 US 20030079717 A1 US20030079717 A1 US 20030079717A1 US 2135601 A US2135601 A US 2135601A US 2003079717 A1 US2003079717 A1 US 2003079717A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- nozzle tip
- longitudinal axis
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
- F02M61/1813—Discharge orifices having different orientations with respect to valve member direction of movement, e.g. orientations being such that fuel jets emerging from discharge orifices collide with each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/12—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with compression ignition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to an nozzle and more specifically to a nozzle tip for a fuel injector used with the internal combustion engine.
- a nozzle tip for a fuel injector in a typical modern diesel engine includes an end portion, the end portion includes a plurality of nozzle openings. High pressure fuel is forced into the end portion and sprayed into the combustion chamber as the piston nears top dead center. The nozzle openings are oriented to spray fuel at an angle of 60 to 80 degrees from a longitudinal axis of the injector.
- HCCI Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
- the present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the above identified problems.
- a nozzle tip for a fuel injector includes a longitudinal axis.
- the nozzle tip includes the end portion having a inner surface and a outer surface.
- a plurality of nozzle openings are disposed through said end portion and have a central axis. Each of the nozzle openings at an angle between the central axis and longitudinal axis of between 5 and 10 degrees.
- FIG. 1 is a partial sectional illustration of an engine having a fuel injector embodying one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial section illustration of the nozzle assembly of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional illustration of the nozzle tip of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial sectional illustration of a nozzle tip embodying another aspect of the present invention.
- an engine 10 includes a block 12 having a plurality of cylinders 14 therein, of which only one is shown, and a cylinder head 16 includes and exhaust passage 18 and an intake passage 22 .
- An intake valve 24 is interposed the intake passage 22 and the cylinder 14 .
- An exhaust valve 26 is interposed the exhaust passage 18 and the cylinder 14 .
- a fuel injector 28 having a body 30 , a nozzle assembly 32 , and a end portion 33 is additionally positioned within the cylinder head 16 .
- the fuel injector 28 is substantially of conventional construction, such as the type use with a hydraulically actuated electronically controlled unit injector system
- the fuel injector 28 includes a body 30 having a longitudinal axis 34 , an upper end 36 and a lower end 38 .
- An electronically actuated solenoid 42 is removably attached to the upper end 36 .
- a nozzle assembly 44 is removably attached to the lower end 38 .
- the nozzle assembly 32 includes an attachment portion 33 and a nozzle tip 60 .
- the attachment portion 33 is a substantially cylindrical member having an inner wall 48 , an outer wall 50 , a first end 52 and a second end 56 .
- the first end 52 is generally opened and adapted to engage the lower end 38 of the injector body 30 .
- the second end 56 is partially closed and defines an opening 58 that is adapted to receive a nozzle tip 60 in a conventional manner.
- the nozzle tip 60 is a substantially cylindrical member having a first end 62 , a second end 64 , an outer surface 66 and an inner bore 68 .
- the inner bore 68 extends from the first end 62 toward the second end 64 .
- a seat 69 is defined within the inner bore 68 , preferably near the second end 64 .
- the inner bore 68 is adapted to receive a needle valve 70 .
- the needle valve 70 is moveable between a first and second position.
- the needle valve 70 includes a needle seat 71 that is adapted to engage the seat when in the first position.
- the outer surface 66 defines a shoulder portion 72 toward the first end 62 and a shank portion 74 interposed the shoulder portion 72 and the second end 64 .
- the second end 64 of the nozzle tip 60 includes the end portion 76 having an inner surface 78 and an outer surface 80 .
- a plurality of nozzle openings 86 extend through the end portion 76 and open at the inner surface 78 and the outer surface 80 .
- the nozzle openings 34 may be disposed about the longitudinal axis 34 .
- FIG. 3 an embodiment of a end portion 76 of the present invention is shown.
- the inner surface 78 and outer surface 80 form a cylindrical portion 91 that is defined about the longitudinal axis 34 of the fuel injector 28 .
- the cylindrical portion 91 includes the end portion 76 and joins the inner bore 68 of the nozzle tip 60 opposite the end portion 76 .
- the end portion 76 forms a substantially large radius on the inner surface 78 and the outer surface 80 .
- the inner surface 78 and the outer surface 80 are spaced a predetermined distance from one and other.
- the nozzle openings 86 may be disposed evenly about longitudinal axis 34 .
- Each nozzle opening 86 includes a central axis 98 and a inside wall 100 .
- An intersection 99 is formed by the longitudinal axis 34 and the central axis 98 of each nozzle opening 90 .
- An angle ⁇ is defined between the longitudinal axis 34 and the central axis 98 .
- the angle ⁇ is preferably between 5 and 10 degrees.
- the nozzle openings 86 and each of the inner surface 78 and the outer surface 80 are substantially perpendicular to one and other.
- a radius 102 may additionally be formed at the intersection of the nozzle opening 86 and the inner surface 78 .
- FIG. 4 another embodiment of a end portion 76 ′ is shown.
- the end portion 33 ′ joins the inner bore 68 of the nozzle tip 60 opposite the end portion 76 ′.
- the end portion 76 ′ forms a large radius on the outer surface 80 ′.
- a conical portion 106 is defined about the longitudinal axis 34 on the inner surface 78 ′.
- the nozzle openings 86 are disposed about longitudinal axis 34 .
- Each nozzle opening 86 includes a central axis 98 and a inside wall 100 .
- the central axis 98 of each nozzle opening 86 is substantially perpendicular to the conical portion 106 .
- An intersection 99 ′ is formed by the longitudinal axis 34 and the central axis 98 of each nozzle opening 86 .
- An angle ⁇ ′ is defined between the longitudinal axis 34 and the central axis 98 .
- the angle ⁇ ′ is preferably between 5 and 10 degrees.
- An angle ⁇ is defined between the longitudinal axis 34 and the conical portion 106 .
- Angle ⁇ is preferably between 100 and 110 degrees.
- a radius 102 may additionally be provided at the intersection of the inside wall 100 and the inner surface 86 ′.
- a fuel injector 28 facilitates HCCI combustion by directing early injection of fuel into the cylinders 14 at a desired angle and pattern.
- the fuel is sprayed in a substantially downward direction, toward the piston, as the piston is moving toward the cylinder head 16 .
- the early injection allows a more thorough mixing of fuel and air because of a larger mixing area and more time before combustion.
- the more thoroughly mixed fuel and air mixture facilitates combustion at multiple sites in the cylinder 14 simultaneously resulting in more complete combustion and a reduction in NOx production.
- the geometric design of the end portion 92 of and the orientation of the nozzles 90 directs a fuel spray in a substantially downward direction and appropriate pattern, preventing the fuel from clinging to the cylinder walls and promoting mixing of air and fuel. Additionally, the orientation of the nozzles 90 reduces the concentration of stresses in the end portion 76 ′, increasing the fatigue life of the nozzle tip 60 .
Abstract
Description
- [0001] This invention was made with Government support under DOE Contract No. DE-FC05-970R22605 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights to this invention.
- This invention relates generally to an nozzle and more specifically to a nozzle tip for a fuel injector used with the internal combustion engine.
- Manufacturers of internal combustion engines are continuously attempting to improve on the efficiency and emissions output of internal combustion engines. In diesel engines, a large amount of research has been done to reduce NOx output of an engine, through the use of improved fuel injectors and injection timing. Typically, combustion takes place over approximately 40 to 50 degrees of crankshaft rotation. A nozzle tip for a fuel injector in a typical modern diesel engine includes an end portion, the end portion includes a plurality of nozzle openings. High pressure fuel is forced into the end portion and sprayed into the combustion chamber as the piston nears top dead center. The nozzle openings are oriented to spray fuel at an angle of 60 to 80 degrees from a longitudinal axis of the injector.
- Research has revealed that NOx emissions can be greatly reduced at partial load through a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI). This is accomplished by injecting fuel into the cylinder at a much earlier stage in the combustion cycle. In this case, earlier, refers to the piston being farther from the cylinder head during the compression stroke of the engine, as the piston moves toward the cylinder head. The early injection permits fuel and air to more thoroughly mix, because in part there is a larger area between the top of the piston and the cylinder head. Having fuel and air more thoroughly mixed creates more complete combustion.
- Using a conventional injector tip configuration to achieve Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition operation of an internal combustion engine results in fuel being sprayed in an undesirable pattern causing inadequate mixing. For example fuel may cling to the cylinder walls and other surfaces and not properly mix with air. This is because of the direction of the nozzle openings is toward the cylinder walls and the piston is so far from the fuel injector. By changing the angle of the nozzles in relation to the longitudinal axis, fuel can be directed toward the top surface of the piston. Changing the angle of the nozzle openings creates a new problem, fatigue life of the nozzle cavity at the entrance of the nozzle opening may be reduced using conventional tip geometry.
- The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the above identified problems.
- In a one aspect of the present invention, a nozzle tip for a fuel injector is provided. The fuel injector includes a longitudinal axis. The nozzle tip includes the end portion having a inner surface and a outer surface. A plurality of nozzle openings are disposed through said end portion and have a central axis. Each of the nozzle openings at an angle between the central axis and longitudinal axis of between 5 and 10 degrees.
- FIG. 1 is a partial sectional illustration of an engine having a fuel injector embodying one aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial section illustration of the nozzle assembly of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional illustration of the nozzle tip of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial sectional illustration of a nozzle tip embodying another aspect of the present invention.
- Referring to FIG. 1 an
engine 10 includes ablock 12 having a plurality ofcylinders 14 therein, of which only one is shown, and acylinder head 16 includes andexhaust passage 18 and an intake passage 22. An intake valve 24 is interposed the intake passage 22 and thecylinder 14. Anexhaust valve 26 is interposed theexhaust passage 18 and thecylinder 14. Afuel injector 28 having a body 30, a nozzle assembly 32, and aend portion 33 is additionally positioned within thecylinder head 16. Thefuel injector 28 is substantially of conventional construction, such as the type use with a hydraulically actuated electronically controlled unit injector system - The
fuel injector 28 includes a body 30 having alongitudinal axis 34, anupper end 36 and alower end 38. An electronically actuatedsolenoid 42 is removably attached to theupper end 36. A nozzle assembly 44 is removably attached to thelower end 38. - Referring now to FIG. 2, the nozzle assembly32 includes an
attachment portion 33 and anozzle tip 60. Theattachment portion 33 is a substantially cylindrical member having aninner wall 48, anouter wall 50, afirst end 52 and asecond end 56. Thefirst end 52 is generally opened and adapted to engage thelower end 38 of the injector body 30. Thesecond end 56 is partially closed and defines anopening 58 that is adapted to receive anozzle tip 60 in a conventional manner. - The
nozzle tip 60 is a substantially cylindrical member having a first end 62, asecond end 64, an outer surface 66 and aninner bore 68. Theinner bore 68 extends from the first end 62 toward thesecond end 64. Aseat 69 is defined within theinner bore 68, preferably near thesecond end 64. Theinner bore 68 is adapted to receive aneedle valve 70. Theneedle valve 70 is moveable between a first and second position. Theneedle valve 70 includes a needle seat 71 that is adapted to engage the seat when in the first position. The outer surface 66 defines ashoulder portion 72 toward the first end 62 and ashank portion 74 interposed theshoulder portion 72 and thesecond end 64. Thesecond end 64 of thenozzle tip 60 includes theend portion 76 having aninner surface 78 and anouter surface 80. A plurality ofnozzle openings 86 extend through theend portion 76 and open at theinner surface 78 and theouter surface 80. Thenozzle openings 34 may be disposed about thelongitudinal axis 34. - Referring to FIG. 3, an embodiment of a
end portion 76 of the present invention is shown. Theinner surface 78 andouter surface 80 form a cylindrical portion 91 that is defined about thelongitudinal axis 34 of thefuel injector 28. The cylindrical portion 91 includes theend portion 76 and joins theinner bore 68 of thenozzle tip 60 opposite theend portion 76. Theend portion 76 forms a substantially large radius on theinner surface 78 and theouter surface 80. Theinner surface 78 and theouter surface 80 are spaced a predetermined distance from one and other. Thenozzle openings 86 may be disposed evenly aboutlongitudinal axis 34. Eachnozzle opening 86 includes acentral axis 98 and ainside wall 100. Anintersection 99 is formed by thelongitudinal axis 34 and thecentral axis 98 of each nozzle opening 90. An angle α is defined between thelongitudinal axis 34 and thecentral axis 98. The angle α is preferably between 5 and 10 degrees. Thenozzle openings 86 and each of theinner surface 78 and theouter surface 80 are substantially perpendicular to one and other. A radius 102 may additionally be formed at the intersection of thenozzle opening 86 and theinner surface 78. - Referring to FIG. 4, another embodiment of a
end portion 76′ is shown. Theend portion 33′ joins theinner bore 68 of thenozzle tip 60 opposite theend portion 76′. Theend portion 76′ forms a large radius on theouter surface 80′. Aconical portion 106 is defined about thelongitudinal axis 34 on theinner surface 78′. Thenozzle openings 86 are disposed aboutlongitudinal axis 34. Eachnozzle opening 86 includes acentral axis 98 and ainside wall 100. Thecentral axis 98 of eachnozzle opening 86 is substantially perpendicular to theconical portion 106. Anintersection 99′ is formed by thelongitudinal axis 34 and thecentral axis 98 of eachnozzle opening 86. An angle α′ is defined between thelongitudinal axis 34 and thecentral axis 98. The angle α′ is preferably between 5 and 10 degrees. An angle β is defined between thelongitudinal axis 34 and theconical portion 106. Angle β is preferably between 100 and 110 degrees. A radius 102 may additionally be provided at the intersection of theinside wall 100 and theinner surface 86′. - In operation, a
fuel injector 28 facilitates HCCI combustion by directing early injection of fuel into thecylinders 14 at a desired angle and pattern. The fuel is sprayed in a substantially downward direction, toward the piston, as the piston is moving toward thecylinder head 16. The early injection allows a more thorough mixing of fuel and air because of a larger mixing area and more time before combustion. The more thoroughly mixed fuel and air mixture facilitates combustion at multiple sites in thecylinder 14 simultaneously resulting in more complete combustion and a reduction in NOx production. - The geometric design of the end portion92 of and the orientation of the nozzles 90 directs a fuel spray in a substantially downward direction and appropriate pattern, preventing the fuel from clinging to the cylinder walls and promoting mixing of air and fuel. Additionally, the orientation of the nozzles 90 reduces the concentration of stresses in the
end portion 76′, increasing the fatigue life of thenozzle tip 60.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/021,356 US6564772B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Injector tip for an internal combustion engine |
DE10233183A DE10233183A1 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2002-07-22 | Injector tip for an internal combustion engine |
JP2002249722A JP2003148282A (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2002-08-28 | Injector tip for internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/021,356 US6564772B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Injector tip for an internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20030079717A1 true US20030079717A1 (en) | 2003-05-01 |
US6564772B1 US6564772B1 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
Family
ID=21803740
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/021,356 Expired - Lifetime US6564772B1 (en) | 2001-10-30 | 2001-10-30 | Injector tip for an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6564772B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003148282A (en) |
DE (1) | DE10233183A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050047208A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2005-03-03 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Non-volatile semiconductor memory device and method of actuating the same |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060151891A1 (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2006-07-13 | Aspen Engineering Services, Llc | Venturi induction for homogeneous charge compression ignition engines |
JP2007051624A (en) * | 2005-08-19 | 2007-03-01 | Denso Corp | Fuel injection nozzle |
US20080156293A1 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-03 | Yiqun Huang | Method for operating a diesel engine in a homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion mode under idle and light-load operating conditions |
DE102008032133B4 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2015-08-20 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Fuel injector |
EP2672101A1 (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2013-12-11 | Caterpillar Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | Injection nozzle |
US9470197B2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-10-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector having turbulence-reducing sac |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20626A (en) | 1858-06-22 | Gas-burner | ||
NL112394C (en) | 1960-09-02 | |||
US3591907A (en) | 1966-10-04 | 1971-07-13 | North American Rockwell | Shrink fit fabrication method for fluid injectors |
GB1497271A (en) | 1974-01-18 | 1978-01-05 | Spectus Oil Burners | Multi-fluid injectors |
US4657189A (en) | 1985-03-13 | 1987-04-14 | Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of intake valves |
EP0328277B1 (en) | 1988-02-05 | 1993-03-24 | Lucas Industries Public Limited Company | Fuel injector |
US5540200A (en) | 1993-12-28 | 1996-07-30 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel injection valve |
US5533482A (en) | 1994-05-23 | 1996-07-09 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel injection nozzle |
US5752659A (en) | 1996-05-07 | 1998-05-19 | Caterpillar Inc. | Direct operated velocity controlled nozzle valve for a fluid injector |
JPH1172067A (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1999-03-16 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel injection valve of internal combustion engine |
JP2001046919A (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-20 | Denso Corp | Fluid injection nozzle |
JP2002039036A (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2002-02-06 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Fuel injection valve |
-
2001
- 2001-10-30 US US10/021,356 patent/US6564772B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-07-22 DE DE10233183A patent/DE10233183A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-08-28 JP JP2002249722A patent/JP2003148282A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050047208A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2005-03-03 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Non-volatile semiconductor memory device and method of actuating the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10233183A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
JP2003148282A (en) | 2003-05-21 |
US6564772B1 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CATERPILLAR INC., ILLINOIS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SHYU, TSU PIN;YE, WEN;REEL/FRAME:012392/0074 Effective date: 20011029 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ENERGY, U.S. DEPARTMENT, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Free format text: CONFIRMATORY LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:CATERPILLAR, INC.;REEL/FRAME:013075/0037 Effective date: 20020107 |
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