US20040063727A1 - 6-Substituted biaryl purine derivatives as potent cyclin/cdk inhibitors and antiproliferative agents - Google Patents
6-Substituted biaryl purine derivatives as potent cyclin/cdk inhibitors and antiproliferative agents Download PDFInfo
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- US20040063727A1 US20040063727A1 US10/640,154 US64015403A US2004063727A1 US 20040063727 A1 US20040063727 A1 US 20040063727A1 US 64015403 A US64015403 A US 64015403A US 2004063727 A1 US2004063727 A1 US 2004063727A1
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- compound
- mmol
- chain alkyl
- nhc
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Classifications
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- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D473/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems with oxygen, sulphur, or nitrogen atoms directly attached in positions 2 and 6 one nitrogen and one sulfur atom
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compounds that are shown to be potent cyclin/cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors.
- cdk cyclin/cyclin dependent kinase
- Such compounds can be used to treat the following conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, cancer, restenosis, gout and other proliferative diseases involving abnormal cellular proliferation.
- Compounds of the present invention which are biaryl substituted purine derivatives are shown to be potent antiproliferative agents against a number of human transformed cell lines, and also inhibitors of human cyclin/cdk kinase complexes.
- cdks regulate molecular events in the cell by facilitating the transfer of the terminal phosphate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a substrate protein.
- Isolated cdks require association with a second subunit, called cyclins (Desai et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 15:345-350 (1995)). Cyclins cause conformational changes at the cdk active site, allowing ATP access and interaction with the substrate protein.
- Cip family of cdk inhibitors form a ternary complex with the cyclin/cdk and require binding to cyclinA, cyclinE, or cyclinD (Hall, M., et al., Oncogene, 11:1581-1588 (1995)).
- Ink family members form a binary complex with cdk4 or cdk6 and prevent binding to cyclinD (Parry, D.; et al., EMBO J., 14:503-511 (1995)).
- E G1 to S cdk2 breast cancer Keytomarsi, K., et al., Cancer Res. , 54:380-385 (1994)) gastric carcinoma (Akama, Y.; et al., Jap. J. Cancer Res. , 86:617-621 (1995)) colorectal carcinoma (Kitihara, K.; et al., Int. J. Cancer , 62:25-28 (1995))
- Tumors with elevated cyclin/cdk activity are prime targets for potential therapies based on small molecule cyclin/cdk inhibitors.
- small molecule inhibitors of cyclin/cdks are reported (Meijer, L., et al., “Progress in Cell Cycle Research,” Plenum Press: New York, 351-363 (1995)) and appear to bind at the ATP site of the kinase.
- PKC serine kinase
- the compounds of the present invention are represented by the chemical structure found in Formula I
- heterocycles including:
- substituted heterocycle wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R 1 , C(O)CH 3 ;
- R 3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 3 and R 4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
- n 0-3;
- R 5 C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl
- R 6 C 1 -C 4 -straight chain alkyl
- R 1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 2 phenyl
- substituted phenyl wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R 1 , OR 1 , SR 1 , S(O)R 1 , S(O 2 )R 1 , NHR 1 , NO 2 , OC(O)CH 3 , NHC(O)CH 3 , F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , C(O)R 1 , C(O)NHR 1 , phenyl, C(O)NHCHR 1 CH 2 OH;
- heterocycles including:
- substituted heterocycle wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R 1 , C(O)CH 3 ;
- R 6 C 1 -C 4 -straight chain alkyl
- the present invention is also directed to a process for preparation of a purine derivative compound of the formula:
- R 2 phenyl
- substituted phenyl wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from R 1 , OR 1 , SR 1 , S(O)R 1 , S(O 2 )R 1 , NHR 1 , NO 2 , OC(O)CH 3 , NHC(O)CH 3 , F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , C(O)R 1 , C(O)NHR 1 , phenyl, C(O)NHCHR 1 CH 2 OH;
- R 3 and R 4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
- n 0-3;
- R 5 C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl
- R 6 C 1 -C 4 -straight chain alkyl
- Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a process for preparation of a purine derivative compound of the formula:
- R 1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 2 phenyl
- heterocycles including:
- substituted heterocycle wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are selected from Br, Cl, F, R 1 , C(O)CH 3 ;
- R 3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 3 and R 4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
- n 0-3;
- R 5 C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl
- the compounds of the present invention show significantly improved growth inhibition of human transformed cell lines and/or cyclin/cdk inhibition relative to compounds of the prior art. These compounds have been demonstrated to be potent growth inhibitors in dozens of human transformed cell lines. Olomoucine, a structurally related purine derivative, is a poor human transformed cell growth inhibition agent with G150 values in the 20,000-100,000 nM range over 60-transformed cell lines. By contrast, the compounds of the present invention demonstrate GI 50 values over 60-transformed cell lines in the ⁇ 10-25,000 nM range, preferably in the ⁇ 10-100 nM range over 60-transformed cell lines, and, most preferably, ⁇ 10 nM across 60-human transformed cell lines. This finding is unexpected from the prior art, which specifically teaches that compounds of the present invention would not be potent human transformed cell line growth inhibitors.
- the R 2 group in Formula I imparts unexpected and significant improvement in growth inhibition in human transformed cell lines, while substitution of various groups at R 3 and R 4 found in Formula I impart important features that contribute to cyclin/cdk inhibition and growth inhibition of human transformed cell lines. Specifically, the combination of the R 2 group and the substitutions within R 3 and R 4 result in compounds with superior biological activity.
- Compounds which are cyclin/cdk inhibitors and/or human transformed cell line growth inhibitors have utility in treating human proliferative cellular disorders.
- R 1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- substituted phenyl wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R 1 , OR 1 , SR 1 , S(O)R 1 , S(O 2 )R 1 , NHR 1 , NO 2 , OC(O)CH 3 , NHC(O)CH 3 , F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , C(O)R 1 , C(O)NHR 1 , phenyl, C(O)NHCHR 1 CH 2 OH;
- heterocycles including:
- substituted heterocycle wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R 1 , C(O)CH 3 ;
- R 3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 3 and R 4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring
- n 0-3;
- the compounds of the current invention are represented by the chemical structure found in Formula III.
- R 1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 2 phenyl
- substituted phenyl wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R 1 , OR 1 , SR 1 , S(O)R 1 , S(O 2 )R 1 , NHR 1 , NO 2 , OC(O)CH 3 , NHC(O)CH 3 , F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , C(O)R 1 , C(O)NHR 1 , phenyl, C(O)NHCHR 1 CH 2 OH;
- heterocycles including:
- substituted heterocycle wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R 1 , C(O)CH 3 ;
- R 6 C 1 -C 4 -straight chain alkyl
- the present invention is directed to a method for inhibiting cellular proliferation in mammals comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the present invention to the mammal.
- the compounds of the present invention can be administered orally, parenterally, for example, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, by intranasal instillation, or by application to mucous membranes, such as, that of the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes. They may be administered alone or with suitable pharmaceutical carriers, and can be in solid or liquid form such as, tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions, or emulsions.
- the compounds of the present invention are useful as antineoplastic agents. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are useful for inhibiting the growth of neoplastic cells, causing cell death of neoplastic cells, and eradicating neoplastic cells.
- the compounds of the present invention are, therefore, useful for treating solid tumors, including sarcomas and carcinomas, such as astrocytomas, prostate cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, and ovarian cancer, leukemias, lymphomas, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and other neoplastic disease states.
- the active compounds of the present invention may be orally administered, for example, with an inert diluent, or with an assimilable edible carrier or they may be enclosed in hard or soft shell capsules, or they may be compressed into tablets, or they may be incorporated directly with the food of the diet.
- these active compounds may be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, and the like.
- Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 0.1% of active compound.
- the percentage of the compound in these compositions may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 2% to about 60% of the weight of the unit.
- the amount of active compound in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that a suitable dosage will be obtained.
- Preferred compositions according to the present invention are prepared so that an oral dosage unit contains between about 1 and 250 mg of active compound.
- the tablets, capsules, and the like may also contain a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch, or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose, or saccharin.
- a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch, or gelatin
- excipients such as dicalcium phosphate
- a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid
- a lubricant such as magnesium stearate
- a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose, or saccharin.
- a liquid carrier such as a fatty oil.
- tablets may be coated with shellac, sugar, or both.
- a syrup may contain, in addition to active ingredient, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye, and flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor.
- These active compounds may also be administered parenterally. Solutions or suspensions of these active compounds can be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxypropylcellulose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof in oils. Illustrative oils are those of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin, for example, peanut oil, soybean oil, or mineral oil. In general, water, saline, aqueous dextrose and related sugar solution, and glycols such as, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, are preferred liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
- the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
- the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
- the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
- the compounds of the present invention may also be administered directly to the airways in the form of an aerosol.
- the compounds of the present invention in solution or suspension may be packaged in a pressurized aerosol container together with suitable propellants, for example, hydrocarbon propellants like propane, butane, or isobutane with conventional adjuvants.
- suitable propellants for example, hydrocarbon propellants like propane, butane, or isobutane with conventional adjuvants.
- suitable propellants for example, hydrocarbon propellants like propane, butane, or isobutane with conventional adjuvants.
- the materials of the present invention also may be administered in a non-pressurized form such as in a nebulizer or atomizer.
- the compounds of the present invention can be prepared by conventional methods of organic synthesis practiced by those skilled in the art.
- the general reaction sequences outlined below are general methods useful for preparing the compounds of the present invention and are not meant to be limiting in scope or utility.
- Transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reaction of purines of Formula IX with boronic acid (R 2 —B(OH) 2 ) or tin reagents (R 2 —Sn(n-Bu) 3 or R 2 —SnMe 3 ) provides purines of Formula X.
- R 1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 2 phenyl
- substituted phenyl wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R 1 , OR 1 , SR 1 , S(O)R 1 , S(O 2 )R 1 , NHR 1 , NO 2 , OC(O)CH 3 , NHC(O)CH 3 , F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , C(O)R 1 , C(O)NHR 1 , phenyl, C(O)NHCHR 1 CH 2 OH;
- heterocycles including:
- substituted heterocycle wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R 1 , C(O)CH 3 ;
- R 3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 3 and R 4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring
- n 0-3;
- R 6 C 1 -C 4 -straight chain alkyl
- Reaction of purines of Formula XVI with alkyl halides (R 1 -Z) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate provides N1-alkylated purines of Formula XVII.
- Chloride displacement of purines of Formula XVII with amines of Formula VIII in an inert solvent such as ethanol or butanol at an appropriate temperature provides purines of Formula XVIII.
- R 1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 2 phenyl
- substituted phenyl wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R 1 , OR 1 , SR 1 , S(O)R 1 , S(O 2 )R 1 , NHR 1 , NO 2 , OC(O)CH 3 , NHC(O)CH 3 , F, Cl, Br, CF 3 , C(O)R 1 , C(O)NHR 1 , phenyl, C(O)NHCHR 1 CH 2 OH;
- heterocycles including:
- substituted heterocycle wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R 1 , C(O)CH 3 ;
- R 3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- R 3 and R 4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring
- n 0-3;
- R 6 C 1 -C 4 -straight chain alkyl
- Proton NMR spectra were obtained on a Bruker AC 300 spectrometer at 300 MHz or a Bruker 500 MHz spectrometer and were referenced to tetramethylsilane as an internal standard.
- the IR spectrometer used was a single beam Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 1000 FT-IR. All IR spectra obtained were prepared in a pressed disc of KBr. All IR spectra obtained were acquired with a total of 4 accumulations at a resolution of 4.00 cm ⁇ 1 . Melting points were obtained on a Mel-Temp II apparatus and are uncorrected. Mass spectra were obtained on either a Shimadzu QP-5000 or a PE Sciex API 150 Mass Spectrometer.
- Amine 61 (53 mg, 0.12 mmol) was dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 (2 mL) and pyridine (5 mL). Acetic anhydride (0.05 g, 0.53 mmol) and DMAP (few crystals) were added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2.25 h.
- trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (2.00 g, 17 mmol) and EtOH (4 mL).
- the reagents were heated in a sealed tube in an oil bath at 170° C. for 18 h.
- the mixture was cooled to 60° C. and partitioned between EtOAc and brine.
- the mixture was stirred under argon and refluxed for 19 h then stirred at room temperature for 22 h.
- the reaction mixture was diluted with H 2 O, extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 , washed with brine. The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 and evaporated.
- a stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH 2 Cl 2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac 2 O (0.16 mL). To this stock solution (1.5 mL) was added compound 95 (0.01 g, 0.02 mmol) followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 26 h.
- a stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH 2 Cl 2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac 2 O (0.16 mL). To this stock solution (1.5 mL) was added compound 13 (0.01 g, 0.02 mmol) followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h.
- a stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH 2 Cl 2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac 2 O (0.16 mL). To this solution (1.5 mL) was added compound 98 (0.01 g, 0.02 mmol), followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h.
- a stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH 2 Cl 2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac 2 O (0.16 mL). To compound 14 (0.02 g, 0.03 mmol) was added this solution (2 mL), followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 3 h.
- a stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH 2 Cl 2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac 2 O (0.16 mL). To the solution (3.1 mL) was added compound 103 (0.02 g, 0.04 mmol), followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2.5 h.
- a stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH 2 Cl 2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac 2 O (0.16 mL). To this solution (5.6 mL) was added compound 107 (0.04 g, 0.09 mmol), followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 , washed with 2N HCl until acidic, the organic layer was washed with NaHCO 3 , dried over MgSO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to give a white solid (16 mg).
- reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with H 2 O (50 mL) and extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (3 ⁇ 50 mL). The organic phase was washed with H 2 O (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
- CyclinA/cdk2 and cyclinE/cdk2 assays were carried out with cyclin/cdk complexes isolated from HeLa S-3 suspension cultures.
- HeLa cells were grown in spinner flasks at 37° C. in Joklik's modified minimum essential media (MEM) supplemented with 7% horse serum. After growing in medium supplemented with 2 mM thymidine for 16-18 h, cultures were arrested at the G1/S border and cyclinA/cdk2 and cyclinE/cdk2 were isolated from cell lysates by immunoprecipitation with antibodies specifically directed against each cyclin subunit.
- MEM Joklik's modified minimum essential media
- cyclinA H-432
- HE111 mouse monoclonal antibody against cyclinE
- lysis buffer 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 250 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40 plus protease and phosphatase inhibitors
- centrifuged 10,000 ⁇ g to remove insoluble material.
- cyclin/cdk complexes 1 ⁇ g of anti-cyclin antibody was incubated with lysate from 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells for 1 h at 4° C. Protein A-coated agarose beads were then added for 1 h to collect antibody-bound immune complexes.
- the immobilized cyclin/cdk complexes were then washed 4 ⁇ with lysis buffer to reduce nonspecific protein binding.
- the complexes were then washed 1 ⁇ in kinase assay buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM DTT) and aliquoted into individual assay tubes.
- kinase assay buffer 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM DTT
- HeLa cells are blocked at the G1/S border by culturing in the presence of 2 mM thymidine for 20 h. The cells are then rinsed 3 ⁇ in phosphate buffered saline and resuspended in regular medium. After 4 h of culture, the mitotic blocker, nocodazole is added to a final concentration of 75 ng/ml.
- the cells are harvested by centrifugation, washed in PBS, and lysed in cold Lysis Buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 250 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 1 mM DTT, 25 ⁇ g/ml leupeptin, 25 ⁇ g/ml aprotinin, 15 ⁇ g/ml benzamidine, 1 mM PMSF, 50 mM sodium fluoride, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate) for 15 min at 1 ⁇ 10 7 cells/ml. The lysate is then clarified by centrifugation at 10,000 ⁇ g for 10 min. The supernatant is collected and diluted 1:5 with Lysis Buffer.
- Lysis Buffer 50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 250 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 1 mM DTT, 25 ⁇ g/ml leupeptin, 25 ⁇ g/ml aprotinin, 15 ⁇ g/ml benzamidine
- Monoclonal antibody against cyclinB. (GNS1) is added to the supernatant to a final concentration of 5 ⁇ g/ml and shaken at 4° C. for 2 h.
- the immune complexes are then collected by the addition of 200 ⁇ l of protein agarose beads for 1 h. The beads are washed 4 ⁇ in lysis buffer and 1 ⁇ in kinase assay buffer.
- CyclinA/cdk2 assays were carried out with complexes isolated from 0.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells.
- CyclinE/cdk2 assays were carried out with complexes isolated from 4 ⁇ 10 6 cells.
- CyclinB/cdk1 assays were carried out with complexes isolated from 4 ⁇ 10 4 cells.
- the wash buffer was removed and the complexes resuspended in 15 ⁇ l of kinase assay buffer (kinase wash buffer+167 ⁇ g/ml histone H1).
- Compounds being tested for inhibition were added prior to the addition of [ ⁇ 32 p] ATP to a final concentration of 15 ⁇ M.
- the tubes were incubated at 30° C.
- test compounds Prior to the protein kinase assay, test compounds were dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 25 mM and were diluted to produce final concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 ⁇ M in the kinase assays. To eliminate possible effects of differences in DMSO concentration, the DMSO was kept constant at 0.04%, including the control reaction. Duplicate assays were performed at each concentration. The activity was plotted as the percent of activity in the absence of added test compound versus test compound concentration. IC 50 values were calculated using GraphPad Prism data analysis software.
- GI 50 Growth inhibition (GI 50 ) values were measured with HeLa S-3 cells selected for growth on plastic. The procedure was based on the protocol of Skehan et al. (Skehan, P., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 82:1107-1112 (1990), which is hereby incorporated by reference) HeLa cells were plated at 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells/well in 96 well plates. One day later, a control plate was fixed by addition of TCA to 5%. After five rinses with tap water the plate was air dried and stored at 4° C. Test compounds were added to the remaining plates at 10-fold dilutions between 0.01 and 100 ⁇ M. Two days later all plates were fixed as described above.
- SRB sulforhodamine B
- IC 50 IC 50 IC 50 GI 50 HeLa CyclinA/cdk2 CyclinE/cdk2 CyclinB/cdk1 Cells Compound Structure ( ⁇ M) ( ⁇ M) ( ⁇ M) ( ⁇ M) Olomoucine 0.5-24 (n > 10) 1-14 (n > 10) 7-23 (n > 10) 75 Roscovitine 2.1 4 3 0.04 0.7 — 30 25 30 >10 25 Flavopiridol 0.06 0.2 0.6 0.04 0.06 (n 2) 0.18 125 1 0.1 0.6 3 126 0.6 0.8 0.06 0.06 2 0.2 2 4 6 74 5 2 6 0.2 0.01 0.05 127 0.3-2 (n > 15) 0.04-0.07 (n > 15) 0.5-2 (n > 15) 7-15 (n > 15) 88 3 4 >10 0.1 0.05 0.04
- GI 50 In Vitro Growth Inhibition (GI 50 ) of NCI Human Transformed Cell Lines of Several Compounds of the Current Invention and Olomoucine.
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Abstract
The present invention is directed to compounds useful in inhibiting cellular proliferation. Processes of preparing such compounds are also disclosed.
Description
- This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/124,829, filed Mar. 17, 1999.
- The present invention relates to compounds that are shown to be potent cyclin/cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors. Compounds with these properties are shown to be potent inhibitors of cell growth and proliferation. Such compounds can be used to treat the following conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, cancer, restenosis, gout and other proliferative diseases involving abnormal cellular proliferation. Compounds of the present invention which are biaryl substituted purine derivatives are shown to be potent antiproliferative agents against a number of human transformed cell lines, and also inhibitors of human cyclin/cdk kinase complexes.
- Cellular Proliferation and Cancer.
- The disruption of external or internal regulation of cellular growth can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and in cancer, tumor formation. This loss of control can occur at many levels and, indeed, does occur at multiple levels in most tumors. Further, although tumor cells can no longer control their own proliferation, they still must use the same basic cellular machinery employed by normal cells to drive their growth and replication.
- Cyclin Dependent Kinases and Cell Cycle Regulation.
- Progression of the normal cell cycle from the G1 to S phase, and from the G2 phase to M phase is dependent on cdks (Sherr, C. J.,Science 274:1672-1677 (1996)). Like other kinases, cdks regulate molecular events in the cell by facilitating the transfer of the terminal phosphate of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a substrate protein. Isolated cdks require association with a second subunit, called cyclins (Desai et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 15:345-350 (1995)). Cyclins cause conformational changes at the cdk active site, allowing ATP access and interaction with the substrate protein. The balance between its rates of synthesis and degradation controls the level of each cyclin at any point in the cycle (Elledge, S. J., et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1377:M61-M70 (1998)). The influences of cyclin/cdk activity on the cell cycle and cellular transformation are summarized in Table 1.
- Abnormal Cyclin/cdk Activity in Cancer.
- In a normal cell, interlocking pathways respond to the cell's external environment and internal checkpoints monitor conditions within the cell to control the activity of cyclin/cdk complexes. A reasonable hypothesis is that the disruption of normal control of cyclin/cdk activity may result in uncontrolled proliferation. This hypothesis appears to hold in a number of tumor types in which cyclins are expressed at elevated levels (Table 1). Mutations in the genes encoding negative regulators (proteins) of cyclin/cdk activity are also found in tumors (Larsen, C.-J.,Prog. Cell Cycle Res., 3:109-124 (1997)); (Kamb, A., Trends in Genetics, 11:136-140 (1995)). Members of the Cip family of cdk inhibitors form a ternary complex with the cyclin/cdk and require binding to cyclinA, cyclinE, or cyclinD (Hall, M., et al., Oncogene, 11:1581-1588 (1995)). In contrast, Ink family members form a binary complex with cdk4 or cdk6 and prevent binding to cyclinD (Parry, D.; et al., EMBO J., 14:503-511 (1995)).
TABLE 1 Associations Among Cyclins and Cancers Cyclin Cell Cycle Role Associated cdk Cancer A S, G2 to M cdk1, cdk2 hepatocellular carcinoma (Wang, J.; et al., Oncogene, 8:1653-1656 (1992)) B1/B2 G2 to M cdk1 none yet defined D1 G1 cdk4, cdk6 parathyroid adenoma (Motokura, T., et al., Nature, 350:512-515 (1991)) centrocytic B cell lymphoma (Withers, D.A., et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 11:4846- 4853 (1991)) esophageal carcinoma (Jiang, W., et al., Cancer Res., 52:2980-2983 (1992)) breast cancer (Dickson, C., et al., Cancer Lett., 90:43-50 (1995)) squamous cell carcinoma (Bartkova, J., et al., Cancer Res., 55:949-956 (1995)) hepatocellular carcinoma (Nishida, N., et al., Cancer Res., 54:3107-3110 (1994)) D2 G1 cdk4, cdk6 colorectal carcinoma (Leach, F.S., et al., Cancer Res., 53:1986-1989 (1993)) E G1 to S cdk2 breast cancer (Keytomarsi, K., et al., Cancer Res., 54:380-385 (1994)) gastric carcinoma (Akama, Y.; et al., Jap. J. Cancer Res., 86:617-621 (1995)) colorectal carcinoma (Kitihara, K.; et al., Int. J. Cancer, 62:25-28 (1995)) - Inhibitors of Cyclin/cdk Complexes as Potential Anticancer Agents.
- Tumors with elevated cyclin/cdk activity, whether from the over expression of cyclins or the loss of an endogenous cdk inhibitor, are prime targets for potential therapies based on small molecule cyclin/cdk inhibitors. In fact, several small molecule inhibitors of cyclin/cdks are reported (Meijer, L., et al., “Progress in Cell Cycle Research,”Plenum Press: New York, 351-363 (1995)) and appear to bind at the ATP site of the kinase. Some information is known about small molecule inhibitors of other kinases, such as PKC (serine kinase) (Murray, K. J. et al., “Ann. Rep. Med. Chem.,” J. Bristol, Ed., Academic Press, Inc.: New York, Chapter 26 (1994)) and tyrosine kinases (Fantl, W. J., et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem., 62:453 (1993); Burke, T. R., Drugs of the Future, 17:119-1131 (1992); Dobrusin, E. M. et al., “Ann. Rep. Med. Chem,” J. Bristol, Ed., Academic Press, Inc.: New York, Chapter 18 (1992); Spence, P., Curr. Opin. Ther. Patents, 3:3 (1993)). A number of known inhibitors were obtained from commercial sources or were synthesized by literature procedures.
- Purine Compounds as Cyclin/cdk Inhibitors.
- There are several reports of 2,6-diamino substituted purine derivatives as cyclin/cdk inhibitors and as inhibitors of cellular proliferation. Among those are reports by U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,137 to Coe, et al., olomoucine (Vesely, J., et al.,Eur. J. Biochem., 224:771-786 (1994)), roscovitine (Meijer, L., Eur. J. Biochem., 243:527-536 (1997)), WO 97/16452 to Zimmerman, Imbach, P., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 9:91-96 (1999), Norman, T. C., et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 118:7430-7431 (1996), Gray, N. S., et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 38:1161-1164 (1997), Gray, N. S., et al., Science, 281:533-538 (1998), WO 98/05335 to Lum, et al., Schow, S. R., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett, 7:2697-2702 (1997), U.S. Pat. No., 5,886,702 to Mackman, et al., Nugiel, D. A., et al., J. Org. Chem., 62:201-203 (1997), and Fiorini, M. T. et al., Tetrahedron Lett, 39:1827-1830 (1998). Many of these reported compounds are shown to inhibit cyclin/cdk complexes and have modest cellular proliferation inhibition properties.
- The compounds of the present invention are shown to have far superior biological activities as cyclin/cdk complex inhibitors as well as inhibitors of cellular proliferation compared to those previously reported. In fact, the art (e.g., Fiorini, M. T. et al.,Tetrahedron Lett, 39:1827-1830 (1998)) teaches away from compounds of this invention, claiming lack of cellular proliferation inhibition.
- The compounds of the present invention are 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine derivatives which are inhibitors of cyclin/cdk complexes. The compounds of the current invention also are potent inhibitors of human cellular proliferation. As such, the compounds of the present invention constitute pharmaceutical compositions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Such compounds are useful in inhibiting cellular proliferation in a mammal by administering to such mammal an effective amount of the compound.
-
- wherein:
- R1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- X=N;
- CH;
- R2=phenyl;
- substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
- 1-naphthyl;
- 2-naphthyl;
- heterocycles including:
- 2-pyridyl;
- 3-pyridyl;
- 4-pyridyl;
- 5-pyrimidyl;
- thiophene-2-yl;
- thiophene-3-yl;
- 2-furanyl;
- 3-furanyl;
- 2-benzofuranyl;
- benzothiophene-2-yl;
- 2-pyrrolyl;
- 3-pyrrolyl;
- 2-quinolinyl;
- 3-quinolinyl;
- 4-quinolinyl;
- 1-isoquinolinyl;
- 3-isoquinolinyl;
- 4-isoquinolinyl;
- substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R1, C(O)CH3;
- R3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
- (CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2;
- R4=H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- R3 and R4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
- n=0-3;
- Y=H;
- OR1;
- NHR1;
- NHC(O)R3;
- NHSO2R3;
- NHC(O)NHR3;
- NHC(O)R5;
- NHC(O)OR6;
- R5=C3-C7-cycloalkyl;
- R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
- (CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2;
- or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
- with the proviso that when R1=CH(CH3)2, and R2=Ph, and X=CH, then R3≠H, and n≠0, and R4≠H, and Y≠OH.
-
- wherein:
- R1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- X=N;
- CH;
- R2=phenyl;
- substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
- heterocycles including:
- 2-pyridyl;
- 3-pyridyl;
- 4-pyridyl;
- 5-pyrimidyl;
- thiophene-2-yl;
- thiophene-3-yl;
- 2-furanyl;
- 3-furanyl;
- 2-benzofuranyl;
- benzothiophene-2-yl;
- 2-pyrrolyl;
- 3-pyrrolyl;
- 2-quinolinyl;
- 3-quinolinyl;
- 4-quinolinyl;
- 1-isoquinolinyl;
- 3-isoquinolinyl;
- 4-isoquinolinyl;
- substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R1, C(O)CH3;
- Y=OR1;
- NHR1;
- NHC(O)R1;
- NHSO2R1;
- NHC(O)NHR1;
- NHC(O)OR6; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
- R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
-
- wherein:
- R1=H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- X=N;
- CH;
- R2=phenyl;
- substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
- 1-naphthyl;
- 2-naphthyl;
- heterocycles including:
- 2-pyridyl;
- 3-pyridyl;
- 4-pyridyl;
- 5-pyrimidyl;
- thiophene-2-yl;
- thiophene-3-yl;
- 2-furanyl;
- 3-furanyl;
- 2-benzofuranyl;
- benzothiophene-2-yl;
- 2-pyrrolyl;
- 3-pyrrolyl;
- 2-quinolinyl;
- 3-quinolinyl;
- 4-quinolinyl;
- 1-isoquinolinyl;
- 3-isoquinolinyl;
- 4-isoquinolinyl;
- substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents are in any position and are selected from Br, Cl, F, R1, C(O)CH3;
- R3=H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
- (CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2;
- R4=H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- R3 and R4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
- n=0-3;
- Y=H;
- OR1;
- NHR1;
- NHC(O)R3;
- NHSO2R3;
- NHC(O)NHR3;
- NHC(O)R5;
- NHC(O)OR6;
- R5=C3-C7-cycloalkyl;
- R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
- (CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- with the proviso that when R1=CH(CH3)2, and R2=Ph, and X=CH, then R3≠H, and n≠0, and R4≠H, and Y≠OH, said process comprising:
-
-
- under conditions effective to form the purine derivative compound.
-
- wherein:
- R1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- X=N;
- CH;
- R2=phenyl;
- substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
- 1-naphthyl;
- 2-naphthyl;
- heterocycles including:
- 2-pyridyl;
- 3-pyridyl;
- 4-pyridyl;
- 5-pyrimidyl;
- thiophene-2-yl;
- thiophene-3-yl;
- 2-furanyl;
- 3-furanyl;
- 2-benzofuranyl;
- benzothiophene-2-yl;
- 2-pyrrolyl;
- 3-pyrrolyl;
- 2-quinolinyl;
- 3-quinolinyl;
- 4-quinolinyl;
- 1-isoquinolinyl;
- 3-isoquinolinyl;
- 4-isoquinolinyl;
- substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are selected from Br, Cl, F, R1, C(O)CH3;
- R3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
- (CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2;
- R4=H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- R3 and R4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
- n=0-3;
- Y=H;
- OR1;
- NHR1;
- NHC(O)R3;
- NHSO2R3;
- NHC(O)NHR3;
- NHC(O)R5;
- NHC(O)OR6;
- R5=C3-C7-cycloalkyl;
- R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
- (CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
- with the proviso that when R1=CH(CH3)2 and R2=Ph and X=CH, then R3≠H, and n≠0, and R4≠H, and Y≠OH, said process comprising:
-
- wherein
- Z=Br or I
- with a compound of the formula: R2—B(OH)2, R2—Sn(n-Bu)3, R2—Sn(Me)3, or mixtures thereof, under conditions effective to form the purine derivative compound.
- The compounds of the present invention, as described in Formula I, show significantly improved growth inhibition of human transformed cell lines and/or cyclin/cdk inhibition relative to compounds of the prior art. These compounds have been demonstrated to be potent growth inhibitors in dozens of human transformed cell lines. Olomoucine, a structurally related purine derivative, is a poor human transformed cell growth inhibition agent with G150 values in the 20,000-100,000 nM range over 60-transformed cell lines. By contrast, the compounds of the present invention demonstrate GI50 values over 60-transformed cell lines in the <10-25,000 nM range, preferably in the <10-100 nM range over 60-transformed cell lines, and, most preferably, <10 nM across 60-human transformed cell lines. This finding is unexpected from the prior art, which specifically teaches that compounds of the present invention would not be potent human transformed cell line growth inhibitors.
- The R2 group in Formula I imparts unexpected and significant improvement in growth inhibition in human transformed cell lines, while substitution of various groups at R3 and R4 found in Formula I impart important features that contribute to cyclin/cdk inhibition and growth inhibition of human transformed cell lines. Specifically, the combination of the R2 group and the substitutions within R3 and R4 result in compounds with superior biological activity. Compounds which are cyclin/cdk inhibitors and/or human transformed cell line growth inhibitors have utility in treating human proliferative cellular disorders.
-
- wherein:
- R1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- X=N;
- CH;
- R2=phenyl;
- substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
- 1-naphthyl;
- 2-naphthyl;
- heterocycles including:
- 2-pyridyl;
- 3-pyridyl;
- 4-pyridyl;
- 5-pyrimidyl;
- thiophene-2-yl;
- thiophene-3-yl;
- 2-furanyl;
- 3-furanyl;
- 2-benzofuranyl;
- benzothiophene-2-yl;
- 2-pyrrolyl;
- 3-pyrrolyl;
- 2-quinolinyl;
- 3-quinolinyl;
- 4-quinolinyl;
- 1-isoquinolinyl;
- 3-isoquinolinyl;
- 4-isoquinolinyl;
- substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R1, C(O)CH3;
- R3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- R4=H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- R3 and R4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
- n=0-3;
- Y=H;
- OR1;
- NHR1;
- NHC(O)R3;
- NHSO2R3;
- NHC(O)NHR3; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
- with the proviso that when R1=CH(CH3)2, and R2=Ph, and X=CH, then R3≠H, and n≠0, and R4≠H, and Y≠OH.
-
- wherein:
- R1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- X=N;
- CH;
- R2=phenyl;
- substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
- heterocycles including:
- 2-pyridyl;
- 3-pyridyl;
- 4-pyridyl;
- 5-pyrimidyl;
- thiophene-2-yl;
- thiophene-3-yl;
- 2-furanyl;
- 3-furanyl;
- 2-benzofuranyl;
- benzothiophene-2-yl;
- 2-pyrrolyl;
- 3-pyrrolyl;
- 2-quinolinyl;
- 3-quinolinyl;
- 4-quinolinyl;
- 1-isoquinolinyl;
- 3-isoquinolinyl;
- 4-isoquinolinyl;
- substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R1, C(O)CH3;
- Y=OR1;
- NHR1;
- NHC(O)R1;
- NHSO2R1;
- HC(O)NHR1;
- NHC(O)OR6; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
- R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method for inhibiting cellular proliferation in mammals comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the present invention to the mammal.
- The compounds of the present invention can be administered orally, parenterally, for example, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, by intranasal instillation, or by application to mucous membranes, such as, that of the nose, throat, and bronchial tubes. They may be administered alone or with suitable pharmaceutical carriers, and can be in solid or liquid form such as, tablets, capsules, powders, solutions, suspensions, or emulsions.
- Based on the results obtained in the standard pharmacological test procedures described below, the compounds of the present invention are useful as antineoplastic agents. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are useful for inhibiting the growth of neoplastic cells, causing cell death of neoplastic cells, and eradicating neoplastic cells. The compounds of the present invention are, therefore, useful for treating solid tumors, including sarcomas and carcinomas, such as astrocytomas, prostate cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, and ovarian cancer, leukemias, lymphomas, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and other neoplastic disease states.
- In addition to the utilities described above, many of the compounds of the present invention are useful in the preparation of other compounds.
- The active compounds of the present invention may be orally administered, for example, with an inert diluent, or with an assimilable edible carrier or they may be enclosed in hard or soft shell capsules, or they may be compressed into tablets, or they may be incorporated directly with the food of the diet. For oral therapeutic administration, these active compounds may be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, and the like. Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 0.1% of active compound. The percentage of the compound in these compositions may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 2% to about 60% of the weight of the unit. The amount of active compound in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that a suitable dosage will be obtained. Preferred compositions according to the present invention are prepared so that an oral dosage unit contains between about 1 and 250 mg of active compound.
- The tablets, capsules, and the like may also contain a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch, or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose, or saccharin. When the dosage unit form is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as a fatty oil.
- Various other materials may be present as coatings or to modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance, tablets may be coated with shellac, sugar, or both. A syrup may contain, in addition to active ingredient, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye, and flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor.
- These active compounds may also be administered parenterally. Solutions or suspensions of these active compounds can be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxypropylcellulose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof in oils. Illustrative oils are those of petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin, for example, peanut oil, soybean oil, or mineral oil. In general, water, saline, aqueous dextrose and related sugar solution, and glycols such as, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, are preferred liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
- The pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. In all cases, the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oils.
- The compounds of the present invention may also be administered directly to the airways in the form of an aerosol. For use as aerosols, the compounds of the present invention in solution or suspension may be packaged in a pressurized aerosol container together with suitable propellants, for example, hydrocarbon propellants like propane, butane, or isobutane with conventional adjuvants. The materials of the present invention also may be administered in a non-pressurized form such as in a nebulizer or atomizer.
- General Synthetic Schemes
- The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by conventional methods of organic synthesis practiced by those skilled in the art. The general reaction sequences outlined below are general methods useful for preparing the compounds of the present invention and are not meant to be limiting in scope or utility.
- Reaction of 2,6-dichloropurine (Formula IV) with various amines of Formula V in the presence of a polar solvent, such as ethanol, provides purines of Formula VI (General Flowsheet I, infra). Reaction of purines of Formula VI with alkyl halides (R1-Z) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate provides N1-alkylated purines of Formula VII. Chloride displacement with N-alkylated purines of Formula VII with amines of structure Formula VIII in an inert solvent such as ethanol or butanol at an appropriate temperature provides purines of Formula IX. Transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reaction of purines of Formula IX with boronic acid (R2—B(OH)2) or tin reagents (R2—Sn(n-Bu)3 or R2—SnMe3) provides purines of Formula X. If in Formula X (Y═NH2), then subsequent reaction of Formula X (Y═NH2) with acid chloride (R3COCl), or sulfonyl chloride (R3SO2Cl), or isocyanate (R3NCO), or chloroformate (ClC(O)OR6) reagents provides purines of Formula XI wherein Y=NHC(O)R3, NHSO2R3, or NHC(O)NHR3, or NHC(O)OR6, respectively. On the other hand, if in Formula X, Y already is OR1 or NHC(O)R3 or NHSO2R3 or NHC(O)NHR3 or NHC(O)OR6, as a result of what Y started out as in Formula VIII, then this last step is unnecessary.
- Definitions of the groups include:
- R1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- Z=Br;
- I;
- R2=phenyl;
- substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
- 1-naphthyl;
- 2-naphthyl;
- heterocycles including:
- 2-pyridyl;
- 3-pyridyl;
- 4-pyridyl;
- 5-pyrimidyl;
- thiophene-2-yl;
- thiophene-3-yl;
- 2-furanyl;
- 3-furanyl;
- 2-benzofuranyl;
- benzothiophene-2-yl;
- 2-pyrrolyl;
- 3-pyrrolyl;
- 2-quinolinyl;
- 3-quinolinyl;
- 4-quinolinyl;
- 1-isoquinolinyl;
- 3-isoquinolinyl;
- 4-isoquinolinyl;
- substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R1, C(O)CH3;
- R3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
- (CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2;
- R4=H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- R3 and R4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
- n=0-3;
- Y=H;
- OR1;
- NHR1;
- NHC(O)R3;
- NHSO2R3;
- NHC(O)NHR3;
- NHC(O)OR6;
- R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C3-C7-cycloalkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
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- Reaction of acids of Formula XII with oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride followed by reaction with ammonium hydroxide provides amides of Formula XIII (General Flowsheet II). Transition metal-mediated cross-coupling reaction of amides of Formula XIII with boronic acid (R2—B(OH)2) or tin reagents (R2—Sn(n-Bu)3) or (R2—SnMe3) provides amides of Formula XIV. Reduction of amides of Formula XIV with a reducing agent in an appropriate solvent provides amines of Formula XV. Reaction of amines of Formula XV with 2,6-dichloropurine (Formula IV) in the presence of a polar solvent, such as ethanol, provides purines of Formula XVI. Reaction of purines of Formula XVI with alkyl halides (R1-Z) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate provides N1-alkylated purines of Formula XVII. Chloride displacement of purines of Formula XVII with amines of Formula VIII in an inert solvent such as ethanol or butanol at an appropriate temperature provides purines of Formula XVIII. If in Formula XVIII (Y═NH2), then subsequent reaction of Formula XVIII (Y—NH2) with acid chloride R3COCl), or sulfonyl chloride (R3SO2C1), or isocyanate (R3NCO), or chloroformate (ClC(O)OR6) reagents provides purines of Formula XIX wherein Y═NHC(O)R3, or NHSO2R3, or NHC(O)NHR3, or NHC(O)OR6, respectively. On the other hand, if in Formula XVIII, Y already is OR1 or NHC(O)R3 or NHSO2R3 or NHC(O)NHR3 or NHC(O)OR6, as a result of what Y started out as in Formula VIII, then this last step is unnecessary.
- Definitions of the groups include:
- R1 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- X=N;
- CH;
- Z=Br;
- I;
- R2=phenyl;
- substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
- 1-naphthyl;
- 2-naphthyl;
- heterocycles including:
- 2-pyridyl;
- 3-pyridyl;
- 4-pyridyl;
- 5-pyrimidyl;
- thiophene-2-yl;
- thiophene-3-yl;
- 2-furanyl;
- 3-furanyl;
- 2-benzofuranyl;
- benzothiophene-2-yl;
- 2-pyrrolyl;
- 3-pyrrolyl;
- 2-quinolinyl;
- 3-quinolinyl;
- 4-quinolinyl;
- 1-isoquinolinyl;
- 3-isoquinolinyl;
- 4-isoquinolinyl;
- substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from Br, Cl, F, R1, C(O)CH3;
- R3 are the same or different and independently selected from:
- H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
- (CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2;
- R4=H;
- C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- R3 and R4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
- n=0-3;
- Y=H;
- OR1;
- NHR1;
- NHC(O)R3;
- NHSO2R3;
- NHC(O)NHR3;
- NHC(O)OR6;
- R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
- C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
- C3-C7-cycloalkyl;
- C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
- (CH2)nPh;
- (CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2.
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- Proton NMR spectra were obtained on a Bruker AC 300 spectrometer at 300 MHz or a Bruker 500 MHz spectrometer and were referenced to tetramethylsilane as an internal standard. The IR spectrometer used was a single beam Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 1000 FT-IR. All IR spectra obtained were prepared in a pressed disc of KBr. All IR spectra obtained were acquired with a total of 4 accumulations at a resolution of 4.00 cm−1. Melting points were obtained on a Mel-Temp II apparatus and are uncorrected. Mass spectra were obtained on either a Shimadzu QP-5000 or a PE Sciex API 150 Mass Spectrometer.
- To the starting material 1 (1.0 g, 5.29 mmol) was added 4-bromobenzylamine (2.53 g, 11.4 mmol), and EtOH (11 mL). The mixture was stirred and heated at 50° C. in a round-bottomed flask and then H2O (1 mL) and EtOH (10 mL) were added to dissolve the solids. The mixture was refluxed for 1 h. Hünig's base (3.68 mL, 21.2 mmol) was added and refluxed overnight, during which time a precipitate formed. The solution was filtered to provide a light yellow solid. The solid was dried in vacuo (1.08 g, 60%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.75 (bs, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.30 (d, 2H), 4.63 (bs, 2H); CI MS m/z=340 [C2H9BrClN5+H]+.
- To the starting material 2 (1.08 g, 3.19 mmol) was added DMSO (11 mL), K2CO3 (2.20 g, 15.95 mmol), and 2-iodopropane (1 mL, 9.57 mmol). The solution was stirred overnight then poured into H2O (75 mL) and stirred. Additional H2O (25-50 mL) was added to the mixture to form a yellow solid. The stirring was continued at 0° C. The solid was filtered in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography to provide 3 (0.66 g, 50%) as a white solid: mp 136-140° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, 2H), 7.28 (d, 2H), 6.12 (bs, 1H), 4.90-4.70 (m, 3H), 1.61 (d, 6H).
- To starting material 3 (1.44 g, 3.78 mmol) was added 2-amino-1-butanol (5.06 g, 56.7 mmol) and ethanol (5 mL) and the mixture was heated in a sealed tube in an oil bath at 150-160° C. for 48 h. The cooled solution was transferred to a round-bottomed flask and the ethanol was removed in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give 4 (0.90 g, 55%):1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.44-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.06 (s, 1H), 4.90 (d, 1H), 4.78-4.68 (m, 2H), 4.65-4.55 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.47 (m, 8H), 1.04-0.99 (t, 3H).
- To starting material 4 (0.13 g, 0.29 mmol) was added 3-acetamidophenylboronic acid (0.21 g, 1.19 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.08 g, 0.07 mmol), Na2CO3 (2M, 0.60 mL), and toluene (5 mL). The solution was degassed with argon for 10 min then heated at 130° C. for 6 h. The cooled solution was diluted with water and then extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to yield a viscous orange oil. The oil was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel and then the product crystallized upon standing to give 5 (0.06 g, 41%) as a pale yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.01-7.21 (m, 9H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 4.97 (d, 1H), 4.82-4.70 (m, 2H), 4.65-4.53 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.25 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.69-1.45 (m, 8H), 1.07-0.98 (t, 3H).
- To 4-iodobenzoic acid (52.2 g, 0.21 mol) was added CH2Cl2 (500 mL) and DMF (2 drops) at room temperature. Oxalyl chloride (32 g, 0.25 mol) was added dropwise in 0.5 h and stirred for 2 d. The volatiles were removed in vacuo to a volume of 150 mL to give the acid chloride and CH2Cl2. To a mixture of ice (500 mL) and NH4OH (29%; 100 mL) was added the CH2Cl2 solution during 15 min. The resulting solids were collected, washed with CH2Cl2, and dried in vacuo. The solids were slurried in H2O for 1 h. The solids were collected by filtration, washed in water and acetone, and dried in vacuo to give 7 (48 g; 92%): mp 213-216° C.
- To a suspension of 7 (11 g, 45 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added BH3-THF (1M, 22.5 mL, 22.5 mmol). The resulting solution was heated under reflux overnight. The reaction was cooled in an ice bath and MeOH—HCl (60 mL) was slowly added dropwise. The resulting precipitate was filtered and dried to give 8 (10.8 g, 88%) as a white solid: mp 256-262° C. dec.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.55 (bs, 3H), 7.79 (d, 2H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 3.98 (s, 2H).
- To compound 1 (7.63 g, 40.4 mmol) was added compound 8 (10.8 g, 40.4 mmol), water (123 mL), and Hünig's base (14 mL, 81 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux for 5 h and stirred overnight at room temperature to give a pale yellow solution. An additional quantity of water (150 mL) was added, refluxed for 3 h, then cooled overnight. A pale yellow solid was formed which was filtered, washed with water, rinsed with EtOH (2×), and dried in vacuo to give yield 9 (13.3 g, 80%):1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.68 (bs, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 5.08 (bs, 1H), 4.50 (d, 2H).
- To compound 9 (12.2 g, 31.7 mmol) was added K2CO3 (35 g, 0.25 mol), 2-iodopropane (13 g, 0.13 mol) and DMSO (210 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred under N2 at room temperature overnight, then poured into H2O (1.5 L) and stirred for 2 d. The precipitate was collected as an off-white solid and washed with Et2O. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×) and the combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated to give an off-white foam (6.4 g). This off-white foam was combined with the precipitate and washed with Et2O to give 10 (11.0 g): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.91 (m, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 2H), 7.21 (d, 2H), 5.11 (bs, 1H), 4.68 (m, 1H), 4.60 (d, 2H), 1.48 (d, 6H).
- Compound 10 (1.52 g, 3.55 mmol), trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (6.35 g, 55.60 mmol), and EtOH (18 mL) were placed in a sealed tube. The reaction mixture was heated at 120-190° C. for 24 h. The reaction was then allowed to cool to room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography, and dried in vacuo for 16 h to yield 11 (1.60 g, 89%) as a yellow sticky oil:1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.62 (d, 2H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.08 (d, 2H), 6.14 (br, 1H), 4.75-4.63 (m, 2H), 4.63-4.54 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.63 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.39-1.00 (m, 3H); API MS m/z=506 [C21H28IN7+H]+.
- To compound 11 (0.133 g, 0.26 mmol) was added DME (2.5 mL) and 3-thiopheneboronic acid (0.12 g, 0.97 mmol) in a round-bottomed flask and equipped with a condenser purged with argon. To this was added DME (3 mL) followed by tris(dibenzylidoneacetone)dipalladium (0.01 g, 0.01 mmol) and PPh3 (0.04 g, 0.15 mmol). Na2CO3 (2M, 0.6 mL) and DME (1 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and the reaction mixture was allowed to reflux for 18.5 h, then stirred at room temperature under argon for 46 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography to yield 12 (0.050 g, 41%) as a tan solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.44-7.35 (m, 3H), 6.02 (br, 1H), 4.78 (d, 2H), 4.69-4.54 (m, 2H), 3.75 (br, 1H), 2.69 (br, 1H), 2.15 (br, 2H), 1.88 (br, 3H), 1.54 (d, 7H), 1.33-0.97 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=462 [C25H31N7S+H]+.
- DME (3 mL), tris(dibenzylidoneacetone)dipalladium (0.01 g, 0.01 mmol), and PPh3 (0.04 g, 0.15 mmol) were placed in a round-bottomed flask fitted with a condenser and maintained under argon. Compound 11 (0.13 g, 0.26 mmol), and 4-methylbenzeneboronic acid (0.13 g, 0.98 mmol) dissolved in Na2CO3 (2M, 0.6 mL) and DME (1 mL) were added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 19.5 h and stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and evaporated. The crude product was purified by column chromatography and dried in vacuo for 22 h to yield the desired product 13 (54 mg, 44%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56-7.41 (m, 7H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 5.92 (br, 1H), 4.83 (d, 2H), 4.74-4.58 (m, 2H), 3.77 (br, 1H), 2.70 (br, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.16 (d, 3H), 1.88 (d, 3H), 1.55 (d, 7H), 1.33-0.97 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=470 [C28H35N7+H]+.
- DME (3 mL), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0.01 g, 0.01 mmol), and PPh3 (0.04 g, 0.15 mmol) were placed in a round-bottomed flask with a condenser under argon. Compound 11 (0.13 g, 0.25 mmol) and 3-chloro-4-fluoroboronic acid (0.15 g, 0.88 mmol) were dissolved in Na2CO3 (2M, 0.6 mL) and DME (1 mL) were added to the reaction mixture, refluxed for 19 h then stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and evaporated. The crude product was purified by repeated column chromatography to yield 14 (0.019 g, 15%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.59-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.26-7.14 (m, 3H), 5.81 (br, 1H), 4.81 (d, 2H), 4.72-4.54 (m, 2H), 3.72 (br, 1H), 2.69 (br, 1H), 2.21-2.03 (m, 3H), 1.94-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.33-1.12 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=508 [C27H31ClFN7+H]+.
- A solution of 15 (2.5 g, 15.8 mmol) and ether was cooled to −78° C. In a separate flask, n-BuLi (15.8 mmol) was also cooled to −78° C. The solution of 15 was added to the n-BuLi solution via cannula to give a dark red solution. The reaction mixture was stirred for 5 min prior to the rapid addition of (n-Bu)3SnCl (6.2 g, 19 mmol). The resulting bright yellow solution was stirred at −78° C. for 2 h, allowed to warm to room temperature, and stirred for another 10 min. The solution was then diluted with H2O (80 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The organic extracts were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield the crude product as a yellow oil. Purification by column chromatography gave the product 16 (4.89 g, 84%) as a pale yellow liquid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.72 (d, 1H), 7.48-7.46 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.09 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.50 (m, 6H), 1.38-1.26 (m, 6H), 1.14-1.09 (m, 6H), 0.97-0.77 (t, 9H).
- To compound 16 (0.18 g, 0.48 mmol) was added compound 4 (0.14 g, 0.33 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.05 g, 0.49 mmol), and toluene (10 mL) in a sealed tube under an argon atmosphere. The solution was degassed with argon and heated at 135° C. in an oil bath for 3 h. The solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with saturated NaHCO3, and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×30 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo to give a light brown oil. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography using MeOH/CH2Cl2 (10%) to afford 17 as a white solid. The sample was dissolved into hexane/CH2Cl2/MeOH and then precipitated with diethyl ether, filtered, and rinsed several times with ether to provide in 17 (30.3 mg): mp 95-100° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (d, 1H), 7.96 (d, 2H), 7.77-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.24-7.20 (m, 1H), 5.99 (s, 1H), 5.11 (s, 1H), 4.88-4.83 (m, 3H), 4.65-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.60 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.52 (m, 8H), 1.05-0.99 (t, 3H); IR (KBr) 3411, 2968, 1601, 1489 cm−1; CI MS m/z=432 [C24H29N7+H]+.
- To a solution of n-BuLi (2.5M hexane solution, 10.9 mL, 27.4 mmol) in ethyl ether 28 mL at −78° C. was added 2-bromopyridine (4.33 g, 27.4 mmol) in ethyl ether (15 mL). After stirring for 30 min, a solution of trimethylstannylchloride (6.0 g, 30 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added. Stirring was continued at −78° C. for 2 h and the mixture was then warmed up to room temperature and filtered. The precipitate was washed with ether and the combined the ether filtrates were concentrated to give the crude product:1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.69-8.68 (d, 1H), 7.47-7.07 (m, 3H), 0.30 (s, 9H).
- A mixture of 4-bromobenzonitrile (1.68 g, 9.2 mmol), crude 2-trimethylstannylpyridine (3.33 g, 13.8 mmol), and PdCl2(PPh3)2 (321 mg, 0.46 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) was heated at 150-155° C. in pressure tube for 24 h. The DMF was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was filtered through a short column of basic alumina and washed with ethyl acetate and then concentrated. Flash chromatography of the residue on silica gel gave the product (41%) as a white solid: mp 99-100° C.; 1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.74 (dd, J1=1 Hz, J2=1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.83-7.76 (m, 4H), 7.32 (m, 1H).
- To LiAlH4 (8 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added 21 (0.96 g, 5.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) slowly while the flask was cooled with ice. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10-30 min then stirred at reflux for 4 h under nitrogen. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 mL, 10%) was added. The mixture was stirred until the residue became white and the solid was filtered and washed with methylene chloride (4×5 mL). The methylene chloride solution was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated, and the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel to give the product as a yellow liquid. A small amount of ethanol was added and the pure amine 22 was obtained as a white solid (74%) after filtration: mp 114-117° C.; 1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz), 7.19 (m, 1H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 1.98 (s, 2H).
- A mixture of 2,6-dichloropurine (1, 0.19 g, 1 mmol), amine 22 (0.39 g, 2.15 mmol) in ethanol (13 mL), and water (3.4 mL) was heated at 100-110° C. under nitrogen for 24 h and then it was cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated and water (5 mL) was added. A solid was filtered and washed with water (2×5 mL) and dried under vacuum to give the product (93%) as yellow solid: mp 260° C. (dec);1H NMR (500 Hz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.4 (bs, 1H), 8.76 (m, J=1 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 8.03 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (m, 1H), 7.58 (d=8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 4.82 (s, 2H).
- To the solution of compound 23 (0.33 g, 1 mmol) in DMSO (5.2 mL), added potassium carbonate (0.7 g, 5 mmol) and 2-iodopropane (0.5 g, 3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 24 h and poured into ice water (30 mL). After filtration, the solid was washed with water (4×5 mL), dried under vacuum to give the crude product as a yellow solid. Flash column chromatography of the crude product on silica gel and recrystallization provided the pure product (76%) as white crystals: mp 178-179° C.;1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (m, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.76-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 4.89 (s, 1H), 4.79 (m, 1H), 1.54 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); CI MS m/z=379 [C20H19ClN6+H]+. Anal. Calcd. for C20H19ClN6: C, 63.41; H, 5.05; N, 22.18. Found: C, 63.07; H, 5.01; N, 22.01.
- To compound 24 (0.7 g, 1.8 mmol) was added (R)-(−)-2 amino-1-butanol (3.5 g, 3.9 mmol) stirred in a sealed tube for 2 h at 190° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool and then was partitioned between EtOAc and brine. The EtOAc was separated, washed with saturated brine (4×), dried with Na2SO4, and concentrated. The product was air dried to give an oil, then dissolved in EtOAc. The EtOAc solution was cooled again, and the precipitate collected, washed with cold EtOAc (2×), air dried, and heated in vacuo for 2 h to give 17 (0.54 g, 67%): mp 98-100° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.00-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.35 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.40-6.20 (bs, 1H), 5.00-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.80-4.68 (bs, 3H), 4.60 (heptuplet, 1H), 3.98-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.54 (dd, 1H), 2.10 (bs, 1H), 1.75-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.51 (d, 6H), 1.00 (t, 3H); IR (KBr) 3406, 2969, 1601, 1490, 1389, 1254, 779 cm−1; API MS m/z=432 [C24H29N7O+H]+.
- To compound 4 (0.14 g, 0.33 mmol) was added 3-(tributylstannyl)pyridine (0.15 g, 0.33 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.06 g, 0.41 mmol), and toluene (10 mL). The solution was degassed with argon for 8 min in a sealed tube, and heated in an oil bath for 3 h at 130° C. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with saturated NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the desired coupling product. The product was dissolved in acetonitrile and washed with hexane (3×10 mL) to remove a portion of the tin contaminants. The reaction mixture was again purified by column chromatography on reversed phase silica gel to give compound 25 (0.04 g): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.58 (d, 1H), 7.88-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.56-7.46 (m, 5H), 7.38-7.33 (m, 1H), 5.99 (s, 1H), 5.11 (s, 1H), 4.90-4.83 (m, 2H), 4.63-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.60 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.49 (m, 8H), 1.05-1.00 (t, 3H); CI MS m/z=432 [C24H29N7O+H]+.
- A mixture of diethyl(3-pyridyl)borane (26, 540 mg, 3.67 mmol), 4-bromobenzonitrile (803 mg, 4.41 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (144 mg, 0.13 mmol) in toluene (9 mL), ethanol (1.3 mL) and 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution (4.1 mL, 8.2 mmol) was heated at 90-100° C. under nitrogen for 27 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and water (10 mL) was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×15 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Flash chromatography of the crude product on silica gave the product as a white solid (80%): mp 95-96° C.
- A flask charged with 4-bromobenzonitrile (360 mg, 2.0 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (560 mg, 2.2 mmol), potassium acetate (590 mg, 6.0 mmol) and PdCl2(dppf) (49 mg, 0.06 mmol) was flushed with nitrogen and DMF (12 mL) was added. The mixture was heated at 80-85° C. for 4 h and then cooled to room temperature at which time PdCl2(dppf) (49 mg, 0.06 mmol), 3-bromopyridine (385 δL, 3.40 mmol), and 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution (5 mL, 10 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 80-85° C. for 24 h and extracted with ethyl ether (3×30 mL) and then washed with brine (3×15 mL) and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Flash chromatography of the crude product on silica gel gave the product as white crystals (56%): mp 96-97° C.; 1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (dd, J1=1 Hz, J2=1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.66 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.87 (m, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (m, 1H).
- To LiAlH4 (8 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added 27 (0.96 g, 5.3 mmol) in THF (25 mL) slowly while the flask was cooled with ice. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10-30 min then stirred at reflux for 4 h under nitrogen. The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 mL. 10%) was added. The mixture was stirred until the residue became white and the solid was filtered and washed with methylene chloride (4×5 mL). The methylene chloride solution was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated, and the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel to give the product as a yellow liquid. A small amount of ethanol was added and the pure amine 28 was obtained as a white solid (46%) after filtration: mp 94-96° C.; 1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.74 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.48 (dd, J1=1.5 Hz, J2=4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (m, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.10 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 2H), 2.25 (s, 2H).
- A mixture of 2,6-dichloropurine (1, 0.19 g, 1 mmol), amine 28 (0.4 g, 2.15 mmol) in ethanol (13 mL), water (3 mL) was heated at 100-110° C. under nitrogen for 24 h and then it was cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated and water (5 mL) was added. A solid was filtered and washed with water (2×5 mL) and dried under vacuum to give the product (92%) as a yellow solid: mp 219° C. (dec);1H NMR (500 Hz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.2 (bs, 1H), 8.99 (s, 1H), 8.66 (d, J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.60-7.57 (m, 3H).
- To a solution of 29 (0.3 g, 1 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL), was added potassium carbonate (0.7 g, 5 mmol) and 2-iodopropane (0.5 g, 3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 24 h and poured into ice water (30 mL). After filtration, the solid was washed with water (4×5 mL), dried under vacuum to give the crude product as a yellow solid. Flash column chromatography of the crude product on silica gel and recrystallization provided the pure product (76%) as white crystals: mp 178-179° C.;1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.82 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.59-8.58 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.48 (m, 4H), 7.37-7.34 (m, 1H), 4.88 (s, 2H), 4.82 (m, 1H), 1.56 (d, J=0.7 Hz, 3H), 1.55 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 3H); CI MS m/z=379 [C20H19ClN6+H]+. Anal. Calcd. for C20H19ClN6: C, 63.41; H, 5.05; N, 22.18. Found: C, 63.24; H, 4.97; N, 21.93.
- To a mixture of 4 (0.05 g, 0.11 mmol) was added 4-(tributylstannyl)pyridine (0.06 g, 0.16 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.02 g, 0.02 mmol), and toluene (2.5 mL). The reaction mixture was degassed and heated in a sealed tube at 125° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature then saturated NaHCO3 (30 mL) was added followed by extraction with CH2Cl2 (3×30). The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, and concentrated. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give 32: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65 (s, 2H), 7.60-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.45 (m, 5H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 4.93 (d, 1H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 4.65-4.57 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.51 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.52 (d, 6H), 1.05-0.99 (t, 3H).
- To compound 4 (0.18 g, 0.43 mmol) was added 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (0.19 g, 1.28 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.09 g, 0.08 mmol), Na2CO3 (2M, 0.85 mL), was added toluene (5 mL). The mixture was degassed with argon for 10 min. The resulting solution was heated in a sealed tube at 135° C. for 4.5 h. The cooled solution was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine and dried over Na2SO4. The solution was purified by flash column chromatography (2×) on silica gel to give the desired product 33 as a yellow solid (0.09 g): mp 130-131° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.57-7.42 (m, 9H), 6.80-6.70 (dd, 1H), 5.98 (s, 1H), 5.79 (d, 1H), 5.27 (d, 1H), 4.88 (d, 1H), 4.84-4.72 (m, 2H), 4.63-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.52 (m, 8H), 1.05-1.00 (t, 3H); IR (CH2Cl2) 3293, 2968, 1601, 1489, 1390 cm−1; CI MS m/z=457 [C27H32N6O+H]+.
- To compound 33 (0.008 g, 0.016 mmol) was added OsO4 (0.007 g, 0.026 mmol), pyridine (0.08 mL), and toluene (0.75 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature in the dark for 1 h, concentrated in vacuo, and then slurried in methanol/water (9:1). Sodium metabisulfite (0.07 g) was added and the reaction was stirred for 1 h. The mixture was washed with brine, extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×10 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give compound 34 (0.003 g) as a tan solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 6H), 7.25-7.22 (m, 2H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 4.98 (d, 1H), 4.35-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.64-4.54 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.80 (m, 3H), 3.74-3.59 (m, 3H), 1.68-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.52 (d, 6H), 1.06-0.99 (t, 3H).
- To compound 4 (0.12 g, 0.27 mmol) was added 3-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (0.12 g, 0.69 mmol), and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.09 g, 0.75 mmol) in a sealed tube filled with argon. To this mixture was added toluene (5 mL) and Na2CO3 (2M, 0.55 mL). The resulting solution was degassed with argon for 5 min and placed in a 130° C. oil bath for 6 h. The cooled solution was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The solution was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to yield 36 (0.04 g, 36%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.52-7.46 (m, 3H), 7.39 (d, 2H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.96 (d, 1H), 6.88 (t, 1H), 6.68-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 4.90 (d, 1H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 4.62-4.57 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.76 (m, 4H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.48 (m, 8H), 1.04-0.99 (t, 3H); CI MS m/z=446 [C25H31N7O+H]+.
- To a suspension of Pd(PPh3)4 (0.02 g, 0.01 mmol) in anhydrous DME (8 mL) was added 4 (0.12 g, 0.27 mmol) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 10 min. To this solution was added 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid (37; 0.12 g, 0.65 mmol) in a minimum of EtOH, followed by Na2CO3 (2M, 0.27 mL), and the resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 20 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on normal phase silica gel followed by reversed phase column chromatography to obtain 38 (0.04 g, 33%) as an off white solid: mp 60-67° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 7.58-7.45 (m, 7H), 5.98 (s, 1H), 4.90-4.83 (m, 3H), 4.63-4.59 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.51 (m, 8H), 1.05-1.00 (t, 3H); IR (KBr) 3406, 2969, 1602, 1489, 1335 cm−1; CI MS m/z=499 [C26H29FN7O+H]+.
- A mixture of 4 (0.13 g, 0.31 mmol), 2-naphthaleneboronic acid (39; 0.11 g, 0.62 mmol) and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.09 g, 0.08 mmol) was placed in a sealed tube that was filled with argon. To the mixture was added toluene (5 mL) and Na2CO3 (2M, 0.62 mL). The tube was quickly sealed and heated at 125° C. in an oil bath for 6 h. The cooled solution was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on normal phase silica gel, followed by reversed phase chromatography to give 40 (0.04 g, 28%): mp 70-75° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.92-7.84 (m, 3H), 7.74-7.67 (m, 3H), 7.51-7.44 (m, 5H), 5.96 (s, 1H), 4.89-4.84 (m, 3H), 4.66-4.57 (m, 1H), 3.93-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.61 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.50 (m, 8H), 1.06-1.01 (t, 3H); IR (KBr) 3422, 2927, 1601, 1491, 1388 cm−1.
- To compound 4 (0.14 g, 0.33 mmol) was added 4-methoxyphenylboronic acid (42, 0.11 g, 0.71 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.10 g, 0.087 mmol), Na2CO3 (2M, 0.66 mL), and toluene (7 mL). The solution was degassed for 8 min with argon and heated in an oil bath at 125° C. for 6 h. The cooled solution was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The reaction mixture was purified by normal phase column chromatography followed by reversed phase chromatography to give 43 (0.05 g, 28%) as a white solid: mp 128-130° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.52-7.50 (m, 5H), 7.41 (d, 2H), 6.97 (d, 2H), 5.93 (s, 1H), 4.89-4.79 (m, 3H), 4.63-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.81 (m, 5H), 3.67-3.60 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.49 (m, 8H), 1.05-1.00 (t, 3H); IR (KBr) 3417, 2931, 1610, 1499, 1389 cm−1; CI MS m/z=461 [C26H32N6O2+H]+.
- To a solution of s-BuLi (5 mL, 6.24 mmol) and TMEDA (1 mL) in anhydrous THF (35 mL) at −75° C. under argon was added dropwise a solution of N,N-diethylbenzamide (0.98 g, 5.57 mmol) in THF (5 mL). The mixture was stirred for 50 min and then treated with trimethylborate (2 mL, 17 mmol). The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The colorless solution was cooled to 0° C. and acidified to pH=6 with 2N HCl. The THF was removed in vacuo and the residue was diluted with water. This was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, concentrated in vacuo, followed by removal of trace solvent on the vacuum pump to give 45 as an off-white foamy solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.67-7.39 (m, 4H), 3.88-3.69 (q, 4H), 1.41-1.30 (t, 6H).
- To compound 4 (0.14 g, 0.31 mmol) was added 2-(diethylcarbamoyl)phenylboronic acid (45, 0.29 g, 1.31 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.1 g, 0.09 mmol), Na2CO3 (2M, 0.63 mL), toluene (5 mL), and the mixture degassed with argon for 10 min. The mixture was heated in an oil bath for 5 h at 135° C. The cooled solution was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2CO3, and concentrated. The reaction mixture was purified by normal phase column chromatography on silica gel, followed by reversed phase chromatography to give 46 (0.03 g, 18%) as a yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.49-7.36 (m, 9H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 4.93 (d, 1H), 4.78 (s, 2H), 4.64-4.55 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.06-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.64 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.51 (m, 8H), 1.04-0.99 (t, 3H), 0.91-0.86 (t, 3H), 0.77-0.72 (t 3H); CI MS m/z=530 [C30H39N7O2+H]+.
- To a suspension of Pd(PPh3)4 (0.08 g, 0.69 mmol) in DME was added 4 (0.129 g, 0.30 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 10 min at room temperature. To this was added 3-nitrophenylboronic acid (47, 0.157 g, 0.94 mmol) and Na2CO3 (2 M, 0.59 mL). The solution was heated at reflux under argon overnight. The cooled solution was diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The solution was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give 48 (0.04 g, 29%) as a bright yellow solid: mp 73-77° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, 1H), 7.89 (d, 1H), 7.63-7.43 (m, 6H), 6.01 (s, 1H), 4.95-4.76 (m, 3H), 4.68-4.58 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.60 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.40 (m, 8H), 1.02-0.98 (t, 3H); IR (KBr) 3405, 2930, 1713, 1602, 1490, 1351 cm−1; CI MS m/z=476 [C25H29N7O3+H]+.
- To a suspension of Pd(PPh3)4 (0.09 g, 0.08 mmol) in DME (5 mL) was added 4 (0.14 g, 0.32 mmol) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 15 min. To this was added benzo[b]furan-2-boronic acid (49, 0.153 g, 0.94 mmol) and Na2CO3 (2 M, 0.63 mL). The solution was heated at reflux under argon overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with water, extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The solution was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel followed by flash column chromatography on reversed phase silica to give 50 (0.09 g, 60%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.82 (d, 2H), 7.58-7.42 (m, 5H), 7.30-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 4.91 (d, 1H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 4.62-4.58 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.60 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.48 (m, 8H), 1.04-0.99 (t, 3H); CI MS m/z=471 [C27H30N6O2+H]+.
- To compound 4 (0.46 g, 1.20 mmol) was added 1-amino-1-cyclopentanemethanol (51, 1.0 g, 8.61 mmol) and EtOH (2 mL) and the mixture was heated in an oil bath at 150° C. for 60 h. The brown solution was cooled and heated again at 150° C. for 48 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give 52 (0.39 g, 71%) as a tan solid:1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.48-7.40 (m, 3 H), 7.29-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 4.63-4.51 (m, 1H), 3.78 (s, 2H), 2.10-1.65 (m, 8H), 1.54 (d, 6H); CI MS m/z=459 [C21H27BrN6O+H]+.
- To a suspension of Pd(PPh3)4 (0.07 g, 0.06 mmol) in DME (5 mL) was added 52 (0.102 g, 0.22 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 15 min. To this was added phenylboronic acid (0.098 g, 0.80 mmol) and Na2CO3 (2 M, 0.44 mL). The solution was heated at reflux under argon for 18 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL), washed with brine, and dried over Na2SO4. The solution was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel followed by flash column chromatography on reversed phase silica gel to give 53 (0.02 g, 20%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.59-7.31 (m, 10H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 4.61-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 2.01-1.61 (m, 8H), 1.54 (d, 6H); CI MS m/z=457 [C27H32N6O+H]+.
- To compound 3 (0.26 g, 0.67 mmol) was added trans-4-aminocyclohexanol hydrochloride (0.62 g, 4.11 mmol), Et3N (0.58 mL, 4.16 mmol), and ethanol (5 mL). The mixture was heated for 5 h at 135° C. in an oil bath. The temperature increased to 150° C. and heating was continued for a further 48 h. The solution was cooled and evaporated to give a yellow oil: CI MS m/z=459 [C21H27BrN6O+H]+.
- To compound 3 (0.50 g, 1.31 mmol) was added cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (1.57 mL, 13.1 mmol) and EtOH (4 mL). The mixture was heated in an oil bath at 150° C. for 6 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give 55 (0.49 g, 82%) as a yellow solid:1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.43-7.40 (m, 3H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 5.04 (d, 1H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 4.67-4.58 (m, 1H), 4.08-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.17-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.08 (s, 2H), 1.65-1.38 (m, 14H); CI MS m/z=458 [C21H28BrN7+H]+.
- To compound 55 (0.10 g, 0.22 mmol) was added 2-(tributylstannyl)pyridine (0.10 g, 0.27 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (0.05 g, 0.04 mmol), and toluene (5 mL). The solution was degassed with argon for 8 min and heated at 135° C. for 3 h. The cooled solution was diluted with water, extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL), and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated. The solution was followed by flash column chromatography (2×) to give the desired product 56 (0.03 g, 36%) yellow crystalline solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (d, 1H), 7.96 (d, 2H), 7.78-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 5.10-5.00 (m, 1H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 4.69-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.48 (s, 2H), 1.78-1.42 (m, 14H); CI MS m/z=457 [C26H32N8+H]+.
- To compound 1 (0.50 g, 1.31 mmol) was added trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (2.52 mL, 21 mmol), and EtOH (6 mL). The reaction mixture was placed in an oil bath and heated to 190° C. for 25 h. The reaction mixture was removed from the heat and cooled to room temperature, concentrated for purification. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to yield 57 (520 mg, 87%) as an off white foam:1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 7.95 (bs, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 6.17 (d, 1H), 4.70-4.40 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.71 (m, 4H), 1.70-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.41 (d, 6H), 1.30-0.92 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=460 [C21H28N7Br+H]+.
- Compound 57 (0.15 g, 0.32 mmol) was added to a suspension of Pd(PPh3)4 (0.11 g, 0.1 mmol) in DME (7 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 15 min. Phenylboronic acid (0.14 g, 1.14 mmol) was added followed by the Na2CO3 (2M, 0.62 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed under argon for 18 h and allowed to stir at room temperature for 51 h. It was then diluted with water, extracted with CH2Cl2, washed with brine, and then extracted with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was evaporated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, purified by column chromatography, and placed in vacuo for 18 h to give 58 (0.10 g, 72%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.62-7.35 (m, 10H), 5.92 (br, 1H), 4.83 (br, 2H), 4.74-4.56 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.55 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.16-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.73 (br, 2H), 1.52 (d, 6H), 1.37-1.09 (m, 6H); API MS m/z=456 [C27H33N7+H]+.
- To compound 57 (460 mg, 1.0 mmol) in solution with CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was added acetic anhydride (0.44 mL, 4.6 mmol), catalytic DMAP, and pyridine (0.5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. The mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl, and the combined organics were then washed with NaHCO3. The organics were then washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give 59 (472 mg, 94%) as an off white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 4.68-4.40 (m, 1H), 4.10 (s, 3H), 3.61-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.15-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.45 (d, 6H), 1.35-1.05 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=500 [C23H30BrN7O+H]+.
- To a suspension of Pd(PPh3)4 (0.11 g, 0.1 mmol) in DME (7 mL) was added compound 59 (0.15 g, 0.3 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 15 min under argon. Phenylboronic acid (0.13 g, 1.06 mmol) was added, followed by Na2CO3 (2M, 0.62 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed under argon for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with H2O, extracted with CH2Cl2, washed with brine, and extracted with CH2Cl2. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, purified by column chromatography, concentrated in vacuo for 18 h to yield 60 (61 mg, 42%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.51 (t, 3H), 7.40-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.28-7.13 (m, 2H), 5.84 (br, 1H), 4.46 (br, 3H), 3.47 (br, 2H), 1.83 (br, 1H), 1.62 (s, 4H), 1.43 (d, 6H), 0.12 (s, 3H); API MS m/z=498 [C29H35N7O+H]+.
- To compound 3 (0.58 g, 1.53 mmol) was added trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (1.78 g, 15.6 mmol), and EtOH (4 mL). The mixture was heated in an oil bath at 150° C. for ca. 60 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to yield 61 (0.48 g, 68%) as an off white solid: mp 122-125° C.;1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.20 (d, 2H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 4.75-4.68 (m, 2H), 4.67-4.58 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.45 (s, 2H), 2.88-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.05 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.89 (m, 2H), 4.52 (d, 6H), 1.45-1.13 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=459 [C21H28BrN7+H]+.
- Amine 61 (53 mg, 0.12 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) and pyridine (5 mL). Acetic anhydride (0.05 g, 0.53 mmol) and DMAP (few crystals) were added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2.25 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl, NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to yield 62 (0.05 g, 78%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.50-7.20 (m, 5H), 6.02 (br, 1H), 5.29-5.20 (m, 1H), 4.72 (d, 2H), 4.66-4.54 (m, 2H), 3.72 (br, 2H), 2.18-2.06 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.36-1.15 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=500 [C23H30BrN7O+H]+.
- Compound 61 (0.05 g, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (3 mL) and Et3N (2 mL) and placed in an ice bath for 10 min. Compound 63 (0.06 g, 0.22 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (2 mL), added dropwise, and rinsed with CH2Cl2 (1.5 mL). The ice bath was removed after 20 min and the reaction was allowed to stir for 7 d. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl until the aqueous layer was acidic, washed with NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, and evaporated. The desired product was isolated by column chromatography and dried in vacuo to yield 64 (0.04 g, 50%) as a green solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.53 (d, 1H), 8.32-8.20 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.35 (m, 4H), 7.23-7.11 (m, 4H), 6.02 (br, 1H), 4.69-4.45 (m, 5H), 3.57 (br, 1H), 3.12 (br, 1H), 2.87 (s, 1H), 1.97 (br, 2H), 1.75 (br, 2H), 1.48 (d, 6H), 1.27-0.97 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=693 [C33H39BrN8O2S+H]+.
- Compound 61 (0.05 g, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (3 mL) and Et3N (2 mL) and placed in an MeOH/ice bath. Methanesulfonyl chloride (0.012 mg, 0.11 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2.3 mL) was slowly added. The reaction mixture and ice bath was allowed to come to room temperature. After 1.5 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl until the aqueous layer was acidic. The organic layer was washed with NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The product was purified by column chromatography, and dried in vacuo for 14 h to yield 65 (13 mg, 24%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.50-7.17 (m, 5H), 5.90 (br, 1H), 4.75-4.57 (m, 3H), 4.11 (d, 1H), 3.69 (br, 1H), 3.30 (br, 1H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.18-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.69 (d, 6H), 1.42-1.15 (m, 5H); API MS m/z=538 [C22H30BrN7O2S+H]+.
- Compound 61 (0.05 g, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (4 mL). 2-Acetylphenylisocyanate (0.024 g, 0.15 mmol) diluted with toluene (1 mL) and added to compound 61. Toluene (6 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was placed under reflux for 19 h. The product was purified by column chromatography, concentrated, and dried in vacuo for 23 h to yield 66 (42 mg, 62%) as an off-white solid:1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.87-7.20 (m, 9H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 5.86 (br, 1H), 4.75-4.54 (m, 4H), 3.69 (br, 1H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.12 (br, 4H), 1.51 (d, 6H), 1.42-1.15 (m, 5H); API MS m/z=619 [C30H35BrN8O2+H]+.
- Compound 61 (0.04 g, 0.10 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) and pyridine (0.5 mL). Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (0.05 g, 0.44 mmol) was added along with DMAP (small amount). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2.25 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl, saturated NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated. The product was isolated by column chromatography to yield 67 (0.03 g, 63%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.50-7.20 (m, 5H), 5.96 (br, 1H), 5.41 (d, 1H), 4.72 (d, 2H), 4.66-4.54 (m, 2H), 3.72 (br, 2H), 2.18-1.97 (m, 4H), 1.51 (d, 6H), 1.36-1.15 (m, 5H), 1.06-0.88 (m, 2H), 0.79-0.67 (m, 2H); API MS m/z=526 [C25H32BrN7O+H]+.
- To a solution of 4-biphenylcarboxaldehyde (1.0 g, 5.49 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added NaBH3CN (0.69 g, 11.0 mmol), and NH4OH (15 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. To this added HCl and extracted with CHCl3. The resulting aqueous layer was brought to pH>7 with sodium bicarbonate and then extracted with CHCl3. The solution was dried with MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to give 69 (200 mg) as a white solid: EI MS m/z 183 [C13H13N]+.
- To compound 70 (2.75 g, 13.9 mmol) was added anhydrous THF (60 mL), heated to reflux, and kept under nitrogen. 1M Borane-THF (69.7 mL) was added dropwise to 70 through an addition funnel resulting in a homogeneous solution. The solution was refluxed for 18 h. The reaction mixture was cooled in an ice water bath and quenched with H2O, 2N HCl (20 mL), followed by 3N NaOH (60 mL). The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×). The organic extracts were washed with brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The crude product was concentrated, dissolved in MeOH, and HCl gas was bubbled through the solution. The solution was filtered in vacuo to give 69 as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.71 (d, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H), 7.52 (d, 2H), 7.47-7.30 (m, 3H), 4.13 (s, 2H).
- To compound 1 (6.8 g, 36.0 mmol) and 69 (8.0 g, 36.5 mmol) was added H2O (60 mL) and Hünigs base (9.0 g, 70.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred and heated to reflux for 5 h during which time H2O (50 mL) was added as the reaction continued to thicken. The crude product was collected by filtration, washed with H2O (500 mL) and EtOH (2×30 mL), air dried, and dried in vacuo to give 71 (11.1 g, 92%): mp 267-269° C.
- Compound 71 (4.7 g, 14.0 mmol), K2CO3 (15.0 g, 109 mmol), DMSO (80 mL), and 2-iodopropane (9.4 g, 55.0 mmol) were combined and stirred overnight. H2O and EtOAc were added. The EtOAc layer was separated and washed with brine (3×). The EtOAc solution was dried with MgSO4, concentrated, and crystallized from EtOAc to give 72 (3.5 g, 66%): mp 139-140° C.
- Compound 72 (2.00 g, 5.30 mmol) and (R)-(−)-2-amino-1-butanol (10.8 g, 121 mmol) were combined in a sealed tube, and heated in an oil bath at 190° C. for 2 h. The solution was cooled to 60° C., diluted in EtOAc, washed with brine (4 x), dried with Na2SO4, and concentrated. Purification by column chromatography on SiO2 gave the desired product 73 (1.72 g, 75%) as a foam: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.65-7.10 (m, 9H), 6.40-6.10 (bs, 1H), 5.05-4.85 (m, 1H), 4.85-4.67 (m, 1H), 4.60 (heptuplet, 1H), 4.00-3.70 (dd, 2H), 3.76-3.50 (m, 1H), 1.95 (bs, 1H), 1.80-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.51 (d, 6H), 1.03 (t, 3H); IR (CH2Cl2) 3301, 2969, 1601, 1488, 1389, 1255, 762, 698 cm−1; API MS m/z=431 [C25H30N6O+H]+.
- Compound 72 (0.23 g, 0.60 mmol), cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (0.72 mL, 6.0 mmol), and ethanol (2 mL) were combined in a sealed tube and heated in an oil bath at 155° C. for 5 d. The ethanol was removed in vacuo and the crude reaction mixture was filtered through a silica plug. The reaction mixture was chromatographed on silica gel, the resulting orange solid was dissolved in CH2Cl2 and a portion of activated charcoal was added. The solution was filtered through a pad of celite and concentrated to give 74 as a yellow solid (0.04 g, 27%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) 7.59-7.31 (m, 10H), 6.00 (s, 1H), 5.09 (d, 1H), 4.83 (s, 2H), 4.68-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.11 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.02 (s, 2H), 1.67-1.42 (m, 12H); CI MS m/z=456 [C27H33N7+H]+.
- Compound 72 (0.17 g, 0.45 mmol), trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (0.53 g, 4.69 mmol), and EtOH (5 mL) were combined in a sealed tube and heated at 155° C. for 5 d. The EtOH was removed in vacuo and the crude mixture was subjected to flash chromatography on silica gel. Recrystallization from CHCl3/MeOH gave 75 (5.8 mg) as an off-white crystalline solid: mp 110-112° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.58-7.31 (m, 10H), 5.95 (s, 1H), 4.88-4.78 (m, 2H), 4.69-4.60 (m, 2H), 3.88-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.10 (m, 4H), 1.62-1.52 (m, 8H) 1.29-1.15 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=456 [C27H33N7+H]+.
- Compound 75 (0.05 g, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 and the solution cooled to 0° C. under an argon atmosphere. A catalytic amount of DMAP, triethylamine (50 L, 0.36 mmol), followed by the acetyl chloride (25 L, 0.36 mmol) were added to the reaction mixture. The solution was warmed to room temperature and washed with NaHCO3 (5%), water, and brine. The solution was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel gave 76 (0.028 g, 53%) as a pale yellow solid: mp 224-225° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.59-7.31 (m, 10H), 5.93 (s, 1H), 5.26 (d, 1H), 4.81 (s, 2H), 4.65-4.58 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.75 (m, 2H), 2.18-1.99 (m, 4H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.77 (s, 1H), 1.53 (d, 6H), 1.32-1.22 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=498 [C29H35N7O+H]+.
- Compound 72 (0.15 g, 0.40 mmol), trans-4-aminocyclohexanol hydrochloride (0.31 g, 1.99 mmol), Et3N (0.11 mL, 0.8 mmol), and EtOH (5 mL) were combined and heated in a sealed tube at 155° C. for 4 d. Additional trans-4-aminocyclohexanol hydrochloride (0.34 g, 2.2 mmol) and triethylamine (0.60 mL, 4.3 mmol) were added and the heat was resumed at 155° C. overnight. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography to give 77 (0.036 g, 20%) as an off-white solid: mp 196-200° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.58-7.30 (m, 10H), 5.97 (s, 1H), 4.83-4.81 (m, 2H), 4.66-4.60 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.62 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.01-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.68 (s, 1H), 1.53 (d, 6H), 1.49-1.20 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=457 [C27H33N6O+H]+.
- To compound 61 (0.12 g, 0.26 mmol), was added compound 16 (0.12 g, 0.33 mmol), and Pd(PPh3)4 (0.06 g, 0.056 mmol) and toluene (5 mL). The resulting mixture was degassed for 10 min with argon. The mixture was heated at 140° C. for 3 h. The cooled solution was diluted with saturated NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated to give a pale yellow oil which crystallized upon standing at room temperature. The crude product was purified by column chromatography and concentrated to give a white solid. The solid was precipitated with acetonitrile, filtered, washed with ether and hexane to give 78 (0.02 g, 18%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.63 (d, 1H), 8.01 (d, 1H), 7.93-7.83 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.44 (m, 4H), 7.34-7.29 (m, 1H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 4.70-4.60 (m, 2H), 4.57-4.49 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.52 (m, 1H), 2.98-2.88 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.48 (d, 6H), 1.42-1.18 (m, 6H); CI MS m/z=457 [C26H32N8+H]+.
- To compound 24 (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) was added trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (2.00 g, 17 mmol) and EtOH (4 mL). The reagents were heated in a sealed tube in an oil bath at 170° C. for 18 h. The mixture was cooled to 60° C. and partitioned between EtOAc and brine. The EtOAc layer was separated, washed with brine (3×), dried with Na2SO4, and concentrated to give 78 (0.12 g, 50%): mp 135-138° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.03-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.57-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.20 (bs, 1H), 5.95-4.73 (m, 2H), 4.73-4.45 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.60 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.25-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.60 (bs, 3H), 1.52 (d, 6H), 1.38-1.05 (m, 4H); IR (KBr) 3422, 2927, 1599, 1489, 1253, 779 cm−1; API MS m/z=457 [C26H32N8+H]+.
- Compound 78 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) and stirred at room temperature. Pyridine (0.5 mL), Ac2O (0.5 mL, 4.9 mmol), and DMAP (few crystals) were added to the reaction mixture and stirred for 2 h. The solution was diluted in CH2Cl2 and washed in 2N HCl. The HCl layer was concentrated, CH2Cl2 was added and the aqueous phase neutralized with saturated NaHCO3. The CH2Cl2 layer was separated, dried (MgSO4), and concentrated to give 79 (0.03 g, 55%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.00-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.81-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.30-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.15-5.90 (bs, 1H), 5.47-5.28 (m, 1H), 4.96-4.72 (m, 2H), 4.73-4.45 (m, 2H), 2.25-1.82 (m, 4H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.40-1.00 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=499 [C28H34N8O+H]+.
- Compound 74 (0.02 g, 0.05 mmol) was dissolved in dry benzene (5 mL) and stirred under a blanket of argon. The solution was cooled in an ice bath and phenylisocyanate (25 L, 0.23 mmol) was added dropwise. The ice bath was removed and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 0.5 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give a yellow oil. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give 80 (0.008 g):1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.53-7.30 (m, 10H), 7.13-7.06 (m, 4H), 6.98-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 5.65 (s, 1H), 5.02 (d, 1H), 4.85-4.70 (m, 2H), 4.60-4.52 (m, 1H), 4.45-4.40 (m, 1H), 4.36-4.22 (m, 2H), 4.00 (s, 1H), 1.91-1.60 (m, 6H), 1.48-1.43 (m, 6H).
- A mixture of 6-chloronicotinamide (2.96 g, 18.9 mmol), phenylboronic acid (2.54 g, 20.8 mmol), and Pd(PPh3)4 (643 mg, 0.565 mmol) in toluene (47 mL), ethanol (7 mL) and 2M aqueous sodium carbonate solution (21 mL, 43 mmol) was stirred and heated at 90-100° C. under nitrogen for 16 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The resulting solid was washed with water (2×20 mL) and dried in vacuo. To the dried solid was added methanol (50 mL). The mixture was stirred at reflux, cooled to room temperature, and filtered to give the product (90%) as a powder: mp 218-220° C.; 1H NMR (500 Hz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.23 (d, J=2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.41 (dd, J1=2.2 Hz, J2=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J=7. Hz, 2H), 8.20 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.60 (m, 3H).
- To NaBH4 (0.19 g, 5 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL) was added HOAc (0.3 g, 5 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) slowly while the flask was cooled with ice. Compound 82 (0.2 g, 1 mmol) was then added. The mixture was stirred at reflux at 100-110° C. for 4 h and the solvent was evaporated. To this mixture was added water (2 mL) slowly. The mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (4×10 mL), washed with water (3×5 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated, and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel to provide the product as a yellow liquid. This was triturated with ethanol (1 mL) to provide a white solid which was collected (60%) and dried: mp 97-99° C.; 1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.60 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 7.97-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.67 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.37 (m, 3H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 1.77 (bs, 2H).
- A mixture of 2,6-dichloropurine (1, 0.19 g, 1 mmol), amine 83 (0.39 g, 2.15 mmol) in ethanol (13 mL), and water (3 mL) was heated at 100-110° C. under nitrogen for 24 h and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated and water (5 mL) was added. A solid was filtered and washed with water (2×5 mL) and dried under vacuum to give the product (80%) as a yellow solid: mp 260° C. (dec);1H NMR (500 Hz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.26 (s, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 8.34 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.52 (m, 3H), 4.81 (s, 2H).
- To a solution of compound 84 (0.34 g, 1 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL), was added potassium carbonate (0.7 g, 5 mmol) and 2-iodopropane (0.5 g, 3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 24 h and poured into ice water (30 mL). After filtration, the solid was washed with water (4×5 mL), dried under vacuum to give the crude product as a yellow solid. Flash column chromatography of the crude product on silica gel and recrystallization provided the pure product (63%) as ivory colored crystals: mp 138-139° C.;1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.70 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (m, 2H), 7.79 (dd, J1=1.7 Hz, J2=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.39 (m, 3H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 4.80 (m, 1H), 1.55 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); CI MS m/z=379 [C20H19ClN6+H]+. Anal. Calcd. for C20H19ClN6: C, 63.41; H, 5.05; N, 22.18. Found: C, 63.75; H, 5.09; N, 21.87.
- To compound 85 (0.1 g, 0.26 mmol) was added trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (1 g, 8.8 mmol) and EtOH (2 mL). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube in an oil bath at 120° C. The crude product was purified by column chromatography to give 86 (0.08 g, 67%):1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (d, 1H), 7.83-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.55 (m, 4H), 6.35 (bs, 1H), 4.72-4.95 (m, 2H), 4.50-4.72 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.85 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.37-2.63 (bs, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (dd, 4H), 1.53 (d, 6H), 0.72-1.42 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=457 [C26H22N8+H]+.
- Compound 86 (0.08 g, 0.18 mmol) was stirred at room temperature in CH2Cl2 (3 mL). Pyridine (100 mg, 0.82 mmol) was added followed by Ac2O (100 mg, 0.98 mmol) and DMAP (few crystals). After 2 h, more CH2Cl2 (3 mL) was added and the mixture was washed carefully with 2N HCl (10 drops), and saturated NaHCO3. After separation of the CH2Cl2 layer, the organic phase was then dried with Na2SO4 and concentrated to give 87 (80 mg, 92%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.30-7.03 (m, 9H), 5.75-5.38 (m, 1H), 5.02 (bs, 1H), 4.83 (bs, 2H), 4.72-4.40 (m, 1H), 3.73 (bs, 2H), 2.52-1.83 (m, 4H), 1.98 (s, 3H), 1.52 (d, 6H), 1.50-1.00 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=499 [C28H34N8O+H]+.
- Compound 85 (0.05 g, 0.13 mmol) and (R)-(−)-2-amino-1-butanol (0.50 g, 5.6 mmol) were combined in a sealed tube and heated in an oil bath at 190° C. for 2 h then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and brine, washed with brine (3×), dried with Na2SO4, and concentrated. The mixture was allowed to stand over the weekend and then purified by column chromatography on SiO2 to give 88 (0.01 g, 17%) as a foam: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.05-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.30 (m, 4H), 6.55 (bs, 1H), 5.00-4.88 (s, 1H), 4.78 (s, 2H), 4.60 (heptuplet, 1H), 3.98-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.50 (m, 1H), 2.90 (bs, 1H), 1.75-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.53 (d, 6H), 1.00 (t, 3H); API MS m/z=432 [C24H29N7O+H]+.
- A mixture of 6-chloronicotinamide (2.5 g, 16 mmol), crude 2-trimethylstannylpyridine (5.8 g, 24 mmol), and PdCl2(PPh3)2 (560 mg, 0.8 mmol) in DMF (35 mL) was heated at 150-160° C. in a pressure tube for 17 h. The DMF was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was extracted with ethyl acetate (6×30 mL) and concentrated. The residue was treated with methanol (15 mL) and a solid separated which was filtered and dried to give the product (40%) as a powder: mp 237-240° C.; 1H NMR (500 Hz, DMSO-d6) 9.22 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.83 (m, 1H) 8.57-8.53 (m, 2H), 8.48-8.46 (m, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.11-8.07 (m, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.63-7.60 (m, 1H).
- To NaBH4 (0.2 g, 5 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL) was added HOAc (0.29 g, 5 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) slowly while the flask was cooled with ice. Compound 89 (0.199 g, 1 mmol) was then added. The mixture was stirred at reflux at 100-110° C. for 4 h and the solvent was evaporated. To this mixture was added water (2 mL) slowly. The mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (4×10 mL), washed with water (3×5 mL), dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated, and purified by flash chromatography on silica gel to provide the product as a yellow liquid. This was triturated with ethanol (1 mL) and a white solid (32%) was collected and dried: mp 109-112° C.; 1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.63 (m, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.32 (m, 2H), 7.77 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 1.94 (s, 2H).
- A mixture of 2,6-dichloropurine (1, 0.2 g, 1 mmol), compound 90 (0.4 g, 2.2 mmol) in ethanol (13 mL), and water (3 mL) was heated at 100-110° C. under nitrogen for 24 h and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was concentrated and water (5 mL) was added. A solid was filtered and washed with water (2×5 mL) and dried under vacuum to give the product (83%) as a yellow solid: mp 248° C. (dec);1H NMR (500 Hz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.27 (s, 1H), 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.78 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.47 (m, 2H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.06-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 4.84 (s, 2H).
- To the solution of compound 91 (0.35 g, 1 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL), added potassium carbonate (0.68 g, 5 mmol) and 2-iodopropane (0.49 g, 3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 24 h and poured into ice water (30 mL). After filtration, the solid was washed with water (4×5 mL), dried under vacuum to give the crude product as a yellow solid. Flash column chromatography of the crude product on silica gel and recrystallization provided the pure product (64%) as white crystals: mp 150-151° C.;1H NMR (500 Hz, CDCl3) δ 8.71 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.67 (m, 1H), 8.38-8.36 (m, 2H), 7.86-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.30 (m, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 4.82 (m, 1H), 1.57 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); CI MS m/z=380 [C19H18ClN7+H]+. Anal. Calcd. for C19H18ClN7: C, 60.08; H, 4.78; N, 25.81. Found: C, 59.76; H, 4.72; N, 25.57.
- Compound 92 (150 mg, 0.39 mmol), trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (1.50 g, 13.1 mmol), and EtOH (30 mL) were heated to 120° C. for 26 h in a sealed tube. The mixture was cooled, additional EtOAc was added, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to give 93 (170 mg, 94%) as a waxy solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.77-8.60 (m, 1H), 8.44-8.27 (m, 2H), 7.90-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.22 (m, 2H), 6.27 (bs, 1H), 4.96-4.73 (m, 2H), 4.73-4.52 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.60 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.67 (m, 5H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.38-1.05 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=458 [C25H31N9+H]+.
- Compound 93 (0.15 g, 0.33 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (6 mL) and then pyridine (0.200 g, 1.64 mmol) followed by Ac2O (0.200 g, 1.96 mmol) and DMAP (few crystals) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h, washed with 2N HCl and NaHCO3, extracted with CH2Cl2, dried with Na2SO4, and concentrated to give 94 (0.17 g, 69%) as a solid: mp 141-145° C.; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.80-8.63 (m, 1H), 8.45-8.25 (t, 2H), 7.95-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.20 (bs, 1H), 5.50-5.30 (m, 1H), 4.98-4.75 (m, 2H), 4.75-4.50 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.27-1.87 (m, 4H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.52 (d, 6H), 1.40-1.10 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=499 [C27H33N9O+H]+.
- DME (3 mL), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0.01 g, 0.01 mmol), and PPh3 (0.04 g, 0.15 mmol) were added to a round bottomed flask equipped with a condensor and maintained under an argon atmosphere. To the solution was added compound 11 (0.13 g, 0.25 mmol). 3-Fluorobenzene boronic acid (0.123 g, 0.9 mmol) was dissolved in a solution of 2M Na2CO3 (0.6 mL) and DME (1 mL), and added to the reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred under argon and refluxed for 19 h then stirred at room temperature for 22 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O, extracted with CH2Cl2, washed with brine. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The reaction mixture was purified twice by column chromatography and dried under high vacuum to give a white solid (17 mg, 14%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56-7.32 (m, 8H), 7.08-6.99 (m, 1H), 5.86 (br, 1H), 4.83 (d, 2H), 4.71-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.77 (br, 2H), 2.70 (br, 1H), 2.12 (d, 1H), 1.88 (d., 1H), 1.51 (d, 6H), 1.22 (d, 5H), 0.94-0.70 (m, 3H); API MS m/z=474 [C27H32FN7+H]+.
- A stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH2Cl2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac2O (0.16 mL). To this stock solution (1.5 mL) was added compound 95 (0.01 g, 0.02 mmol) followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 26 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl until the aqueous layer was acidic, washed with NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, evaporated, and dried in vacuo for 15 h to give a white solid (11 mg, 92%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65 (br, 1H), 7.77-7.17 (m, 8H), 7.11-6.99 (m, 1H), 5.14 (br, 2H), 4.90 (br, 1H), 4.69 (br, 1H), 3.78 (br, 2H), 2.09 (br, 3H), 1.94 (s, 2H), 1.57 (d, 6H), 1.42 (br, 4H), 1.24 (s, 2H), 0.94-0.76 (m, 1H); CI MS m/z=516 [C29H34FN7O+H]+.
- A stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH2Cl2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac2O (0.16 mL). To this stock solution (1.5 mL) was added compound 13 (0.01 g, 0.02 mmol) followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl until it was acidic, washed with NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, and evaporated to give a white solid (8 mg, 89%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.78 (d, 1H), 8.44 (t, 1H), 7.95 (t, 2H), 7.69-7.45 (m, 5H), 5.30 (br, 2H), 4.84 (br, 1H), 4.68 (br, 1H), 3.78 (br, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.10 (br, 4H), 1.96 (s, 2H), 1.57 (br, 10H), 1.25 (s, 2H), 0.88 (br, 1H); API MS m/z=512 [C30H37N7O+H]+.
- DME (3 mL), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0.01 g, 0.01 mmol), and PPh3 (0.04 g, 0.15 mmol) were added to a round bottom flask equipped with condensor and maintained under an argon atmosphere. Iodide 11 (0.13 g, 0.26 mmol), and 3-chlorobenzene boronic acid (0.15 g, 0.93 mmol) was dissolved in 2M Na2CO3 (0.6 mL) and DME (1 mL). This was then added to the reaction mixture and refluxed for 19.5 h then stirred at room temperature for 30 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with H2O, extracted with CH2Cl2, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography (3×) and evaporated. The product was triturated in hexanes, filtered, and dried in vacuo for 1 h to give a white solid (16 mg): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56-7.38 (m, 9H), 6.01 (br, 1H), 4.80 (d, 2H), 4.71-4.62 (m, 1H), 3.77 (br, 2H), 2.73 (br, 1H), 2.19-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.51 (d, 6H), 1.24 (d, 5H), 0.91-1.76 (m, 3H); API MS m/z=490 [C27H32ClN7+H]+.
- A stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH2Cl2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac2O (0.16 mL). To this solution (1.5 mL) was added compound 98 (0.01 g, 0.02 mmol), followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl until the aqueous layer was acidic, washed with NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to give a white solid (0.01 g, 83%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.65-7.35 (m, 8H), 7.26-7.14 (m, 1H), 5.23 (br, 1H), 4.66 (br, 1H), 3.78 (br, 2H), 2.18-2.00 (m, 4H), 1.94 (s, 3H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.24 (s, 5H), 0.94-0.69 (m, 3H); API MS m/z=532 [C29H34ClN7O+H]+.
- A stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH2Cl2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac2O (0.16 mL). To compound 14 (0.02 g, 0.03 mmol) was added this solution (2 mL), followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl until the aqueous layer was acidic, washed with NaHCO3, filtered, and evaporated to give a white solid (8 mg, 44%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.32 (m, 7H), 7.26-7.14 (m, 1H), 5.96 (br, 1H), 5.23 (d, 1H), 4.84 (br, 2H), 4.69-4.54 (m, 1H), 3.75 (br, 1H), 2.21-2.12 (m, 1H), 2.09-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.36-1.15 (m, 5H), 0.85 (br, 3H); API MS m/z=550 [C29H33ClFN7O+H]+.
- DME (3 mL), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0.01 g, 0.01 mmol), and PPh3 (0.04 g, 0.15 mmol) were added to a round bottomed flask equipped with a condensor and maintained under an argon atmosphere. Compound 10 (0.13 g, 0.26 mmol) and 4-fluorobenzene boronic acid (0.13 g, 0.95 mmol) was dissolved in 2M Na2CO3 (0.6 mL) and DME (1 mL). This was then added to the reaction mixture and refluxed for 19 h then stirred at room temperature for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with H2O, extracted with CH2Cl2, washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and evaporated. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give a white solid (17 mg, 14%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56-7.38 (m, 8H), 7.11 (t, 1H), 5.81 (br, 1H), 4.81 (d, 2H), 4.69-4.57 (m, 1H), 3.78 (br, 2H), 2.69 (br, 1H), 2.12 (br, 1H), 1.88 (br, 1H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.33-1.12 (m, 5H), 0.85 (br, 3H); API MS m/z=474 [C27H32FN7+H]+.
- A stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH2Cl2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac2O (0.16 mL). To the solution (1.4 mL) was added compound 101 (0.01 g, 0.02 mmol), followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl until the aqueous layer was acidic, and washed with saturated NaHCO3. The organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and evaporated to give a product (3 mg). The NaHCO3 layer was further extracted with EtOAc (2×), the organic layers were combined, dried over MgSO4, evaporated to give product 102 (2 mg). The products were combined using EtOAc, evaporated, and dried in vacuo for 15 h to give product 102 (5 mg, 50%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.71-7.08 (m, 9H), 5.29 (br, 2H), 4.84 (br, 1H), 4.66 (br, 1H), 3.78 (br, 2H), 2.09 (br, 4H), 1.97 (s, 1H), 1.57 (br, 3H), 1.24 (d, 6H), 0.87 (br, 5H); API MS m/z=516 [C29H34FN7O+H]+.
- Compound 30 (0.10 g, 0.27 mmol) and trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (0.48 g, 4.2 mmol) were combined with EtOH (2 mL) in a sealed tube and heated at 190° C. for 24 h, and then stirred at room temperature for 46 h. The reaction mixture was purified by column chromatography and dried in vacuo to give 103 as a white solid (0.10 g, 81%):1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.83 (d, 1H), 8.58 (t, 1H), 7.87-7.83 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.47 (m, 5H), 7.38-7.33 (m, 1H), 5.96 (br, 1H), 4.82 (d, 2H), 4.68-4.59 (m, 1H), 3.75 (br, 2H), 2.69 (br, 1H), 2.14 (d, 2H), 1.86 (d, 2H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.31-1.18 (m, 5H); API MS m/z=457 [C26H32N8+H]+.
- A stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH2Cl2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac2O (0.16 mL). To the solution (3.1 mL) was added compound 103 (0.02 g, 0.04 mmol), followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated, dried in vacuo for 19 h, and purified by column chromatography to give a white solid (0.02 g): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.83 (d, 1H), 8.59 (t, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7.55-7.47 (m, 5H), 7.38-7.34 (m, 1H), 5.89 (br, 1H), 5.25 (d, 2H), 4.85 (br, 1H), 4.66-4.61 (m, 1H), 3.77 (br, 2H), 2.15 (br, 2H), 2.05 (br, 2H), 1.97 (s, 2H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.33-1.25 (m, 5H), 0.88 (br, 1H); API MS m/z=499 [C28H34N8O+H]+.
- Compound 72 (0.30 g, 0.80 mmol) and compound 105 (1.15 g, 6.50 mmol) (Gardiner, J. M., et al.Tetrahedron, 42(11):515 (1995), which is hereby incorporated by reference, were combined with EtOH (7 mL) and allowed to reflux for 23 h. Triethylamine (1 mL) was added and the reaction was refluxed further for another 21 h. The reaction mixture was then transferred to a sealed tube and EtOH (3 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was heated further at 100° C. for 3 h. The mixture was purified by column chromatography to give 105 (0.13 g): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.57-7.26 (m, 10H) 5.58 (br, 1H), 5.10 (br, 1H), 4.83 (br, 1H) 4.69-4.62 (m, 2H), 3.36-2.91 (m, 5H), 2.82-2.65 (m, 2H), 1.53 (d, 2H), 1.44 (s, 9H), 1.25 (d, 1H), 1.13 (d, 3H); CI MS m/z=416 [C29H39N7O-Boc+H]+.
- To compound 106 (0.10 g, 0.18 mmol) was added Et2O (2 mL), CH2Cl2 (1 mL) and MeOH (1 mL). During 16 h HCl/ether (1M, 5 mL) was added while stirring. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo for 30 min to provide 106 as an off-white solid (60 mg, 81%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ 8.48 (br, 2H), 8.15 (br, 1H), 7.67-7.27 (m, 10H), 4.79 (br, 1H), 3.60-3.42 (m, 3H), 3.18-3.06 (m, 2H), 3.03-2.91 (m, 2H), 1.52 (d, 2H), 1.27 (d, 6H); CI MS m/z=416 [C24H29N7+H]+.
- A stock solution of acetic anhydride was made by mixing CH2Cl2 (16 mL), pyridine (4 mL), and Ac2O (0.16 mL). To this solution (5.6 mL) was added compound 107 (0.04 g, 0.09 mmol), followed by DMAP (few crystals). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2, washed with 2N HCl until acidic, the organic layer was washed with NaHCO3, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and evaporated to give a white solid (16 mg). The product was purified by column chromatography to provide 108 as a white solid (0.01 g, 18%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.58-7.43 (m, 10H), 6.60 (br, 1H), 5.91 (br, 1H), 5.04 (t, 1H), 4.84 (br, 2H), 4.72-4.59 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.47 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.57 (d, 6H), 1.19 (d, 3H); CI MS m/z=458 [C26H31N7O+H]+.
- Compound 61 (1.0 g, 2.18 mmol), 3-chlorophenylboronic acid (1.3 g, 8.16 mmol), PPh3 (0.3 g, 1.26 mmol), 2M Na2CO3 (5.0 mL), and DME (54 mL) were added to a three-necked round-bottomed flask. The mixture was degassed with argon and heated to reflux for 40 min, cooled to room temperature, and then Pd2(dba)3 (0.08 g, 0.08 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 7 h. 3-Chlorophenylboronic acid (0.6 g) and Pd2(dba)3 (0.08 g) was then added and reflux continued for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with H2O (50 mL), and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with H2O (50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography and concentrated in vacuo to obtain compound 109 (950 mg, 89%): mp 178-181° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.54 (m, 6H), 7.26-7.35 (m, 2H), 6.08 (bs, 1H), 4.81 (bs, 2H), 4.59-4.64 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.81 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.12 (d, 2H), 1.88 (d, 2H), 1.53 (d, 6H), 1.18-1.27 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=490 [C27H32ClN7+H]+.
- Compound 109 (500 mg, 1.02 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL), cooled with an ice-water bath, followed by the addition of DMAP (12.2 mg, 0.1 mmol), pyridine (124 μL, 1.53 mmol), and Ac2O (106 μL, 1.12 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0° C. an ice-water bath then stirred another 2 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel. After removal of the solvent, the residue was dried in vacuo to give 110 (339 mg, 63%): mp 198-200° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.53 (m, 6H), 7.27-7.37 (m, 2H), 6.31 (bs, 1H), 5.28 (d, 1H), 4.78 (bs, 2H), 4.70 (d, 1H), 4.58-4.67 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.83 (m, 1H), 2.18 (d, 2H), 2.00 (d, 2H), 1.90 (s, 3H), 1.51 (d, 6H), 1.18-1.31 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=532 [C29H34ClN7O+H]+.
- Compound 61 (1.0 g, 2.18 mmol), 2-thiopheneboronic acid (1.0 g, 8.16 mmol), PPh3 (0.3 g, 1.26 mmol), 2M Na2CO3 (5.0 mL), Pd2(dba)3 (0.08 g, 0.08 mmol), and DME (54 mL) were added to a round-bottomed flask and purged with argon. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 24 h. 2-Thiopheneboronic acid (0.5 g), Pd2(dba)3 (0.1 g), and 2M Na2CO3 (2 mL) were added and heated to reflux for another 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×50 mL). The organic phase was washed with H2O (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was repeatedly chromatographed on silica gel to obtain 111 (574 mg, 59%): mp 109-110° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 7.24-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.06 (t, 1H), 6.04 (bs, 1H), 4.78 (bs, 2H), 4.59-4.69 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.81 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.14 (d, 2H), 1.87 (d, 2H), 1.52 (d, 6H), 1.17-1.29 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=462 [C25H31N7S+H]+.
- Compound 111 (410.0 mg, 0.89 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and purged with N2 and cooled with an ice-water bath. Pyridine (108 mg, 1.34 mmol) and DMAP (10.9 mg, 0.09 mmol) followed by Ac2O (92 μL, 0.98 mmol) were added slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min in an ice-water bath followed by 2 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel to give 112 (325 mg, 73%): mp 237-244° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.36 (d, 2H), 7.24-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.08 (t, 1H), 6.06 (bs, 1H), 5.34 (s, 1H), 4.78 (bs, 2H), 4.58-4.70 (m, 2H), 3.78 (bs, 2H), 2.17 (d, 2H), 2.04 (d, 2H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 1.56 (d, 6H), 1.18-1.32 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=504 [C27H33N7OS+H]+.
- Compound 12 (600 mg, 1.30 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (40 mL), purged with N2, and cooled to 0° C. followed by an addition of DMAP (15.9 mg, 0.13 mmol), pyridine (165.3 mg, 1.95 mmol), and Ac2O (135 mg, 1.43 mmol). The mixture was stirred 30 min at 0° C. then 2 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel to give 113 (495 mg, 76%): mp 248-253° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.54 (d, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.41 (m, 5H), 6.13 (bs, 1H), 5.28 (d, 1H), 4.78 (br, 2H), 4.61-4.63 (m, 2H), 3.75 (bs, 2H), 2.14 (d, 2H), 1.97 (d, 2H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.52 (d, 6H), 1.15-1.37 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=504 [C27H33N7OS+H]+.
- To compound 61 (1.0 g, 2.18 mmol) was added PPh3 (330 mg, 1.26 mmol), 2M Na2CO3 (5 mL), DME (54 mL), and 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid (1.0 g, 6.03 mmol). The mixture was purged with N2 for 45 min then Pd2(dba)3 (366 mg, 0.4 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated at reflux for 3 d. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (100 mL). The aqueous layer was separated, and washed with CH2Cl2 (3×40 mL). The aqueous layer was adjusted the pH to 5.8 by using 1N HCl. Some precipitate appeared. The mixture was stored in a freezer overnight. The precipitate was collected and dried to obtain 114 (450 mg, 41%): mp 246-249° C. (dec.); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD+NaOD) δ 7.84 (s, 2H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.54-7.63 (m, 4H), 7.39 (s, 2H), 6.08 (bs, 1H), 4.85 (bs, 2H), 4.73 (s, 1H), 3.76 (m, 1H), 2.74 (m, 1H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 1.88 (s, 2H), 1.63 (d, 6H), 1.21-1.36 (m, 4H); CI MS m/z=500 [C28H33N7O2+H]+.
- To a cooled MeOH (20 mL) solution was slowly added TMSCl (253 μL, 2.0 mmol). The solution was stirred 20 min, followed by the addition of 114 (100 mg, 0.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled with an ice-water bath then Et3N (557 mL) was added. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, to provide the crude product, which was washed with water (2×20 mL). The residue was purified by chromatography on a silica gel. After removal of the solvent and drying in vacuo, the residue was dissolved in MeOH (5 mL), followed by the addition of ether (10 mL). The precipitate was collected and dried to provide 115 (75 mg, 73%): mp194-197° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.07 (d, 2H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 2H), 7.63 (d, 2H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 4.63-4.79 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.65-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.07 (bs, 1H), 2.12 (d, 2H), 2.01 (d, 2H), 1.55 (d, 6H), 1.29-1.49 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=514 [C29H35N7O2+H]+.
- To a suspension of compound 114 (250 mg, 0.50 mmol), pyridine (60 μL, 0.75 mmol), and DMAP (6.1 mg, 0.05 mmol) in H2O-dioxane (2:1, 40 mL) was added Ac2O (57 μL, 0.60 mmol). After stirring 4 h at room temperature, K2CO3 (100 mg) was added followed by additional Ac2O (100 μL). The reaction mixture was stirred 2 h at room temperature. Water (50 mL) was added and the pH was adjusted to 5. The precipitate was collected, washed with water and ether, and dried in vacuo. The precipitate (200 mg) was added to a solution of TMSCl (500 μL, 3.94 mmol) in MeOH (25 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred 24 h at room temperature. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The product was purified by silical gel chromatography to provide 117 (145 mg, 52%): mp 247-250° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.09 (d, 2H), 7.64 (d, 2H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, 2H), 5.91 (bs, 1H), 5.18 (d, 1H), 4.83 (bs, 2H), 4.61-4.68 (m, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.78 (m, 2H), 3.07 (bs, 1H), 2.16 (d, 2H), 2.02 (d, 2H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.23-1.32 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=556 [C31H37N7O3+H]+.
- To a solution of compound 117 (90 mg, 0.16 mmol) in MeOH—H2O (6:1, 23 mL) was added KOH (11 mg, 0.19 mmol) in 5 mL MeOH. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 24 h. After removal of the solvent the residue was dissolved in 15 mL of water and washed with CH2Cl2. The aqueous layer was separated and adjusted pH to 4.5 by using 1N HCl. The precipitate was collected and dried to obtain 116 (60 mg, 68%): mp 344-347° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.21 (bs, 1H), 8.14 (d, 2H), 7.64-7.88 (m, 6H), 7.47 (d, 2H), 6.06 (bs, 1H), 5.18 (d, 1H), 4.85 (bs, 2H), 4.51-4.66 (m, 1H), 3.62 (bs, 1H), 3.46 (bs, 1H), 1.89 (bs, 2H), 1.77 (bs, 5H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.47 (d, 6H), 1.23-1.36 (m, 4H); API MS m/z=542 [C30H35N7O3+H]+.
- Compound 61 (1.0 g, 2.18 mmol), 3-carboxyphenylboronic acid (1.0 g, 6.03 mmol), 2N Na2CO3 (5 mL), and DME/EtOH (50 mL) were mixed together and degassed with N2 for 1 h. Pd2(dba)3 (366.0 mg, 0.4 mmol) and PPh3 (330.0 mg, 1.26 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 48 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with CH2Cl2 (50 mL), and extracted with aqueous 5% Na2CO3 (3×30 mL). The combined washes were extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×30 mL) and ether (40 mL). The aqueous phase was neutralized to a pH of 5.8 using 1N HCl and kept in a freezer for 1 h. The precipitate was collected, suspended in MeOH (30 mL) and the insolubles were removed by filtration. To the MeOH solution was added ether (20 mL) to precipitate the product. The white solid was collected and dried in vacuo to offer 118 (65 mg, 6%): mp 205-208° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD+NaOD) δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.63 (m, 3H), 7.35-7.41 (m, 3H), 6.08 (bs, 1H), 4.80 (bs, 2H), 4.59-4.75 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.82 (m, 1H), 2.89-3.01 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.99 (m, 4H), 1.51 (d, 6H), 1.29-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.12-1.23 (m, 2H); API MS m/z=500 [C28H33N7O2+H]+.
- 3-Thiopheneboronic acid (4.5 g, 35.2 mmol) and 6-chloronicotinamide (5.0 g, 32.0 mmol) were dissolved in DMA (150 mL), followed by the addition of 2N Na2CO3 (23 mL). N2 gas was passed through the mixture for 1 h. Pd(PPh3)4 (0.74 g, 0.64 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into an ice-water (1 L) and stirred for 10 min. The precipitate was collected and washed with acetone. The collected solid was suspended in EtOAc (150 mL) and heated to reflux for 5 min. The solid was filtered and collected. After drying in vacuo, 119 (4.5 g, 69%) was obtained: 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, 1H), 8.20 (bs, 1H), 7.99 (d, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.60 (bs, 1H).
- To compound 119 (4.08 g, 20.0 mmol) suspended in THF (50 mL), was added 1M BH3-THF (164 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux for 9 h. The mixture was cooled with an ice-water bath and adjusted to a pH of 1-2, and stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The pH was adjusted to 9-10 (2N NaOH) and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with H2O (50 mL), brine (50 mL), and dried over Na2SO4. After filtration and removal of the solvent, the residue was dissolved in EtOH (50 mL), followed by the addition of 1M HCl/ether (20 mL). The mixture was concentrated to dryness to provide 120 (2.03 g, 45%): 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.61 (d, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.43 (d, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 3.30 (t, 2H).
- Compound 120 (2 g, 8.82 mmol), 2,6-dichloropurine (1.5 g, 8.01 mmol), EtOH (50 mL), and (i-Pr)2NEt (3.8 mL, 22 mmol) were heated at reflux for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled with an ice-water bath. The precipitate was collected and washed with EtOH, H2O, and ether. The precipitate was dried in vacuo to obtain 121 (0.84 g, 31%): 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.02 (bs, 1H), 8.76 (bs, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.07 (bs, 2H), 7.79 (bs, 2H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 4.68 (bs, 2H).
- Compound 121 (950 mg, 2.77 mmol) was dissolved in DMSO (50 mL), and then K2CO3 (2.07 g, 15.0 mmol) was added, followed by the addition of 2-iodopropane (830 L, 8.31 mmol). The reaction mixture then was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into an ice-water bath (400 mL), stirred for 10 min, and extracted with EtOAc (4×50 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with H2O (40 mL), brine (40 mL), and dried over MgSO4. After filtration and removal of the solvent, the residue was dissolved in hot EtOAc (40 mL), followed by the addition of hexanes (80 mL). The precipitate was collected and dried in vacuo to obtain 122 (798 mg, 90%): 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.64 (s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.79 (m, 2H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.36 (d, 1H), 6.11 (bs, 1H), 4.77-4.96 (m, 3H), 1.53 (d, 6H).
- Compound 122 (780.0 mg, 2.03 mmol), trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane (2.3 g, 20.3 mmol), and EtOH (4 mL) were heated in a sealed tube to 150° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (150 mL) and stirred for 10 min. The resulting precipitate was washed with H2O (2×20 mL) and dried. The solid was chromatographed on a silica gel column. After removal of the solvent and drying in vacuo, 123 (765 mg) was obtained: mp 78-81° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.04-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 5.95 (bs, 1H), 4.64 (bs, 2H), 4.33-4.45 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.77 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.76 (m, 1H), 2.13 (d, 2H), 1.90 (d, 2H), 1.63 (bs, 2H), 1.54 (d, 6H), 1.19-1.30 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 159.1, 155.0, 152.7, 151.3, 149.3, 143.3, 142.3, 136.2, 134.8, 133.4, 126.4, 126.4, 123.5, 120.2, 114.8, 50.4, 50.3, 46.5, 42.0, 35.7, 32.3, 22.8; API MS m/z=463 [C24H30N8S+H]+.
- To an ice-cold solution of compound 123 (420 mg, 0.91 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (20 mL) was added pyridine (110 μL, 1.4 mmol), DMAP (11.0 mg, 0.09 mmol) and Ac2O (94.2 μL, 1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min at 0° C., followed by 2 h at room temperature. After removal of the solvent, the residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column. The resulting solid was recrystallized with EtOAc/MeOH and dried in vacuo to give 124 (350 mg, 79%): mp 249-252° C.; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.61 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 6.00 (bs, 1H), 5.25 (d, 1H), 4.77 (bs, 2H), 4.53-4.72 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.77 (m, 2H), 2.10 (d, 2H), 2.00 (d, 2H), 1.94 (s, 3H), 1.52 (d, 6H), 1.17-1.28 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 169.4, 159.0, 155.0, 152.8, 149.2, 142.8, 142.3, 136.1, 134.9, 133.4, 126.5, 126.4, 123.5, 120.2, 114.9, 50.1, 48.3, 46.5, 42.2, 32.2, 32.1, 22.8; API MS m/z=505 [C26H32N8OS+H]+.
- A. Immunopurification of CyclinA/cdk2 and CyclinE/cdk2 Complexes.
- CyclinA/cdk2 and cyclinE/cdk2 assays were carried out with cyclin/cdk complexes isolated from HeLa S-3 suspension cultures. HeLa cells were grown in spinner flasks at 37° C. in Joklik's modified minimum essential media (MEM) supplemented with 7% horse serum. After growing in medium supplemented with 2 mM thymidine for 16-18 h, cultures were arrested at the G1/S border and cyclinA/cdk2 and cyclinE/cdk2 were isolated from cell lysates by immunoprecipitation with antibodies specifically directed against each cyclin subunit. Rabbit anti-cyclinA (H-432) and the mouse monoclonal antibody against cyclinE (HE111) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Cells blocked at the appropriate stage of the cell cycle were disrupted in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 250 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40 plus protease and phosphatase inhibitors) and centrifuged at 10,000×g to remove insoluble material. To isolate cyclin/cdk complexes, 1 μg of anti-cyclin antibody was incubated with lysate from 1×107 cells for 1 h at 4° C. Protein A-coated agarose beads were then added for 1 h to collect antibody-bound immune complexes. The immobilized cyclin/cdk complexes were then washed 4× with lysis buffer to reduce nonspecific protein binding. The complexes were then washed 1× in kinase assay buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT) and aliquoted into individual assay tubes.
- B. Immunopurification of CyclinB/cdk1 Complex.
- HeLa cells are blocked at the G1/S border by culturing in the presence of 2 mM thymidine for 20 h. The cells are then rinsed 3× in phosphate buffered saline and resuspended in regular medium. After 4 h of culture, the mitotic blocker, nocodazole is added to a final concentration of 75 ng/ml. Sixteen hours later, the cells are harvested by centrifugation, washed in PBS, and lysed in cold Lysis Buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 250 mM NaCl, 0.5% NP-40, 1 mM DTT, 25 μg/ml leupeptin, 25 μg/ml aprotinin, 15 μg/ml benzamidine, 1 mM PMSF, 50 mM sodium fluoride, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate) for 15 min at 1×107 cells/ml. The lysate is then clarified by centrifugation at 10,000×g for 10 min. The supernatant is collected and diluted 1:5 with Lysis Buffer. Monoclonal antibody against cyclinB. (GNS1) is added to the supernatant to a final concentration of 5 μg/ml and shaken at 4° C. for 2 h. The immune complexes are then collected by the addition of 200 μl of protein agarose beads for 1 h. The beads are washed 4× in lysis buffer and 1× in kinase assay buffer.
- C. Protein Kinase Assays and Determination of IC50 Values.
- CyclinA/cdk2 assays were carried out with complexes isolated from 0.5×106 cells. CyclinE/cdk2 assays were carried out with complexes isolated from 4×106 cells. CyclinB/cdk1 assays were carried out with complexes isolated from 4×104 cells. After centrifugation, the wash buffer was removed and the complexes resuspended in 15 μl of kinase assay buffer (kinase wash buffer+167 μg/ml histone H1). Compounds being tested for inhibition were added prior to the addition of [γ32p] ATP to a final concentration of 15 μM. The tubes were incubated at 30° C. for 5 min and the reactions were stopped by the addition of an equal volume of 2×SDS-PAGE sample buffer. The samples were then subjected to electrophoresis on 10% SDS-PAGE to resolve the histone H1 from other reaction components. The amount of radioactive phosphate transferred to histone H1 was quantified on a Storm Phosphorimager (Molecular Dynamics).
- Prior to the protein kinase assay, test compounds were dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 25 mM and were diluted to produce final concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μM in the kinase assays. To eliminate possible effects of differences in DMSO concentration, the DMSO was kept constant at 0.04%, including the control reaction. Duplicate assays were performed at each concentration. The activity was plotted as the percent of activity in the absence of added test compound versus test compound concentration. IC50 values were calculated using GraphPad Prism data analysis software.
- D. Measuring the Inhibition of Cell Growth.
- Growth inhibition (GI50) values were measured with HeLa S-3 cells selected for growth on plastic. The procedure was based on the protocol of Skehan et al. (Skehan, P., et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 82:1107-1112 (1990), which is hereby incorporated by reference) HeLa cells were plated at 2×104 cells/well in 96 well plates. One day later, a control plate was fixed by addition of TCA to 5%. After five rinses with tap water the plate was air dried and stored at 4° C. Test compounds were added to the remaining plates at 10-fold dilutions between 0.01 and 100 μM. Two days later all plates were fixed as described above. Cells were then stained by the addition of 100 μl per well of 0.4% sulforhodamine B (SRB) in 1% acetic acid for 30 min at 4° C. Wells were then quickly rinsed 5× with acetic acid (1%) and allowed to air dry. The SRB was then solubilized by the addition of 100 μl per well of unbuffered 10 mM Tris base. Dye was quantified by measuring absorbance at 490 nm on a Molecular Devices kinetic microplate reader. Growth at each inhibitor concentration relative to the untreated control was calculated according to the following equation: percent growth=100×(T−To)/(C−To), where T was the average optical density (OD) of the test wells after 2 days of treatment, To was the average OD of the wells in the control plate on day 0 and C was the average OD of untreated wells. Plots of percent growth versus inhibitor concentration were used to determine the GI50.
- The data below shown in Table 2 summarizes the in vitro cyclin/cdk inhibition constants (IC50) and growth inhibition constants (GI50) of HeLa Cells for the compounds of the current invention. Replicate experimental results are summarized below.
TABLE 2 In Vitro Cyclin/cdk Inhibition (IC50) and Growth Inhibition (GI50) of HeLa Cells For Compounds of the Current Invention. IC50 CyclinA/cdk2 IC50 CyclinE/cdk2 IC50 CyclinB/cdk1 GI50 HeLa Cells Compound (μM) (μM) (μM) (μM) 5 >10 12 7 5 0.4 0.6 >10 12 2 1 3 0.06 0.7 3 0.003 0.9 0.5 0.001 0.2 0.1 0.02 0.0001 13 4 2 4 3 1 0.3 2 0.8 0.9 14 3 0.4 7 0.4 3 2 0.03 0.03 17 1 1 10 0.4 2 0.9 3 0.6 1 0.2 11 0.25 >10 9 0.4 10 2 0.3 0.4 25 1 4 >10 2 6 1 >10 0.4 >10 9 >1 32 2 3 — 5 5 0.9 0.7 33 >10 4 >10 1 13 6 2 8 0.9 34 12 5 >10 7 13 2 6 7 36 >10 >10 >10 20 >10 >10 20 >10 >10 38 >10 >10 >10 0.6 >10 >10 1 0.6 40 >10 >10 >10 9 >10 >10 25 >10 43 >10 >10 >10 4 >10 >10 4 8 46 >10 6 >10 25 8 3 >10 48 22 1 >10 0.3 6 5 0.6 0.5 50 >10 >10 >10 3 7 9 >10 53 >10 15 >10 0.2 >10 4 0.3 0.5 58 11 2 12 2 4 4 0.5 0.7 60 >10 12 >10 7 0.4 >10 6 73 >50 4 >10 0.3 14 12 0.5 >10 >10 0.3 >10 >10 0.5 74 5 2 6 0.2 2 3 0.01 1 2 0.05 0.03 0.05 75 3 3 6 0.09 0.02 0.005 76 12 3 6 0.07 11 5 0.01 3 2 0.06 0.2 0.04 77 >10 4 >10 0.15 >10 14 0.5 0.3 78 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.05 0.9 0.3 0.8 0.025 0.7 0.2 0.08 0.002 79 10 2 3 0.07 0.5 0.1 0.007 1 0.08 0.004 0.4 80 >10 >10 >10 >100 >10 4 >10 2 86 0.9 0.4 2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.03 0.4 0.4 0.01 0.6 0.03 0.01 0.2 87 4 1 5 0.07 2 0.3 0.01 0.5 0.1 0.004 0.006 0.03 0.006 0.001 0.0001 88 3 4 >10 0.1 >10 >10 0.05 2 5 0.04 0.005 93 0.2 0.09 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.08 0.3 94 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.07 0.4 95 1 1 4 0.08 2 0.7 0.003 0.0005 96 8 4 6 0.04 0.01 97 >10 3 10 3 98 6 2 >10 >10 2 2 11 99 >10 9 >10 5 100 >10 4 >10 0.6 101 3 1 4 1 0.9 0.7 1 102 >10 4 — 4 103 0.6 0.2 1 0.03 0.7 0.2 0.008 0.02 0.01 104 7 1 2 0.4 8 1 0.2 106 11 3 — 0.3 4 1 0.1 107 1 2 — 0.4 4 0.3 108 10 >10 — 3 >10 >10 5 109 0.6 0.1 — 0.04 <0.0001 110 0.6 2 — 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 111 0.2 0.07 — 0.02 0.0006 112 2 2 — <0.001 0.002 0.02 0.006 0.0006 113 0.4 0.3 — <0.001 0.00001 0.03 0.001 0.02 114 3 0.7 — >10 115 3 0.4 — 3 116 >10 >10 — >10 >10 117 >10 3 — 3 118 6 1 — >10 >10 123 0.2 0.04 — <0.001 <0.001 0.0001 124 2 0.8 — 0.003 <0.001 <0.0001 - The data below shown in Table 3 summarizes the in vitro cyclin/cdk inhibition (IC50) and growth inhibition (GI50) of HeLa Cells for several reference compounds in comparison to several compounds of the current invention. The chemical structures are provided.
TABLE 3 In Vitro cyclin/cdk Inhibition (IC50) and Growth Inhibition (GI50) of HeLa Cells For Reference Compounds in Comparison to Several Compounds of the Current Invention. IC50 IC50 IC50 GI50 HeLa CyclinA/cdk2 CyclinE/cdk2 CyclinB/cdk1 Cells Compound Structure (μM) (μM) (μM) (μM) Olomoucine 0.5-24 (n > 10) 1-14 (n > 10) 7-23 (n > 10) 75 Roscovitine 2.1 4 3 0.04 0.7 — 30 25 30 >10 25 Flavopiridol 0.06 0.2 0.6 0.04 0.06 (n = 2) 0.18 125 1 0.1 0.6 3 126 0.6 0.8 0.06 0.06 2 0.2 2 4 6 74 5 2 6 0.2 0.01 0.05 127 0.3-2 (n > 15) 0.04-0.07 (n > 15) 0.5-2 (n > 15) 7-15 (n > 15) 88 3 4 >10 0.1 0.05 0.04 - The following data in Tables 4, 5, 6, and 7 summarize the growth inhibition properties of several compounds of the current invention and olomoucine against 60-human transformed cell lines. These data were cooperatively obtained at the National Cancer Institute in their 60-cell line growth inhibition assay according to published procedures (Boyd, M. R., “Anticancer Drug Development Guide,”Preclinical Screening, Clinical Trials, and Approval: Teicher, B. Ed.: Humana Press; Totowa, N.J., 23-42 (1997), which is hereby incorporated by reference).
TABLE 4 In Vitro Growth Inhibition (GI50) of NCI Human Transformed Cell Lines of Several Compounds of the Current Invention. Cancer Type Cell Line 73 GI50 (μM) 17 GI50 (μM) 33 GI50 (μM) 38 GI50 (μM) Breast BT-549 0.25 0.40 51.3 0.32 Breast HS 578T 0.10 6.31 — — Breast MCF7 0.16 0.16 5.2 0.20 Breast MDA-MB-231/ATCC 0.50 — — 0.06 Breast MDA-MB-435 0.25 0.20 4.9 0.05 Breast MDA-N 0.13 0.11 — — Breast NCI/ADR-RES 0.40 0.28 6.3 0.32 Breast T-47D 0.25 0.13 3.9 0.25 CNS SF-268 0.16 0.04 6.3 0.20 CNS SF-295 0.25 0.19 7.8 0.50 CNS SF-539 0.76 0.40 89.1 1.26 CNS SNB-19 0.43 0.14 38.0 0.50 CNS SNB-75 0.02 0.02 — — CNS U251 0.32 0.40 3.7 0.20 Colon COLO 205 0.28 0.05 7.8 0.16 Colon HCC-2998 0.20 0.03 >1000 7.94 Colon HCT-116 0.20 0.16 6.2 0.32 Colon HCT-15 0.18 0.04 8.9 0.25 Colon HT29 — 0.10 8.9 0.25 Colon KM12 0.13 0.03 4.1 0.16 Colon SW-620 — 0.01 2.9 0.03 Leukemia CCRF-CEM 0.25 0.16 4.6 0.20 Leukemia HL-60(TB) — — 3.2 0.04 Leukemia K-562 0.16 0.16 3.1 0.25 Leukemia MOLT-4 0.32 0.25 3.8 0.25 Leukemia RPMI-8226 0.03 0.03 1.5 — Leukemia SR — 0.50 4.5 3.98 Melanoma LOX IMVI — 0.32 16.6 0.40 Melanoma M14 0.03 0.03 7.8 0.05 Melanoma MALME-3M 0.27 19.95 11.7 0.25 Melanoma SK-MEL-2 0.63 1.00 >1000 2.00 Melanoma SK-MEL-28 0.45 0.12 5.9 0.03 Melanoma SK-MEL-5 0.25 0.32 16.2 0.32 Melanoma UACC-257 0.16 0.20 75.9 0.50 Melanoma UACC-62 0.30 0.27 8.3 1.00 Non-Small Cell A549/ATCC 0.03 0.03 4.6 0.13 Lung Non-Small Cell EKVX 0.25 2.51 6.9 0.20 Lung Non-Small Cell HOP-62 0.06 0.20 >1000 0.32 Lung Non-Small Cell HOP-92 1.00 1.58 — 0.32 Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H226 0.22 0.11 — — Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H23 0.32 0.16 26.3 0.32 Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H322M 0.16 >1000 38.9 0.40 Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H460 0.40 0.41 25.7 3.16 Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H522 — — 4.2 — Lung Ovarian IGROV1 0.32 0.20 10.0 0.16 Ovarian OVCAR-3 0.30 0.65 >1000 1.00 Ovarian OVCAR-4 0.32 0.32 31.6 1.26 Ovarian OVCAR-5 0.25 0.26 >1000 0.40 Ovarian OVCAR-8 — 0.13 6.6 0.25 Ovarian SK-OV-3 0.95 0.40 >1000 3.98 Prostate DU-145 7.08 0.63 17.8 1.26 Prostate PC-3 0.35 0.20 >1000 0.40 Renal 786-0 0.20 0.25 18.6 0.32 Renal A498 2.88 1.58 — 1.26 Renal ACHN 0.32 0.40 5.2 2.00 Renal CAKI-1 1.66 0.13 4.4 0.20 Renal RXF 393 0.09 0.02 13.2 0.13 Renal SN12C — 0.56 — — Renal TK-10 — — 8.3 0.40 Renal UO-31 0.06 0.10 8.1 0.13 -
TABLE 5 In Vitro Growth Inhibition (GI50) of NCI Human Transformed Cell Lines of Several Compounds of the Current Invention. Cancer Type Cell Line 43 GI50 (μM) 48 GI50 (μM) 75 GI50 (μM) 76 GI50 (μM) Breast BT-549 4.0 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Breast HS 578T — 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 Breast MCF7 2.7 0.25 <0.01 <0.01 Breast MDA-MB-231/ATCC 3.2 0.09 <0.01 <0.01 Breast MDA-MB-435 2.1 — — — Breast MDA-N — 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 Breast NCI/ADR-RES 5.2 0.12 0.48 0.015 Breast T-47D 2.2 0.15 <0.01 <0.01 CNS SF-268 3.0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 CNS SF-295 4.0 0.24 <0.01 <0.01 CNS SF-539 3.4 0.38 0.02 0.054 CNS SNB-19 5.0 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 CNS SNB-75 — <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 CNS U251 2.3 0.17 <0.01 0.020 Colon COLO 205 1.6 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 Colon HCC-2998 3.4 — — — Colon HCT-116 2.1 0.19 <0.01 0.014 Colon HCT-15 3.9 0.02 0.03 <0.01 Colon HT29 3.6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Colon KM12 2.3 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 Colon SW-620 1.6 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Leukemia CCRF-CEM 2.8 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 Leukemia HL-60(TB) 2.1 — — — Leukemia K-562 3.1 0.16 <0.01 <0.01 Leukemia MOLT-4 2.0 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 Leukemia RPMI-8226 — <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Leukemia SR 2.2 0.16 <0.01 <0.01 Melanoma LOX IMVI 3.4 0.19 <0.01 <0.01 Melanoma M14 2.2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Melanoma MALME-3M 3.0 0.13 <0.01 <0.01 Melanoma SK-MEL-2 61.7 0.48 0.02 0.112 Melanoma SK-MEL-28 2.3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Melanoma SK-MEL-5 2.1 0.17 0.01 0.013 Melanoma UACC-257 4.8 0.04 <0.01 <0.01 Melanoma UACC-62 3.3 0.10 0.01 0.018 Non-Small Cell Lung A549/ATCC 4.1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Non-Small Cell Lung EKVX 2.8 — — — Non-Small Cell Lung HOP-62 3.3 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 Non-Small Cell Lung HOP-92 2.6 0.46 <0.01 0.017 Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H226 — — — — Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H23 4.3 0.07 <0.01 <0.01 Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H322M 3.5 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H460 3.2 0.25 <0.01 0.047 Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H522 — <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Ovarian IGROV1 3.4 0.23 <0.01 <0.01 Ovarian OVCAR-3 9.3 0.17 <0.01 <0.01 Ovarian OVCAR-4 8.9 0.20 <0.01 <0.01 Ovarian OVCAR-5 3.6 0.16 <0.01 <0.01 Ovarian OVCAR-8 3.9 0.10 <0.01 <0.01 Ovarian SK-OV-3 72.4 1.38 0.03 0.051 Prostate DU-145 2.6 0.55 <0.01 0.043 Prostate PC-3 38.9 0.23 <0.01 <0.01 Renal 786-0 3.1 0.25 <0.01 <0.01 Renal A498 3.0 0.39 0.01 <0.01 Renal ACHN 3.1 0.25 0.02 0.025 Renal CAKI-1 3.0 — — — Renal RXF 393 1.9 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Renal SN12C — 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 Renal TK-10 3.2 0.37 <0.01 0.013 Renal UO-31 2.8 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 -
TABLE 6 In Vitro Growth Inhibition (GI50) of NCI Human Transformed Cell Lines of Several Compounds of the Current Invention. Cancer Type Cell Line 79 GI50 (μM) 87 GI50 (μM) 12 GI50 (μM) Breast BT-549 <0.01 0.02 0.041 Breast HS 578T <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Breast MCF7 <0.01 0.04 <0.005 Breast MDA-MB-231/ATCC <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Breast MDA-MB-435 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Breast MDA-N <0.01 0.014 <0.005 Breast NCI/ADR-RES 0.86 0.28 1.26 Breast T-47D <0.01 0.048 0.0088 CNS SF-268 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 CNS SF-295 <0.01 0.047 0.018 CNS SF-539 <0.01 0.081 0.022 CNS SNB-19 <0.01 0.038 0.016 CNS SNB-75 <0.01 0.012 <0.005 CNS U251 <0.01 0.028 0.0078 Colon COLO 205 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Colon HCC-2998 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Colon HCT-116 <0.01 0.037 0.0089 Colon HCT-15 <0.01 0.066 0.17 Colon HT29 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Colon KM12 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Colon SW-620 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Leukemia CCRF-CEM <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Leukemia HL-60(TB) <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Leukemia K-562 <0.01 0.024 <0.005 Leukemia MOLT-4 <0.01 0.02 <0.005 Leukemia RPMI-8226 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Leukemia SR <0.01 0.032 <0.005 Melanoma LOX IMVI <0.01 0.027 <0.005 Melanoma M14 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Melanoma MALME-3M <0.01 0.024 0.010 Melanoma SK-MEL-2 <0.01 0.056 0.0096 Melanoma SK-MEL-28 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 Melanoma SK-MEL-5 <0.01 0.028 0.014 Melanoma UACC-257 <0.01 0.017 0.008 Melanoma UACC-62 <0.01 0.045 0.027 Non-Small Cell Lung A549/ATCC <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Non-Small Cell Lung EKVX <0.01 0.081 0.023 Non-Small Cell Lung HOP-62 <0.01 0.01 <0.005 Non-Small Cell Lung HOP-92 <0.01 0.088 0.011 Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H226 <0.01 0.0.052 0.021 Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H23 <0.01 0.022 <0.005 Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H322M <0.01 0.021 <0.005 Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H460 <0.01 0.22 0.015 Non-Small Cell Lung NCI-H522 <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Ovarian IGROV1 <0.01 0.052 0.013 Ovarian OVCAR-3 <0.01 0.05 0.012 Ovarian OVCAR-4 <0.01 0.048 <0.005 Ovarian OVCAR-5 <0.01 0.051 0.017 Ovarian OVCAR-8 <0.01 0.033 0.0076 Ovarian SK-OV-3 <0.01 0.35 0.018 Prostate DU-145 <0.01 0.22 0.017 Prostate PC-3 <0.01 0.018 <0.005 Renal 786-0 <0.01 0.047 0.0065 Renal A498 <0.01 0.10 0.016 Renal ACHN <0.01 0.19 0.039 Renal CAKI-1 <0.01 0.064 0.038 Renal RXF 393 <0.01 0.011 <0.005 Renal SN12C <0.01 <0.01 <0.005 Renal TK-10 <0.01 0.029 0.01 Renal UO-31 <0.01 0.016 0.063 -
TABLE 7 In Vitro Growth Inhibition (GI50) of NCI Human Transformed Cell Lines of Several Compounds of the Current Invention and Olomoucine. Olomoucine GI50 Cancer Type Cell Line 74 GI50 (μM) 78 GI50 (μM) 77 GI50 (μM) (μM) Breast BT-549 0.16 0.04 <0.01 79 Breast HS 578T <0.01 — <0.01 63 Breast MCF7 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 50 Breast MDA-MB-231/ATCC <0.01 <0.01 0.04 100 Breast MDA-MB-435 — — — 63 Breast MDA-N <0.01 <0.01 0.01 79 Breast NCI/ADR-RES 0.24 14.45 0.03 100 Breast T-47D <0.01 0.03 0.01 63 CNS SF-268 <0.01 — <0.01 50 CNS SF-295 <0.01 0.21 0.04 79 CNS SF-539 0.07 — 0.22 32 CNS SNB-19 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 63 CNS SNB-75 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 25 CNS U251 <0.01 0.02 0.09 50 Colon COLO 205 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 32 Colon HCC-2998 — <0.01 — 63 Colon HCT-116 <0.01 0.03 0.05 40 Colon HCT-15 <0.01 1.48 <0.01 40 Colon HT29 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 63 Colon KM12 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 40 Colon SW-620 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 40 Leukemia CCRF-CEM <0.01 — <0.01 40 Leukemia HL-60(TB) — <0.01 — 40 Leukemia K-562 <0.01 0.02 0.02 100 Leukemia MOLT-4 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 63 Leukemia RPMI-8226 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 50 Leukemia SR <0.01 — 0.02 25 Melanoma LOX IMVI <0.01 — 0.04 32 Melanoma M14 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 100 Melanoma MALME-3M 0.01 0.01 0.05 100 Melanoma SK-MEL-2 0.06 0.02 0.51 100 Melanoma SK-MEL-28 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 50 Melanoma SK-MEL-5 0.06 0.10 0.08 40 Melanoma UACC-257 <0.01 0.02 0.02 79 Melanoma UACC-62 0.04 0.03 0.12 32 Non-Small Cell A549/ATCC <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 50 Lung Non-Small Cell EKVX — 0.05 — 100 Lung Non-Small Cell HOP-62 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 32 Lung Non-Small Cell HOP-92 0.03 — 0.13 50 Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H226 — 0.02 — 50 Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H23 <0.01 0.01 0.01 79 Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H322M <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 63 Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H460 <0.01 0.05 0.22 63 Lung Non-Small Cell NCI-H522 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 40 Lung Ovarian IGROV1 <0.01 <0.01 0.09 40 Ovarian OVCAR-3 <0.01 0.03 0.02 79 Ovarian OVCAR-4 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 100 Ovarian OVCAR-5 0.03 <0.01 0.04 40 Ovarian OVCAR-8 <0.01 0.02 0.02 63 Ovarian SK-OV-3 0.22 0.06 0.19 100 Prostate DU-145 0.02 0.06 0.13 40 Prostate PC-3 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 100 Renal 786-0 <0.01 0.04 0.03 63 Renal A498 0.03 0.03 0.03 32 Renal ACHN 0.03 0.32 0.11 25 Renal CAKI-1 — 0.79 — 32 Renal RXF 393 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 20 Renal SN12C <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 100 Renal TK-10 <0.01 0.07 0.05 63 Renal UO-31 0.01 0.17 <0.01 32 - Although the invention has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration, it is understood that such detail is solely for that purpose, and variations can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention which is defined by the following claims.
Claims (21)
1. A compound of the following formula:
wherein:
R1 are the same or different and independently selected from the group consisting of:
H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl; and
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
X=CH;
R2=phenyl;
substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from the group consisting of R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, and C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
1-naphthyl;
2-naphthyl;
heterocycles selected from the group consisting of:
2-pyridyl;
3-pyridyl;
4-pyridyl;
5-pyrimidyl;
thiophene-2-yl;
thiophene-3-yl;
2-furanyl;
3-furanyl;
2-benzofuranyl;
benzothiophene-2-yl;
2-pyrrolyl;
3-pyrrolyl;
2-quinolinyl;
3-quinolinyl;
4-quinolinyl;
1-isoquinolinyl;
3-isoquinolinyl; and
4-isoquinolinyl; or
substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, F, R1, and C(O)CH3;
R3 are the same or different and independently selected from the group consisting of:
H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
(CH2)nPh; and
(CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2;
R4=H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl; or
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
R3 and R4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
n=0-3;
Y=H;
OR1;
NHR1;
NHC(O)R3;
NHSO2R3;
NHC(O)NHR3;
NHC(O)R5; or
NHC(O)OR6;
R5═C3-C7-cycloalkyl;
R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
(CH2)nPh; or
(CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
with the proviso that when R1=CH(CH3)2, and R2=Ph, and X=CH, then R3≠H, and n≠0, and R4≠H, and Y≠OH.
2. A compound according to claim 1 , wherein
R3 are the same or different and independently selected from the group consisting of:
H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl; and
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
Y=H;
OR1;
NHR1;
NHC(O)R3;
NHSO2R3; or
NHC(O)NHR3; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. A compound of the following formula:
wherein:
R1 are the same or different and independently selected from the group consisting of:
H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl; and
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
X=CH;
R2=phenyl;
substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and independently selected from the group consisting of R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, and C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
heterocycles selected from the group consisting of:
2-pyridyl;
3-pyridyl;
4-pyridyl;
5-pyrimidyl;
thiophene-2-yl;
thiophene-3-yl;
2-furanyl;
3-furanyl;
2-benzofuranyl;
benzothiophene-2-yl;
2-pyrrolyl;
3-pyrrolyl;
2-quinolinyl;
3-quinolinyl;
4-quinolinyl;
1-isoquinolinyl;
3-isoquinolinyl; and
4-isoquinolinyl; or
substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, F, R1, and C(O)CH3;
Y=OR1;
NHR1;
NHC(O)R1;
NHSO2R1;
NHC(O)NHR1; or
NHC(O)OR1;
R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
C2-C4-alkenyl chain; or
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
10. A pharmaceutical composition of matter comprising the compound of claim 1 and one or more pharmaceutical excipients.
11. A pharmaceutical composition of matter comprising the compound of claim 3 and one or more pharmaceutical excipients.
12. A process for preparation of a purine derivative compound of the formula:
wherein:
R1 are the same or different and independently selected from the group consisting of:
H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl; and
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
X=CH;
R2=phenyl;
substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from the group consisting of R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, and C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
1-naphthyl;
2-naphthyl;
heterocycles selected from the group consisting of:
2-pyridyl;
3-pyridyl;
4-pyridyl;
5-pyrimidyl;
thiophene-2-yl;
thiophene-3-yl;
2-furanyl;
3-furanyl;
2-benzofuranyl;
benzothiophene-2-yl;
2-pyrrolyl;
3-pyrrolyl;
2-quinolinyl;
3-quinolinyl;
4-quinolinyl;
1-isoquinolinyl;
3-isoquinolinyl; and
4-isoquinolinyl; or
substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, F, R1, and C(O)CH3;
R3 are the same or different and independently selected from the group consisting of
H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
(CH2)nPh; and
(CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2;
R4=H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl; or
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
R3 and R4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
n=0-3;
Y=H;
OR1;
NHR1;
NHC(O)R3;
NHSO2R3;
NHC(O)NHR3;
NHC(O)R5; or
NHC(O)OR6;
R5=C3-C7-cycloalkyl;
R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
(CH2)nPh; or
(CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
with the proviso that when R1=CH(CH3)2, and R2=Ph, and X=CH, then R3≠H, and n=0, and R4≠H, and Y≠OH, said process comprising:
reacting a first intermediate compound of the formula:
where
Z=Br or I
with a compound of the formula: R2—B(OH)2, R2—Sn(n-Bu)3, R2—Sn(Me)3, or mixtures thereof, under conditions effective to form the purine derivative compound.
14. A process according to claim 13 , wherein if Y in the second compound is NH2, said process further comprises:
reacting the purine derivative compound with R3C(O)Cl or R3SO2Cl or R3NCO or R3OC(O)Cl under conditions effective to form a final product having the same formula as the purine derivative compound except that Y is NHC(O)R3 or NHSO2R3 or NHC(O)NHR3 or NHC(O)OR6.
18. A process for preparation of a purine derivative compound of the formula
wherein:
R1 are the same or different and independently selected from the group consisting of:
H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl; and
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
X=CH;
R2=phenyl;
substituted phenyl, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from the group consisting of R1, OR1, SR1, S(O)R1, S(O2)R1, NHR1, NO2, OC(O)CH3, NHC(O)CH3, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)R1, C(O)NHR1, phenyl, and C(O)NHCHR1CH2OH;
1-naphthyl;
2-naphthyl;
heterocycles selected from the group consisting of:
2-pyridyl;
3-pyridyl;
4-pyridyl;
5-pyrimidyl;
thiophene-2-yl;
thiophene-3-yl;
2-furanyl;
3-furanyl;
2-benzofuranyl;
benzothiophene-2-yl;
2-pyrrolyl;
3-pyrrolyl;
2-quinolinyl;
3-quinolinyl;
4-quinolinyl;
1-isoquinolinyl;
3-isoquinolinyl; and
4-isoquinolinyl; or
substituted heterocycle, wherein the substituents (1-2 in number) are in any position and are independently selected from the group consisting of Br, Cl, F, R1, and C(O)CH3;
R3 are the same or different and independently selected from the group consisting of
H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
(CH2)nPh; and
(CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2;
R4=H;
C1-C4-straight chain alkyl; or
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
R3 and R4 can be linked together by a carbon chain to form a 5-8-membered ring;
n-=0-3;
Y=H;
OR1;
NHR1;
NHC(O)R3;
NHSO2R3;
NHC(O)NHR3;
NHC(O)R5; or
NHC(O)OR6;
R5=C3-C7-cycloalkyl;
R6=C1-C4-straight chain alkyl;
C3-C4-branched chain alkyl;
C2-C4-alkenyl chain;
(CH2)nPh; or
(CH2)n-substituted phenyl, wherein the phenyl substituents are as defined above in R2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
with the proviso that when R1=CH(CH3)2, and R2=Ph, and X=CH, then R3≠H, and n≠0, and R4≠H, and Y≠OH, said process comprising:
reacting a first intermediate compound of the formula:
with a second compound of the formula:
under conditions effective to form the purine derivative compound.
19. A process according to claim 18 , wherein if Y in the second compound is NH2, said process further comprises:
reacting the purine derivative compound with R3C(O)Cl or R3SO2Cl or R3NCO or R3OC(O)Cl under conditions effective to form a final product having the same formula as the purine derivative compound except that Y is NHC(O)R3 or NHSO2R3 or NHC(O)NHR3 or NHC(O)OR6.
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US10/640,154 US20040063727A1 (en) | 1999-03-17 | 2003-08-13 | 6-Substituted biaryl purine derivatives as potent cyclin/cdk inhibitors and antiproliferative agents |
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US12482999P | 1999-03-17 | 1999-03-17 | |
US09/493,790 US6627633B2 (en) | 1999-03-17 | 2000-01-28 | 6-substituted biaryl purine derivatives as potent cyclin/CDK inhibitors and antiproliferative agents |
US10/640,154 US20040063727A1 (en) | 1999-03-17 | 2003-08-13 | 6-Substituted biaryl purine derivatives as potent cyclin/cdk inhibitors and antiproliferative agents |
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US10/640,154 Abandoned US20040063727A1 (en) | 1999-03-17 | 2003-08-13 | 6-Substituted biaryl purine derivatives as potent cyclin/cdk inhibitors and antiproliferative agents |
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US (2) | US6627633B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1165561A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002539213A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20010113758A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3893100A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2367354A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000055161A1 (en) |
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GB9907658D0 (en) | 1999-04-06 | 1999-05-26 | Zeneca Ltd | Chemical compounds |
GB9919778D0 (en) | 1999-08-21 | 1999-10-27 | Zeneca Ltd | Chemical compounds |
GB0004890D0 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-19 | Astrazeneca Uk Ltd | Chemical compounds |
GB0004887D0 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-19 | Astrazeneca Uk Ltd | Chemical compounds |
GB0004886D0 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-19 | Astrazeneca Uk Ltd | Chemical compounds |
GB0004888D0 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-19 | Astrazeneca Uk Ltd | Chemical compounds |
GB0007371D0 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2000-05-17 | Astrazeneca Uk Ltd | Chemical compounds |
GB0016877D0 (en) | 2000-07-11 | 2000-08-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
GB0021726D0 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2000-10-18 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
GB0103926D0 (en) | 2001-02-17 | 2001-04-04 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
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GB0219052D0 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2002-09-25 | Cyclacel Ltd | New puring derivatives |
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GB0311276D0 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2003-06-18 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
GB0311274D0 (en) | 2003-05-16 | 2003-06-18 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
TW200528101A (en) | 2004-02-03 | 2005-09-01 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
CN100526315C (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2009-08-12 | 浙江医药股份有限公司新昌制药厂 | N2-quinoline or isoquinoline substituted purine derivative and its preparation method and uses |
CA2623374A1 (en) | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-05 | Astrazeneca Ab | Imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine having anti-cell-proliferation activity |
JP5362565B2 (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2013-12-11 | スミスクライン ビーチャム コーポレーション | Novel compounds that are opioid receptor antagonists or inverse agonists |
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CN105348298B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2019-03-19 | 沈阳中化农药化工研发有限公司 | Substituted aryl pyridine compounds and their and application thereof |
CN114980900A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2022-08-30 | 上海华禹生物科技有限公司 | N 2 -quinoline or isoquinoline substituted purine derivatives for use in the treatment of cancer |
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WO2000055161A1 (en) | 2000-09-21 |
US20030125342A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
US6627633B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 |
CA2367354A1 (en) | 2000-09-21 |
AU3893100A (en) | 2000-10-04 |
JP2002539213A (en) | 2002-11-19 |
EP1165561A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
KR20010113758A (en) | 2001-12-28 |
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