US20040081826A1 - Method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the product of the method - Google Patents
Method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the product of the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040081826A1 US20040081826A1 US10/281,671 US28167102A US2004081826A1 US 20040081826 A1 US20040081826 A1 US 20040081826A1 US 28167102 A US28167102 A US 28167102A US 2004081826 A1 US2004081826 A1 US 2004081826A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbon black
- filament
- electrothermal
- monomer
- grafted copolymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
- H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D11/00—Other features of manufacture
- D01D11/06—Coating with spinning solutions or melts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/09—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt for making electroconductive or anti-static filaments
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black that first grafts carbon black to monomer to form grafted copolymer. Then, the grafted copolymer is coated around the filament to form a conductive core. Lastly, membrane is laminated around the conductive core to protect and insulate the core.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a method of producing electrothermal filament and the electrothermal filaments themselves, and more particularly a method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black by a grafting technique and the electrothermal filament containing carbon black.
- 2. Description of Related Art
- Since so many improvements have taken place in the textile field, cloth has to have more features to attract consumers. Multiple features such as waterproofing or heat retention are added to finished cloth. How to make cloth retain heat is a special and valuable feature to textile manufacturers.
- Numerous electrically conductive fibers with unstable electrical properties have been developed. Most of them are cloth combined with conductive media such as conductive filaments, conductive plates or semi-conductive membranes. However, the resultant cloth incorporating a conductive media is very heavy and inflexible so that the cloth is inconvenient to carry and handle and is hard to tailor to a desired shape. Although the cloth with conductive membrane has better resilient than other cloth with other conductive media, the cloth with conductive membrane still do not have water-proof efficiency and easily deteriorates after laundering and no longer conducts electricity. Other electrically conductive fibers are made by plating a metal layer on the surface of a non-conductive fiber or by formation of an electrically conductive coating layer on a fiber from resin or rubber in which electrically-conductive carbon black is incorporated. Drawbacks are their complex and difficult production processes or their easy loss of electrical conductivity during clearing involving chemical treatment and in actual use involving wear and repeated washing.
- The present invention has arisen to mitigate and/or obviate the disadvantages of the conventional electrically conductive fiber.
- The main objective of the present invention is to provide a method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black that produces electrically conductive filaments having excellent resilience and durable electrical conductivity even after repeated laundering.
- Further benefits and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after a careful reading of the detailed description with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method of producing electrothermal filaments containing carbon black in accordance with the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the method in FIG. 1 being carried out; and
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side plan view of an electrothermal filament containing carbon black in accordance with the present invention.
- With reference to FIG. 1, a method of producing an electrothermal filament containing carbon black in accordance with the present invention comprising the acts of obtaining the materials, grafting carbon black to monomers to form grafted copolymers, coating a filament with the grafted copolymers, laminating a membrane on the filament and attaching two electrodes to each electrothermal filament.
- The material that must be obtained to perform the method of producing an electrothermal filament containing carbon black consists of micro-powder carbon black, a grafting monomer, an initiator, a terminating agent, nitrogen gas and rolls of a membrane. Carbon black is micro-particles and is conductive material. The grafting monomer is styrene, and the initiator contains 0.5˜2% benzoyl peroxide. The terminating agent is acetone. The membrane is a soft, flexible material such as a polyethylene (PE) or thermoplastic urethane (TPU) elastomer.
- To graft the carbon black to a monomer, the carbon black is mixed with a grafting monomer and an initiator. Carbon black and styrene are respectively 8˜15% and 80˜90% with the residual proportion being the initiator. At the end of the grafting step, the terminating agent is added to the mixture of carbon black and the monomer to stop the grafting reaction.
- The carbon black, grafting monomer (styrene) and the initiator (benzoyl peroxide) are mixed in a reaction tank to form a grafted copolymer. Then, nitrogen gas is guided into the reaction tank to maintain the temperature of mixture in the tank at 60° C. The grafting reaction takes 6˜8 hours. At the end of the grafting reaction, the terminating agent (acetone) is added to the reaction tank to stop the grafting reaction thereby controlling the quantity of carbon black in the grafted copolymer. Consequently, the quality of the grafted copolymer is controlled and stable. The grafting reaction is depicted in the following chemical reaction: Carbon black+C6H5—(C2H2) 60° C. for 6˜8 hr carbon black-(C2H2)—C6H5
- According to this reaction, the carbon black is grafted with monomer by free radicals of the carbon black to coat a layer of monomer around outer periphery of the carbon black micro-particles. Whereby, each carbon black micro-particle repulse others to avoid coagulation between carbon black micro-particles.
- To coat filaments with grafted copolymer, filaments are passed through the grafted copolymer to coat the filaments with a layer containing carbon black. With reference to FIG. 2, the filament (10) wound on a spindle (101) is reeved around rollers (12) through grafted copolymer (20) in a first tank (11). When the filament (10) passes through the grafted copolymer (20) in the first soaking tank (11), the grafted copolymer (20) permeates and coats the filament (10). After the filament (10) leaves the grafted copolymer (20) in the first tank (11), a pair of rollers (12) squeegees excess grafted copolymer (20) from the filament (10). Then the filament (10) is passed through grafted copolymer (20) in a second tank (13) and a third tank (15) to increase the thickness of the grafted copolymer on the filament (10) to ensure that sufficient the carbon black is on the filament (10). After coating the filament (10) with the grafted copolymer (20), the filament (10) is delivered to a curing roller assembly (17) to completely cure the grafted copolymer on the filament (10).
- After curing the grafted copolymer on the filament, two sheets of a membrane (25) are respectively delivered from two membrane spindles (18) respectively mounted on opposite sides of the filament (10). The membranes (25) are laminated on the filament (10) by a pair of compressing wheels (181). The membrane (25) on the filament (10) keeps the carbon black from easily coming off the filament (10) and provides an insulating layer to complete the electrothermal filament. Lastly, the electrothermal filaments are winded up on a final roller (19).
- With reference to FIG. 3, each electrothermal filament (30) is composed of a conductive core (21) of grafted copolymer and a membrane (25) surrounding around the core (21). The conductive core (21) has two ends projecting out of the membrane (25), and two electrodes (35) are respectively attached to opposite ends of the conductive core (21). The electrothermal filament (30) generates heat when current passes through the conductive core (21).
- Based on the foregoing description, the electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the method of producing said filament have the following advantages:
- 1. Because the carbon black is grafted with grafting monomer, the carbon black has polarization to cause repulsion effect after grafting with the monomer and then is evenly distributed when coated on the filament. Therefore, the electrothermal filament uses less carbon black but has excellent conductivity to evenly heat the electrothermal filament.
- 2. The soft and flexible membrane coating around the conductive core encloses the carbon black inside to prevent the carbon black from separating from the filament during washing. Additionally, the flexibility of the electrothermal filament is improved after laminating the membrane.
- 3. The electrothermal filament using carbon black to form the conductive core is light and efficiently generates heat. Therefore, the cloth made of the electrothermal filament is light-weight and has excellent warming features during use.
- Although the invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black, the method comprising following acts:
obtaining carbon black, a grafting monomer, an initiator, a terminating agent, nitrogen gas and rolls of a membrane;
grafting the carbon black with monomers by mixing the carbon black with the grafting monomer and initiator to graft the carbon black to the monomer to form grafted copolymers and then adding a terminating agent to the mixture to stop the grafting;
coating the filaments with the grafted copolymers by passing the filaments through the grafted copolymers to apply a layer of carbon black on the filaments; and
laminating membranes on the filament.
2. The method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black as claimed in claim 1 , wherein
the monomer is styrene;
the initiatior is a 0.5˜2% benzoyl peroxide solution;
the terminating agent is acetone;
the membranes are soft and flexible material selected from the group comprising polyethylene (PE) or thermoplastic urethane (TPU) elastomer; and
the carbon black proportion is 8˜15%;
the styrene monomer is 80˜90%; and
the remaining component is benzoyl peroxide solution.
3. The method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the carbon black, styrene monomer, and benzoyl peroxide are mixed to form a grafted copolymer;
wherein nitrogen gas is added to maintain a temperature of 60° F. for 6 to 8 hours.
4. The method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black as claimed in claim 1 , where the act of coating the filaments with the grafted copolymer comprises passing the filament through the grafted copolymer three times to ensure sufficient carbon black is on the filament.
5. The method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the act of respectively attaching two electrodes to opposite ends of each electrothermal filament.
6. An electrothermal filament in accordance with the present invention comprising:
grafted copolymer formed by grafting carbon black to a monomer;
a filament having two ends coated with the grafted copolymer; and
a membrane laminated on the filament having the grafted copolymer as insulation.
7. The electrothermal filament as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the electrothermal filament further has two electrodes respectively attached to opposite ends of the electrothermal filament.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/281,671 US20040081826A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-28 | Method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the product of the method |
EP02024120A EP1416071A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-29 | Method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the product of the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/281,671 US20040081826A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-28 | Method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the product of the method |
EP02024120A EP1416071A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-29 | Method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the product of the method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040081826A1 true US20040081826A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
Family
ID=32773611
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/281,671 Abandoned US20040081826A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-28 | Method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the product of the method |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040081826A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1416071A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4582747A (en) * | 1984-02-16 | 1986-04-15 | Teijin Limited | Dust-proof fabric |
US5308465A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1994-05-03 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Membrane for a gas diffusion electrode, process of manufacturing the membrane, and gas diffusion electrode provided with the membrane |
US6417283B1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2002-07-09 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Carbon black graft polymer |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB859292A (en) * | 1957-12-05 | 1961-01-18 | Crylor | Vinyl and vinylidene polymers pigmented with carbon black |
JPS513097B1 (en) * | 1970-09-21 | 1976-01-31 | ||
DE2440428A1 (en) * | 1974-08-23 | 1976-03-04 | Int Uni Heat Anstalt | Electrically conductive synthetic fibrous textile matl. - has carbon particles embedded in fibres, particles adhering to matrix without binder |
JPS59217715A (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1984-12-07 | Achilles Corp | Production of carbon-containing polystyrene resin |
JPS62100968A (en) * | 1985-10-29 | 1987-05-11 | 東レ株式会社 | String heater element and manufacture of the same |
-
2002
- 2002-10-28 US US10/281,671 patent/US20040081826A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-10-29 EP EP02024120A patent/EP1416071A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4582747A (en) * | 1984-02-16 | 1986-04-15 | Teijin Limited | Dust-proof fabric |
US5308465A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1994-05-03 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Membrane for a gas diffusion electrode, process of manufacturing the membrane, and gas diffusion electrode provided with the membrane |
US6417283B1 (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2002-07-09 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Carbon black graft polymer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1416071A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7379587B2 (en) | Chemically modified base material | |
CN103493233A (en) | Composite material comprising a layer of polymeric piezoelectric material matched with a textile substrate and method for making such a composite material | |
TW201122178A (en) | Composite fiber having elastomer and method for making the same, and a substrate having the composite fiber and method for making the same | |
USRE39000E1 (en) | Method of modifying the surface of a solid polymer substrate and the product obtained | |
US20120225248A1 (en) | Artificial leather having composite fiber and method for making the same | |
CN107298846A (en) | A kind of elastic conduction composite and preparation method thereof | |
CA2409889C (en) | Method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the product of the method | |
CN109898334B (en) | Heat-conducting impregnated canvas and preparation method thereof | |
US20040081826A1 (en) | Method of producing electrothermal filament containing carbon black and the product of the method | |
Elyashevich et al. | Composite membranes with conducting polymer microtubules as new electroactive and transport systems | |
KR200307294Y1 (en) | Electrothermal filament containing carbonblack | |
JP3238238B2 (en) | Ion exchange membrane | |
JPH04261844A (en) | Method for manufacture of elastic plastic composite material, composite material and air spring bellows made from said composite material | |
CN100546815C (en) | To all-steel cord, rubber-coated method and the rubber coating unit of steel wire | |
JPH0778608A (en) | Battery separator and manufacture thereof | |
JPS634699A (en) | Manufacture of amorphous metal laminated sheet of wide widthand long length | |
CN109173739B (en) | Charge separation membrane and preparation method thereof | |
CA1155721A (en) | Process for increasing the electric power of heating elements consisting of metallized textile sheets by a subsequent surface treatment | |
CN102758358A (en) | Artificial leather containing composite fibers and manufacturing method thereof | |
KR101349420B1 (en) | The pore multi-layer film and the method of it | |
JP2016100146A (en) | Resin composition for power storage device separator, porous sheet for power storage device separator, nonwoven fabric for power storage device separator, and power storage device | |
JP2859203B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of wide and long amorphous metal sheet | |
CN116390848A (en) | Functional fabric obtained by recovering separator of secondary battery and method for manufacturing same | |
JP2001076852A (en) | Sheet-like heating element | |
KR20240054919A (en) | Anion exchange membrane and method of manufacturing the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |