US20040011077A1 - Cooling method - Google Patents

Cooling method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040011077A1
US20040011077A1 US10/362,383 US36238303A US2004011077A1 US 20040011077 A1 US20040011077 A1 US 20040011077A1 US 36238303 A US36238303 A US 36238303A US 2004011077 A1 US2004011077 A1 US 2004011077A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shelf
cabinet
heat pipe
cooling
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/362,383
Inventor
Graeme Maidment
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
South Bank University Enterprises Ltd
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY ENTERPRISES LTD. reassignment SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY ENTERPRISES LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MAIDMENT, GRAEME G.
Publication of US20040011077A1 publication Critical patent/US20040011077A1/en
Priority to US11/505,078 priority Critical patent/US20060278369A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F3/00—Show cases or show cabinets
    • A47F3/04—Show cases or show cabinets air-conditioned, refrigerated
    • A47F3/0439—Cases or cabinets of the open type
    • A47F3/0443—Cases or cabinets of the open type with forced air circulation
    • A47F3/0447—Cases or cabinets of the open type with forced air circulation with air curtains
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D25/00—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled
    • F25D25/02—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by shelves
    • F25D25/028—Cooled supporting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F25B23/006—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect boiling cooling systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and equipment for keeping articles, particularly foods, cold.
  • a method of cooling articles in a cabinet in which method the articles are positioned on shelf or deck in the cabinet which shelf or deck incorporates a heat pipe at least a part of which heat pipe is cooled.
  • the invention also provides equipment for keeping articles cool which equipment comprises a cabinet incorporating at least one shelf or deck which shelf or deck incorporates a heat pipe there being a means to cool at least part of the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe is used because it is a passive, highly efficient heat transfer mechanism with a reported conductivity equivalent to approximately 500 times that of copper. Heat pipes are robust, simple and maintenance free devices that operate isothermally, require no pumping power and can transfer heat over a long distance. Heat pipes are described in an Article by Dunn P. D. and Reay D. A. (1994) in Heat Pipes 4 th Edition pp 1-3, 100, Elsevier Science Ltd. Oxford UK.
  • the food is placed on the shelf which incorporates the heat pipe and preferably the end of the heat pipe at the rear of the shelf is cooled e.g. by blowing cold air over the pipe from the cabinet's cooling system.
  • the heat pipe cools the shelf and keeps the food cool by conduction from the shelf to the food.
  • the shelf can comprise one flat heat pipe or a series of connected heat pipes.
  • the cooling means is a conventional cooling system in which air is recirculated within the cabinet where it is cooled by a plate fin and tube heat exchanger containing a low temperature refrigerant e.g. with a saturated refrigerant temperature of approximately ⁇ 7° C.
  • the evaporator is in counterflow with the air, which enters the evaporator at approximately 5° C. and leaves at approximately ⁇ 5° C.
  • the shelf is constructed as a heat pipe and positioning through the display area back plate into the supply air duct, which is at approximately ⁇ 5° C.
  • phase change materials incorporated in the shelves or adjacent the shelves so as to provide extra cooling capacitance in case of power or other failure so that the change of phase provides a cooling effect in the case of such failure.
  • the invention can be applied to conventional cabinets by replacing the existing shelves with shelves incorporating heat pipe or pipes and it is a feature of the invention that it can contribute to lower core food temperatures e.g. of up to approximately 2.5 to 3K which would lead to significant reductions in energy and capital costs as well as improvements in food quality and shelf life. Furthermore using heat pipe shelving could result in avoiding electric defrost, which is energy intensive.
  • the invention can be used with any type of cabinet e.g. open fronted, closed cabinets and all types of frozen food cabinets.
  • FIG. 1 shows the principle of operation of the simple heat pipe
  • FIG. 2 shows a conventional cool cabinet
  • FIG. 3 shows a cabinet incorporating the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a shelf in detail
  • a heat pipe comprises a sealed tube ( 1 ) containing a wick ( 2 ) and a working fluid.
  • the working fluid evaporates to form vapour ( 5 ) at heat source ( 4 ) and moves to the heat sink ( 3 ) where it condenses.
  • the wick then returns the condensed liquid to the heat source ( 4 ) by capillary action.
  • a typical cool cabinet comprises an insulated cabinet ( 15 ) with a transparent or open front. At the bottom of the cabinet are an evaporator ( 10 ) and a fan ( 11 ). Food is stored on shelves ( 12 ). In use the fan ( 11 ) blows air over evaporator ( 10 ) which cools the air and cold air e.g. at approximately ⁇ 5° C. passes over the back of the shelves in a duct ( 14 ) and over the food as shown to cool the food. The food is warmed by radiant heat, which is then transferred to the cooling air, which is recirculated over the evaporator to cool it.
  • FIG. 3 the cabinet ( 21 ), evaporator ( 22 ) and fan ( 23 ) are as in FIG. 2, but the shelves are replaced by shelves ( 20 ) incorporating a heat pipe, shown in detail in FIG. 4.
  • the ends of the heat pipes ( 20 a ) protrude through the back of the display section into duct through which cooled air from the evaporator passes.
  • the heat pipe removes heat from the food on shelves ( 20 ) and so aids the convective cooling effect.
  • the air is recirculated as in FIG. 2.
  • the shelves ( 20 ) incorporating a heat pipe ( 23 ) have food ( 21 ) placed on them. Heat from the food is conducted by the heat pipe to the back of the heat pipe ( 20 a ), which is in the cold airflow from evaporator ( 22 ). The heat pipe rapidly conducts heat from the food to the cold part of the heat pipe ( 20 a ) and thus aids the convective cooling of the food.

Abstract

In a display cabinet (21) articles such as food placed on a shelf (20) can be kept cooler by having a heat pipe in the shelf with one end of the heat pipe (20 a) cooled by the cabinet's cooling system (22).

Description

  • The present invention relates to a method and equipment for keeping articles, particularly foods, cold. [0001]
  • When food is displayed which has to be kept cool or cold it can be displayed in a refrigerated cabinet which has an open or glass or transparent plastic front. In conventional cabinets the food is displayed on shelves or decks and is cooled by cold air supplied from within the cabinet. The air is circulated through the cabinet using fans and the bulk of the air is directed into the display area as a jet which forms an air curtain across the cabinet opening. The air is then recirculated within the cabinet where it is cooled by a plate fm and tube heat exchanger containing a low temperature refrigerant with a saturated refrigerant temperature of approximately −7° C. The evaporator is normally in counterflow with the air, which enters the evaporator at approximately 5° C. and leaves at approximately −5° C., the exact temperatures will vary with the make and type of cabinet the temperature variations may be for example ±3K. [0002]
  • It has been found that, in practice it is difficult to maintain display cabinets at low temperatures e.g. below 5° C. and as result food is stored on display at higher temperatures. This is because convection is, however not an effective cooling mechanism. This is due in part to the low heat transfer coefficient caused by low velocity air, but it is also because the air close to the cabinet front is warm due to air ingress. As a result convective cooling systems maintain a large spread of temperatures within the cabinet, with the higher temperature food near to the front opening. Lower food temperatures are achievable with conventional systems, however, this requires the use of lower temperature air, and because of the large temperature spread with the cabinet, low temperature air will lead to localised freezing of some food products and frost damage to food. [0003]
  • Providing more powerful cooling systems, as well as being expensive can lead to local freezing and ice formation so that defrosting is required. [0004]
  • Although the food is normally delivered to the cabinet at the required food storage temperature, cooling is required to offset gains to the food which are purely a result of radiant interchange between the food and the external supermarket/shop environment. The cooling load necessary to offset these gains is only a fraction of that delivered to the cabinet. At best this low heat transfer rate results in excessive energy use, high equipment costs and reduces food shelf life. At worst, the low efficiency can result in failure to meet food hygiene temperatures which can present food safety issues. [0005]
  • It has been proposed to provide significant additional cooling to the food by positioning the food directly in contact with a cold base. This was achieved by siting the food on a base in contact with the evaporator. Significantly increasing heat transfer to the food in this way enables the cabinet to operate more efficiently and results in significant reductions in energy consumption, as well as improvements in food quality/safety. However as most chilled cabinets utilise adjustable shelving, producing conduction by siting the food shelves onto a fixed evaporator surface is not a practical option. [0006]
  • We have now devised a method of providing conductive cooling to the food but still maintaining adjustable shelving. [0007]
  • According to the invention there is provided a method of cooling articles in a cabinet in which method the articles are positioned on shelf or deck in the cabinet which shelf or deck incorporates a heat pipe at least a part of which heat pipe is cooled. [0008]
  • The invention also provides equipment for keeping articles cool which equipment comprises a cabinet incorporating at least one shelf or deck which shelf or deck incorporates a heat pipe there being a means to cool at least part of the heat pipe. [0009]
  • The heat pipe is used because it is a passive, highly efficient heat transfer mechanism with a reported conductivity equivalent to approximately 500 times that of copper. Heat pipes are robust, simple and maintenance free devices that operate isothermally, require no pumping power and can transfer heat over a long distance. Heat pipes are described in an Article by Dunn P. D. and Reay D. A. (1994) in Heat Pipes 4[0010] th Edition pp 1-3, 100, Elsevier Science Ltd. Oxford UK.
  • In use the food is placed on the shelf which incorporates the heat pipe and preferably the end of the heat pipe at the rear of the shelf is cooled e.g. by blowing cold air over the pipe from the cabinet's cooling system. The heat pipe cools the shelf and keeps the food cool by conduction from the shelf to the food. [0011]
  • The shelf can comprise one flat heat pipe or a series of connected heat pipes. [0012]
  • Preferably the cooling means is a conventional cooling system in which air is recirculated within the cabinet where it is cooled by a plate fin and tube heat exchanger containing a low temperature refrigerant e.g. with a saturated refrigerant temperature of approximately −7° C. The evaporator is in counterflow with the air, which enters the evaporator at approximately 5° C. and leaves at approximately −5° C. [0013]
  • In use in a cabinet for keeping food cool there can be conventional convective cooling which is supplemented by conductive heat transfer provided by a shelf cooling mechanism incorporating a heat pipe so that the shelf is used to display the food and also to transfer heat from it to the cabinet supply air duct. [0014]
  • Preferably the shelf is constructed as a heat pipe and positioning through the display area back plate into the supply air duct, which is at approximately −5° C. [0015]
  • There can be phase change materials incorporated in the shelves or adjacent the shelves so as to provide extra cooling capacitance in case of power or other failure so that the change of phase provides a cooling effect in the case of such failure. [0016]
  • The invention can be applied to conventional cabinets by replacing the existing shelves with shelves incorporating heat pipe or pipes and it is a feature of the invention that it can contribute to lower core food temperatures e.g. of up to approximately 2.5 to 3K which would lead to significant reductions in energy and capital costs as well as improvements in food quality and shelf life. Furthermore using heat pipe shelving could result in avoiding electric defrost, which is energy intensive. [0017]
  • The invention can be used with any type of cabinet e.g. open fronted, closed cabinets and all types of frozen food cabinets.[0018]
  • The invention is described in the accompanying drawings in which:—[0019]
  • FIG. 1 shows the principle of operation of the simple heat pipe [0020]
  • FIG. 2 shows a conventional cool cabinet [0021]
  • FIG. 3 shows a cabinet incorporating the invention and [0022]
  • FIG. 4 shows a shelf in detail[0023]
  • Referring to FIG. 1 a heat pipe comprises a sealed tube ([0024] 1) containing a wick (2) and a working fluid. When heat is applied, the working fluid evaporates to form vapour (5) at heat source (4) and moves to the heat sink (3) where it condenses. The wick then returns the condensed liquid to the heat source (4) by capillary action.
  • Referring to FIG. 2 a typical cool cabinet comprises an insulated cabinet ([0025] 15) with a transparent or open front. At the bottom of the cabinet are an evaporator (10) and a fan (11). Food is stored on shelves (12). In use the fan (11) blows air over evaporator (10) which cools the air and cold air e.g. at approximately −5° C. passes over the back of the shelves in a duct (14) and over the food as shown to cool the food. The food is warmed by radiant heat, which is then transferred to the cooling air, which is recirculated over the evaporator to cool it.
  • Referring to FIG. 3 the cabinet ([0026] 21), evaporator (22) and fan (23) are as in FIG. 2, but the shelves are replaced by shelves (20) incorporating a heat pipe, shown in detail in FIG. 4. The ends of the heat pipes (20 a) protrude through the back of the display section into duct through which cooled air from the evaporator passes. As well as the cooling effect of the air, the heat pipe removes heat from the food on shelves (20) and so aids the convective cooling effect. The air is recirculated as in FIG. 2.
  • Referring to FIG. 4 the shelves ([0027] 20) incorporating a heat pipe (23) have food (21) placed on them. Heat from the food is conducted by the heat pipe to the back of the heat pipe (20 a), which is in the cold airflow from evaporator (22). The heat pipe rapidly conducts heat from the food to the cold part of the heat pipe (20 a) and thus aids the convective cooling of the food.

Claims (12)

1. Equipment for keeping articles cool which equipment comprises a cabinet incorporating at least one shelf or deck which shelf or deck incorporates a heat pipe there being a means to cool at least part of the heat pipe.
2. Equipment as claimed in claim 1 in which there are cooling means to cool the end of the heat pipe at the rear of the shelf or deck remote from the front of the cabinet.
3. Equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in which the cooling means are means for by blowing cold air over the pipe from a cooling system.
4. Equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the shelf or deck is constructed as a heat pipe which is positioned through the display area back plate into a duct for the supply for cooled air.
5. Equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in which there are means to recirculate the air within the cabinet and the cooling means is a tube heat exchanger containing a low temperature refrigerant incorporating an evaporator which evaporator is in counterflow with the air.
6. Equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 in which there is a convective cooling means which is supplemented by conductive heat transfer provided by a shelf cooling mechanism incorporating the heat pipe, the shelf being adapted to display an article placed upon it and to transfer heat from it to the cabinet cooling means.
7. A method of cooling articles in a cabinet in which method the articles are positioned on shelf or deck in the cabinet which shelf or deck incorporates a heat pipe at least a part of which heat pipe is cooled.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7 for cooling food in which the article is placed on the shelf which incorporates the heat pipe and the end of the heat pipe at the rear of the shelf remote from the front of the cabinet is cooled.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8 in which the end of the heat pipe is cooled by blowing cold air over the pipe from a cooling means in the cabinet.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9 in which the cooling means is a cooling system in which air is recirculated within the cabinet where it is cooled by a plate fin and tube heat exchanger containing a low temperature refrigerant and the evaporator is in counterflow with the air.
11. A method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10 in which there is convective cooling which is supplemented by conductive heat transfer provided by the shelf cooling mechanism incorporating a heat pipe and the shelf is used to display the food and also to transfer heat from it to the cabinet cooling means.
12. Equipment for cooling articles as claimed in claim 1 as hereinbefore described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
US10/362,383 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Cooling method Abandoned US20040011077A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/505,078 US20060278369A1 (en) 2000-08-17 2006-08-16 Cooling method

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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GB0020171.5 2000-08-17
GBGB0020171.5A GB0020171D0 (en) 2000-08-17 2000-08-17 Cooling method
PCT/GB2001/003675 WO2002015752A1 (en) 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Cooling method

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US11/505,078 Abandoned US20060278369A1 (en) 2000-08-17 2006-08-16 Cooling method

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EP (1) EP1309261B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004506463A (en)
AT (1) ATE349935T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2001278621A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60125779T2 (en)
GB (1) GB0020171D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2002015752A1 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007053148A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-10 Carrier Corroration Refrigerated merchandiser and shelf therefor
US7232836B2 (en) 2001-08-13 2007-06-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Arthropodicidal anthranilamides
US7696232B2 (en) 2001-09-21 2010-04-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Anthranilamide arthropodicide treatment
WO2012161718A1 (en) * 2011-05-26 2012-11-29 Viking Cold Solutions, Inc. Cold storage rack system with overhead pcm support
US9016070B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2015-04-28 Whirlpool Corporation Phase change materials for refrigeration and ice making
US20150297000A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-10-22 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Refrigerated Display Case with Temperature Controlled Shelves
CN107249400A (en) * 2014-12-23 2017-10-13 火石工程有限公司 Heat transfer unit (HTU)
US10240850B1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2019-03-26 Joseph P. Stine Supplemental refrigeration heat sink and related systems and methods

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DE102007042240B3 (en) * 2007-09-06 2009-02-05 Caverion Gmbh Method and device for air conditioning a showcase
JP5241414B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2013-07-17 三洋電機株式会社 Image display device
SG185344A1 (en) 2008-10-17 2012-11-29 Nestec Sa Whey protein compositions, methods and uses
US9532661B2 (en) 2011-06-30 2017-01-03 Pepsico, Inc. Modular refrigerated merchandise display system
US20130002099A1 (en) * 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Pepsico, Inc. Modular Refrigerated Merchandise Display System
CN104223854A (en) * 2014-09-16 2014-12-24 湖南大学 Novel refrigerated display cabinet

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US6427761B1 (en) * 1997-07-16 2002-08-06 Societe De Constructions De Material Metallique Et Electrique-Socamel Meal tray with chemical heating and cooling
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US5846703A (en) * 1990-05-15 1998-12-08 Diatron Corporation Fluorescence immunoassays using fluorescent dyes free of aggregation and serum binding
US5201364A (en) * 1990-09-17 1993-04-13 Tippmann Vincent P Apparatus for heating and cooling food articles having removable plates with fluid sealed therein
US5404935A (en) * 1991-05-31 1995-04-11 Beltec International Cabinet-style apparatus for transferring heat to food and cooling food
US5797445A (en) * 1992-11-23 1998-08-25 Standex International Corporation Refrigerated rethermalization cart
US5975202A (en) * 1995-09-08 1999-11-02 Grandi; Rene Mobile trolley for distributing hot and cold meal trays having warming-up and refrigeration capacities
US6220338B1 (en) * 1997-05-12 2001-04-24 Italinnova S.A.S. Installation for the cold storage with localized reheating of food on meal trays
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7232836B2 (en) 2001-08-13 2007-06-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Arthropodicidal anthranilamides
US7696232B2 (en) 2001-09-21 2010-04-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Anthranilamide arthropodicide treatment
WO2007053148A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2007-05-10 Carrier Corroration Refrigerated merchandiser and shelf therefor
WO2012161718A1 (en) * 2011-05-26 2012-11-29 Viking Cold Solutions, Inc. Cold storage rack system with overhead pcm support
US9016070B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2015-04-28 Whirlpool Corporation Phase change materials for refrigeration and ice making
US10107542B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2018-10-23 Whirlpool Corporation Phase change materials for refrigeration and ice making
US10240850B1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2019-03-26 Joseph P. Stine Supplemental refrigeration heat sink and related systems and methods
US20150297000A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-10-22 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Refrigerated Display Case with Temperature Controlled Shelves
CN107249400A (en) * 2014-12-23 2017-10-13 火石工程有限公司 Heat transfer unit (HTU)
US20180008061A1 (en) * 2014-12-23 2018-01-11 Flint Engineering Ltd Heat transfer apparatus
US10687635B2 (en) * 2014-12-23 2020-06-23 Flint Engineering Limited Heat transfer apparatus
AU2015370651B2 (en) * 2014-12-23 2021-02-25 Flint Engineering Ltd Heat transfer apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
US20060278369A1 (en) 2006-12-14
EP1309261B1 (en) 2007-01-03
WO2002015752A1 (en) 2002-02-28
DE60125779T2 (en) 2007-05-24
EP1309261A1 (en) 2003-05-14
JP2004506463A (en) 2004-03-04
AU2001278621A1 (en) 2002-03-04
DE60125779D1 (en) 2007-02-15
GB0020171D0 (en) 2000-10-04
ATE349935T1 (en) 2007-01-15

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Owner name: SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY ENTERPRISES LTD., UNITED KIN

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Effective date: 20030314

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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