US20040240944A1 - Hull coverings - Google Patents
Hull coverings Download PDFInfo
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- US20040240944A1 US20040240944A1 US10/486,743 US48674304A US2004240944A1 US 20040240944 A1 US20040240944 A1 US 20040240944A1 US 48674304 A US48674304 A US 48674304A US 2004240944 A1 US2004240944 A1 US 2004240944A1
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- shapes
- carrier film
- article
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/09—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
- B32B38/1866—Handling of layers or the laminate conforming the layers or laminate to a convex or concave profile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B59/00—Hull protection specially adapted for vessels; Cleaning devices specially adapted for vessels
- B63B59/04—Preventing hull fouling
- B63B59/045—Preventing hull fouling by wrapping the submerged hull or part of the hull with an impermeable sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/12—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
- B32B2323/046—LDPE, i.e. low density polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/12—Ships
Abstract
A product for the treatment of an area of an article residing underwater. The product is constituted by a plurality of shapes formed from copper or a copper nickel alloy and a carrier film. The product is adapted in use to be secured to the area of the article residing underwater such that the shapes contact or substantially contact each other. The shapes can be releasably secured to the carrier film or permanently secured to the carrier film. Suitable methods of applying the product to the area of the article are also disclosed.
Description
- The present invention relates to a treatment for areas of articles residing underwater, particularly the hulls of ships, to provide protection from aquatic growths and borers.
- Historically ships were built of wood, however there are aquatic organisms and borers, such as Toredo worm and Gribble, that feed on the wood from which the ship hulls were built thus rendering the lives of the hulls short.
- In the late 1700s copper sheathing was used to prevent infestation of wooden hulled ships by borers and it was soon realised that copper sheathing also prevented aquatic growths. However, copper sheathing could not be used on iron clad ships that were being developed around this time as the copper accelerated the corrosion process of the iron and steel through galvanic action.
- The development of antifouling paints for application to areas of articles residing underwater soon followed. Early antifouling paints only contained Cuprous-Oxide as the effective ingredient and their performance was poor. Later antifouling paints contained Cuprous-Oxide, Tin and Tri-Butyl-Tin compounds (TBTs) as the effective ingredients which provided an improved performance but lead to damage of aquatic life such as shellfish stocks. The use of TBTs has now been banned on all craft under 25 metres.
- In spite of the variety of antifouling paints available each has associated disadvantages in either its performance or effect on the environment. Furthermore to treat a ship hull, or any other article, with antifouling paint the ship must be removed from the water, the aquatic growth must be removed and the area to be painted must be scrubbed clean before the antifouling paint, which is both toxic to humans and the environment, can be applied. This task is ideally carried out every year and is time consuming and unpleasant and is also stressful for articles such as ships as well as being expensive.
- There remains a need for a treatment for areas of ships and other articles spending considerable time underwater that is effective, lasts for more than one year and is generally environmentally friendly.
- The present invention therefore provides a product for the treatment of an area of an article residing underwater comprising a plurality of shapes formed from copper or a copper nickel alloy and a carrier film and adapted in use to be secured to the area of the article residing underwater such that the shapes contact or substantially contact each other.
- The copper or copper nickel alloy shapes protect wooden articles from rot and borers, protect steel from rusting, aid osmosis protection in glass reinforced polyester articles and provide a highly durable oxidised surface that inhibits aquatic growth.
- Preferably the shapes are made from a copper nickel alloy.
- The copper nickel alloy oxide does not leach into the sea like cuprous oxide causing damage to the environment but is generally only removed by erosion, which can occur if the article is moving at high speeds. The copper nickel alloy oxide remains effective on the surface of the alloy for a considerable time and the alloy itself therefore wears away very slowly leading to a treatment having a long lifetime, in excess of six years.
- The copper nickel alloy is preferably Cupronickel 90/10. The copper nickel alloy is the effective ingredient of the product and Cupronickel 90/10 is most effective in the prevention of aquatic growth without adverse effects on the environment. Other copper nickel alloys, such as Cupronickel 70/30, can be useful if increased durability, or other properties, are required, for example for articles moving quickly through the water where erosion of Cupronickel 90/10 occurs at an unacceptable level.
- The shapes are preferably interfacing shapes. The interfacing shapes are preferably adapted in use to be secured to the area of the article residing underwater such that the shapes substantially interface.
- The interfacing shapes preferably have a thickness of 150 microns to 500 microns, most preferably 150 microns. The thickness of the interfacing shapes allows moulding around the shape of the article to which the interfacing shapes are being secured. The largest diameter of the shapes is preferably from 4 mm to 30 mm depending on the end application.
- When in position on the area of the article there are preferably gaps between the interfacing shapes, the gaps are preferably less than 0.4 mm wide. The gap size is a compromise between a desired small size that limits the attachment area for aquatic growth and entry area for borers and the limitations of the processes for creating the gaps between the shapes. The gaps between the interfacing shapes are advantageous as they allow the interfacing shapes to be readily fitted to the shape of the area of the article being covered. Foil material used previously had to be pressed and rolled to the shape of the area of the article to be covered.
- The interfacing shapes preferably have three or more sides. The most preferable interfacing shapes are hexagons and squares. Sharp corners are not desirable as they may interrupt the laminar flow of water creating drag and will be susceptible to damage; hexagons and squares are therefore ideal in shape.
- Alternatively the shapes may be particulate, for example substantially spherical. The particles are preferably adapted in use to be secured to the area of the article residing underwater such that each of the particles contacts or substantially contacts adjacent particles.
- The particles preferably have a diameter of less than 150 microns, more preferably less than 100 microns and most preferably less than 50 microns.
- In a first aspect the shapes are releasably secured to the carrier film. The shapes are preferably releasably secured to the carrier film by an appropriate adhesive. The carrier film is preferably a plastics material capable of adopting concave and convex profiles without creasing.
- The interfacing shapes are preferably secured to the carrier film to give rise to a regular pattern of shapes each preferably surrounded by small regular gaps forming a border. The border is preferably no less than 0.150 mm and no greater than 0.4 mm wide. The gaps between the interfacing shapes allow the carrier material bearing the interfacing shapes to be manipulated to fit the area of the article being covered.
- Where particles are used, the particles are preferably releasably secured to the carrier film to give an even coverage of particles on the film.
- The product may be provided in sheet or in strip form. The carrier film holds the shapes together during manufacture and installation and provides protection for the installed product until it is ready for use.
- The carrier film is preferably standard low density polyethylene most preferably at 60 microns. The adhesive releasably securing the shapes to the carrier film is preferably an acrylic adhesive.
- In a second aspect the shapes are permanently secured to one surface of the carrier film. The shapes are preferably permanently secured to the surface of the carrier film by an appropriate adhesive, preferably a solvent modified acrylic adhesive.
- The carrier film is preferably a plastics material, more preferably a waterproof plastics material, capable of adopting concave and convex profiles without creasing. Most preferably, the carrier film is a waterproof polyester membrane.
- Alternatively the carrier film may be acrylic foam adhesive. The shapes adhere permanently to the acrylic foam adhesive by the nature of the acrylic foam adhesive. Acrylic foam adhesive is particularly useful in deep-sea applications.
- The interfacing shapes are preferably secured to the carrier film to give rise to a regular pattern of shapes each preferably surrounded by small regular gaps forming a border. The border is preferably no less than 0.150 mm and no greater than 0.4 mm wide. The gaps between the interfacing shapes allow the carrier material bearing the interfacing shapes to be manipulated to fit the area of the article being covered.
- Where particles are used, the particles are preferably secured to the carrier film to give an even coverage of particles on the film.
- The product may be provided in sheet or in strip form.
- The carrier material is most preferably provided with an adhesive on the surface not bearing the interfacing shapes. The adhesive is preferably a solvent modified acrylic adhesive. The surface bearing the adhesive is preferably covered by a removable backing strip, which protects the adhesive until it is ready for use.
- The provision of a carrier material to which the shapes are permanently secured and which is preferably provided with an adhesive surface allows easy application of the product to an article.
- In the second aspect a protective film may be releasably secured, preferably by an appropriate adhesive, to the surface of the product bearing the shapes to protect the shapes during manufacture and installation. The protective film is preferably standard low density polyethylene most preferably at 60 microns. The adhesive releasably securing the protective film to the shapes is preferably acrylic adhesive.
- The carrier film bearing interfacing shapes is preferably made from an appropriate carrier film material having a continuous film of copper or a copper nickel alloy secured thereto by a suitable adhesive, depending on whether the shapes are secured releasably or permanently to the carrier film. The interfacing shape pattern is preferably created by chemically etching the un-required copper nickel material with a Hydrochloric Acid based etching solution, (etchant), most preferably using either an acid resistant ink mask or dry film photo-resist. The acid resistant ink mask or dry film photo-resist has the desired pattern developed into it, and is employed to cover the copper or copper nickel alloy to remain secured to the carrier film whilst the Hydrochloric Acid based chemically dissolves the unprotected metallic materials.
- Alternatively the interfacing shape pattern may be created by acid etching, most preferably using an epoxy acid resist to cover the copper or copper nickel alloy to remain secured to the carrier film and an acid to remove the unwanted material.
- It may also be possible to make the product by processes such as pressing, stamping, rolling, grinding, electrical-laser processes or milling.
- The product comprising a carrier material bearing particles of copper or copper nickel alloy is preferably made by applying the particles to a surface of the carrier film coated with appropriate adhesive, depending on whether the particles are releasably or permanently secured to the film. Excess non-adhered particles are preferably removed from the carrier film by vibration of the film. The particles are most preferably applied to the carrier film as it is unrolled from a first roller and re-rolled onto a second roller.
- The carrier material is extremely flexible and the product can therefore readily be used to treat areas of the article having sharp edges or tight contours.
- Also provided by the present invention is a method of treating an area of an article residing underwater comprising applying a plurality of shapes formed from copper or a copper nickel alloy secured to a carrier film to the area of the article residing underwater such that the shapes contact or substantially contact each other.
- In a first aspect the shapes are applied to the area of the article in sheet form, releasably secured to a carrier film, most preferably by an adhesive. The use of sheet material makes the shapes easier to install.
- The sheets of shapes may be applied directly to the area of the article to be covered. Preferably the area of the article to be covered is coated with a suitable adhesive system, for example an epoxy primer followed by an epoxy adhesive using a brush, roller or spraying means. The epoxy adhesive is preferably based on a bisphenol A epoxy resin reacted with an adducted polyamine to give a flexible cure. The adhesive system provides additional protection against rot, rust, borers and osmosis in addition to securing the shapes to the area of the article to be covered.
- The sheets of shapes are preferably pressed into the adhesive system with the shapes contacting the adhesive system. A roller may be used to apply pressure to the sheets to ensure adhesion.
- Once the adhesive system has cured the carrier film may be peeled off leaving the area of the article covered with a plurality of shapes that contact or substantially contact each other.
- The shapes may alternatively be applied to areas of articles being made by moulding. Preferably the sheets of shapes are positioned within the mould with the shapes facing into the mould. The sheets of shapes may be held in position by an adhesive, preferably a heat or pressure activated adhesive. The use of a heat or pressure activated adhesive allows any necessary repositioning of the sheets before the adhesive is activated.
- The shapes facing into the mould are preferably coated with a suitable adhesive system before the moulding process takes place for example using a brush, a roller or a spray means. Once the moulding process is complete the mould is removed leaving the sheets of shapes adhered to the moulded article, the carrier film is preferably then peeled off leaving the area of the article covered with shapes.
- The area of the article may be treated with the product comprising the carrier film bearing the interfacing shapes or with the product comprising the carrier film bearing the particles or a combination of both types of product. Most preferably the product comprising the carrier film bearing the particles is used on areas of the article having sharp edges or tight contours and the product comprising the carrier film bearing the interfacing shapes is used on the remaining areas of the article to be covered.
- In the second aspect the shapes are applied to the area of the article in sheet form, permanently secured to a surface of a carrier film, most preferably by an adhesive. The surface of the carrier film not bearing the shapes is preferably provided with an adhesive, preferably covered by a protective film. The use of sheet material, preferably having an adhesive surface makes the product easier to install.
- The sheets of shapes may be applied directly to the area of the article to be covered. Preferably the area of the article to be covered is cleaned thoroughly to leave a good surface to which the product can be applied.
- The adhesive surface of the carrier film is preferably pressed onto the article with the shapes facing away from the article. A roller may be used to apply pressure to the sheets to ensure adhesion.
- Any protective film covering the product may be peeled off leaving the area of the article covered with a plurality of shapes that contact or substantially contact each other.
- The shapes may alternatively be applied to areas of articles being made by moulding. Preferably the sheets of shapes are positioned within the mould with the shapes facing into the mould. The sheets of shapes may be held in position by an adhesive, preferably a heat or pressure activated adhesive. The use of a heat or pressure activated adhesive allows any necessary repositioning of the sheets before the adhesive is activated.
- Any protective film covering the adhesive surface of the carrier film is removed. Once the moulding process is complete the mould is removed leaving the sheets of shapes adhered to the moulded article, any protective film covering the shapes is preferably then peeled off leaving the area of the article covered with shapes.
- The area of the article may be treated with the product comprising the carrier film bearing the interfacing shapes or with the product comprising the carrier film bearing the particles or a combination of both types of product.
- In each aspect of the invention the gaps between the shapes are preferably grouted, most preferably an epoxy grout is used.
- The present invention further provides an article having an area residing underwater wherein the area is coated with a plurality of shapes formed from copper or a copper nickel alloy and wherein the shapes are arranged on the area of the article such that they contact or substantially contact each other.
- The material of the present invention and the way in which it is used will now be described by means of example only with reference to the drawings in which:
- FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a product of the present invention;
- FIG. 2 shows a plan view of an alternative product of the present invention;
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a product of the first aspect of the invention; and
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a product of the second aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the product1 of the present invention. The product 1 comprises a
carrier film 2 and a plurality ofhexagons 3 of Cupronickel 90/10 alloy secured to thecarrier film 2. - Cupronickel 90/10 alloy has the composition:
Carbon 0.05 maximum Cobalt 0.1 maximum Iron 1.0-2.0 Manganese 0.5-1.0 Nickel 9.0-10.0 Phosphorus 0.02 maximum Lead 0.02 maximum Sulphur 0.05 maximum Tin 0.03 maximum Zinc 0.5 maximum Impurities 0.2 maximum Copper remainder - The
hexagons 3 are laid out in rows on thecarrier film 2 with each row being displaced by half a hexagon when compared with the adjacent row. Thehexagons 3 are spaced apart from each other by a maximum of 0.4 mm in any direction which gives rise to a border 4 around eachhexagon 3. Thehexagons 3 have a width (w) of 5 mm from one side to the opposing side and a thickness of 0.150 mm. - FIG. 2 shows a plan view of an
alternative product 5 of the present invention. Theproduct 5 comprises acarrier film 2 and a plurality ofspherical particles 7 of Cupronickel 90/10 alloy (composition given above) secured to thecarrier film 2. Theparticles 7 are secured to thecarrier film 2 by means of an appropriate adhesive. - The
particles 7 are laid out in randomly on thecarrier film 2 with each particle contacting or substantially contacting adjacent particles. Theparticles 7 are spaced apart from each other by a maximum of 0.4 mm in any direction. Theparticles 7 have a diameter (d) of 0.150 mm. - The product1 is made from a
carrier film 2 having a continuous film of Cupronickel 90/10 secured thereto as described below. The interfacing shape pattern is created by chemically etching the un-required copper nickel material with a Hydrochloric Acid based etching solution (etchant) using either an acid resistant ink mask or dry film photo-resist which has the desired pattern developed into it. The etchant masks used are compatible with the epoxy resins and adhesives used to secure the material 1 of the invention to an article, in the present example the article is the hull of a ship. - The
product 5 is made by unrolling thecarrier film 2 from a roll and exposing the side of thecarrier film 2 bearing the adhesive to secure the shapes to the carrier film toparticles 7 of Cupronickel 90/10. Theparticles 7 are sprinkled on the side of thecarrier film 6 bearing the adhesive under the influence of gravity alone. Excessnon-adhered particles 7 are removed from thecarrier film 2 by vibration of thefilm 6. The film coated withparticles 7 is then re-rolled and stored ready for use - In the remainder of the description of FIGS. 3 and 4 the reference to
hexagons 3 should be construed to includeparticles 7. - In the first aspect of the invention, shown in FIG. 3, the
carrier film 2 is formed from standard low density polyethylene at 60 microns and has an acrylic adhesive on one surface 2 a which is formulated to hold thehexagons 3 on thefilm 2 during the manufacturing and installation processes. - In the second aspect of the invention, shown in FIG. 4, the
carrier film 2 is formed from a waterproof polyester membrane and has a solvent modified acrylic adhesive on one surface 2 a, which is formulated to hold thehexagons 3 on thefilm 2. Theother surface 2 b of thefilm 2 is provided with a solvent modified acrylic adhesive to secure the product to an article. Aprotective film 10 manufactured from standard low density polyethylene is provided and releasably secured to thehexagons 3 by acrylic adhesive. Aprotective film 11 is provided and releasably secured to thesurface 2 b provided with adhesive to protect the adhesive until the product is to be used. - The products of the present invention can be applied to existing ship hulls to prevent the need for future antifouling and can also be fitted to new ship hulls as they are manufactured.
- To apply the
products 1, 5 to an existing hull of a ship the same method is used with each product. - In the first aspect the hull is first prepared by cleaning to remove all existing aquatic growth. An epoxy primer is applied to the hull by brush to a level of 60 mm above the loaded water line. When the primer has cured an epoxy adhesive is applied to the primed hull by brush. The
product 1, 5 is then applied to the hull in sheet form with the Cupronickel 90/10shapes shapes carrier film 2 can be removed by peeling it away from theshapes shapes - When applying the
products 1, 5 to new build ships having moulded hulls the moulds are prepared as normal. A marine architect can be used to provide plans showing how the sheets ofproduct 1, 5 must be cut and positioned in the mould to give total coverage of the hull. - The prepared mould is coated with a low tack heat sensitive adhesive, which allows the sheets of
product 1, 5 to be positioned, repositioned if necessary and held in position within the mould with thecarrier film 2 contacting the adhesive. Once the sheets ofproduct 1, 5 are correctly positioned a low heat source is applied and the sheets ofproduct 1, 5 are pressed into the mould using a roller. - An epoxy primer is then applied to the exposed face of the
product 1, 5, i.e. the Cupronickel 90/10shapes - When the hull moulding is finished it is withdrawn from the mould. Water can be used to facilitate removal of the hull from the mould. The
carrier film 2 can then be peeled off to leave a new moulded hull coated withshapes - In treating existing or new ship hulls the
product 5 bearing theparticles 7 of Cupronickel 90/10 alloy is generally applied to areas of the hull having sharp edges or tight contours. The use of theparticles 7 adhered to thecarrier film 6 allows theproduct 5 to be flexible and more easily used in these areas. The product 1 bearing the interfacinghexagons 3 adhered to thecarrier film 2 is generally applied to larger and more easily accessible areas of the ship hull. - In the second aspect the hull is first prepared by cleaning to remove all existing aquatic growth. The
product 1, 5 is then applied to the hull in sheet form by removing theprotective film 11 to expose the solvent modified acrylic adhesive on thesurface 2 b and applying the product to the hull withadhesive surface 2 b contacting the hull. Pressure is applied by roller to ensure that the sheets ofshapes protective film 10 can then be removed by peeling it away from theshapes shapes - When applying the
products 1, 5 to new build ships having moulded hulls the moulds are prepared as normal. A marine architect can be used to provide plans showing how the sheets ofproduct 1, 5 must be cut and positioned in the mould to give total coverage of the hull. - The prepared mould is coated with a low tack heat sensitive adhesive, which allows the sheets of
product 1, 5 to be positioned, repositioned if necessary and held in position within the mould with thecarrier film product 1, 5 are correctly positioned a low heat source is applied and the sheets ofproduct 1, 5 are pressed into the mould using a roller. - The
protective sheet 11 is removed from thesurface 2 b of the carrier film to expose the solvent modified adhesive. The hull is then prepared by moulding in a typical fashion. - When the hull moulding is finished it is withdrawn from the mould. Water can be used to facilitate removal of the hull from the mould. The
protective film 10 can then be peeled off to exposeshapes shapes
Claims (39)
1. A product for the treatment of an area of an article residing underwater, said product comprising a plurality of shapes formed from copper or a copper nickel alloy and a carrier film and adapted in use to be secured to the area of the article residing underwater such that the shapes substantially contact each other.
2. A product according to claim 1 wherein the shapes are copper nickel alloy shapes.
3. A product according to claim 2 wherein the copper nickel alloy is Cupronickel 90/10.
4. A product according to claim 1 wherein the shapes have a thickness of 150 microns to 500 microns.
5. A product according to claim 4 wherein the shapes have a thickness of 150 microns.
6. A product according to claim 1 wherein the largest diameter of the shapes is from 4 mm to 30 mm.
7. A product according to claim 1 wherein, when in position on the area of the article, there are gaps between the shapes, not greater than 0.4 mm wide.
8. A product according to claim 1 wherein the shapes are interfacing shapes.
9. A product according to claim 1 wherein the shapes are particulate.
10. A product according to claim 9 wherein the particles have a diameter of less than 150 microns.
11. A product according to claim 1 wherein the shapes are releasably secured to the carrier film.
12. A product according to claim 11 wherein the carrier film is a plastics material capable of adopting concave and convex profiles without creasing.
13. A product according to claim 11 wherein the carrier film is standard low density polyethylene.
14. A product according to claim 11 wherein the shapes are secured to the carrier film by an acrylic adhesive.
15. A product according to claim 1 wherein the shapes are permanently secured to one surface of the carrier film.
16. A product according to claim 15 wherein the shapes are permanently secured to the surface of the carrier film by a solvent modified acrylic adhesive.
17. A product according to claim 15 wherein the carrier film is a waterproof plastics materials capable of adopting concave and convex profiles without creasing.
18. A product according to claim 17 wherein the carrier film is a waterproof polyester membrane.
19. A product according to claim 15 wherein the carrier material has an adhesive on the surface not bearing the shapes.
20. A product according to claim 19 wherein the adhesive is a solvent modified acrylic adhesive.
21. A product according to claim 15 wherein a protective film is releasably secured to the surface of the product bearing the shapes to protect the shapes during manufacture and installation.
22. A product according to claim 15 wherein the carrier film is acrylic foam adhesive.
23. A product according to claim 1 wherein the product is provided in sheet or strip form.
24. A method of making the product of claim 1 , said method comprising providing a carrier film material having a continuous film of copper or a copper nickel alloy secured thereto, and creating a plurality of substantially contacting shapes by chemically etching the un-required copper nickel material with an acid based etching solution.
25. A method of treating an area of an article residing underwater, said method comprising applying a plurality of shapes formed from copper or a copper nickel alloy secured to a carrier film to the area of the article residing underwater such that the shapes substantially contact each other.
26. A method according to claim 25 wherein the shapes are releasably secured to the carrier film.
27. A method according to claim 26 wherein the area of the article to be covered is coated with a suitable adhesive system, sheets of shapes are pressed into the adhesive system with the shapes contacting the adhesive system, and the carrier film is peeled off leaving the area of the article covered with a plurality of shapes that substantially contact each other.
28. A method according to claim 26 further comprising positioning the sheets of shapes within a mould with the shapes facing into the mould, coating the shapes facing into the mould with a suitable adhesive system, performing the moulding process, removing the mould, leaving the sheets of shapes adhered to the moulded article, and peeling off the carrier film, leaving the area of the article covered with shapes.
29. A method according to claim 25 wherein the shapes are permanently secured to a surface of a carrier film and the surface of the carrier film not bearing the shapes is adhesive.
30. A method according to claim 29 wherein the adhesive surface of the carrier film is pressed onto the article with the shapes facing away from the article leaving the area of the article covered with a plurality of shapes that substantially contact each other.
31. A method according to claim 29 further comprising positioning the sheets of shapes within a mould with the adhesive surface of the carrier film facing into the mould, performing the moulding process, and removing the mould, leaving the area of the article covered with shapes that substantially contact each other.
32. The method of claim 25 further comprising applying grout to the gaps between the shapes.
33. An article having an area residing underwater wherein the area is coated with a plurality of shapes formed from copper or a copper nickel alloy and wherein the shapes are arranged on the area of the article such that they substantially contact each other.
34. A method according to claim 24 , further comprising providing gaps, not greater than 0.4 mm, between the shapes.
35. A method according to claim 25 , further comprising providing gaps, not greater than 0.4 mm, between the shapes.
36. A method according to claim 27 , further comprising providing gaps, not greater than 0.4 mm, between the shapes.
37. A method according to claim 30 , further comprising providing gaps, not greater than 0.4 mm, between the shapes.
38. A method according to claim 31 , further comprising providing gaps, not greater than 0.4 mm, between the shapes.
39. An article according to claim 33 wherein the shapes have gaps not greater than 0.4 mm between them.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0119853.0A GB0119853D0 (en) | 2001-08-15 | 2001-08-15 | Hull coverings |
GB0119853.0 | 2001-08-15 | ||
PCT/GB2002/003472 WO2003016046A1 (en) | 2001-08-15 | 2002-07-29 | Hull coverings |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040240944A1 true US20040240944A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
Family
ID=9920409
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/486,743 Abandoned US20040240944A1 (en) | 2001-08-15 | 2002-07-29 | Hull coverings |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040240944A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1420948A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004538201A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1571725A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2457031A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB0119853D0 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ531013A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003016046A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200401511B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007086758A1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-08-02 | Charles Caulder Bree | Antifouling system for thermoplastic boats and other floating vessels and structures |
US8166903B1 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2012-05-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Deadrise-altering adjunct for marine hull bottom |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE602004014978D1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2008-08-21 | Ecosea Ltd | ANTIFOULING APPLICATION FOR SHIP BOXES AND METHOD FOR APPLYING THEREOF |
JP2013095131A (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-20 | Yoji Marutani | Stab-proof material |
NL2009909C2 (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2014-06-04 | Climate Invest B V | MATERIAL WITH A SURFACE STRUCTURE AND A METHOD FOR APPLYING A PROTECTION COAT TO A MATERIAL WITH A SURFACE STRUCTURE. |
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US3761334A (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1973-09-25 | K Zondek | Method of pretecting the hulls of marine vessels from fouling |
US3971084A (en) * | 1974-03-07 | 1976-07-27 | Spier Martin I | Hull construction and method for forming same |
USRE29072E (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1976-12-14 | Method of protecting the hulls of marine vessels from fouling | |
US4375199A (en) * | 1978-01-11 | 1983-03-01 | United Wire Group P.L.C. | Submersible or semi-submersible structures |
US4603653A (en) * | 1982-09-14 | 1986-08-05 | United Wire Group | Marine antifouling materials and markers |
US4987036A (en) * | 1988-06-02 | 1991-01-22 | Seamark Systems Limited | Marine antifouling |
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US5423631A (en) * | 1992-03-24 | 1995-06-13 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Antifouling structures |
JP2001322905A (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-20 | Dai Ichi High Frequency Co Ltd | Metal covered for corrosion and fouling resistance |
-
2001
- 2001-08-15 GB GBGB0119853.0A patent/GB0119853D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-07-29 CA CA002457031A patent/CA2457031A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-29 JP JP2003520581A patent/JP2004538201A/en active Pending
- 2002-07-29 WO PCT/GB2002/003472 patent/WO2003016046A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-29 US US10/486,743 patent/US20040240944A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-29 NZ NZ531013A patent/NZ531013A/en unknown
- 2002-07-29 EP EP02749082A patent/EP1420948A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-29 CN CNA02820364XA patent/CN1571725A/en active Pending
-
2004
- 2004-02-25 ZA ZA200401511A patent/ZA200401511B/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3761334A (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1973-09-25 | K Zondek | Method of pretecting the hulls of marine vessels from fouling |
USRE29072E (en) * | 1971-10-21 | 1976-12-14 | Method of protecting the hulls of marine vessels from fouling | |
US3971084A (en) * | 1974-03-07 | 1976-07-27 | Spier Martin I | Hull construction and method for forming same |
US4375199A (en) * | 1978-01-11 | 1983-03-01 | United Wire Group P.L.C. | Submersible or semi-submersible structures |
US4603653A (en) * | 1982-09-14 | 1986-08-05 | United Wire Group | Marine antifouling materials and markers |
US4987036A (en) * | 1988-06-02 | 1991-01-22 | Seamark Systems Limited | Marine antifouling |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007086758A1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-08-02 | Charles Caulder Bree | Antifouling system for thermoplastic boats and other floating vessels and structures |
US8166903B1 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2012-05-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Deadrise-altering adjunct for marine hull bottom |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA200401511B (en) | 2005-05-11 |
EP1420948A1 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
GB0119853D0 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
CA2457031A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
NZ531013A (en) | 2004-06-25 |
JP2004538201A (en) | 2004-12-24 |
CN1571725A (en) | 2005-01-26 |
WO2003016046A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ECOSEA LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KELLY, JAMES WILLIAM;REEL/FRAME:015593/0211 Effective date: 20040211 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |