US20050034830A1 - Wet-type paper friction member - Google Patents
Wet-type paper friction member Download PDFInfo
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- US20050034830A1 US20050034830A1 US10/847,641 US84764104A US2005034830A1 US 20050034830 A1 US20050034830 A1 US 20050034830A1 US 84764104 A US84764104 A US 84764104A US 2005034830 A1 US2005034830 A1 US 2005034830A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drainability
- adjusted
- paper body
- friction member
- paper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 made of pulp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/26—Polyamides; Polyimides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
- D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0095—Mixing an aqueous slurry of fibres with a binder, e.g. papermaking process
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wet or wet-type paper friction member used in a clutch and brake component of an automatic transmission of a vehicle.
- a wet paper friction member is produced by dispersing a mixture of a fiber base material such as pulp and a friction modifier etc. in water and forming a paper body; making it dry and thereafter, impregnating it with thermosetting resin; curing it by heating; and then forming it by pressure.
- the functions of a wet paper friction member are influenced by a blend of the fiber base material, a filler and the friction modifier etc. which are main components of the paper body, and a method of surface finishing. Therefore, choice and blending amount of materials and methods of surface finishing have been researched for improvement of a wet paper friction member according to its use.
- fiber ingredient has an important role in having an influence on porosity and flexibility of a friction member and thus having an influence on its friction property and mechanical strength and that a friction modifier also affects porosity and surface configuration of the friction member.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a wet paper friction member characterized in that a paper body comprises cellulose pulp, a filler, and aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 250-440 ml and the amount of which is 30-80 wt % of the total weight of pulp, and also comprises a friction modifier containing diatomaceous earth the pipe section of which takes a shape of a netted cylinder with average length of 4-6 micrometers.
- This wet paper friction member achieves relatively superior friction property and compression fatigue strength by specifying the range of blending ratio of pulp fiber and the kind of diatomaceous earth in a friction modifier.
- torque capacity In a clutch and brake component of an automatic transmission, the function of transmitting torque is referred to as torque capacity, and is the most fundamental function for its design. It is desirable that torque capacity is high, but, when the frictional coefficient of a wet paper friction member is increased in order to achieve higher torque capacity, other functions of a clutch and brake component such as heat resistance and mechanical strength often tends to be deteriorated. Thus, a wet paper friction member which is excellent in torque capacity, heat resistance, and mechanical strength could not be easily produced.
- Patent Document 1 While the wet paper friction member of Patent Document 1 has relatively excellent torque capacity, heat resistance, and mechanical strength to a certain extent, it was not completely satisfactory.
- the present invention solved the above-mentioned problems by providing a wet paper friction member which is produced by impregnating a paper body with thermosetting resin, curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure, characterized in that said paper body comprises cellulose pulp and a filler and further comprises aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 200-400 ml and aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 450-700 ml, respectively at 10-30 wt % of a total weight of the paper body, and said whole aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted comprises 30-50 wt % of a total weight of the paper body.
- the present invention can provide a wet paper friction member which is excellent in torque capacity, heat resistance and mechanical strength, since a paper body comprises cellulose pulp and a filler and further comprises aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 200-400 ml, and aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 450-700 ml, respectively at 30-50 wt % of a total weight of the paper body, and said whole aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted comprises 30-50% of the total weight of the paper body.
- a wet paper friction member according to the present invention is produced by blending a mixture of cellulose pulp, a filler, aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted and a friction modifier of specified shape and thus producing a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resin; curing it by heating; and then forming it by pressure.
- the paper body comprises two kinds of aramid pulp with the adjusted drainability of 200-400 ml and 450-700 ml, respectively at 10-30 wt % of the total weight of the paper body.
- the whole amount of aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted is 30-50% of the total weight of the paper body, and moreover, surface roughness is adjusted by a surface finishing process. Thereby, high frictional coefficient, heat resistance and mechanical strength are realized simultaneously.
- drainability herein defined is meant by an index to indicate a degree of being drainable of the pulp and to indicate a degree of having been stricken of the fiber.
- a testing method for “drainability of pulp” is defined in JIS P8121 and this method can be classified into “Canadian Standards Drainability Testing Method” and “Schopper Drainability Testing Methods”. In the present invention, the “Canadian Standards Drainability Testing Method” is employed.
- the splitting degree of aramid pulp is increased, draining time for papermaking can be adjusted and a paper body with less surface roughness can be obtained, and moreover, the intertwist of fibers which is the frame of the paper body increases, and the surface area of the friction member which is in contact with the mating surface increases and excellent friction property can be obtained.
- a paper body When the amount of aramid pulp forming a paper body the drainability of which is adjusted is below 30 wt % of the total weight of a paper body, a paper body has a porous structure which is formed by fibers mainly made of pulp, and fiber section repeatedly bearing load tends to wear and break easily, and therefore, a wet paper friction member is likely to be worn down or torn off.
- a friction modifier is blended at 30-60 wt % of a total weight of a paper body.
- the friction modifier comprises said diatomaceous earth, various graphite particulate matters, activated carbon, and inorganic fiber etc.
- thermosetting resin is impregnated into this paper body at a blending amount of 25-45 wt %, and then the paper body is cured by heating, and formed by pressure. It is desirable that resol-based phenol resin is used for the thermosetting resin.
- high frictional coefficient can be obtained when a hard resin layer on the surface of a wet friction member is removed by a process of surface grinding etc. and the surface roughness is adjusted so that the load length rate Rmr (30%) ⁇ 55% as the load length ratio is defined by Rmr(C) (C: cutting level).
- the “load length ratio Rmr” is a surface texture parameter specified by JIS (JIS B0601-2001), which is a ratio of a sum total of base length of convex part of a measured curve to an evaluation length.
- the convex part extends above plus side relative to a cutting level when the measured curve is cut at a cutting level parallel to an average line. The ratio is shown in percentage (%).
- the cutting level is shown by the percentage to the maximum height.
- a method for reducing the surface roughness there are methods other than said surface grinding, such as forming a paper friction member under the condition of high temperature and using different kind of resin for impregnation.
- a wet clutch disk was produced by blending a mixture of 10 wt % of cellulose pulp, 20 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 300 ml, 20 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 600 ml, and 50 wt % of a friction modifier comprising 28 wt % of cylindrical diatomaceous earth the size of which was 1-3 micrometers, and forming a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resin at 30 wt %; curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure; bonding it onto a core plate of steel with thermosetting resin; and grinding its surface so that its surface roughness was such that the load length rate Rmr (30%) was 70%.
- a wet clutch disk was fabricated by blending a mixture of 36 wt % of cellulose pulp, 7 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 300 ml, 7 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 600 ml, and 50 wt % of a friction modifier comprising 28 wt % of cylindrical diatomaceous earth the size of which was 1-3 micrometers and forming a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resin at 30 wt %; curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure; bonding it onto a core plate of steel with thermosetting resin; and grinding its surface so that its surface roughness was such that the load length rate Rmr (30%) was 60%.
- a wet clutch disk was produced by blending a mixture of 5 wt % of cellulose pulp, 35 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 300 ml, 35 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 600 ml, and 25 wt % of a friction modifier comprising 28 wt % of cylindrical diatomaceous earth the size of which was 1-3 micrometers and forming a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resin at 30 wt %; curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure; bonding it onto a core plate of steel with thermosetting resin; and grinding its surface so that its surface roughness was such that the load length rate Rmr (30%) was 60%.
- a wet clutch disk was produced by blending a mixture of 10 wt % of cellulose pulp, 20 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 300 ml, 20 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 600 ml, and 50 wt % of a friction modifier comprising 28 wt % of cylindrical diatomaceous earth the size of which was 1-3 micrometers and forming a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resinat 30 wt %; curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure; bonding it onto a core plate of steel with thermosetting resin; and grinding its surface so that its surface roughness was such that the load length rate Rmr (30%) was 40%.
- heat resistance ⁇ d decline rate 24% 55% 20% 25% calorific value (after 5,000 124 J/cm 2 cycles) stroking amount of 140 ⁇ m 340 ⁇ m 120 ⁇ m 150 ⁇ m surface pressure: compression 11.8 Mpa (after 200,000 oil temperature: cycles) 120° C.
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 had high frictional coefficient, but, Comparative Example 1 had short life due to the lack of heat resistance and strength, and on the other hand, Comparative Examples 2 and 3 had sufficient heat resistance and strength, but their frictional coefficients were low.
- a wet paper friction member with excellent friction property, high frictional coefficient, heat resistance, and compression fatigue strength can be provided by adjusting the blending ratio and drainability of aramid pulp contained in a paper body of a wet paper friction member.
Abstract
Description
- 1. [Technical Field of the Invention]
- The present invention relates to a wet or wet-type paper friction member used in a clutch and brake component of an automatic transmission of a vehicle.
- 2. [Prior Art]
- A wet paper friction member is produced by dispersing a mixture of a fiber base material such as pulp and a friction modifier etc. in water and forming a paper body; making it dry and thereafter, impregnating it with thermosetting resin; curing it by heating; and then forming it by pressure. The functions of a wet paper friction member are influenced by a blend of the fiber base material, a filler and the friction modifier etc. which are main components of the paper body, and a method of surface finishing. Therefore, choice and blending amount of materials and methods of surface finishing have been researched for improvement of a wet paper friction member according to its use.
- In particular, it has been known that fiber ingredient has an important role in having an influence on porosity and flexibility of a friction member and thus having an influence on its friction property and mechanical strength and that a friction modifier also affects porosity and surface configuration of the friction member.
- For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a wet paper friction member characterized in that a paper body comprises cellulose pulp, a filler, and aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 250-440 ml and the amount of which is 30-80 wt % of the total weight of pulp, and also comprises a friction modifier containing diatomaceous earth the pipe section of which takes a shape of a netted cylinder with average length of 4-6 micrometers.
- This wet paper friction member achieves relatively superior friction property and compression fatigue strength by specifying the range of blending ratio of pulp fiber and the kind of diatomaceous earth in a friction modifier.
- [Patent Document 1]
- Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 026837/2000
- [Problems to be solved by the Invention]
- In a clutch and brake component of an automatic transmission, the function of transmitting torque is referred to as torque capacity, and is the most fundamental function for its design. It is desirable that torque capacity is high, but, when the frictional coefficient of a wet paper friction member is increased in order to achieve higher torque capacity, other functions of a clutch and brake component such as heat resistance and mechanical strength often tends to be deteriorated. Thus, a wet paper friction member which is excellent in torque capacity, heat resistance, and mechanical strength could not be easily produced.
- While the wet paper friction member of Patent Document 1 has relatively excellent torque capacity, heat resistance, and mechanical strength to a certain extent, it was not completely satisfactory.
- In view of the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a wet paper friction member which is used mainly in a clutch and a brake of an automatic transmission and has both excellent friction property and high frictional coefficient. Improvement-was made by focusing attention on pulp and diatomaceous earth in a friction modifier forming a paper body among compositions of a conventional wet paper friction member and its surface roughness. This successfully enables to provide a wet paper friction member which has excellent friction property, high frictional coefficient, heat resistance, and mechanical strength simultaneously, and has high versatility without limitation for its use.
- [Means to solve the Problems]
- The present invention solved the above-mentioned problems by providing a wet paper friction member which is produced by impregnating a paper body with thermosetting resin, curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure, characterized in that said paper body comprises cellulose pulp and a filler and further comprises aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 200-400 ml and aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 450-700 ml, respectively at 10-30 wt % of a total weight of the paper body, and said whole aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted comprises 30-50 wt % of a total weight of the paper body.
- [Function]
- The present invention can provide a wet paper friction member which is excellent in torque capacity, heat resistance and mechanical strength, since a paper body comprises cellulose pulp and a filler and further comprises aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 200-400 ml, and aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted to 450-700 ml, respectively at 30-50 wt % of a total weight of the paper body, and said whole aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted comprises 30-50% of the total weight of the paper body.
- A wet paper friction member according to the present invention is produced by blending a mixture of cellulose pulp, a filler, aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted and a friction modifier of specified shape and thus producing a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resin; curing it by heating; and then forming it by pressure. The paper body comprises two kinds of aramid pulp with the adjusted drainability of 200-400 ml and 450-700 ml, respectively at 10-30 wt % of the total weight of the paper body. The whole amount of aramid pulp the drainability of which is adjusted is 30-50% of the total weight of the paper body, and moreover, surface roughness is adjusted by a surface finishing process. Thereby, high frictional coefficient, heat resistance and mechanical strength are realized simultaneously.
- Drainability of aramid pulp which forms said paper body is adjusted. The term “drainability” herein defined is meant by an index to indicate a degree of being drainable of the pulp and to indicate a degree of having been stricken of the fiber. A testing method for “drainability of pulp” is defined in JIS P8121 and this method can be classified into “Canadian Standards Drainability Testing Method” and “Schopper Drainability Testing Methods”. In the present invention, the “Canadian Standards Drainability Testing Method” is employed.
- The smaller drainability is, the further the beating of fiber progresses and thus the splitting degree of each fiber increases. When the splitting degree of aramid pulp is increased, draining time for papermaking can be adjusted and a paper body with less surface roughness can be obtained, and moreover, the intertwist of fibers which is the frame of the paper body increases, and the surface area of the friction member which is in contact with the mating surface increases and excellent friction property can be obtained.
- When only aramid pulp with low drainability is used as aramid pulp forming a paper body, the amount of split fiber is large, and much resin adheres to knots of those fibers. Therefore, flexibility required for a wet paper friction member cannot be obtained, and the contact area with the mating surface decreases, and pore diameter is reduced, and excellent friction property and heat resistance cannot be obtained.
- When only aramid pulp with high drainability is used as aramid pulp forming a paper body, draining time in a papermaking process is reduced, and the surface roughness of a paper body tends to increase, and the texture of a wet paper friction member surface becomes rough, and the contact area with the mating surface decreases, and excellent friction property cannot be obtained, and at the same time mechanical strength decreases.
- When the amount of aramid pulp forming a paper body the drainability of which is adjusted is below 30 wt % of the total weight of a paper body, a paper body has a porous structure which is formed by fibers mainly made of pulp, and fiber section repeatedly bearing load tends to wear and break easily, and therefore, a wet paper friction member is likely to be worn down or torn off.
- When the total amount of aramid pulp forming a paper body the drainability of which is adjusted is above 50 wt % of the total weight of a paper body, the density of fiber increases, the flexibility of a wet paper friction material decreases, the contact area with the mating surface decreases, and excellent friction property cannot be obtained.
- In this connection, it is desirable that a friction modifier is blended at 30-60 wt % of a total weight of a paper body. The friction modifier comprises said diatomaceous earth, various graphite particulate matters, activated carbon, and inorganic fiber etc.
- In addition, thermosetting resin is impregnated into this paper body at a blending amount of 25-45 wt %, and then the paper body is cured by heating, and formed by pressure. It is desirable that resol-based phenol resin is used for the thermosetting resin.
- When surface roughness of a wet friction member is reduced, the number of the contact points as well as the contact area with other surface increases and thus frictional coefficient increases. This is mainly since shearing stress of a boundary lubricating film in a boundary lubricating area is increased due to an increase of the contact area.
- For example, high frictional coefficient can be obtained when a hard resin layer on the surface of a wet friction member is removed by a process of surface grinding etc. and the surface roughness is adjusted so that the load length rate Rmr (30%)≧55% as the load length ratio is defined by Rmr(C) (C: cutting level).
- On the other hand, when the surface roughness is such that the load length rate Rmr (30%)<55%, satisfactory contact conditions cannot be obtained, nor can high frictional coefficient be obtained.
- In this connection, the “load length ratio Rmr” is a surface texture parameter specified by JIS (JIS B0601-2001), which is a ratio of a sum total of base length of convex part of a measured curve to an evaluation length. The convex part extends above plus side relative to a cutting level when the measured curve is cut at a cutting level parallel to an average line. The ratio is shown in percentage (%). The cutting level is shown by the percentage to the maximum height.
- As for a method for reducing the surface roughness, there are methods other than said surface grinding, such as forming a paper friction member under the condition of high temperature and using different kind of resin for impregnation.
- The present invention will be concretely explained below referring to Example.
- A wet clutch disk was produced by blending a mixture of 10 wt % of cellulose pulp, 20 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 300 ml, 20 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 600 ml, and 50 wt % of a friction modifier comprising 28 wt % of cylindrical diatomaceous earth the size of which was 1-3 micrometers, and forming a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resin at 30 wt %; curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure; bonding it onto a core plate of steel with thermosetting resin; and grinding its surface so that its surface roughness was such that the load length rate Rmr (30%) was 70%.
- A wet clutch disk was fabricated by blending a mixture of 36 wt % of cellulose pulp, 7 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 300 ml, 7 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 600 ml, and 50 wt % of a friction modifier comprising 28 wt % of cylindrical diatomaceous earth the size of which was 1-3 micrometers and forming a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resin at 30 wt %; curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure; bonding it onto a core plate of steel with thermosetting resin; and grinding its surface so that its surface roughness was such that the load length rate Rmr (30%) was 60%.
- A wet clutch disk was produced by blending a mixture of 5 wt % of cellulose pulp, 35 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 300 ml, 35 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 600 ml, and 25 wt % of a friction modifier comprising 28 wt % of cylindrical diatomaceous earth the size of which was 1-3 micrometers and forming a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resin at 30 wt %; curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure; bonding it onto a core plate of steel with thermosetting resin; and grinding its surface so that its surface roughness was such that the load length rate Rmr (30%) was 60%.
- A wet clutch disk was produced by blending a mixture of 10 wt % of cellulose pulp, 20 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 300 ml, 20 wt % of aramid pulp the drainability of which was adjusted to 600 ml, and 50 wt % of a friction modifier comprising 28 wt % of cylindrical diatomaceous earth the size of which was 1-3 micrometers and forming a paper body; impregnating it with thermosetting resinat 30 wt %; curing it by heating and then forming it by pressure; bonding it onto a core plate of steel with thermosetting resin; and grinding its surface so that its surface roughness was such that the load length rate Rmr (30%) was 40%.
- The results of friction property evaluation, heat resistance evaluation, and compressed fatigue strength evaluation of a wet friction clutch disk produced by the above-mentioned process are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Comp. Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 blend cellulose pulp 10 wt % 36 wt % 5 wt % 10 wt % aramid pulp drainability 20 wt % 7 wt % 35 wt % 20 wt % 300 ml drainability 20 wt % 7 wt % 35 wt % 20 wt % 600 ml diatomaceus earth 50 wt % 50 wt % 25 wt % 50 wt % surface roughness Rmr (30%) 70% 60% 60% 40% friction property μd 0.155 0.155 0.129 0.145 revolution: 2940 rmp μs 0.087 0.086 0.075 0.080 surface pressure: μ 0/μd 0.92 0.093 0.94 0.092 0.95 Mpa oil temperature: 100° C. heat resistance μd decline rate 24% 55% 20% 25% calorific value (after 5,000 124 J/cm2 cycles) stroking amount of 140 μm 340 μm 120 μm 150 μm surface pressure: compression 11.8 Mpa (after 200,000 oil temperature: cycles) 120° C. - It is known from the results shown in Table 1 that Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 had high frictional coefficient, but, Comparative Example 1 had short life due to the lack of heat resistance and strength, and on the other hand, Comparative Examples 2 and 3 had sufficient heat resistance and strength, but their frictional coefficients were low.
- As explained above, according to the present invention, a wet paper friction member with excellent friction property, high frictional coefficient, heat resistance, and compression fatigue strength can be provided by adjusting the blending ratio and drainability of aramid pulp contained in a paper body of a wet paper friction member.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003142883A JP2004346988A (en) | 2003-05-21 | 2003-05-21 | Wet paper friction material |
JP142883/2003 | 2003-05-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20050034830A1 true US20050034830A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
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ID=33530817
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/847,641 Abandoned US20050034830A1 (en) | 2003-05-21 | 2004-05-17 | Wet-type paper friction member |
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JP (1) | JP2004346988A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050039872A1 (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2005-02-24 | Dynax Corporation | High torque capacity wet paper friction member |
US20090032361A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Dynax Corporation | Wet friction plate |
US20120028526A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Eaton Corporation | Friction member and friction material thereof |
US20120028035A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Eaton Corporation | Friction member and friction material thereof |
US8563448B2 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2013-10-22 | Eaton Corporation | Friction member and friction material thereof |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014077039A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-05-01 | Aisin Chemical Co Ltd | Wet friction material and method for producing the same |
JP6376688B2 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2018-08-22 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Semi-conductive roller |
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US4938843A (en) * | 1984-02-22 | 1990-07-03 | Mo Och Domsjo Aktiebolag | Method for producing improved high-yield pulps |
US5190991A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1993-03-02 | Nuturn Corporation | Brake linings |
US6121168A (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-09-19 | Dynax Corporation | Wet type paper friction material with combined improved friction characteristics and compression fatigue strength |
US6130176A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 2000-10-10 | Borg-Warner Inc. | Fibrous base material for a friction lining material comprising less fibrillated aramid fibers and carbon fibers |
US20020058728A1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-16 | Nsk-Warner K.K. | Method for manufacturing wet type friction material |
US6923889B2 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2005-08-02 | Upm-Kymmene | Printing paper |
-
2003
- 2003-05-21 JP JP2003142883A patent/JP2004346988A/en active Pending
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2004
- 2004-05-17 US US10/847,641 patent/US20050034830A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US4938843A (en) * | 1984-02-22 | 1990-07-03 | Mo Och Domsjo Aktiebolag | Method for producing improved high-yield pulps |
US5190991A (en) * | 1990-11-01 | 1993-03-02 | Nuturn Corporation | Brake linings |
US6130176A (en) * | 1993-08-04 | 2000-10-10 | Borg-Warner Inc. | Fibrous base material for a friction lining material comprising less fibrillated aramid fibers and carbon fibers |
US6121168A (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-09-19 | Dynax Corporation | Wet type paper friction material with combined improved friction characteristics and compression fatigue strength |
US20020058728A1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-16 | Nsk-Warner K.K. | Method for manufacturing wet type friction material |
US6923889B2 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2005-08-02 | Upm-Kymmene | Printing paper |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050039872A1 (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2005-02-24 | Dynax Corporation | High torque capacity wet paper friction member |
US20090032361A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Dynax Corporation | Wet friction plate |
US7980376B2 (en) | 2007-07-31 | 2011-07-19 | Dynax Corporation | Wet friction plate |
US8563448B2 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2013-10-22 | Eaton Corporation | Friction member and friction material thereof |
US20120028526A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Eaton Corporation | Friction member and friction material thereof |
US20120028035A1 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-02 | Eaton Corporation | Friction member and friction material thereof |
CN103038535A (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-04-10 | 伊顿公司 | Friction member and friction material thereof |
US8461064B2 (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2013-06-11 | Eaton Corporation | Friction member and friction material thereof |
Also Published As
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