US20040220291A1 - Polyaminoester and their application in dental compositions - Google Patents

Polyaminoester and their application in dental compositions Download PDF

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US20040220291A1
US20040220291A1 US10/793,356 US79335604A US2004220291A1 US 20040220291 A1 US20040220291 A1 US 20040220291A1 US 79335604 A US79335604 A US 79335604A US 2004220291 A1 US2004220291 A1 US 2004220291A1
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arylene
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Uwe Walz
Joachim Klee
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/50—Preparations specially adapted for dental root treatment
    • A61K6/54—Filling; Sealing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/884—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising natural or synthetic resins
    • A61K6/887—Compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/884—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising natural or synthetic resins
    • A61K6/891—Compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • oligoamido amines and oligoester amines based on antibiotics containing .beta.-lactam rings were investigated (Panayotov, Eur. Polym. J. 32 (1996) 957-962). They were prepared by interaction between ampicillin and amoxicillin and methylenebisacrylamide, 1,4-diacryloylpiperazine and 1,3-propanediol diacrylate.
  • Dental compositions comprising at least a polymerizable monomer and/or at least a polyaminoester of formulas 1 to 6, pigments, organic and/or inorganic fillers, initiators and stabilizers.
  • R 1 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 1 to C 18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 7 to C 30 alkylene arylene,
  • R 2 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 1 to C 18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or, unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 7 to C 30 alkylene arylene,
  • R 3 denotes H or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 to C 18 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 arylene or heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted C 7 to C 30 alkylene arylene,
  • n is an integer.
  • the invented dental composition contains a polyaminoester that are characterized by the following formulas
  • R 1 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 1 to C 18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 7 to C 30 alkylene arylene,
  • R 2 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 1 to C 18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 5 to C 18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C 7 to C 30 alkylene arylene, and
  • n is an integer.
  • polyaminoesters are applied characterized by the following formulas
  • n is an integer.
  • Said polymerizable monomer preferably are hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethylacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, ethyleneglykol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglykol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglykol dimethacrylate, 3,(4),8,(9)-Dimethacryloyl-(oxymethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0 2,6 decane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, N,N′-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
  • fillers are applied inorganic or organic, reactive or nonreactive, surface modified or nonmodified glasses such as polymer granulate or a combination of organic and/or inorganic fillers, strontium alumo silicate glass, La 2 O 3 , BiPO 4 , ZrO 2 , BaWO 4 , CaWO 4 , SrF 2 , Bi 2 O 3 .
  • the invented dental composition preferably is applicable as root canal sealing material or as temporary crown & bridge material.
  • ⁇ Pa*s (dynamic viscosity measured using Bohlin CS50 rheometer)
  • ⁇ Pa*s (dynamic viscosity measured using Bohlin CS50 rheometer)
  • Paste A Immediately before use 0.214 g of Paste A and 0.200 g of Paste B were mixed homogeneously.
  • the setting time of the root canal sealing material is 30 minutes.
  • Paste A 0.173 g of Paste A and 0.200 g of Paste B were mixed homogeneously.
  • the setting time of the root canal sealing material is 30 minutes.
  • the radiopacity 13.8 mm/mm Al.

Abstract

Dental compositions comprising at least a polymerizable monomer and/or at least a polyaminoester that are prepared by reaction of bis- or polyacrylic esters and amines, pigments, organic and/or inorganic fillers, initiators and stabilizers.

Description

    RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a divisional of Ser. No. 09/925,174 filed Aug. 9, 2001 (Case KON-77) which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/224,669 filed Aug. 11, 2000 (Case KON-77 PRO).[0001]
    • TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
  • Since some years, the addition polymerization of bisacrylamides and amines is well-known (P. Ferrutti et al., Polymer 26 (1985) 1336). Bisacrylamides are much more stable against hydrolysis compared to acrylic esters. The reaction of amines and esters lead to an transamidation reaction (H.-G. Elias, Makromoleküle, Hüttig&Wepf, Basel, 1990, p.555). [0002]
  • Consequently, the assumption was that a reaction of acrylic esters and amines should lead to an cleavage of ester bonds. Therefore, the formation of addition polymers, prepolymers and macromonomers of amines and acrylic esters should be impossible. [0003]
  • Recently, oligoamido amines and oligoester amines based on antibiotics containing .beta.-lactam rings were investigated (Panayotov, Eur. Polym. J. 32 (1996) 957-962). They were prepared by interaction between ampicillin and amoxicillin and methylenebisacrylamide, 1,4-diacryloylpiperazine and 1,3-propanediol diacrylate. [0004]
    • DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Dental compositions comprising at least a polymerizable monomer and/or at least a polyaminoester of formulas 1 to 6, pigments, organic and/or inorganic fillers, initiators and stabilizers. [0005]
    Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00001
  • wherein [0006]
  • R[0007] 1 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene,
  • R[0008] 2 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or, unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene,
  • R[0009] 3 denotes H or a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene,
  • n is an integer. [0010]
  • Preferably the invented dental composition contains a polyaminoester that are characterized by the following formulas [0011]
    Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00002
  • wherein [0012]
  • R[0013] 1 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene,
  • R[0014] 2 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene, and
  • n is an integer. [0015]
  • Most preferably polyaminoesters are applied characterized by the following formulas [0016]
    Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00003
  • wherein n is an integer. [0017]
  • Said polymerizable monomer preferably are hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethylacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, ethyleneglykol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglykol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglykol dimethacrylate, 3,(4),8,(9)-Dimethacryloyl-(oxymethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0 [0018] 2,6 decane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, N,N′-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
  • As fillers are applied inorganic or organic, reactive or nonreactive, surface modified or nonmodified glasses such as polymer granulate or a combination of organic and/or inorganic fillers, strontium alumo silicate glass, La[0019] 2O3, BiPO4, ZrO2, BaWO4, CaWO4, SrF2, Bi2O3.
  • Instead of primary monoamine and disecondary diamines the usage of polyamines is possible , too, leading to crosslinked polyaminoesters. [0020]
  • The invented dental composition preferably is applicable as root canal sealing material or as temporary crown & bridge material.[0021]
    • EXAMPLE 1
  • 5.000 g (22.097 mmol) Hexamethylendiacrylate (Servo Delden) and 7.525 g (22.097 mmol) N,N′-Dibenzyl-5-nonandiamin-1,9 were mixed homogeneously and stirred at 60° C. for 4 days. After that time a complete conversion was found indicated by disappearance of the double bonds at 1635/1619 cm[0022] −1.
  • Yield: 12.525 g (100% of th.) [0023]
  • (C[0024] 34H50N2O5)n, (566.8)n
  • [□]=8.57 ml/g (Viscosity in THF solution) [0025]
  • IR: 2920/2865 (CH[0026] 2), 1735 (CO)
  • M[0027] n (GPC)=2225 (4661) g/mol
  • M[0028] w (GPC)=9398 (10200) g/mol
    • EXAMPLE 2
  • 20.000 g (88.39 mmol) Hexamethylendiacrylate (Servo Delden) and 15.719 g (106.07 mmol) 3,6-Dioxaoctan-diamin-1,8 (Fluka) were mixed homogeneously and stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. After that time a complete conversion was found indicated by disappearance of the double bonds at 1635/1619 cm[0029] −1.
  • Yield: 35.719 g (100% of th.) [0030]
  • (C[0031] 18H34N2O6)n, (347.5)n
  • □=[0032]
  • [0033] 4.73±0.05 Pa*s (dynamic viscosity measured using Bohlin CS50 rheometer)
  • IR: 3325 (NH), 2920/2865 (CH[0034] 2), 1735 (CO)
  • [0035] 13C-NMR (CDCl3): 172.6/172.4 (6), 73.4 (2); 70.5/70.2 (3); 64.2 (7), 49.8 (1), 45.0 (4), 41.7 (4), 34.8 (5), 28.4 (8), 25.5 (9)
  • IR: 3325 (NH), 2920/2865 (CH[0036] 2),1735 (CO)
    • EXAMPLE 3
  • 10.000 g (58.77 mmol) Ethylene glycol diacrylate and 14.125 g (58.77 mmol) N,N′-Dibenzylethylenediamine were mixed homogeneously and stirred at room temperature for 40 hours at 60° C. After that time a complete conversion was found indicated by disappearance of the double bonds at 1635/1619 cm[0037] −1.
  • Yield: 24.125 g (100% of th.) [0038]
  • □=1557±17 Pa*s (dynamic viscosity measured using Bohlin CS50 rheometer) [0039]
  • [□]=9.176 ml/g (viscosity in THF solution) [0040]
  • M[0041] n (GPC)=1575 g/mol
  • M[0042] w (GPC)=10060 g/mol
  • (C[0043] 24H32N2O4)n, (410.5)n
  • IR: 3060/3028; 2953/2816 (CH[0044] 2), 1743 (CO)
  • [0045] 13C NMR (CDCl3): 49.7 (1), 32.4 (2), 172.6 (3), 621.0 (4), 51.5 (5), 58.6 (6), 139.2 (7), 128.6 (8), 128.0 (9), 126.8 (10)
    Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00004
    • EXAMPLE 4
  • 10.000 g (58.77 mmol) Ethylene glykol diacrylate and 20.012 g (58.77 mmol) N,N′-Dibenzyl-5-oxanonane diamine-1.9 were mixed homogeneously and stirred at room temperature for 40 hours at 60° C. After that time a complete conversion was found indicated by disappearance of the double bonds at 1635/1619 cm[0046] −1.
  • Yield: 30.012 g (100% of th.) [0047]
  • □=188.8±1.3 Pa*s (dynamic viscosity measured using Bohlin CS50 rheometer) [0048]
  • [□]=10.051 ml/g (viscosity in THF solution) [0049]
  • M[0050] n (GPC)=4281 g/mol
  • M[0051] w (GPC)=12110 g/mol
  • (C[0052] 30H42N2O5)n, (510.7)n
  • IR: 3060/3026/2943/2860/2802 (CH[0053] 2), 1740/1731 (CO)
  • [0054] 13C NMR (CDCl3): 49.1 (1), 32.4 (2), 172.3 (3), 62.1 (4), 53.2 (5), 58.2 (6), 139.5 (7),128.0 (8),127.9 (9),126.7 (10), 27.5 (11), 23.5 (12)
    Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00005
    • EXAMPLE 5
  • 10.000 g (58.77 mmol) Ethylene glykol diacrylate and 11.420 g (58.77 mmol) N,N′-Dibenzyl-4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane were mixed homogeneously and stirred at room temperature for 40 hours at 60° C. After that time a complete conversion was found indicated by disappearance of the double bonds at 1635/1619 cm[0055] −1.
  • Yield: 21.420 g (100% of th.) [0056]
  • IR: 3060/3026/2943/2860/2802 (CH[0057] 2), 1740/1731 (CO)
    • EXAMPLE 6
  • 10.000 g (58.77 mmol) Ethylene glykol diacrylate and 5.710 g (29.384 mmol) 3,(4),8,(9)-Bis(aminomethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1 .0 [0058] 2,6 decane were mixed homogeneously and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours at room temperature. After that time a complete conversion was found indicated by disappearance of the double bonds at 1635/1619 cm−1.
  • Yield: 15.710 g (100% of th.) [0059]
  • □=Pa*s (dynamic viscosity measured using Bohlin CS50 rheometer) [0060]
  • (C[0061] 28H42N2O8)n, (534.7)n,
  • IR: 3445/3332 (NH), 2947/2875/2821(CH[0062] 2),1729 (CO); 1637/1619 (C═C)
    • EXAMPLE 7
  • 10.000 g (58.77 mmol) Ethylene glykol diacrylate and 22.840 5.710 g (117.54 mmol) 3,(4),8,(9)-Bis(aminomethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0 [0063] 2,6 decane were mixed homogeneously and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours at room temperature. After that time a complete conversion was found indicated by disappearance of the double bonds at 1635/1619 cm−1.
  • Yield: 32.840 g (100% of th.) [0064]
  • □=218800±1990 Pa*s (dynamic viscosity measured using Bohlin CS50 rheometer) [0065]
  • (C[0066] 32H54N4O4)n, (558.8)n
  • IR: 3373/3286 (NH), 2960/2888 (CH[0067] 2), 1743/1731 (CO)
  • [0068] 13C NMR (CDCl3): 47.5 (1), 34.3/34.7 (2), 172.9 (3), 66.0 (4), 55.3 (5), signals of (6) to (15) between 24.5 and 63.5 ppm
    Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00006
    • EXAMPLE 8
  • To 10.000 g (58.77 mmol) Ethylene glykol diacrylate dissolved in 50 ml THF were slowly added at 0 to 5° C. under stirring a solution of 8.709 g (58.77 mmol) 3,6-Dioxaoctane diamine-1,8 in 50 ml THF. After adding the amine the solution was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. After that time a complete conversion was found due to the disappearance of the double bonds at 1635/1619 cm[0069] −1. Then the solvent was removed and the addition polymer was dried in vacuum.
  • Yield: 18.709 g (100% of th.) [0070]
  • □=Pa*s (dynamic viscosity measured using Bohlin CS50 rheometer) [0071]
  • (C[0072] 14H26N2O6)n, (318.4)n
  • IR: 3373/3286 (NH), 2960/2888 (CH[0073] 2), 1743/1731 (CO)
    • APPLICATION EXAMPLE 1 (Dental Root Canal Sealer)
  • Paste A [0074]
  • 8.404 g (37.14 mmol) Hexamethylendiacrylate (Servo Delden), 25.968 g CaWO[0075] 4, 6.492 g ZrO2 and 0.325 g aerosil were mixed homogeneously.
  • Paste B [0076]
  • 7.217 g (37.14 mmol) 3,(4),8,(9)-Bis(aminomethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0[0077] 2,6 decane, 28.867 g CaWO4, 7.217 g ZrO2 and 0.722 g aerosil were mixed homogeneously.
  • Dental Root Canal Sealer [0078]
  • Immediately before use 0.214 g of Paste A and 0.200 g of Paste B were mixed homogeneously. The setting time of the root canal sealing material is 30 minutes. The radiopacity of 12.8 mm/mm Al. [0079]
    • APPLICATION EXAMPLE 2 (Dental Root Canal Sealer)
  • Paste A [0080]
  • 2.5213 g (11.14 mmol) Hexamethylendiacrylate (Servo Delden), 12.9298 g CaWO[0081] 4, 3.2325 g ZrO2 and 0.0385 g aerosil were mixed homogeneously.
  • Paste B [0082]
  • 0.801 g (5.29 mmol) 1-Aminoadamantane, 1.802 g (5.29 mmol) N,N′-Dibenzyl-5-oxanonandiamin-1,9, 0.103 g (0.53 mmol) 3,(4),8,(9)-Bis(aminomethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.0 [0083] 2,6 decane, 10.411 g CaWO4, 2.603 g ZrO2 and 0.315 g aerosil were mixed homogeneously.
  • Dental Root Canal Sealer [0084]
  • Immediately before use 0.173 g of Paste A and 0.200 g of Paste B were mixed homogeneously. The setting time of the root canal sealing material is 30 minutes. The radiopacity of 13.8 mm/mm Al. [0085]

Claims (10)

We claim
1. Dental compositions comprising at least a polymerizable monomer and/or at least a polyaminoester of formulas 1 to 6, pigments, organic and/or inorganic fillers, initiators and stabilizers.
Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00007
wherein
R1 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene,
R2 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene,
R3 denotes H or a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene,
n is an integer.
2. Dental composition of claim 1, wherein said polyaminoester is characterized by the following formulas
Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00008
wherein
R1 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene,
R2 denotes is a difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C18 alkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 arylene or heteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C5 to C18 alkylarylene or alkylheteroarylene, difunctional substituted or unsubstituted C7 to C30 alkylene arylene, and
n is an integer.
3. Dental composition of claim 1, wherein said polyaminoesters preferably is characterized by the following formula
Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00009
wherein n is an integer.
4. Dental composition of claim 1, wherein said polyaminoesters preferably is characterized by the following formula
Figure US20040220291A1-20041104-C00010
wherein n is an integer.
5. Dental composition of claim 1, wherein said polyaminoesters are composed of polyamines and bis- or polyacrylates.
6. Dental composition of claim 1, wherein said polyaminoesters are copolymerized with monomers that are usable for step-growth polymerization, preferably with di- or polyepoxides or di- or polyisocyanates.
7. Dental composition of claim 1, wherein said polymerizable monomer preferably is hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethylacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, ethyleneglykol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglykol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglykol dimethacrylate, 3,(4),8,(9)-Dimethacryloyl-(oxymethyl)-tricyclo-5.2.1.02,6decane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, N,N′-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
8. Dental composition of claim 1, wherein said fillers are functionalized or non-functionalized organic polymers or wherein said fillers are inorganic or organic, reactive or non-reactive, surface modified or non-modified glasses such as polymer granulate or a combination of organic and/or inorganic fillers, strontium alumo silicate glass, La2O3, BiPO4, ZrO2, BaWO4, CaWO4, SrF2, Bi2O3.
9. Dental composition of claim 1, applicable as root canal sealing material.
10. Dental composition of claim 1, applicable as temporary crown & bridge material.
US10/793,356 2000-08-11 2004-03-04 Polyaminoester and their application in dental compositions Abandoned US20040220291A1 (en)

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