US20030229312A1 - Inoculation apparatus and method - Google Patents
Inoculation apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- US20030229312A1 US20030229312A1 US10/397,926 US39792603A US2003229312A1 US 20030229312 A1 US20030229312 A1 US 20030229312A1 US 39792603 A US39792603 A US 39792603A US 2003229312 A1 US2003229312 A1 US 2003229312A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D1/00—Surgical instruments for veterinary use
- A61D1/02—Trocars or cannulas for teats; Vaccination appliances
- A61D1/025—Vaccination appliances
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Abstract
An inoculation device and method are provided. The device includes a hypodermic syringe with a hollow needle that is positioned to inject a small animal in its abdominal area with an inoculant. A work platform supports the animal during inoculation in a back down, face up orientation. Air flow sensing activation means is positioned adjacent a portion of the animal. When the animal is moved into contact with the activation means, drive means connected to the hypodermic syringe moves the needle forward to penetrate the animal after which the inoculant is injected.
Description
- This application is a continuation patent application of patent application Ser. No. 09/489,546 filed on Jan. 21, 2000.
- The invention relates to an apparatus for inoculating small animals, e.g., fowl or poultry such as chickens, turkeys, guineas, geese, ducks, pheasants, quails, etc. when they are young.
- Domestically raised poultry are subject to various diseases and infections after hatching. For the effective raising of such poultry, they need to be inoculated to reduce loss of poultry and to insure efficient growth. When a disease or infection starts in a flock, it can quickly spread to the remainder of the birds causing catastrophic loss, sometimes of the entire flock. Oftentimes the profit margin on poultry is low, so even the loss of a few birds or their failure to grow efficiently, can have a substantial adverse effect on overall profits. There is thus a need for an apparatus to quickly and efficiently inoculate a large number of birds with a high level of confidence that all or substantially all of the birds have been effectively inoculated. For example, it is desired to effectively inoculate at least 99% of chicks born into a flock.
- Devices for inoculating poultry by automatic injection of inoculants through a hypodermic needle and syringe are well known in the art. Such a device and corresponding method are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,311,841, (incorporated herein by reference). The disclosed method provides a major advance in the effective inoculation of poultry when they are in the chick stage. The inoculation, according to the disclosed method, is done when the chicks are young and still have their yolk sacs. The yolk sac is relatively small on the major surface and thin and the needle needs to be accurately directed and positioned to insure the tip of the needle is located in the sac when the inoculants are injected. In order to handle the large number of birds encountered at a typical large poultry farm, the device needs to be quick and efficient to use. However, the bird needs to be properly positioned relative to the injection needle and relative to the ground and held in that position for proper inoculation. Also, the inoculation device needs to include a positive trigger mechanism to automatically activate the syringe and needle.
- Because many birds will be processed in succession, there is a need to sanitize the needle without stopping inoculation to effect sanitizing. It is preferred that the needle be continuously sanitized with minimal clean up and waste of disinfectant. Sanitization is known, see for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,515,590 wherein a sprayer is used to sanitize the needle. This system however requires cleanup of the spray from inside the housing and is sprayed at intervals. Also, the exterior surface of the needle is not wiped during such spray cleaning.
- The working environment in poultry farms is oftentimes wet. This presents concerns for worker safety particularly when using power operated devices since many are powered at least in part by electricity. It would be desirable to eliminate the risk of electrical shock to workers by providing an inoculator that can be operated without the use of electricity and still provide the ability to have an effective automatic operation control system.
- Various types of medicaments are used for inoculation. Some medicaments are mixed together so that only one injection is required to complete the inoculation. However, it has been found that the medicaments can physically separate whereby the inoculant is not uniform throughout the container. The inoculant needs to be agitated or otherwise mixed, preferably continuously, to insure uniformity and thereby effectiveness of the inoculation. Thus, there is a need for an inoculating device that insures uniformity of inoculant when injected. Further, the agitation is desirably achieved without the use of electricity at the inoculator.
- Many devices are available for such inoculations but have one or more of the above described drawbacks. Thus, there is a need for an apparatus and method for improved inoculations.
- Among the several objects and features of the present invention may be noted the provision of an inoculation apparatus that improves upon the currently available devices; the provision of an inoculation apparatus that is easy and efficient to use; the provision of an inoculation apparatus that reduces the need for stopping inoculation to sanitize the needle and that provides an improved sanitizer that can clean the needle between each injection; the provision of an inoculation apparatus that is effective and efficient in inoculating large numbers of birds in a short period of time; the provision of an inoculation apparatus that provides improved positioning of the bird relative to the needle and horizontal (the ground) for inoculation; the provision of an inoculation apparatus which reliably triggers movement of the hypodermic needle to the extended or inoculating position; the provision of an inoculation apparatus that eliminates the risk of electrical shock while providing an automatic operation control system; and the provision of a method of inoculation that stabilizes and enhances the inoculation target area of the bird.
- One aspect of the present invention includes an apparatus for injecting an object with a fluid. The apparatus comprises a hypodermic syringe and a needle mounted on the syringe. The needle is movable on a drive path for injection of the object. Drive means connect to the hypodermic syringe and are operable to selectively move the needle between an extended position and a retracted position. A conduit for flow of fluid has an outlet for flow of fluid therethrough. The outlet is positioned relative to the needle so that an object in the drive path of the needle may partially block the outlet to restrict flow of fluid through the outlet. A pressure sensor for sensing a change in pressure in the conduit resulting from restriction of fluid flow through the outlet activates the drive means whereby the drive means moves the needle to the extended position in response to the change in pressure.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes an apparatus for injecting a small animal with a fluid, wherein the animal has an abdominal area. The apparatus comprises a hypodermic syringe and a needle mounted on the syringe. The needle is movable on a drive path for injection of the animal. A cradle adjacent the needle is adapted for positioning the animal to be injected in a face up position relative to the needle so that the abdominal area of the animal is exposed for penetration by the needle. Drive means connected to the hypodermic syringe are operable to selectively move the needle between an extended position and a retracted position.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention includes an apparatus for injecting a small animal with a fluid. The apparatus comprises a hypodermic syringe, a needle mounted on the syringe and a drive means connected to the syringe. The drive means is operable to selectively move the needle between an extended position and a retracted position. A positioning device positioned adjacent the needle is adapted for positioning the animal to be injected relative to the needle. The positioning device includes a cradle extending from the housing and opening generally upwardly. The cradle has a portion defining an opening for receiving a posterior portion of the animal to facilitate positioning the animal relative to the needle.
- Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus for inoculating small animals;
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary plan view of the inoculating apparatus with portions broken away to illustrate components mounted inside the apparatus;
- FIG. 3 is a front end view of the apparatus showing a cradle on one end of the apparatus;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control circuit and cylinders used to operate the apparatus;
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the hypodermic needle sanitizing device shown in side elevation;
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a device for agitating the inoculant; and
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the syringe with portions broken away to show internal detail of the syringe.
- Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
- The reference numeral10 (FIG. 1) designates generally apparatus for inoculating
small animals 12 such as poultry, including, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, guineas, pheasants, quails, etc. Preferably, poultry is inoculated when it is young and still has a yolk sac that is positioned in the abdomen of the bird. The apparatus 10 generally includes a housing orframe 14, asyringe 16, ahollow needle 18, adrive 20 operable to move theneedle 18 along a drive path between an extended position and a retracted position (FIGS. 1, 2 and 7). The apparatus 10 also includes a trigger mechanism, designated generally as 22, that actuates movement of the needle 18 (FIG. 3). A retention orwork platform 24 which includes acradle 25 is provided in which theanimal 12 is placed for locating it in the drive path relative to theneedle 18 for inoculation when the needle moves to its extended position along the drive path (FIGS. 3 and 5). To maintain theneedle 18 sanitized, a needle sanitizer, designated generally as 27, is provided.Inoculant 29 is contained in acontainer 30 and is fed to theneedle 18 through thesyringe 16 as is known in the art. Theinoculant 29 in thecontainer 30 is maintained mixed by an agitation device, designated generally as 32, carried by thehousing 14. - The
housing 14 includes afirst case 34 for containing the operation control system (hereinafter described). Thecase 34 includes six walls (designated respectively by the reference numerals 35-40) and is a generally rectangular solid in shape. One or more walls can be removable to provide access to the interior of thecase 34. As shown, thetop wall 40 and one end wall 39 are connected together forming a lid that can be separated from the remainder of the case walls by removal of thescrews 41. Apressure gauge 43 is mounted in aside wall 36 so it can be viewed by an operator. Also, adjustable controls, including thepressure regulator knob 44, thecounter 45, themaster control switch 46 and areset operator 47 are mounted on thecase 34 and as shown, theknob 44 is mounted above thewall 40 and the counter, control switch and reset operator are mounted on thewall 36 for manipulation by the operator of the apparatus. - The
housing 14 also includes asecond case 51. Preferably, thesecond case 51 houses various moving parts and operation control devices (hereinafter described) of the apparatus 10 and like thecase 34, has six walls (designated respectively by the reference numerals 53-58). Preferably, thetop wall 57 is movable or removable to provide access to the interior 60 of thesecond case 51 and the parts mounted therein. As shown, thetop wall 51 is a lid hingedly mounted on theend wall 56 with ahinge 62 for pivoting movement between open and closed positions. Twoports 64 are provided through thetop wall 57 forconduits syringe 16 and a disinfectant pump (hereinafter described). Preferably, thehousing 14 is made of metal such as stainless steel which is easy to clean and is corrosion resistant. Thecases second cases second case 51 preferably contains no control circuit devices that can be damaged by cleaning and is separated from thefirst case 34 for cleaning, e.g., by immersion in a cleaning liquid. Thecase 51 has abottom wall 54 that is angled from horizontal (the ground) at an angle A in the range of about 20° through about 60° and preferably in the range of about 30° through about 45°. - As seen in FIG. 2 the apparatus10 includes the
hypodermic syringe 16, such as a model 516000 syringe made by Wings. Thesyringe 16 is mounted in aguide support 76 for linear movement between an extended position and a retracted position. Thesyringe 16 has the hollowhypodermic needle 18 mounted on the forward end (FIG. 7). Theneedle 18 is connected in fluid flow communication with ametering chamber 78 in thesyringe 16. Themetering chamber 78 is in turn connected in fluid flow communication to the source ofinoculant 29 or vaccine, which is shown as thecontainer 30, via theconduit 66. Theinoculant 29 flows by the influence of gravity from thecontainer 30 to thesyringe 16metering chamber 78 or could be pumped if desired. Pumping can be done at least in part by negative pressure created inmetering chamber 78 when apiston 79 moves from its extended position to its retracted position. Acheck valve 77 is provided between theconduit 66 andmetering chamber 78 to prevent flow of inoculant from the chamber back into the conduit during inoculation. - The
syringe 16 includes thepiston 79 with aplunger 80 extending out of the rearward end of the syringe. Thepiston 79 is spring loaded to return the piston to a rearward or retracted position. Aspring 82 is positioned between asyringe housing 83 and a shoulder formed by aconnector 85 and is normally compressed providing force to help return thepiston 79 to the retracted position.Drive 20 is provided and is operably connected to thesyringe 16 to effect linear movement of thesyringe 16 andneedle 18 between their retracted positions (shown in FIG. 2) and extended positions. Apreferred drive 20 includes apneumatic cylinder 87 that is connected to thesyringe 16 by theconnector 85. Preferably the connection provides for easy connection and disconnection of thesyringe 16 from thecylinder 87. As shown, thecylinder 87 has acoupling 89 connected to itspiston rod 90. Thecoupling 89 is preferably made of a plastic such as nylon. Thecoupling 89 includes anopen channel 92 which receives thesyringe connector 85. Theconnector 85 andcoupling 89 are retained against relative longitudinal movement by an E-ring 93 mounted on theplunger 80 and received in agroove 94 in thecoupling 89. This arrangement permits easy disconnection by moving theconnector 85 and E-ring 93 out through theopening 95 of thechannel 92. The width of theopening 95 is smaller than the diameter of theconnector 85 whereby theconnector 85 is releasably retained in thecoupling 89. - A
base plate 101 is mounted in thecase 51 in a manner that will permit its selective movement. Thebase plate 101 is mounted so it can be moved transversely of thecase 51. As seen in FIG. 2, thebase plate 101 is generally rectangular having opposing longitudinal side edges 102, 103 and opposing end edges 104, 105. The side edges 102, 103 each have a plurality of spacedslots 107 extending transversely into thebase plate 101 from arespective side edge fastener 108, such as a screw, extends through eachslot 107 and is received through a respective aperture in thebottom wall 54 and is secured in place, as withnuts 109, thereby securing thebase plate 101 in place inside thecase 51. Theslots 107 allow the base plate 10 to be positioned in a desired transverse position. Thebase plate 101 also has an elongate groove 111 extending longitudinally of thebase plate 101 between the end edges 104, 105. - The
guide support 76 is secured inside thecase 51 in any suitable manner for selective longitudinal movement in the case. Theguide support 76 includes a generally U-shaped frame comprising a pair ofupright legs 114, 115 and a base 116. As shown, the base 116 is received in the groove 111 for linear movement therein. The base 116 has an elongate slot 118 therethrough. A mechanical fastener such as a stud 119 secured in thebase plate 101 extends through the slot 118. A threaded fastener such as a wing nut 120 is threaded onto the stud 119 and when tightened, fixes the longitudinal position of theguide support 76 on thebase plate 101 in thecase 51. The edges of the groove 111 prevent rotational movement of theguide support 76 about the stud 119 on thebase plate 101. The transverse movement of thebase plate 101 and the longitudinal movement of theguide support 76 on thebase plate 101 permit the transverse and longitudinal adjustment of the position of theguide support 76 and components mounted thereon including theneedle 18. Also, thebase plate 101, guidesupport 76 and components are removable from thehousing 51 facilitating repair, maintenance and cleaning. - The
cylinder 87 is mounted on the leg 114. Thesyringe 16 is movably mounted on theleg 115 in arace 122 for linear movement therein. Therace 122 has anopen top 123 and has a round through bore with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of thesyringe 16 therein for a slip fit. The open top 123 is smaller transversely than thesyringe 16 diameter so that the syringe is releasably retained in therace 122. Preferably therace 122 is made from a low friction material such as Delrin, a self lubricating plastic. Thecylinder 87, piston andpiston rod 90 are coaxial with thesyringe 16,piston 79 andneedle 18. Movement of the cylinder piston forward first moves thesyringe 16 forward in therace 122 until aflange 125 on thesyringe 16 engages theguide support 76. Aresilient cushion 126 such as an O-ring can be positioned on thesyringe 16 between theflange 125 and theguide support 76 to cushion the impact therebetween. The forward motion of thesyringe 16 andneedle 18 stop when the flange 16 (or O-ring 126) engages theguide support 76. - After forward movement of the
syringe 16 andneedle 18 stop, the forward motion of thecylinder piston rod 90 continues. With the forward motion of thesyringe 16 stopped, thesyringe piston 79 then begins to move forward within thesyringe 16 in thechamber 78 compressing thespring 82.Inoculant 29 contained in thesyringe chamber 78 is pressurized and ejected through theneedle 18 and into the animal to be inoculated. As seen in FIG. 7, thesyringe 16 includes avalve 128. Thevalve 128 is preloaded with the bias of aspring 129 to hold thevalve element 130 in engagement with thevalve seat 131. When a predetermined pressure is reached in thesyringe chamber 78, the bias is overcome and the inoculant in thechamber 78 flows through theneedle 18. The use of such apressure release valve 128 prevents theinoculant 29 from flowing through theneedle 18 until the predetermined pressure is attained thereby preventing leaking. A pre-measured dose ofinoculant 29 is delivered because thesyringe 16 is a positive displacement pump. The retraction of theneedle 18 from its forward most position is fast enough to prevent drawing liquid contents of the animal back into the needle. Thesyringe 16 can have the volume of the inoculant chamber changed, as is known in the art, for example by providing asyringe piston 79 of a different length changing the volume of thesyringe chamber 78. A typical inoculation dosage for a chick is in the range of about 0.1 ml through about 0.5 ml and preferably about 0.2 ml. - Preferably the
cylinder 87 is a single acting cylinder with spring return. Pressurized air from anair source 133 is supplied from the source through apressure regulator 137, aconduit 134 and acontrol valve 135 to selectively movepiston rod 90 of thecylinder 87 to its extended position (FIGS. 2 and 4). The spring in thecylinder 87 will return thepiston 79,needle 18 andsyringe 16 to their retracted positions when the pressurized air in the cylinder is released through an exhaust port in the on-off switch 46. Also, thecylinder 87 could be a double acting cylinder, if desired, using pressurized air for extension and retraction. - A
needle guide tube 139 is secured to thecase 51 and is positioned to permit theneedle 18 to move therethrough between the extended and retracted positions of the needle (FIGS. 2, 3 and 5). Theguide tube 139 has anipple 140 that projects outwardly from the end wall 58 a distance in the range of between about 0.5 through about 0.75 cm. Theguide tube 139 is suitably secured to thewall 58 such as by welding. Theelongate bore 142 through theguide tube 139 is coaxial with theneedle 18 and the needle is preferably positioned in the approximate center of thebore 142. The retracted position of theneedle 18 preferably leaves the needle point inside theguide tube 139. For chicks, theneedle 18, in its extended position, extends from thedistal end 141 of the guide tube 139 a distance in the range of about 2 mm through about 3 mm as measured from the rearward end of the bevel on the needle end to thedistal end 141 of theguide tube 139. - The
nipple 140 is positioned above the upwardly facingsupport surface 168 of the cradle 25 a distance D′ in the range of about 1.5 cm and about 2.0 cm as measured from the lower most disposed portion of thesurface 168. Thenipple 140 is preferably generally round in transverse cross section and has a diameter in the range of about 0.25 cm through about 0.4 cm at least at thedistal end 141. - The
apparatus 14 is provided withmeans 27 for sanitizing theneedle 18. As shown in FIG. 5, aporous member 143 is installed or mounted in anenlarged bore 144 in atubular housing 145. Thebores housing 145 is secured to thenipple 140. Theporous member 143 is preferably soft for penetration by the needle and can be made of, e.g., polyester felt. Also, it is preferred that theporous member 143 be in contact with theneedle 18 to applydisinfectant 147 directly to the needle and wipe the needle of debris. Thebore 144 of thehousing 145 and hence theporous member 143 are connected in flow communication with a source 148 ofdisinfectant 147 such as alcohol. Theporous member 143 absorbsdisinfectant 147 and holds disinfectant metered to it for subsequent application to theneedle 18. It is preferred that thedisinfectant 147 be fed to theporous member 143 in a positive and metered fashion to insure adequate application but not over application of the disinfectant to theneedle 18. A preferred metering system includes a pneumaticpositive displacement pump 69 such as piston pump. Asuitable pump 69 is a model N700500 made by Wings. Thepump 69, when activated, will deliver a predetermined amount ofdisinfectant 147 to theporous member 143 via aconduit 151 connecting the pump in flow communication with the porous member. It is preferred that thepump 69 be activated by thecycle counter 45, such as a Wings model 501000, to operate the pump sequentially. Thecounter 45 is operable to count the number of needle movements and hence inoculations. Thepreferred counter 45 is a count down counter. When a preset number of cycles has been achieved, e.g. 100, thecounter 45 activates a valve 153. The valve 153 is shown as part of the counter reset 47. The valve 153 allows air to flow to apneumatic cylinder 154 connected to thepump 69 to effect a pump stroke and delivery of a predetermined amount of disinfectant to theporous member 143. Thepump 69 is in flow communication between thesource 156 of disinfectant and theporous member 143 viaconduits pump 69 has built in valving to prevent flow ofdisinfectant 147 to theporous member 143 without pump activation and prevent flow back to the source of disinfectant during pumping. Acheck valve 157 prevents back flow to thesource 156, such as a container, and apressure release valve 158 is in the outlet of thepump 69. Thepressure release valve 158 prevents flow until a predetermined pressure is reached in thepump 69. This prevents flow ofdisinfectant 147 to theporous member 143 until thepump 69 is activated to pressurize thedisinfectant 147 in the pump. Theporous member 143 will apply thedisinfectant 147 to theneedle 18 on every movement of the needle even though the disinfectant is supplied to the porous member incrementally or sequentially. By controlling the feed ofdisinfectant 147 and applying the disinfectant directly to the exterior of theneedle 18, little if any waste of disinfectant occurs and there is little if any disinfectant to clean up. - As shown, the
container 156 is mounted in astand 160 that is suitably mounted on thecase 34. Thecontainer 156 is positioned at an elevated position relative to thepump 69 and theporous member 143 to allow gravity to induce flow of thedisinfectant 147 to thepump 69 and hence theporous member 143. The use of thepump 69 insures positive delivery ofdisinfectant 147 and also permits intermittent delivery in a controlled manner. As shown, thepump 69 is mounted in thecase 51 by suitable securement to theside wall 55. - To insure effectiveness of the inoculation, particularly when injecting into the yolk sac, the bird being inoculated needs to be positively and properly positioned relative to the
needle 18. Thework platform 24, as best seen in FIGS. 1 and 3 is provided to position thechick 12 relative to theneedle 18 for inoculation. Thework platform 24 includes thecradle 25 secured to thewall 58 adjacent theguide tube 139,nipple 140 and thetrigger mechanism 22, for example with mechanical fasteners 163 through laterally extendingears 164. - The
cradle 25 projects outwardly from thewall 58 and is upwardly opening for ease of bird positioning. Thecradle 25 is in the shape of a trough that is arcuate in transverse cross section. Thecradle 25 is preferably sized and shaped such that when a chick is placed therein, the yolk sac will maintain its shape and position to help insure proper inoculation when the abdomen is placed against thedistal end 141 of thenipple 140. For use with chicken chicks, thecradle 25 has a length L of about 3 cm, a width W at the open top of about 3 cm and a depth D of about 1 cm. Thecradle 25 is preferably made of metal such as stainless steel to facilitate cleaning. - A hatch or
opening 166 is provided at the juncture between thecradle 25 and theend wall 58 and extends longitudinally into thecradle 25 toward a free (e.g., outer or distal) end 169 of the cradle. Theopening 166 is positioned in the lower most portion of thecradle 25 and under thenipple 140. Theopening 166 facilitates positioning of thebird 12 relative to theneedle 18 and thenipple 140 and allows for a more sanitary structure during operation to prevent the collection or build up of vented waste. Theopening 166 is shown as an elongate slot and is sized to receive the tail portion orposterior 167 of achick 12. Theopening 166 has a width in the range of between about 0.8 cm through about 1 cm and a length, as measured from theend wall 58, in the range of between about 0.9 cm through about 1.1 cm. Acrossbar 165 is secured to thecradle 25 adjacent theend wall 58 and theopening 166 and is preferably arcuate and spaced from thesupport surface 168 of the cradle. The maximum spacing between thecrossbar 165 and thesupport surface 168 is located above theopening 166 and is in the range of about 0.7 cm through about 0.9 cm. Thecrossbar 165,support surface 168 and the edges of theopening 166 form a yoke for receiving and restraining the rearward orposterior end 167 of achick 12 against movement while forcing the chick's tail portion downward and abdomen up to help position the yolk sac. - The
cradle support surface 168 is preferably inclined upwardly relative to horizontal. It has been found that having achick 12 inclined with the head of thechick 12 at the high end as opposed to horizontal reduces struggle by the chick during inoculation. This inclined position is also more ergonomic for the operator. The angle of incline A′ is that angle between the longitudinal axis of thecradle 25, which is generally parallel to the lowermost disposed portion or nadir of thesupport surface 168 extending between the opposite end of the cradle, and horizontal and is in the range of about 20° through about 60° and preferably in the range of about 30° through about 45°. Theneedle 18 moves in a path generally parallel to or in a plane that extends generally vertically through the longitudinal axis of thecradle 25. It also moves at an angle A″ relative to the longitudinal axis of thecradle 25 in the range of about −5° (downwardly and away from the longitudinal axis) through about 5° (upwardly and away from the longitudinal axis) as seen in FIG. 5. The preferred angle A″ is in the range of about +1° through about +3°. Thechick 12 has a coronal plane that is generally parallel to it backbone. Thus, the coronal plane of thechick 12, when in thecradle 25, is positioned at an angle relative to horizontal in the range of about 20° through about 60° and preferably in the range of about 30° through about 45°. - The
work platform 24 includes anarcuate fence 170 secured to and extending between opposite sides of thecradle 25 at the wall end of the cradle. The projection height H (in the longitudinal direction of thecradle 25 as seen if FIG. 5) of the fence is in the range of about 1.5 cm through about 2.0 cm. Thefence 170 and thecradle 25 cooperate to form a generally circular ring adjacent to theend wall 58. The diameter of the ring is in the range of between about 3.0 cm through about 4.0 cm and can be adjusted via thescrew 171. Thefence 170 helps position the bird by surrounding the abdomen area so the abdomen is aligned and constrained for penetration by theneedle 18. Theneedle 18,nipple 140, and thetrigger mechanism 22 are positioned inside the ring formed by thefence 170 andcradle 25. - The
trigger mechanism 22 is operably connected to a control circuit operable to activate or otherwise trigger movement of theneedle 18 between its extended and retracted positions. As seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, thetrigger mechanism 22 comprises aconduit 173 in flow communication at one end with thesource 133 of pressurized air and extending out through theend wall 58 below theguide tube 139 to adistal end 174 of the conduit. Air flows continuously from thesource 133 of pressurized air through a flow passage 172 of theconduit 173 and out through anopening 174′ in the distal end of the conduit to help keep the flow passage free of debris. However, it is understood that pressurized air could flow from the environment in through theopening 174′ and through the flow passage 172. Thedistal end 174 of theconduit 173 forms a valve seat at theopening 174′ and selectively cooperates with a portion of theanimal 12 to form a valve that can at least partially block the flow of air through the flow passage 172. A pressuresensitive valve 175, such as a signal amplifier valve model VL34H20 from Festo, is connected to theconduit 173 and is operable to sense the air pressure therein. When the flow passage 172 is at least partially blocked or obstructed, the air pressure in theconduit 173 will increase. When a predetermined pressure is achieved in theconduit 173, acontroller 177, such as a micro timer from Wings, model 552000, will be activated. Thecontroller 177 can include an air flow rate regulator which is adjustable to control the operating speeds of the various cylinders. The sensitivity of activation of the pressuresensitive valve 175 is adjustable by adjusting the air flow through the flow passage 172 with theflow regulator 176, such as a Festo model GR 1/8 that is connected in theconduit 173. Activation of the pressuresensitive valve 175 allows full pressure air to flow through theconduit 187 through thevalve 175 to thecontroller 177. Thecontroller 177 is operably connected to thevalve 135 via aconduit 178. When thecontroller 177 is activated, it in turn activates thevalve 135 allowing pressurized air to flow through theconduits source 133 to thecylinder 87 urging the cylinder to move thesyringe 16 andneedle 18 to their extended positions. Thecontroller 177, after a predetermined time closes thevalve 135 to preclude pressurized air from reaching thecylinders off switch 46 allowing thecylinders controller 177 is connected to thesignal amplifier valve 175 via theconduit 179. - A
stand 190 is mounted on thehousing 14 and is operable to support thecontainer 30 ofinoculant 29. Preferably, thecontainer 30 is positioned at an elevated position relative to thesyringe 16 for gravity flow assistance. Means can be provided for keeping theinoculant 29 mixed in thecontainer 30 during operation of theapparatus 14. Preferably, the means is carried by thecase 51 and is operable to continuously mix or agitate theinoculant 29 in thecontainer 30. As best seen in FIG. 6, thestand 190 is mounted in atube 192 that is secured to thelid 40. Thecylinder 32 is mounted on thetube 190 and is preferably coaxial with the bore in which thestand 190 is mounted. As seen in FIG. 4, thecylinder 32 is connected in flow communication to theconduit 134 as is thesyringe cylinder 87. Every time thesyringe cylinder 87 is activated for extension, thecylinder 32 is also activated. Thepiston rod 193 of thecylinder 32 moves axially inside thetube 192 moving thestand 190 andcontainer 30 up and down with each stroke. The movement mixes theinoculant 29 in thecontainer 30 by shaking. The movement is about ¼″. The vibration has been found adequate to keep components of theinoculant 29 from separating during operation of theapparatus 14. When thesyringe cylinder 87 retracts, so does thecylinder 32. Thecylinder 32 is then ready to be reactivated for mixing theinoculant 29. - In operation, an
animal 12 such as a chick is placed in thecradle 25 tail or posterior 167 first. Thetail portion 167 is placed in theopening 166 and under thecrossbar 165. The abdomen is moved into engagement with theopening 174′ and thenipple 140. Thechick 12 is held firmly against the distal end of thenipple 140 and the valve seat at theopening 174′ of thedistal end 174 of theconduit 173 is partially or completely blocked, raising the air pressure in the conduit. Thedistal end 141 of thenipple 140 engages the abdomen area of the chick at the yolk sac which is just below or to the side of where the umbilical was attached. By pressing the abdomen against thenipple 140, the skin is stretched over thedistal end 141 cinching the skin in place which facilitates entry and retraction of theneedle 18. It also helps prevent subsequent leakage of fluid from the chick at the needle entry point. Thesignal amplifier 175 is activated by the increased air pressure which in turn activates thecontroller 177 and thus the extension of thecylinders needle 18 moves forward and penetrates thebird 12 and theinoculant 29 is injected into the bird, e.g., in the yolk sac. Theneedle 18 then retracts and thebird 12 is removed from thecradle 25. After a predetermined number of injections or needle movements, a quantity ofdisinfectant 147 is dispensed to theporous member 143 to replenish the supply of disinfectant in the porous member. The dispensing ofdisinfectant 147 to theporous member 143 preferably occurs when thecounter 45 reaches 0 and is reset for the preset quantity. Resetting is accomplished by activating the counter reset 47. The needle cleaning occurs during operation of theapparatus 14 and thedisinfectant 147 is contained during dispensing and application to theneedle 18. - The operating control system is shown in FIG. 4. The system includes the
source 133 of pressurized air. It is connected by aconduit 181 to thepressure regulator 137 which preferably includes an air filter device such as a Norgren model B07-101-mika. Thepressure regulator 137 is adjusted with theknob 44. Thegauge 43 is connected in theconduit 181 to show the operating pressure which is preferably in the range of between about 40 psi and about 60 psi. The main control on-off switch 46 is connected to theair supply conduit 181 and is preferably a three position valve such as a Wings model 508000. The three positions include off, on and manual. When off, no pressurized air is supplied beyond thevalve 46 to the control system. When in manual, air is supplied to thecylinder 87 to move it, thesyringe 16 and theneedle 18 to their fully extended positions for position adjustment and/or verification of adjustment. When thevalve 46 is in the on position, the control system is activated and ready to operate. - The flow passage172 is at least partially blocked by an animal thereby increasing the pressure in the
conduit 173. As described above, thedistal end 174 of theconduit 173 forms a valve seat at theopening 174′ and the chick functions as a valve seal element forming a valve on the distal end. The valve formed by theopening 174′ and theanimal 12 is characterized by an absence of a valve seat and valve seal element contained therein. Thesignal amplifier valve 175 is activated which in turn activates thecontroller 177 which is connected in flow communication to the signal amplifier byconduit 179. Thecontroller 177 is connected in flow communication with thecounter 45 at its count port Z and output signal port A byconduits counter 45, if count down, has a preset quantity and counts one activation or shot and reduces the preset count or subsequent count by one. Thecontroller 177, when activated by thesignal amplifier valve 175 opens thevalve 135 for a predetermined time to let pressurized air flow to thecylinders whistle 184, such as Wings Model 512032 is connected in flow communication with thecontroller 177 and counter 45 byconduit 183. When the zero count is reached, i.e., a predetermined number of inoculations have been made, pressurized air flows to thewhistle 184 producing an alarm sound letting the operator know that the inoculations for that round or group are completed. Thevalve 135 is also connected in flow communication with thecontroller 177 viaconduit 178. Air from thecontroller 177 activates thevalve 135 allowing air from theconduit 185 to flow thru thevalve 85 andconduit 134 to the syringe andagitator cylinders conduit 134 to the syringe is two piece allowing it to be separated at acoupling 186 mounted on thewall 38 so the twocases cylinders off switch 46 and the cylinders can return to their normal retracted positions. - The
counter 45 is connected at the air supply port P in flow communication with thevalve 46 viaconduit 187. The counter reset 47 is connected in flow communication with theconduit 187 and thecounter 45 viaconduit 188. When the counter reset 47 is activated, pressurized air is supplied to a reset port Y of the counter viaconduit 188. Theconduit 188 is two piece and includes acoupling 189 that is mounted in thewall 38 to facilitate separation of thecases 34, 5 1. When pressurized air is supplied to thecounter 45 at the reset port Y, thecounter 47 is returned to its preset number or quantity and is ready to begin a new countdown series. At reset activation, thepump cylinder 154 effects pumping ofdisinfectant 29 to theporous member 143 from thecontainer 156 viaconduits 67, 5 1. When the counter has reached the zero count, if a count down type, the system cannot be activated until thecounter 45 is reset. - The control system also includes the
flow regulator 176 connected in flow communication with thevalve 46 viaconduit 187 and to thesignal amplifier 175 viaconduit 173. Theflow regulator 176 is operable to adjust the sensitivity needed to activate thesignal amplifier valve 175. The more air that flows through theconduit 173, the less blockage of theopening 174′ is needed to activate thesyringe cylinder 87,agitator cylinder 32,controller 177 andcounter 45. Thesignal amplifier 175 is also connected in flow communication with thevalve 46 viaconduit 187 connected to the input port P′ to provide full pressure air to the downstream control circuit elements. Thus, the control circuit is completely pneumatically operated not requiring or using any electronic components. - When introducing elements of the present invention or the preferred embodiment(s) thereof, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
- As various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
Claims (6)
1. Apparatus for injecting an object with a fluid, comprising:
a hypodermic syringe;
a needle mounted on the syringe, said needle being movable on a drive path for injection of said object;
drive means connected to the hypodermic syringe and operable to selectively move the needle between an extended position and a retracted position;
a conduit for flow of fluid having an outlet for flow of fluid therethrough, said outlet being positioned relative to said needle so that an object in the drive path of said needle may partially block said outlet to restrict flow of fluid through said outlet; and
a pressure sensor for sensing a change in pressure in said conduit resulting from restriction of fluid flow through said outlet to activate the drive means whereby the drive means moves the needle to the extended position in response to the change in pressure.
2. An apparatus for injecting a small animal with a fluid, the animal having an abdominal area, said apparatus comprising:
a hypodermic syringe;
a needle mounted on the syringe, said needle being movable on a drive path for injection of said animal;
a cradle adjacent said needle and adapted for positioning the animal to be injected in a face up position relative to the needle so that the abdominal area of the animal is exposed for penetration by the needle; and
drive means connected to the hypodermic syringe and operable to selectively move the needle between an extended position and a retracted position.
3. An apparatus for injecting a small animal with a fluid, said apparatus comprising:
a hypodermic syringe;
a needle mounted on the syringe;
drive means connected to the syringe and operable to selectively move the needle between an extended position and a retracted position; and
a positioning device positioned adjacent the needle and adapted for positioning the animal to be injected relative to the needle, said positioning device includes a cradle extending from the housing and opening generally upwardly, the cradle having a portion defining an opening for receiving a posterior portion of the animal to facilitate positioning the animal relative to the needle.
4. An apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein the cradle includes an upwardly facing support surface with its lower most portion positioned at an angle in the range of about 20° through about 60° relative to horizontal.
5. An apparatus as set forth in claim 4 including a crossbar positioned adjacent to an end of the retention device most adjacent the housing and spaced from the support surface for receiving the posterior portion of the animal between the bar and the support surface.
6. An apparatus as set forth in claim 5 including an opening through the support surface adjacent the housing and the bar, said opening being adapted to receive the posterior portion of the animal therein.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/397,926 US20030229312A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2003-03-26 | Inoculation apparatus and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/489,546 US6565533B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2000-01-21 | Inoculation apparatus and method |
US10/397,926 US20030229312A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2003-03-26 | Inoculation apparatus and method |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/489,546 Continuation US6565533B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2000-01-21 | Inoculation apparatus and method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20030229312A1 true US20030229312A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
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ID=23944313
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/489,546 Expired - Fee Related US6565533B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2000-01-21 | Inoculation apparatus and method |
US10/397,926 Abandoned US20030229312A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2003-03-26 | Inoculation apparatus and method |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/489,546 Expired - Fee Related US6565533B1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2000-01-21 | Inoculation apparatus and method |
Country Status (3)
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US (2) | US6565533B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001229602A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001052766A2 (en) |
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WO2001052766A3 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
WO2001052766A2 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
US6565533B1 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
AU2001229602A1 (en) | 2001-07-31 |
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