US20030192871A1 - Paraffin bath - Google Patents
Paraffin bath Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030192871A1 US20030192871A1 US10/452,296 US45229603A US2003192871A1 US 20030192871 A1 US20030192871 A1 US 20030192871A1 US 45229603 A US45229603 A US 45229603A US 2003192871 A1 US2003192871 A1 US 2003192871A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- inner tub
- paraffin
- housing
- base
- bath apparatus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H33/00—Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes
- A61H33/04—Appliances for sand, mud, wax or foam baths; Appliances for metal baths, e.g. using metal salt solutions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H33/00—Bathing devices for special therapeutic or hygienic purposes
- A61H33/04—Appliances for sand, mud, wax or foam baths; Appliances for metal baths, e.g. using metal salt solutions
- A61H2033/047—Paraffin or wax baths
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A paraffin bath apparatus for melting paraffin used in therapeutic applications is disclosed. The paraffin bath apparatus comprises a housing having a base, a sidewall and upper opening. An inner tub is formed of a temperature resistant polymeric material is a generally cup shaped member having a bottom wall, an upstanding wall and an open top. The inner tub is received within the upper opening of the housing with the bottom wall of the inner tub overlying the base of the housing. The heating element is located between the inner tub and the housing for providing heat to the inner tub sufficient to melt the paraffin but below the temperature that would adversely affect the polymeric material forming inner tub. A thermostatic sensor is disposed between the inner tub and the housing and is electrically connected to the heating element to control the heat provided to the inner tub. A temperature indicating element may be provided in the inner tub and placed in contact with paraffin melted in the inner tub. The temperature indicating element provides a visual indication that the paraffin in the tub is within a predetermined temperature range and is visible through the melted paraffin.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/191,356, filed Jul. 8, 2002, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/710,117, filed Nov. 8, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,417,495, issued Jul. 9, 2002, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/523,506 filed Mar. 10, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,184,500, issued Feb. 6, 2001.
- The present invention relates to a therapeutic paraffin bath appliance.
- Paraffin baths are used in therapeutic procedures, particularly procedures relating to the treatment of hand and foot treatments for arthritic and dermatologic conditions. In the treatment of arthritis or for moisturizing skin a person may be directed to place their hand or foot in a paraffin bath. In a paraffin bath, solid paraffin is heated to its melting point. The person may remove their hand or foot from the bath leaving a coating of paraffin applied to their skin. This procedure can relieve arthritic pain. This procedure may also be used for moisturizing the skin on a person's hand or foot.
- Paraffin baths are normally provided with a metallic inner tub that is received in an outer housing with heating elements attached to or located adjacent the metallic inner tub. Paraffin baths having a metallic inner tub are relatively costly to manufacture which adds to the ultimate cost to consumers of such units.
- An important aspect of paraffin bath appliances is the heating control. some prior art paraffin baths have been provided with a costly electronic controller.
- The heating system should be failsafe in that it should not be permitted to overheat. Prior art paraffin baths do not have a temperature indicator reflecting the temperature of the melted paraffin. Another disadvantage of some prior art paraffin baths is that a thermostat could possibly fail or the unit may be subject to temperature fluctuation or nonuniform heating of the paraffin in the bath.
- When the paraffin bath is not in use, it is desirable to protect the paraffin from becoming contaminated.
- These and other disadvantages encountered by prior art paraffin baths are addressed by the paraffin bath made according to the present invention as will be understood from the following summary of the invention.
- A therapeutic paraffin bath designed for use by consumers, medical offices or physical therapy clinics is preferably durable and reliable as well as being easy to operate. A paraffin bath should also have a rapid heating capability so that it is not necessary to wait for an extended period of time for the paraffin to melt and reach the desired temperature for treatment.
- It is also preferable to provide temperature control within a range of potential treatment temperatures. According to the invention, a simple failsafe temperature indicator is provided that permits a consumer or health professional to directly read the temperature of the paraffin in the bath.
- The therapeutic paraffin bath preferably includes dual heating elements that are capable of rapidly heating the paraffin in the bath. Even heating of the paraffin prevents hot spots and cold spots within the bath.
- The temperature control is preferably provided by a reliable and inexpensive adjustable thermostat. The thermostat preferably is provided with a conductor strip through which temperature is monitored. A thermostatic fuse is also preferably provided as a safety mechanism in event that the thermostat control fails or the unit overheats. The thermostatic fuse would open if a overheating condition is sensed and cuts off power to the paraffin bath heating elements.
- The therapeutic paraffin bath of the present invention preferably includes a plastic inner tub that is heated by means of two separate heating elements. The heating elements are a rope type, or braided, heating elements sandwiched in aluminum foil. One heating element extends about the perimeter of the plastic inner tub. A second heating element is provided in the floor of the unit adjacent the bottom of the inner tub.
- A removable strainer is preferably provided that may be placed on the bottom of the inner tub. The strainer prevents direct contact with the bottom wall of the inner tub and also functions to obscure dirt or skin particles that may be otherwise visible in the bottom of the paraffin bath.
- The therapeutic paraffin bath of the present invention preferably includes a lid that may be locked in place over the inner tub. The lid is preferably mechanically locked to the inner tub of the paraffin bath as the bath is heated or when the bath is transported.
- According to the invention, a paraffin bath apparatus for melting paraffin is provided. A paraffin bath includes a housing having a base, a sidewall and an upper opening. An inner tub is formed of polymeric material that is selected for high temperature performance and is generally cup shaped having a bottom wall, an upstanding wall and an open top. The inner tub is received within the upper opening of the housing with the bottom wall overlying the base. Paraffin is supplied in the inner tub. The heating element is disposed between the inner tub and the housing. The heating element provides heat through the inner tub sufficient to melt the paraffin but below the temperature that would adversely affect the polymeric material forming the inner tub. An adjustable thermostatic sensor is disposed between the inner tub and the housing that is electrically connected to the heating element to control the heat provided to the inner tub. A thermal fuse is electrically connected to a circuit including the heating elements. The thermal fuse disables the heating elements when the temperature of the space between the housing and the inner tub exceeds a predetermined temperature.
- The heating element may also include a base heating element located between the base and the bottom wall and a side heating element located between the side wall and the upstanding wall. The base heating element and the side heating element are formed as separate parts. The heating elements are preferably braided metallic members. The braided metallic member is contained between two layers of foil that aid in dispersing heat. The thermostatic sensor is remotely mounted relative to the inner tub and is connected to a thermally conductive element that contacts a portion of the inner tub.
- The inner tub is preferably of formed polypropylene but may also be formed of another temperature resistant polymer.
- The present invention may also be characterized as a paraffin bath apparatus for melting paraffin that is provided with a temperature indicating element indicating the temperature of the paraffin melted in the apparatus. A housing having a base and an upper opening receives an inner tub that is generally cup-shaped and has a bottom wall and an open top. The inner tub is received within the upper opening of the housing with the bottom wall of the inner tub overlying the base. Paraffin is supplied to the inner tub for melting. A heating element is disposed between the inner tub and housing. The adjustable thermostatic sensor is disposed between the inner tub and the housing. The temperature indicating element is disposed in the inner tub and placed in contact with paraffin in the inner tub at a location that is not directly opposite a heating element. The temperature indicating element provides a visual indication that the paraffin in the inner tub is within a predetermined temperature range. The visual indication is visible through the paraffin after the paraffin is melted.
- The temperature indicating element is preferably secured to a strainer that is disposed in the tub on the bottom wall. The temperature indicating element may alternatively be secured to the inside of the inner tub at a location that is not directly opposite a heating element. The temperature indicating element is a color changing strip that includes a chemical that changes colors to indicate that the paraffin is within the predetermined temperature range.
- These and other aspects and objects of the present invention will be more clearly understood in view of the attached drawings and in light of the following detailed description of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a paraffin bath made in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken through the center of the paraffin bath shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken through the center of the paraffin bath.
- Referring now to FIG. 1, a
paraffin bath appliance 10 of the present invention is shown in an exploded perspective view. Assembly of the paraffin bath appliance is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The principal structural components of theparaffin bath appliance 10 include ahousing 12 in which aninner tub 14 is received. Astrainer 16 is loosely located in theinner tub 14. Alid 18 is provided to cover theinner tub 14. - The
housing 12 includes abase 22 and aside wall 24 extending around the periphery of thebase 22. The housing defines anupper opening 26 on its upper end. - The
inner tub 14 is preferably formed of a high temperature resistant polymeric material such as polypropylene. theinner tub 14 has abottom wall 30 and anupstanding wall 32 extending upwardly from the periphery of thebottom wall 30. Theupstanding wall 32 defines an open top 34 at its upper end. - A
temperature indicating element 38 is provided on thestrainer 16. Thetemperature indicating element 38 is formed of a polymeric material having a material contained therein that changes color when a predetermined temperature is reached. Thestrainer 16 has a plurality ofslots 40 that permit paraffin to circulate through thestrainer 16. Any dirt, skin particles or other debris fall through theslots 40 to the bottom of theinner tub 14.Flanges 42 extend downwardly from portions of the periphery of thestrainer 16 that hold thestrainer 16 in a spaced relationship relative to thebottom wall 30 of theinner tub 14. -
Side heating element 44 extends in a helical fashion around theupstanding wall 32 of theinner tub 40. Theheating element 44 is located within thehousing 12 adjacent theside wall 24. Abase heating element 46 is arranged in a serpentine fashion between the base 22 andbottom wall 30 and is secured to thebottom wall 30 of theinner tub 14.Side foil sheets 50 are provided on the inner and outer sides of theside heating element 44.Base foil sheets 52 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of thebase heating element 46. Theside heating element 44 andbase heating element 46 are preferably formed of a braided metal of preferably copper or aluminum that is durable and long lasting. The side andbase foil sheets base heating elements inner tub 14. - A
knob 54 for anadjustable thermostat 56 may be turned by a user to control the temperature of the paraffin in theparaffin bath appliance 10. Theadjustable thermostat 56 is provided to control the heating process and provide a mechanism for sensing the temperature of theinner tub 14. - A
thermal fuse 58 is provided in the electrical circuit including the side andbase heating elements housing 12 exceeds an upper limit the current supplied to theheating elements thermal fuse 58 is received in athermal fuse clip 60 and is preferably replaceable so that the unit may be serviced.Conductive element 62 is a metal strip selected for its thermally conductive properties and is secured to thebottom wall 30 of theinner tub 40 to sense the temperature of theinner tub 14 and provide a thermal input to thethermostat 56 that is slightly spaced from theinner tub 14 and mounted on thehousing 12. - A
strain relief 64 is provided in the rear of theside wall 24. Thestrain relief 64 is provided to protect and retain the power cord. -
Lights 68 are provided between thehousing 12 andinner tub 14 on the front portion of theside wall 24 with one indicating that the bath is turned on and the other indicating that the thermostat has opened indicating that the bath is at the desired temperature. - Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the assembled
paraffin bath appliance 10 is shown in transverse and longitudinal cross-sections, respectively. Thehousing 12 hasrubber feet 72 on the bottom of thebase 22. The feet are located at the base of faster receiving posts 74. - A downwardly extending
flange 76 extends about theopen top 34 of theinner tub 14. Theflange 76 is received in atop groove 78 formed about theupper opening 26 of thehousing 12. Theflange 76 andgroove 78 form a seal between thehousing 12 and theinner tub 14.Screws 80 are provided to securely fasten thehousing 12 andinner tub 14 together. - While not shown, electrical wires connect the
thermostat 56, thermofuse 58,heating elements lights 68 in a conventional circuit. - In an alternative embodiment,
temperature indicating element 38 could be affixed to theinner tub 14 on theside wall 24 thereof. Thetemperature indicating element 38 should be preferably located on a portion of theupstanding wall 32 that is not directly opposite theside heating element 44. Heat radiated by the heating element should not be allowed to distort the indication provided by thetemperature indicating element 38 that is intended to sense the temperature of the paraffin in theinner tub 14. - While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A paraffin bath apparatus for melting paraffin comprising:
a housing having a base;
an inner tub being formed of a polymeric material having a bottom wall, an upstanding wall and an open top, the inner tub being received by the housing with the bottom wall overlying the base, paraffin is supplied to the inner tub wherein the open top of the inner tub and the housing have cooperating elements that align the open top and housing;
a set of fasteners are provided to secure the housing and the inner tub together; and
a heating element disposed between the inner tub and the housing.
2. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 1 wherein a metallic sheet is secured to the inner tub and generally disposed between the heating element and the housing.
3. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 1 wherein the heating element includes at least a base heating wire and a side heating wire.
4. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cooperating elements comprise a flange and groove, wherein the flange is received within the groove to connect the housing and the inner tub.
5. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 1 wherein the housing further comprises a side wall and an upper opening, and wherein the fasteners secure the upper opening of the housing to the open top of the inner tub.
6. The paraffin bath of claim 5 wherein the fasteners are screws.
7. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fasteners secure the housing and the inner tub together at the base.
8. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 7 wherein the fasteners are screws.
9. A paraffin bath apparatus for melting paraffin comprising:
a housing having a base, a side wall and an upper opening;
an inner tub being formed of a polymeric material having a bottom wall, an upstanding wall and an open top, the inner tub being received within the upper opening of the housing with the bottom wall overlying the base, paraffin is supplied to the inner tub wherein the open top of the inner tub and the upper opening of the housing have cooperating elements that align the open top and upper opening about their periphery, the cooperative elements comprising a flange and groove to connect the housing and the inner tub;
a set of fasteners are provided to secure the housing and inner tub together; and
a heating element disposed between the inner tub and the housing.
10. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 9 wherein a metallic sheet is secured to the inner tub and generally disposed between the heating element and the housing.
11. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 9 wherein the heating element includes at least a base heating wire and a side heating wire.
12. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 9 wherein the fasteners secure the housing and the inner tub together at the upper opening.
13. The paraffin bath of claim 12 wherein the fasteners are screws.
14. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 9 wherein the fasteners secure the housing and the inner tub together at the base.
15. The paraffin bath apparatus of claim 14 wherein the fasteners are screws.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/452,296 US20030192871A1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2003-06-02 | Paraffin bath |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/523,506 US6184500B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2000-03-10 | Paraffin bath |
US09/710,117 US6417495B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2000-11-08 | Paraffin bath |
US10/191,356 US6573481B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2002-07-08 | Paraffin bath |
US10/452,296 US20030192871A1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2003-06-02 | Paraffin bath |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/191,356 Continuation US6573481B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2002-07-08 | Paraffin bath |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20030192871A1 true US20030192871A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
Family
ID=24085309
Family Applications (6)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/523,506 Expired - Fee Related US6184500B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2000-03-10 | Paraffin bath |
US09/710,117 Expired - Fee Related US6417495B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2000-11-08 | Paraffin bath |
US09/776,796 Expired - Fee Related US6303910B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-02-05 | Method of making an injection molded paraffin bath and apparatus made thereby |
US09/892,165 Expired - Fee Related US6407369B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-06-26 | Paraffin bath |
US10/191,356 Expired - Fee Related US6573481B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2002-07-08 | Paraffin bath |
US10/452,296 Abandoned US20030192871A1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2003-06-02 | Paraffin bath |
Family Applications Before (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/523,506 Expired - Fee Related US6184500B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2000-03-10 | Paraffin bath |
US09/710,117 Expired - Fee Related US6417495B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2000-11-08 | Paraffin bath |
US09/776,796 Expired - Fee Related US6303910B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-02-05 | Method of making an injection molded paraffin bath and apparatus made thereby |
US09/892,165 Expired - Fee Related US6407369B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-06-26 | Paraffin bath |
US10/191,356 Expired - Fee Related US6573481B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2002-07-08 | Paraffin bath |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US6184500B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001243535A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001068014A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
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US7252431B1 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2007-08-07 | Caramanna A Gregory | Water temperature monitoring apparatus |
US20090095732A1 (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2009-04-16 | Kuochu Li | Multi-Functional Cooker |
WO2015123589A1 (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-20 | Footsiebath, Llc | Soaking basin having magnetic jet |
KR101821753B1 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2018-01-24 | 랩앤피플주식회사 | Paraffin wax dissolving device |
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US6184500B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-02-06 | Homedics, Inc. | Paraffin bath |
US6441348B1 (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2002-08-27 | Raymond Industrial Limited | Heat treatment apparatus and method of using same |
US6459073B1 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-10-01 | Ranger Industries, Inc. | Arts and crafts hot pot |
KR20030028636A (en) * | 2001-09-20 | 2003-04-10 | (주)젠텍인터내셔날 | Paraffin bath apparatus |
US6756567B1 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-06-29 | Chi Ming Suen | Paraffin wax warmer bath |
US20070062932A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-22 | Atanu Saha | System and method for heating massage oils and the like |
US8901461B1 (en) | 2006-06-26 | 2014-12-02 | Marcus J. Shotey | Wax melting system |
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KR100889784B1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2009-03-19 | 박항로 | A paraffin bath apparatus |
DE102008023660B4 (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2010-02-11 | Hirt Zerspanungstechnik Gmbh | Device for heating an object by means of a water bath |
KR101016374B1 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2011-02-21 | 주식회사 앤케어 | A method of treating paraffin bath |
GB0919913D0 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2009-12-30 | Mcwilliams Kevin | Product warming device |
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US10577572B2 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2020-03-03 | Donna James | Method of forming decorative soaps |
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USD933248S1 (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2021-10-12 | Guangzhou Fourto Sanitary Products Co., LTD | Paraffin wax warmer |
USD948736S1 (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-04-12 | Wu Deng | Wax machine |
USD948064S1 (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-04-05 | Guangzhou Fourto Sanitary Products Co., LTD | Paraffin wax warmer |
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-
2000
- 2000-03-10 US US09/523,506 patent/US6184500B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-08 US US09/710,117 patent/US6417495B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-02-05 US US09/776,796 patent/US6303910B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-09 WO PCT/US2001/007581 patent/WO2001068014A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-03-09 AU AU2001243535A patent/AU2001243535A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-26 US US09/892,165 patent/US6407369B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-08 US US10/191,356 patent/US6573481B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-06-02 US US10/452,296 patent/US20030192871A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7252431B1 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2007-08-07 | Caramanna A Gregory | Water temperature monitoring apparatus |
US20090095732A1 (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2009-04-16 | Kuochu Li | Multi-Functional Cooker |
WO2015123589A1 (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-20 | Footsiebath, Llc | Soaking basin having magnetic jet |
US20150297446A1 (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2015-10-22 | Footsiebath, Llc | Soaking basin having magnetic jet |
US9700483B2 (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2017-07-11 | Footsiebath, Llc | Soaking basin having magnetic jet |
US10219976B2 (en) | 2014-02-14 | 2019-03-05 | M.A.C. Global, Inc. | Soaking basin having magnetic jet |
KR101821753B1 (en) | 2016-02-05 | 2018-01-24 | 랩앤피플주식회사 | Paraffin wax dissolving device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20010038003A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
US6184500B1 (en) | 2001-02-06 |
US6573481B2 (en) | 2003-06-03 |
US20020175161A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
WO2001068014A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
US6417495B1 (en) | 2002-07-09 |
US6303910B2 (en) | 2001-10-16 |
US20010020613A1 (en) | 2001-09-13 |
AU2001243535A1 (en) | 2001-09-24 |
US6407369B2 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
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