US20040005988A1 - Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission - Google Patents
Lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission Download PDFInfo
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- US20040005988A1 US20040005988A1 US10/424,742 US42474203A US2004005988A1 US 20040005988 A1 US20040005988 A1 US 20040005988A1 US 42474203 A US42474203 A US 42474203A US 2004005988 A1 US2004005988 A1 US 2004005988A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/045—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
- C10M2203/0206—Well-defined aliphatic compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/046—Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/049—Phosphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission. More particularly, the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission which has a great statical friction coefficient ( ⁇ s), an excellent transmission torque capacity and a friction characteristic having a ⁇ ratio of 1 or smaller, exhibiting excellent resistance to transmission shock on clutching, and achieves the improvement in the energy saving property and the decrease in the size and the weight of the automatic transmission.
- ⁇ s statical friction coefficient
- An automatic transmission fluid (referred to as ATF, hereinafter) is a lubricating oil composition used for automatic transmissions of automobiles having a torque converter, a gear mechanism, a hydraulic mechanism and a wet type clutch at the inside.
- ATF is required to have many functions such as the function as a medium for transmitting power in the torque converter, the hydraulic system and the control system, lubrication of bearings of gears and the wet type clutch, the function as a medium for adjustment of the temperature, lubrication of friction materials and retention of the suitable friction property.
- the automatic transmission is more widely used in the automobile field in recent years, the requirement for ATF having a more excellent friction property is increasing.
- the transmission torque capacity is evaluated by the statical friction coefficient ⁇ s.
- the transmission torque capacity can be increased by increasing the value of ⁇ s.
- the friction coefficient ⁇ 0 immediately before stopping by clutching is also increased.
- the ratio of ⁇ 0 as the index of the transmission shock to the dynamical friction coefficient ⁇ d (the ⁇ ratio) deteriorates and it has been considered difficult that the ⁇ ratio is kept at 1 or greater while ⁇ s is increased.
- the present invention has an object of providing a lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission which has a great statical friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) to achieve the improvement in the energy saving property, a friction characteristic having a ⁇ ratio of 1 or smaller, exhibiting excellent resistance to transmission shock on clutching, to achieve the improvement torque capacity for the decrease in the size and the weight of the automatic transmission.
- ⁇ s statical friction coefficient
- the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission which comprises a base oil having a pour point of ⁇ 25° C. or lower and a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 7 mm 2 /s at a temperature of 100° C., (A) a over-based calcium sulfonate having a total base number of 300 to 500 mg KOH/g in an amount in a range of 2,000 to 3,500 ppm by mass as calcium, (B) at least one of a succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having no boron atom and a succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having boron atom, the succinimides having an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,500, in an amount such that an amount of nitrogen is in a range of 100 to 500 ppm by mass and an amount of boron is in a range of 0 to 300 ppm by mass, and (C)
- a base oil having a pour point of ⁇ 25° C. or lower and a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 7 mm 2 /s at the temperature of 100° C. is used.
- the pour point of the base oil exceeds ⁇ 25° C.
- the fluidity at low temperatures is insufficient.
- the kinematic viscosity is smaller than 2 mm 2 /s at the temperature of 100° C.
- the vapor pressure is excessively great and the flash point decreases.
- friction at the sliding portions such as bearings of gears and the clutch in the automatic transmission increases.
- a kinematic viscosity exceeding than 7 mm 2 /s is not necessary for the design of the automatic transmission and there is the possibility that delay in clutching takes places in transmission when the kinematic viscosity exceeds 7 mm 2 /s.
- the type of the base oil is not particularly limited and any of mineral oils and synthetic oils can be used.
- the mineral oil various conventional mineral oils can be used.
- the mineral oil include paraffinic mineral oils, intermediate mineral oils and naphthenic mineral oils.
- Specific examples of the mineral oil include light neutral oil, intermediate neutral oil, heavy neutral oil and bright stock purified with a solvent or hydrogen.
- the synthetic oil various conventional synthetic oils can be used.
- the synthetic oil include poly- ⁇ -olefins (including copolymers of ⁇ -olefins), polybutene, polyol esters, esters of dibasic acids, esters of phosphoric acid, polyphenyl ether, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, polyoxyalkylene glycols, neopentyl glycol, silicone oils, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and hindered esters.
- the base oil may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the mineral oil and the synthetic oil may be used in combination.
- paraffinic highly purified base oils having a value of % C A of 0.1% by mass or smaller are preferable from the standpoint of the properties of the lubricating oil composition.
- the % C A is the fraction of aromatic components obtained in accordance with the n-d-M method of the ring analysis.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises an over-based calcium sulfonate as component (A).
- the over-based calcium sulfonate is a salt selected from calcium salts of various sulfonic acids and, in general, obtained by carbonation of a calcium salt of a sulfonic acid.
- the sulfonic acid include aromatic petroleum sulfonic acids, alkylsulfonic acids, aryl sulfonic acids and alkylarylsulfonic acids.
- sulfonic acid examples include dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dilaurylcetylbenzenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid substituted with paraffin wax, benzenesulfonic acid substituted with polyolefins, benzenesulfonic acid substituted with polyisobutylene and naphthalene-sulfonic acid.
- a over-based calcium sulfonate having a total base number in the range of 300 to 500 mg KOH/g is used.
- the total base number is smaller than 300 mg KOH/g, the friction oeficient is not sufficiently great. It is difficult that a over-based calcium sulfonate having a total base number exceeding 500 mg KOH/g is produced.
- the over-based calcium sulfonate may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount is selected in the range of 2,000 to 3,500 ppm by mass as the amount of calcium based on the entire amount of the composition. When the amount is less than 2,000 ppm by mass, the friction coefficient is not sufficiently great and the effect of cleaning is insufficient. When the amount exceeds 3,500 ppm by mass, it is difficult that the value of ⁇ is adjusted at 1 or smaller although the friction coefficient is sufficiently great.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises, as component (B), at least one of a succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having no boron atom and a succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having boron atom.
- the succinimides have an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,500 and preferably a polybutenyl group.
- the object of the present invention is not achieved.
- the hydrocarbon group is a polybutenyl group and, more preferably a polybutenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 2,500.
- Examples of the succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having no boron atom include monopolybutenylsuccinimides represented by general formula (I):
- R 1 represents a polybutenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 3,500
- R 2 represents an alkylene group aving 2 to 4 carbon atoms
- m represents an integer of 1 to 10
- R 3 and R 4 each represent a polybutenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 3,500, R 3 and R 4 may represent the same group or different groups; R 5 and R 6 each represent an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R 5 and R 6 may represent the same group or different groups, and n represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10.
- polybutenylsuccinimides can be produced, in general, by reacting a polyalkylenepolyamine with polybutenylsuccinic anhydride which is obtained by the reaction of polybutene and maleic anhydride.
- the monobutenylsuccinimide, the bisbutenylsuccinimide or a mixture of these compounds can be obtained when the relative amounts of the nolybutenylsuccinic anhydride and the polyalkylenepolyamine are changed in the reaction.
- polyalkylenepolyamine examples include polyethylenepolyamine, polypropylenepolyamine and polybutylene-polyamine. Among these compounds, polyethylenepolyamine is preferable.
- Examples of the polybutenylsuccinimide having boron atom include compounds obtained by reacting the polybutenylsuccinimide having no boron atom (the mono-compound and/or the bis-compound) with a boron compound.
- Examples of the boron compound include boric acid, boric acid anhydride, boron halides, esters of boric acid, amides of boric acid and boron oxide.
- At least one compound selected from the monopolybutenylsuccinimides, bispolybutenylsuccinimides and polybutenylsuccinimides having boron atom described above is preferable as component (B).
- the amount is selected in the range such that the amount of nitrogen is in the range of 100 to 500 ppm by mass and preferably in the range of 150 to 350 ppm by mass and the amount of boron is in the range of 0 to 300 ppm by mass.
- the amount of nitrogen is less than 100 ppm by mass, the torque transmission capacity decreases and dispersion of the degradation products deteriorates.
- the amount of nitrogen exceeds 500 ppm by mass or the amount of boron exceeds 300 ppm by mass transmission shock and shudder tend to take place.
- the lubricating composition of the present invention comprises a phosphorous acid ester-based compound as component (C).
- a phosphorous acid ester-based compound as component (C).
- Examples of the phosphorous acid ester-based compound include compounds represented by general formula (III):
- R 7 to R 9 each represent hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms
- the atoms and the groups represented by R 7 to R 9 may be the same with or different from each other, and at least one of R 7 to R 9 represents a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R 7 to R 9 in general formula (III) include linear, branched and cyclic alkyl groups and alkenyl groups having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, alkylaryl groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms and arylalkyl groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
- hydrocarbon group examples include butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, octyl group, decyl group, lauryl group, myristyl group, palmityl group, stearyl group, oleyl group, eicosyl group, phenyl group, xylyl group, benzyl group and phenethyl group.
- the phosphorous acid ester-based compound represented by general formula (III) include phosphorous acid esters represented by general formula (III) in which R 7 to R 9 each represent a hydrocarbon group, acidic phosphorous acid esters represented by general formula (III) in which one of R 7 to R 9 represents hydrogen atom and the rest of R 7 to R 9 each represent a hydrocarbon group (monohydrogenphosphites) and acidic phosphorous acid esters represented by general formula (III) in which two of R 7 to R 9 each represent hydrogen atom and the rest of R 7 to R 9 represents a hydrocarbon group (dihydrogenphosphites).
- acidic phosphorous acid esters are preferable and monohydrogenphosphites are more preferable.
- Examples of the monohydrogenphosphite include dibutyl hydrogenphosphite, dilauryl hydrogenphosphite, dioleyl hydrogen-phosphite, distearyl hydrogenphosphite, diphenyl hydrogenphosphite and dibenzyl hydrogenphosphite. Among these compounds, dilauryl hydrogenphosphite and dioleyl hydrogenphosphite are preferable.
- the phosphorous acid ester-based compound described above may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount is in the range of 100 to 300 ppm by mass as the amount of phosphorus based on the entire amount of the composition.
- the amount is less than 100 ppm by mass, it is difficult that the value of ⁇ is adjusted at 1.0 or smaller and the object of the present invention is not achieved.
- the amount exceeds 300 ppm by mass, the friction coefficient decreases and the transmission torque is insufficient.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may further comprise other additives such as antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, extreme pressure agents, friction modifiers, rust preventives, corrosion inhibitors and defoaming agents as long as the object of the present invention is not adversely affected.
- additives such as antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, extreme pressure agents, friction modifiers, rust preventives, corrosion inhibitors and defoaming agents as long as the object of the present invention is not adversely affected.
- antioxidants examples include amine-based antioxidants such as alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine and alkylated ⁇ -naphthylamine; phenol-based antioxidants such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol); and sulfur-based antioxidants such as dilauryl thiodipropionate and distearyl thiodipropionate.
- amine-based antioxidants such as alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine and alkylated ⁇ -naphthylamine
- phenol-based antioxidants such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol)
- sulfur-based antioxidants such as dilauryl thiodipropionate
- viscosity index improver examples include polymethacrylate-based viscosity index improvers, polyisobutylene-based viscosity index improvers, ethylene-propylene copolymer-based viscosity index improvers and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymer-based viscosity index improvers.
- Examples of the extreme pressure agent and the friction modifier include esters of phosphoric acid, carboxylic acids, esters of carboxylic acids, oils and fats, amides of carboxylic acids (reaction products of amines such as polyalkylenepolyamines, alkanolamines and alkylamines with carboxylic acids), alkylamines, N-alkylalkanolamines and partial esters of carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols.
- Examples of the rust preventive include alkenylsuccinic acids and partial esters of alkenylsuccinic acids.
- Examples of the corrosion inhibitor include benzotriazole and benzimidazole.
- Examples of the defoaming agent include dimethylpolysiloxane and polyacrylates.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention having the above composition has, in general, a value of ⁇ s of 1.2 or greater, exhibiting the excellent transmission torque capacity, and, at the same time, a ⁇ ratio of 1 or smaller, exhibiting the excellent resistance to transmission shock. Therefore, the improvement in the energy saving property and the decreases in the size and the weight of the automatic transmission can be achieved.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can be applied to transmissions equipped with an automatic transmission and a friction materal mechanism of the wet type. joints having a friction material mechanism of the wet type for braking and automatic/non-stage transmissions having a lock up clutch equipped with a continuous slipping mechanism.
- Lubricating oil compositions were prepared in accordance with the formulations shown in Table 1 and the dynamical friction coefficient ( ⁇ d) and the stillness friction coefficient ( ⁇ 0) were evaluated under the dynamic condition and the statical friction coefficient ( ⁇ s) was evaluated under the static condition using the SAE No. 2 friction tester.
- the conditions of the evaluations are shown in the following.
- a cellulose-based clutch material actually used for transmissions was used under the following conditions: the face pressure: 0.2 to 0.3 N/mm 2 ; the oil temperature: 100° C.; the dynamic speed of rotation: 3,000 rpm; and the static speed of rotation: 0.7 rpm.
- a paraffinic oil having a pour point of ⁇ 30° C., a kinematic viscosity of 3.5 mm 2 /s at 100° C. and a % C A of 0.1% by mass or smaller.
- 250TBN calcium sulfonate having a total base number of 230 mg/KOH.
- 300TBN calcium sulfonate having a total base number of 330 mg/KOH.
- 400TBN calcium sulfonate having a total base number of 400 mg/KOH.
- High molecular weight Mw2000 a polybutenylsuccinimide having a nitrogen content of 1.5% by mass and no boron atom, in which the average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group was 2,000.
- B-based Mw1000-1 a polybutenylsuccinimide having a nitrogen content of 1.6% by mass and a boron content of 0.4% by mass, in which the average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group was 1,000.
- B-based Mw1000-2 a polybutenylsuccinimide having a nitrogen content of 2.0% by mass and a boron content of 2.0% by mass, in which the average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group was 1,000.
- Low molecular weight Mw1000> a polybutenylsuccinimide having a nitrogen content of 3.6% by mass and no boron atom, in which the average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group was 500.
- a PMA-based viscosity index improver TABLE 1-1 Comparative Example Example 1 2 3 1 2 3 Composition (% by mass) paraffinic base oil rest rest rest rest rest calcium sulfonate 250 TBN — — — — — — 300 TBN — — 3.0 — — — 400 TBN 2.0 2.0 — 1.0 2.0 2.0 polybutenylsuccinimide high molecular weight 2.0 — 2.0 2.0 — — Mw2000 B-based Mw1000-1 — 2.0 — — — — B-based Mw1000-2 — — — — — 2.0 — low molecular weight — — — — — — 4.5 Mw1000> acidic phosphorous acid ester 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 antioxidant 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 viscosity index improver etc 11* 1 11* 1 11* 1 11* 1 11* 1 Elements in additives added to the composition (ppm by mass) Ca
- the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention all showed ⁇ s of 0.12 or greater, exhibiting great transmission torque capacities, and ⁇ ratios of 1.0 or smaller, exhibiting excellent resistance to transmission shock.
- the lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission which has a great statical friction coefficient ( ⁇ s), an excellent transmission torque capacity and a friction characteristic having a ⁇ ratio of 1 or smaller, exhibiting excellent resistance to transmission shock on clutching, and achieves the improvement the energy saving property and the decrease in the size and the weight of the automatic transmission, can be provided.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission. More particularly, the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission which has a great statical friction coefficient (μs), an excellent transmission torque capacity and a friction characteristic having a μ ratio of 1 or smaller, exhibiting excellent resistance to transmission shock on clutching, and achieves the improvement in the energy saving property and the decrease in the size and the weight of the automatic transmission.
- An automatic transmission fluid (referred to as ATF, hereinafter) is a lubricating oil composition used for automatic transmissions of automobiles having a torque converter, a gear mechanism, a hydraulic mechanism and a wet type clutch at the inside.
- In order that the mechanism of the automatic transmission works smoothly, ATF is required to have many functions such as the function as a medium for transmitting power in the torque converter, the hydraulic system and the control system, lubrication of bearings of gears and the wet type clutch, the function as a medium for adjustment of the temperature, lubrication of friction materials and retention of the suitable friction property. As the automatic transmission is more widely used in the automobile field in recent years, the requirement for ATF having a more excellent friction property is increasing.
- To improve the efficiency of transmission of the automatic transmission and also to improve the torque of transmission in the wet type clutch portion for decreasing the size and the weight of the transmission, it is required that the friction coefficient of the clutch be increased. (The torque capacity of a clutch is evaluated, in general, by the SAE No. 2 tester using an actually used clutch.)
- In general, the transmission torque capacity is evaluated by the statical friction coefficient μs. The transmission torque capacity can be increased by increasing the value of μs. When the transmission torque capacity is increased, i.e., the statical friction coefficient μs is increased, in general, the friction coefficient μ0 immediately before stopping by clutching is also increased. As the result, in general, the ratio of μ0 as the index of the transmission shock to the dynamical friction coefficient μd (the μ ratio) deteriorates and it has been considered difficult that the μ ratio is kept at 1 or greater while μs is increased.
- However, it is apparent that the μ ratio and the value of μs can be improved simultaneously only when the dynamical friction coefficient is increased. The development of the technology for increasing μd has been conducted actively but it is the actual situation that no satisfactory results have been obtained.
- In the transmission using conventional ATF, the number and the diameter of the disk plate are decreased to improve the transmission efficiency and to decrease the size and the weight of the transmission. This causes a problem in that the transmission torque capacity becomes insufficient due to a small friction coefficient.
- Although various proposals have been made on ATF, these proposals have some problems and the satisfactory results cannot be always obtained. For example, in the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3184113, the transmission shock on clutching is great although the torque capacity is good. In the technology disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-160183, the friction coefficient is small and the transmission torque capacity is insufficient although the transmission shock on clutching is absent. When an ashless dispersant containing boron is used and boron is contained in an amount of 0.035% by mass or more (350 ppm by mass or more) as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-279286, a problem arises in that the transmission shock is great and precipitates are formed since water tends to be absorbed due to the great amount of boron.
- Under the above circumstances, the present invention has an object of providing a lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission which has a great statical friction coefficient (μs) to achieve the improvement in the energy saving property, a friction characteristic having a μ ratio of 1 or smaller, exhibiting excellent resistance to transmission shock on clutching, to achieve the improvement torque capacity for the decrease in the size and the weight of the automatic transmission.
- As the result of the intensive studies by the present inventors to develop the lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission having the above excellent properties, it was found that the above object could be achieved with a composition comprising a combination of a base oil having a specific fluidity, a over-based calcium sulfonate having a total base number in a specific range, a succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having boron atom or no boron atom such as polybutenylsuccinimide having no boron atom and polybutenylsuccinimide having boron atoms, and a phosphorous acid ester-based compound, each in a specific amount based on the entire amount of the composition. The present invention has been completed based on this knowledge.
- The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission which comprises a base oil having a pour point of −25° C. or lower and a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 7 mm2/s at a temperature of 100° C., (A) a over-based calcium sulfonate having a total base number of 300 to 500 mg KOH/g in an amount in a range of 2,000 to 3,500 ppm by mass as calcium, (B) at least one of a succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having no boron atom and a succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having boron atom, the succinimides having an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,500, in an amount such that an amount of nitrogen is in a range of 100 to 500 ppm by mass and an amount of boron is in a range of 0 to 300 ppm by mass, and (C) a phosphorous acid ester-based compound in an amount in a range of 100 to 300 ppm by mass as phosphorus, each amount being based on an entire amount of the composition.
- In the lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission of the resent invention, a base oil having a pour point of −25° C. or lower and a kinematic viscosity of 2 to 7 mm2/s at the temperature of 100° C. is used. When the pour point of the base oil exceeds −25° C., the fluidity at low temperatures is insufficient. When the kinematic viscosity is smaller than 2 mm2/s at the temperature of 100° C., the vapor pressure is excessively great and the flash point decreases. Moreover, friction at the sliding portions such as bearings of gears and the clutch in the automatic transmission increases. A kinematic viscosity exceeding than 7 mm2/s is not necessary for the design of the automatic transmission and there is the possibility that delay in clutching takes places in transmission when the kinematic viscosity exceeds 7 mm2/s.
- The type of the base oil is not particularly limited and any of mineral oils and synthetic oils can be used. As the mineral oil, various conventional mineral oils can be used. Examples of the mineral oil include paraffinic mineral oils, intermediate mineral oils and naphthenic mineral oils. Specific examples of the mineral oil include light neutral oil, intermediate neutral oil, heavy neutral oil and bright stock purified with a solvent or hydrogen.
- As the synthetic oil, various conventional synthetic oils can be used. Examples of the synthetic oil include poly-α-olefins (including copolymers of α-olefins), polybutene, polyol esters, esters of dibasic acids, esters of phosphoric acid, polyphenyl ether, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, polyoxyalkylene glycols, neopentyl glycol, silicone oils, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and hindered esters. The base oil may be used singly or in combination of two or more. The mineral oil and the synthetic oil may be used in combination. In the present invention, paraffinic highly purified base oils having a value of % CA of 0.1% by mass or smaller are preferable from the standpoint of the properties of the lubricating oil composition. The % CA is the fraction of aromatic components obtained in accordance with the n-d-M method of the ring analysis.
- The lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises an over-based calcium sulfonate as component (A). The over-based calcium sulfonate is a salt selected from calcium salts of various sulfonic acids and, in general, obtained by carbonation of a calcium salt of a sulfonic acid. Examples of the sulfonic acid include aromatic petroleum sulfonic acids, alkylsulfonic acids, aryl sulfonic acids and alkylarylsulfonic acids. Specific examples of the sulfonic acid include dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dilaurylcetylbenzenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid substituted with paraffin wax, benzenesulfonic acid substituted with polyolefins, benzenesulfonic acid substituted with polyisobutylene and naphthalene-sulfonic acid.
- In the present invention, a over-based calcium sulfonate having a total base number in the range of 300 to 500 mg KOH/g is used. When the total base number is smaller than 300 mg KOH/g, the friction oeficient is not sufficiently great. It is difficult that a over-based calcium sulfonate having a total base number exceeding 500 mg KOH/g is produced.
- The over-based calcium sulfonate may be used singly or in combination of two or more. The amount is selected in the range of 2,000 to 3,500 ppm by mass as the amount of calcium based on the entire amount of the composition. When the amount is less than 2,000 ppm by mass, the friction coefficient is not sufficiently great and the effect of cleaning is insufficient. When the amount exceeds 3,500 ppm by mass, it is difficult that the value of μ is adjusted at 1 or smaller although the friction coefficient is sufficiently great.
- The lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises, as component (B), at least one of a succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having no boron atom and a succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having boron atom. The succinimides have an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,500 and preferably a polybutenyl group.
- When the average molecular weight of the alkyl group or the alkenyl group in the succinimide substituted with a hydrocarbon group and having boron atom or no boron atom is outside the range of 1,000 to 3,500, the object of the present invention is not achieved. It is preferable that the hydrocarbon group is a polybutenyl group and, more preferably a polybutenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 2,500.
-
-
- wherein R3 and R4 each represent a polybutenyl group having an average molecular weight in the range of 1,000 to 3,500, R3 and R4 may represent the same group or different groups; R5 and R6 each represent an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R5 and R6 may represent the same group or different groups, and n represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10.
- These polybutenylsuccinimides can be produced, in general, by reacting a polyalkylenepolyamine with polybutenylsuccinic anhydride which is obtained by the reaction of polybutene and maleic anhydride. The monobutenylsuccinimide, the bisbutenylsuccinimide or a mixture of these compounds can be obtained when the relative amounts of the nolybutenylsuccinic anhydride and the polyalkylenepolyamine are changed in the reaction.
- Examples of the polyalkylenepolyamine used above include polyethylenepolyamine, polypropylenepolyamine and polybutylene-polyamine. Among these compounds, polyethylenepolyamine is preferable.
- Examples of the polybutenylsuccinimide having boron atom include compounds obtained by reacting the polybutenylsuccinimide having no boron atom (the mono-compound and/or the bis-compound) with a boron compound. Examples of the boron compound include boric acid, boric acid anhydride, boron halides, esters of boric acid, amides of boric acid and boron oxide.
- In the present invention, at least one compound selected from the monopolybutenylsuccinimides, bispolybutenylsuccinimides and polybutenylsuccinimides having boron atom described above is preferable as component (B). The amount is selected in the range such that the amount of nitrogen is in the range of 100 to 500 ppm by mass and preferably in the range of 150 to 350 ppm by mass and the amount of boron is in the range of 0 to 300 ppm by mass. When the amount of nitrogen is less than 100 ppm by mass, the torque transmission capacity decreases and dispersion of the degradation products deteriorates. When the amount of nitrogen exceeds 500 ppm by mass or the amount of boron exceeds 300 ppm by mass, transmission shock and shudder tend to take place.
-
- wherein R7 to R9 each represent hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, the atoms and the groups represented by R7 to R9 may be the same with or different from each other, and at least one of R7 to R9 represents a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms represented by R7 to R9 in general formula (III) include linear, branched and cyclic alkyl groups and alkenyl groups having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, aryl groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, alkylaryl groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms and arylalkyl groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the above hydrocarbon group include butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, octyl group, decyl group, lauryl group, myristyl group, palmityl group, stearyl group, oleyl group, eicosyl group, phenyl group, xylyl group, benzyl group and phenethyl group.
- The phosphorous acid ester-based compound represented by general formula (III) include phosphorous acid esters represented by general formula (III) in which R7 to R9 each represent a hydrocarbon group, acidic phosphorous acid esters represented by general formula (III) in which one of R7 to R9 represents hydrogen atom and the rest of R7 to R9 each represent a hydrocarbon group (monohydrogenphosphites) and acidic phosphorous acid esters represented by general formula (III) in which two of R7 to R9 each represent hydrogen atom and the rest of R7 to R9 represents a hydrocarbon group (dihydrogenphosphites). In the present invention, acidic phosphorous acid esters are preferable and monohydrogenphosphites are more preferable.
- Examples of the monohydrogenphosphite include dibutyl hydrogenphosphite, dilauryl hydrogenphosphite, dioleyl hydrogen-phosphite, distearyl hydrogenphosphite, diphenyl hydrogenphosphite and dibenzyl hydrogenphosphite. Among these compounds, dilauryl hydrogenphosphite and dioleyl hydrogenphosphite are preferable.
- In the present invention, the phosphorous acid ester-based compound described above may be used singly or in combination of two or more. The amount is in the range of 100 to 300 ppm by mass as the amount of phosphorus based on the entire amount of the composition. When the amount is less than 100 ppm by mass, it is difficult that the value of μ is adjusted at 1.0 or smaller and the object of the present invention is not achieved. When the amount exceeds 300 ppm by mass, the friction coefficient decreases and the transmission torque is insufficient.
- Where desired, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may further comprise other additives such as antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, extreme pressure agents, friction modifiers, rust preventives, corrosion inhibitors and defoaming agents as long as the object of the present invention is not adversely affected.
- Examples of the antioxidant include amine-based antioxidants such as alkylated diphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine and alkylated α-naphthylamine; phenol-based antioxidants such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol); and sulfur-based antioxidants such as dilauryl thiodipropionate and distearyl thiodipropionate.
- Examples of the viscosity index improver include polymethacrylate-based viscosity index improvers, polyisobutylene-based viscosity index improvers, ethylene-propylene copolymer-based viscosity index improvers and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymer-based viscosity index improvers.
- Examples of the extreme pressure agent and the friction modifier include esters of phosphoric acid, carboxylic acids, esters of carboxylic acids, oils and fats, amides of carboxylic acids (reaction products of amines such as polyalkylenepolyamines, alkanolamines and alkylamines with carboxylic acids), alkylamines, N-alkylalkanolamines and partial esters of carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols.
- Examples of the rust preventive include alkenylsuccinic acids and partial esters of alkenylsuccinic acids. Examples of the corrosion inhibitor include benzotriazole and benzimidazole. Examples of the defoaming agent include dimethylpolysiloxane and polyacrylates.
- The lubricating oil composition of the present invention having the above composition has, in general, a value of μs of 1.2 or greater, exhibiting the excellent transmission torque capacity, and, at the same time, a μ ratio of 1 or smaller, exhibiting the excellent resistance to transmission shock. Therefore, the improvement in the energy saving property and the decreases in the size and the weight of the automatic transmission can be achieved.
- The lubricating oil composition of the present invention can be applied to transmissions equipped with an automatic transmission and a friction materal mechanism of the wet type. joints having a friction material mechanism of the wet type for braking and automatic/non-stage transmissions having a lock up clutch equipped with a continuous slipping mechanism.
- The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples in the following. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.
- Lubricating oil compositions were prepared in accordance with the formulations shown in Table 1 and the dynamical friction coefficient (μd) and the stillness friction coefficient (μ0) were evaluated under the dynamic condition and the statical friction coefficient (μs) was evaluated under the static condition using the SAE No. 2 friction tester. The conditions of the evaluations are shown in the following.
- A cellulose-based clutch material actually used for transmissions was used under the following conditions: the face pressure: 0.2 to 0.3 N/mm2; the oil temperature: 100° C.; the dynamic speed of rotation: 3,000 rpm; and the static speed of rotation: 0.7 rpm.
- Under the above test conditions, μd and μs at 3,000 rpm were measured and the μ ratio (μ0/μd) was obtained. When the μ ratio is 1 or smaller, the resistance to transmission shock is excellent.
- The results are shown in Table 1.
- The components used for the compositions are shown in the following.
- (1) Base Oil
- A paraffinic oil having a pour point of −30° C., a kinematic viscosity of 3.5 mm2/s at 100° C. and a % CA of 0.1% by mass or smaller.
- (2) Over-Based Calcium Sulfonates
- 250TBN: calcium sulfonate having a total base number of 230 mg/KOH.
- 300TBN: calcium sulfonate having a total base number of 330 mg/KOH.
- 400TBN: calcium sulfonate having a total base number of 400 mg/KOH.
- (3) Polybutenylsuccinimides
- High molecular weight Mw2000: a polybutenylsuccinimide having a nitrogen content of 1.5% by mass and no boron atom, in which the average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group was 2,000.
- B-based Mw1000-1: a polybutenylsuccinimide having a nitrogen content of 1.6% by mass and a boron content of 0.4% by mass, in which the average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group was 1,000.
- B-based Mw1000-2: a polybutenylsuccinimide having a nitrogen content of 2.0% by mass and a boron content of 2.0% by mass, in which the average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group was 1,000.
- Low molecular weight Mw1000>: a polybutenylsuccinimide having a nitrogen content of 3.6% by mass and no boron atom, in which the average molecular weight of the polybutenyl group was 500.
- (4) Acidic Phosphorous Acid Ester
- Dioleyl hydrogenphosphite
- (5) Antioxidant
- A combination of a phenol-based antioxidant and an amine-based antioxidant
- (6) Viscosity Index Improver
- A PMA-based viscosity index improver
TABLE 1-1 Comparative Example Example 1 2 3 1 2 3 Composition (% by mass) paraffinic base oil rest rest rest rest rest rest calcium sulfonate 250 TBN — — — — — — 300 TBN — — 3.0 — — — 400 TBN 2.0 2.0 — 1.0 2.0 2.0 polybutenylsuccinimide high molecular weight 2.0 — 2.0 2.0 — — Mw2000 B-based Mw1000-1 — 2.0 — — — — B-based Mw1000-2 — — — — 2.0 — low molecular weight — — — — — 4.5 Mw1000> acidic phosphorous acid ester 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 antioxidant 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 viscosity index improver etc 11*1 11*1 11*1 11*1 11*1 11*1 Elements in additives added to the composition (ppm by mass) Ca 3000 3000 3000 1500 3000 3000 N 300 200 300 300 300 300 P 250 200 250 250 200 250 B 0 100 0 0 350 0 Friction properties by SAE No. 2 test μd 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.14 μs 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.09 0.09 μ ratio 0.92 0.90 0.94 0.94 0.92 0.90 -
TABLE 1-2 Comparative Example 4 5 6 7 8*2 Composition (% by mass) paraffinic base oil rest rest rest rest rest calcium sulfonate 250 TBN 5.0 — — — — 300 TBN — — — — — 400 TBN — 2.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 polybutenylsuccinimide high molecular weight 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 — Mw2000 B-based Mw1000-1 — — — — — B-based Mw1000-2 — — — — — low molecular weight — — — — — Mw1000> acidic phosphorous acid 0.4 — 0.8 0.4 0.4 ester antioxidant 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 viscosity index improver 11*1 11*1 11*1 11*1 11*1 etc Elements in additives added to the composition (ppm by mass) Ca 3000 3000 6000 3000 3000 N 300 300 300 600 0 P 250 0 500 250 250 B 0 0 0 0 0 Friction properties by SAE No. 2 test μd 0.13 0.17 0.17 0.13 0.14 μs 0.08 0.16 0.12 0.09 0.12 μ ratio 0.93 1.05 1.01 0.90 0.95 - As shown in Table 1, the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention all showed μs of 0.12 or greater, exhibiting great transmission torque capacities, and μ ratios of 1.0 or smaller, exhibiting excellent resistance to transmission shock.
- In accordance with the present invention, the lubricating oil composition for automatic transmission which has a great statical friction coefficient (μs), an excellent transmission torque capacity and a friction characteristic having a μ ratio of 1 or smaller, exhibiting excellent resistance to transmission shock on clutching, and achieves the improvement the energy saving property and the decrease in the size and the weight of the automatic transmission, can be provided.
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US20100152080A1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2010-06-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Highly Branched Sulfonates for Drive-Line Applications |
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US20140274835A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Raymond F. Watts | Method of providing high coefficients of friction across oil-lubricating friction clutches |
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JP2003321695A (en) | 2003-11-14 |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: IDEMITSU KOSAN CO., LTD., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WATANABE, NOBUAKI;ICHIHASHI, TOSHIHIKO;YAMANE, TOMONORI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014450/0984 Effective date: 20030718 Owner name: HONDA GIKEN KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WATANABE, NOBUAKI;ICHIHASHI, TOSHIHIKO;YAMANE, TOMONORI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014450/0984 Effective date: 20030718 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |