US20050045336A1 - Propellant treatment and continuous foam removal of well debris - Google Patents
Propellant treatment and continuous foam removal of well debris Download PDFInfo
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- US20050045336A1 US20050045336A1 US10/650,709 US65070903A US2005045336A1 US 20050045336 A1 US20050045336 A1 US 20050045336A1 US 65070903 A US65070903 A US 65070903A US 2005045336 A1 US2005045336 A1 US 2005045336A1
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- foam
- tubing string
- propellant
- wellbore
- openings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/14—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using liquids and gases, e.g. foams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method and apparatus to stimulate a well through ignition of a propellant in a well adjacent openings such as perforations and then to immediately thereafter circulate foam for removing blockage material from an underground formation.
- the primary bottlenecks to the production of hydrocarbons from a well is the inflow rate from the hydrocarbon formation into the wellbore.
- the inflow is affected by near wellbore condition and formation characteristics.
- the near wellbore conditions and the formations of damaged wells can be positively influenced, with increased hydrocarbon production, through stimulation treatment.
- Methods for well stimulation include, but are not limited to, treatments with various chemicals, hydraulic fracturing where liquids are injected under high pressure (usually with propping agents), methods in which explosives are detonated within the formations to effect mechanical fracture, and combinations of the above procedures.
- Oil and gas wells are subject to many ailments, some of which are treatable.
- One such ailment is a blockage of perforations resulting in dramatic or catastrophic decline in production.
- Some formations, such as an unconsolidated formation contain fines, such as sand, which flow into the perforation and become trapped, creating a plug or blockage in the perforation.
- Other examples of blockages, or bridging are perforation debris, clays, silts, asphaltenes, drilling damage, and foreign or manmade objects. It is therefore desirable to remove these blockages from the perforations.
- the decreased viscosity of the wellbore fluid causes any resultant fluid and debris which has accumulated in the fractures to return into the wellbore. It is not disclosed if or how resulting accumulated and recovered debris is removed from the wellbore.
- Mohaupt teaches a technique for treating hydrocarbon wells, using two separate propellant ignition phases.
- a gas generator comprising a propellant charge, housed in a carrier having many openings, is lowered into the well in-line with the perforated interval.
- the gas generator is ignited and produces sufficient energy to breakdown and clean-out all of the perforations and create micro-fractures originating from the perforations.
- This is followed by igniting a second gas generator to inject a treatment liquid into the formation with energy less than that required to fracture the formation. No removal of resulting debris is contemplated.
- a process is described for formation treatment or stimulation and which accommodates clean-up of debris associated with the stimulation.
- a propellant is ignited adjacent openings to the formation and, substantially immediately thereafter, foam is continuously injected adjacent the openings and circulated up through a wellbore to remove debris from the formation and convey the debris therefrom.
- the tubing string extends sufficiently above the wellbore at surface to enable lowering of the tubing string and foam discharge port to below the openings for enhanced removal of debris.
- a process for treating a wellbore having openings in communication with a damaged formation comprises: running in a tubing string into the wellbore to position a propellant carrier adjacent the openings; overbalancing the wellbore to establish hydrostatic pressure on the formation; igniting the propellant so as to produce a pressure event and a volume of gas directed into the formation; injecting low density foam through the tubing string and into the wellbore at a location above the propellant carrier so as to reduce the hydrostatic pressure and produce at least some debris from the formation and into the wellbore; and conveying the debris from the wellbore by circulating the foam out of the wellbore at surface until sufficient debris is removed. Typically thereafter the tubing string is then removed. It is preferable to lower the tubing string during foam circulation so as to re-position the location of foam injection below the openings
- novel apparatus for achieving this process comprises: a tubing string in the casing and extending downhole from surface for positioning a propellant in a propellant carrier adjacent the openings and forming an annulus between the tubing string and the casing; means for igniting the propellant; and means, such as a foam discharge port in the tubing string adjacent and above the propellant, for injecting and circulating foam from an injection location adjacent the openings, up the annulus and out of the wellbore. More preferably, the tubing string extends sufficiently above surface to enable lowering the foam discharge port below the openings for enhanced debris recovery.
- FIG. 1 a is a simplified cross-section of a wellbore illustrating apparatus run in on a tubing string for placement of propellant carrier adjacent a formation before ignition;
- FIG. 1 b illustrates a partial cross-section of an optional arrangement according to FIG. 1 a without a lubricator
- FIG. 2 a is a simplified cross-section of a wellbore illustrating actuation of the tubing string for ignition and foam circulation;
- FIG. 2 b illustrates a partial cross-section of an optional arrangement according to FIG. 2 b for actuating ignition and foam circulation using pressure-actuation;
- FIGS. 3 a - 3 h are a series of schematics of a sequence of events according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of some steps of an embodiment of the invention according to FIGS. 3 a - 3 h.
- openings are referred to as perforations 11 which are to include other alternate openings enabling communication between the wellbore 13 and formation through the casing 12 including screens, and slots for example.
- debris is removed by igniting a propellant 16 in the wellbore 13 and then substantially immediately commencing to inject and circulate low density foam to the surface 18 for the removal of resulting debris.
- a suitable wellhead configuration comprises a spool 15 having a foam and debris outlet 19 providing communication with the wellbore 13 , a blow-out preventor 21 and a pack-off 22 at a wellhead W, and a pup length of tubing 23 with a foam injection inlet 24 .
- propellant 16 is ignited with the assistance of a lubricator 30 further comprising lubricator tubing 31 , a drop bar 32 and a trigger 33 such as a mechanical release mechanism or valve for temporarily retaining and releasing the drop bar 32 on command.
- a lubricator 30 further comprising lubricator tubing 31 , a drop bar 32 and a trigger 33 such as a mechanical release mechanism or valve for temporarily retaining and releasing the drop bar 32 on command.
- the propellant 16 may be pressure actuated, both embodiments being described in greater detail below.
- a candidate well is selected 100 ( FIG. 4 a ) and a workover string is prepared comprising a tubing string 40 fit at its distal end with a propellant carrier 26 having a firing head (not shown) and a foam injection means 28 such as a foam discharge port 29 in the tubing string 40 adjacent to and uphole of the propellant carrier 26 .
- the tubing string 40 is made up with conventional components to assist in establishing a tubing tally and the like.
- the tubing string 40 is lowered into wellbore 13 such that at 103 the propellant carrier 26 is located across from the existing perforations 11 communicating with the formation 10 to be treated.
- safe procedures must be used in a workover including proper tubing string entry techniques.
- the tubing string 40 is suspended in the wellbore 13 at the packoff 22 , the pup length of tubing 23 is installed, having sufficient length to manipulate the tubing string 40 from above the perforations to below the perforations.
- a lubricator 30 can be installed.
- a conventional wellbore liquid 43 is rapidly added to the wellbore 13 for increasing a fluid level 20 and resulting hydrostatic head to about maximum, sufficiently above the perforations 11 or productive interval, to place the well in an overbalanced condition.
- the propellant 16 is ignited and the foam discharge port 29 is opened, as described in process step 104 .
- the lubricator 30 temporarily houses the drop bar 32 and is used to cooperate with the firing head to initiate ignition of the propellant 16 .
- the foam injection means 28 comprises a differential fill flow sub forming the foam discharge port 29 .
- the fill sub remains sealed from the wellbore 13 , excluding liquids therefrom, until actuated by the falling drop bar 32 .
- the trigger 33 is actuated for releasing the drop bar 32 .
- the drop bar 32 actuates a firing head which ignites the propellant 16 .
- the drop bar 32 is fished out and re-set to repeat at 104 .
- the drop bar 32 also actuates the fill sub for opening the foam discharge port 29 .
- the firing head is pressure actuated. Accordingly, there is no need for a drop bar nor a lubricator.
- the foam injection means 28 comprises the foam discharge port 29 fit with a pressure-actuated plug.
- a pump 44 is employed to pressurize the tubing string 40 to a first pressure for initiating a pressure-actuated firing head. Unless the pressure-actuated plug is already opened due to the propellant ignition, further pumping is applied and pressure increase releases the pressure-actuated plug at the foam discharge port 29 enabling communication with the wellbore 13 .
- hydrostatic pressure of the liquid 43 in the wellbore 13 assists in directing the resulting high pressure event into the formation 10 rather than wasting the energy uphole. Rapidly expanding gas and pressure 45 assists in removing blockages from the formation 10 about the perforations 11 .
- conventional low density foam 46 is injected into the wellbore 13 through the foam discharge port 29 .
- the circulation of foam 46 is established through the injection inlet 24 at the pup length of tubing 23 at surface and wellbore liquid 43 and foam 46 are recovered from the wellbore 13 through the spool 15 at surface.
- the foam 46 dramatically lowers the hydrostatic head on the formation 10 stimulating production of formation fluids.
- the wellbore 13 is now exposed to larger formation pressure and inflow. As a result, debris is produced into the wellbore 13 .
- circulation of the foam 46 and its relatively high viscosity aid in conveying the produced debris up the wellbore 13 to the surface.
- the foam 46 is circulated and transports wellbore liquid 43 and debris to the surface 18 where it is removed with the foam 46 . Circulation of foam 46 ensures the capture and removal of substantially all produced debris, as the low density foam 46 rises to the surface 18 .
- the tubing string 40 when circulating foam 46 and for more effective removal of debris, the tubing string 40 is slowly lowered so that foam discharge port 29 is below the perforations 11 .
- the ability to lower the tubing string 40 and the depth it can be lowered is predetermined by the pup length of tubing 23 above the packoff seal 22 .
- the formation 10 is sufficiently rejuvenated so as to re-establish useful inflow.
- the tubing string 40 then raised to elevate the propellant carrier 26 above the perforations 11 and, at 111 , one of a variety of techniques can be used to apply sufficient hydrostatic head to kill the well before safely pulling the tubing string 40 from the wellbore 13 at FIGS. 3 g , 4 c .
- the methodology for killing the well is tailored to the particular well and can include simply diminishing foam circulation or circulating air to allow formation fluid 47 production to fill the annulus 13 and kill the well or more aggressively load up with a suitable wellbore liquid 43 .
- a production string 50 with pump 51 can be run in to re-establish production from the treated well.
- propellant carriers and foam formulations are known and include those set forth in Jennings Jr. U.S. Pat. No. 4,617,997.
Abstract
A damaged formation is stimulated by igniting a propellant adjacent openings in the wellbore in communication with the damaged formation. Substantially immediately thereafter, low density foam is injected adjacent the openings and circulated to the surface for the removal of debris released from the formation. A tubing string has a foam discharge port at a distal end and a foam injection port at surface. The tubing string extends sufficiently above the wellbore at surface to enable lowering of the tubing string and foam discharge port to below the openings for enhanced removal of debris
Description
- This invention relates to a method and apparatus to stimulate a well through ignition of a propellant in a well adjacent openings such as perforations and then to immediately thereafter circulate foam for removing blockage material from an underground formation.
- The primary bottlenecks to the production of hydrocarbons from a well is the inflow rate from the hydrocarbon formation into the wellbore. The inflow is affected by near wellbore condition and formation characteristics. The near wellbore conditions and the formations of damaged wells can be positively influenced, with increased hydrocarbon production, through stimulation treatment. Methods for well stimulation include, but are not limited to, treatments with various chemicals, hydraulic fracturing where liquids are injected under high pressure (usually with propping agents), methods in which explosives are detonated within the formations to effect mechanical fracture, and combinations of the above procedures.
- Oil and gas wells are subject to many ailments, some of which are treatable. One such ailment is a blockage of perforations resulting in dramatic or catastrophic decline in production. Some formations, such as an unconsolidated formation contain fines, such as sand, which flow into the perforation and become trapped, creating a plug or blockage in the perforation. Other examples of blockages, or bridging, are perforation debris, clays, silts, asphaltenes, drilling damage, and foreign or manmade objects. It is therefore desirable to remove these blockages from the perforations.
- One such method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,617,997 to Jennings, Jr. which teaches a method to create or enhance fractures in a formation and extending these fractures with foam generated downhole. A foaming agent is mixed with an aqueous fluid and placed into the wellbore fluid, the level of the wellbore fluid being above the perforations and productive interval of the formation. A propellant housed in a canister, which is attached to a retrievable wire line, is placed next to the fractures. The propellant is ignited creating heat, gas and pressure while simultaneously initiating the formation of foam. The foam enters the fractures under such increased pressure for extending the radial fractures. When the pressure decreases and the foam collapses, the decreased viscosity of the wellbore fluid causes any resultant fluid and debris which has accumulated in the fractures to return into the wellbore. It is not disclosed if or how resulting accumulated and recovered debris is removed from the wellbore.
- Another method is taught by Mohaupt in U.S. Pat. No. 6,138,753. Mohaupt teaches a technique for treating hydrocarbon wells, using two separate propellant ignition phases. A gas generator comprising a propellant charge, housed in a carrier having many openings, is lowered into the well in-line with the perforated interval. The gas generator is ignited and produces sufficient energy to breakdown and clean-out all of the perforations and create micro-fractures originating from the perforations. This is followed by igniting a second gas generator to inject a treatment liquid into the formation with energy less than that required to fracture the formation. No removal of resulting debris is contemplated.
- A technique to both remove blockage mechanisms, debris and fines from perforations and to ensure the complete removal of this debris from the wellbore is needed. Although blockage removal from perforations or fractures is a by-product of some fracturing procedures, the method and results vary. Jennings Jr. uses the foam primarily for a different purpose, to extend the fractures and is limited to the amount of foam produced by the foaming agent. Mohaupt breaks down debris and cleans-out perforations but does not remove the debris from the well. Mohaupt also does not use foaming techniques. If blockage debris and fines are not completely removed from the wellbore, the remaining debris can re-block perforations, erode production equipment and seals, or plug the outside or the inside of the production tubing reducing or totally restricting production. Well clean-out procedures would be repeatedly required at a large expense.
- A process is described for formation treatment or stimulation and which accommodates clean-up of debris associated with the stimulation. In one embodiment, a propellant is ignited adjacent openings to the formation and, substantially immediately thereafter, foam is continuously injected adjacent the openings and circulated up through a wellbore to remove debris from the formation and convey the debris therefrom. The tubing string extends sufficiently above the wellbore at surface to enable lowering of the tubing string and foam discharge port to below the openings for enhanced removal of debris.
- In a broad aspect, a process for treating a wellbore having openings in communication with a damaged formation comprises: running in a tubing string into the wellbore to position a propellant carrier adjacent the openings; overbalancing the wellbore to establish hydrostatic pressure on the formation; igniting the propellant so as to produce a pressure event and a volume of gas directed into the formation; injecting low density foam through the tubing string and into the wellbore at a location above the propellant carrier so as to reduce the hydrostatic pressure and produce at least some debris from the formation and into the wellbore; and conveying the debris from the wellbore by circulating the foam out of the wellbore at surface until sufficient debris is removed. Typically thereafter the tubing string is then removed. It is preferable to lower the tubing string during foam circulation so as to re-position the location of foam injection below the openings
- In another broad aspect, novel apparatus for achieving this process comprises: a tubing string in the casing and extending downhole from surface for positioning a propellant in a propellant carrier adjacent the openings and forming an annulus between the tubing string and the casing; means for igniting the propellant; and means, such as a foam discharge port in the tubing string adjacent and above the propellant, for injecting and circulating foam from an injection location adjacent the openings, up the annulus and out of the wellbore. More preferably, the tubing string extends sufficiently above surface to enable lowering the foam discharge port below the openings for enhanced debris recovery.
-
FIG. 1 a is a simplified cross-section of a wellbore illustrating apparatus run in on a tubing string for placement of propellant carrier adjacent a formation before ignition; -
FIG. 1 b illustrates a partial cross-section of an optional arrangement according toFIG. 1 a without a lubricator; -
FIG. 2 a is a simplified cross-section of a wellbore illustrating actuation of the tubing string for ignition and foam circulation; -
FIG. 2 b illustrates a partial cross-section of an optional arrangement according toFIG. 2 b for actuating ignition and foam circulation using pressure-actuation; -
FIGS. 3 a-3 h are a series of schematics of a sequence of events according to one embodiment of the invention; and -
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of some steps of an embodiment of the invention according toFIGS. 3 a-3 h. - With reference to
FIG. 1 a, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is desirable to dislodge blockage mechanisms or debris from the wellbore area of a formerly productive interval of anunderground formation 10 adjacent openings in acasing 12 of a wellbore annulus orwellbore 13. Herein, openings are referred to as perforations 11 which are to include other alternate openings enabling communication between thewellbore 13 and formation through thecasing 12 including screens, and slots for example. Generally, debris is removed by igniting apropellant 16 in thewellbore 13 and then substantially immediately commencing to inject and circulate low density foam to thesurface 18 for the removal of resulting debris. - The
formation 10 andwellbore 13, which is no longer producing desired or even commercial rates, is prepared for a workover treatment using an embodiment of the present invention. A suitable wellhead configuration comprises aspool 15 having a foam anddebris outlet 19 providing communication with thewellbore 13, a blow-out preventor 21 and a pack-off 22 at a wellhead W, and a pup length oftubing 23 with afoam injection inlet 24. - In one embodiment,
propellant 16 is ignited with the assistance of alubricator 30 further comprisinglubricator tubing 31, adrop bar 32 and atrigger 33 such as a mechanical release mechanism or valve for temporarily retaining and releasing thedrop bar 32 on command. Alternatively, thepropellant 16 may be pressure actuated, both embodiments being described in greater detail below. - With reference also to
FIGS. 3 a-3 h andFIGS. 4 a-4 c, a candidate well is selected 100 (FIG. 4 a) and a workover string is prepared comprising atubing string 40 fit at its distal end with apropellant carrier 26 having a firing head (not shown) and a foam injection means 28 such as afoam discharge port 29 in thetubing string 40 adjacent to and uphole of thepropellant carrier 26. Thetubing string 40 is made up with conventional components to assist in establishing a tubing tally and the like. - As shown at
FIGS. 3 a,4 a and at 101, thetubing string 40 is lowered intowellbore 13 such that at 103 thepropellant carrier 26 is located across from the existing perforations 11 communicating with theformation 10 to be treated. Of course, safe procedures must be used in a workover including proper tubing string entry techniques. Thetubing string 40 is suspended in thewellbore 13 at thepackoff 22, the pup length oftubing 23 is installed, having sufficient length to manipulate thetubing string 40 from above the perforations to below the perforations. Alubricator 30 can be installed. - In
FIGS. 3 b,4 a and at 104, aconventional wellbore liquid 43 is rapidly added to thewellbore 13 for increasing afluid level 20 and resulting hydrostatic head to about maximum, sufficiently above the perforations 11 or productive interval, to place the well in an overbalanced condition. - At
FIGS. 3 c,4 a, thepropellant 16 is ignited and thefoam discharge port 29 is opened, as described inprocess step 104. - As shown in
FIG. 1 a, in one embodiment thelubricator 30 temporarily houses thedrop bar 32 and is used to cooperate with the firing head to initiate ignition of thepropellant 16. Additionally, the foam injection means 28 comprises a differential fill flow sub forming thefoam discharge port 29. The fill sub remains sealed from thewellbore 13, excluding liquids therefrom, until actuated by the fallingdrop bar 32. As shown inFIG. 2 a, in the context of alubricator 30, thetrigger 33 is actuated for releasing thedrop bar 32. Thedrop bar 32 actuates a firing head which ignites thepropellant 16. InFIG. 4 b and at 105 and 106, should a misfire occur, thedrop bar 32 is fished out and re-set to repeat at 104. As well as igniting thepropellant 16, thedrop bar 32 also actuates the fill sub for opening thefoam discharge port 29. In an alternate embodiment, the firing head is pressure actuated. Accordingly, there is no need for a drop bar nor a lubricator. Additionally, the foam injection means 28 comprises thefoam discharge port 29 fit with a pressure-actuated plug. InFIG. 2 b, in the context of a pressure-actuated firing head, apump 44 is employed to pressurize thetubing string 40 to a first pressure for initiating a pressure-actuated firing head. Unless the pressure-actuated plug is already opened due to the propellant ignition, further pumping is applied and pressure increase releases the pressure-actuated plug at thefoam discharge port 29 enabling communication with thewellbore 13. - In
FIGS. 3 c,4 a, and at 104, hydrostatic pressure of the liquid 43 in thewellbore 13 assists in directing the resulting high pressure event into theformation 10 rather than wasting the energy uphole. Rapidly expanding gas and pressure 45 assists in removing blockages from theformation 10 about the perforations 11. - At
FIGS. 3 d,4 b and at 107 as soon as physically possible, substantially immediately after igniting thepropellant 16, conventionallow density foam 46 is injected into thewellbore 13 through thefoam discharge port 29. The circulation offoam 46 is established through theinjection inlet 24 at the pup length oftubing 23 at surface andwellbore liquid 43 andfoam 46 are recovered from thewellbore 13 through thespool 15 at surface. Thefoam 46 dramatically lowers the hydrostatic head on theformation 10 stimulating production of formation fluids. Thewellbore 13 is now exposed to larger formation pressure and inflow. As a result, debris is produced into thewellbore 13. Additionally, circulation of thefoam 46 and its relatively high viscosity aid in conveying the produced debris up thewellbore 13 to the surface. Thefoam 46 is circulated and transports wellboreliquid 43 and debris to thesurface 18 where it is removed with thefoam 46. Circulation offoam 46 ensures the capture and removal of substantially all produced debris, as thelow density foam 46 rises to thesurface 18. - At
FIGS. 3 e,4 b and at 108, when circulatingfoam 46 and for more effective removal of debris, thetubing string 40 is slowly lowered so thatfoam discharge port 29 is below the perforations 11. The ability to lower thetubing string 40 and the depth it can be lowered is predetermined by the pup length oftubing 23 above thepackoff seal 22. InFIG. 4 c and at 109, it can be desirable in some instances to stroke, or lower and raise, thetubing string 40 periodically to prevent lodging of the debris and sand flowing into thewellbore 13 between thetubing string 40 and well casing 12. This action is recommended to continue until sufficient debris has been successfully removed. - At
FIGS. 3 f,4 c once sufficient debris has been removed, theformation 10 is sufficiently rejuvenated so as to re-establish useful inflow. At 110, thetubing string 40 then raised to elevate thepropellant carrier 26 above the perforations 11 and, at 111, one of a variety of techniques can be used to apply sufficient hydrostatic head to kill the well before safely pulling thetubing string 40 from thewellbore 13 atFIGS. 3 g,4 c. Typically the methodology for killing the well is tailored to the particular well and can include simply diminishing foam circulation or circulating air to allowformation fluid 47 production to fill theannulus 13 and kill the well or more aggressively load up with asuitable wellbore liquid 43. - At
FIGS. 3 h,4 c, and as an objective of rehabilitating theformation 10, a production string 50 withpump 51 can be run in to re-establish production from the treated well. - Note that propellant carriers and foam formulations are known and include those set forth in Jennings Jr. U.S. Pat. No. 4,617,997.
- As suggested in
FIG. 4 a at 100, some wells are better candidates than others for this process, and while this process was developed for the criteria described below, is not limited to these applications: -
- The well would have a shut-in fluid level, or low cumulative production, to indicate some recoverable reserves are still in place;
- The well would have exhibited a dramatic, or catastrophic, decline in production, indicating a blockage mechanism has occurred and the decline rate is not natural depletion;
- Offset wells where previous re-perforating, and propellant stimulation operation has provided incremental production, even briefly, where the increased production may sustain due to the increased depth of stimulation from the propellant or removal of the debris by the stable foam operation;
- Wells with diagnosed shale collapse are excellent candidates due to suspicion of the presence of large particulate debris and suspicions that such deposits are a distance from the wellbore; and
- This method is further recommended in cases where less aggressive work over techniques have failed, or have failed to sustain increased production.
Claims (25)
1. A process for treating a wellbore having openings in communication with a damaged formation comprising:
running in a tubing string into the wellbore to position a propellant carrier adjacent the openings;
overbalancing the wellbore to establish hydrostatic pressure on the formation;
igniting the propellant so as to produce a pressure event and a volume of gas directed into the formation;
injecting low density foam through the tubing string and into the wellbore at a location above the propellant carrier so as to reduce the hydrostatic pressure and produce at least some debris from the formation and into the wellbore; and
conveying the debris from the wellbore by circulating the foam out of the wellbore to at surface until sufficient debris is removed.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the injecting of foam step further comprises lowering the location for injecting the foam from above the openings to a location below the openings.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the injecting of foam step further comprises continuously injecting foam while lowering the location of injecting the foam.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the injecting of foam step further comprises stroking the tubing string to periodically alternate the location of injection of the foam from below the openings to above and returning to below the openings.
5. The process of claim 1 where the propellant ignition step further comprises:
providing a lubricator having a drop bar and a trigger; and
triggering release of the drop bar to fall through the tubing string to the propellant carrier for actuating ignition of the propellant.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the injecting of foam step further comprises opening a port in the tubing string above the propellant carrier actuated by the falling drop bar for injecting the low density foam therethrough.
7. The process of claim 6 wherein the injecting of foam step further comprises lowering the port from a location above the openings to a location below the openings.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the injecting of foam step further comprises continuously injecting foam while lowering the location of injecting the foam.
9. The process of claim 6 wherein the injecting of foam step further comprises stroking the tubing string to periodically alternate the location of injection of the foam from below the openings to above and returning to below the openings.
10. The process of claim 1 where the propellant ignition step further comprises pumping liquid into the tubing string to a first pressure for actuating a pressure actuated firing head for actuating ignition of the propellant.
11. The process of claim 10 wherein the injecting of foam step further comprises pumping liquid into the tubing string to a second pressure for actuating a pressure-actuated plug to open a port in the tubing string above the propellant carrier for injecting the low density foam therethrough.
12. The process of claim 1 further comprising killing the wellbore and removing the tubing string.
13. A process for treating a wellbore perforated into a formation comprising:
placing a tubing string into the wellbore having at its distal end,
a propellant carrier containing propellant; and
means for injecting foam in the wellbore;
positioning the propellant carrier adjacent the openings;
overbalancing the wellbore;
igniting the propellant so as to produce a volume of gas sufficient to dislodge debris in the formation;
injecting low density foam into the wellbore adjacent the openings using foam injecting means; and
circulating the foam into and out of the wellbore for removing debris out of the wellbore.
14. The process of claim 12 further comprising killing the wellbore and removing the tubing string.
15. The process of claim 12 further comprising injecting the foam through a port in the tubing string adjacent the propellant carrier.
16. The process of claim 14 further comprising lowering the port to a location below the openings immediately after the foam injection is initiated.
17. The process of claim 15 further comprising the raising and lowering of the tubing string periodically while circulating foam so as to prevent a blockage of debris forming between the tubing and the well casing.
18. The process of claim 16 further comprising raising the port above the openings once an acceptable rate of production from the formation is achieved.
19. Apparatus for treating a wellbore having an opening in the casing which are in communication with a damaged formation comprising:
a tubing string in the casing and extending downhole from surface for positioning a propellant in a propellant carrier adjacent the openings and forming an annulus between the tubing string and the casing;
means for igniting the propellant; and
means for injecting and circulating foam from an injection location adjacent the openings, up the annulus and out of the wellbore.
20. The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising:
a pup length of tubing at the top of the tubing string;
a seal between the wellbore and the pup length of tubing; and
means for raising and lowering the pup length of tubing and the tubing string so as to move the injection location between a location above the openings to a location below the openings.
21. The apparatus of claim 19 where the means for igniting the propellant comprises:
a lubricator at surface atop the tubing string and having a drop bar releasably retained therein; and
a firing head at the propellant carrier and actuable to ignite the propellant when the drop bar is released to fall down the tubing string to the propellant carrier.
22. The apparatus of claim 20 where the lubricator further comprises a trigger so as to release the drop bar.
23. The apparatus of claim 18 where the means for circulating foam comprises:
a foam injection inlet in the tubing string at surface;
a port in the tubing string adjacent and above the propellant carrier; and
a foam discharge port from the annulus at surface.
24. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein the port further comprises a differential fill flow sub for blocking communication between the tubing string and the annulus until circulating foam.
25. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein
the means for igniting the propellant comprises a lubricator at surface atop the tubing string and having a drop bar releasably retained therein; and a firing head at the propellant carrier and actuable to ignite the propellant when the drop bar is released to fall down the tubing string to the propellant carrier;
the lubricator further comprises a trigger so as to release the drop bar; and
the port further comprises a differential fill flow sub for blocking communication between the tubing string and the annulus and actuable with the drop bar for circulating foam.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/650,709 US20050045336A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Propellant treatment and continuous foam removal of well debris |
US10/694,858 US7059411B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-10-29 | Process of using a propellant treatment and continuous foam removal of well debris and apparatus therefore |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/650,709 US20050045336A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Propellant treatment and continuous foam removal of well debris |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/694,858 Continuation-In-Part US7059411B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-10-29 | Process of using a propellant treatment and continuous foam removal of well debris and apparatus therefore |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20050045336A1 true US20050045336A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
Family
ID=34217233
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/650,709 Abandoned US20050045336A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Propellant treatment and continuous foam removal of well debris |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20050045336A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20110203792A1 (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System, method and assembly for wellbore maintenance operations |
US20120138302A1 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-07 | Wintershall Holding GmbH | Device and method for well stimulation |
CN104131796A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-05 | 吉林大学 | Well bottom foaming foam drilling method |
CN106779131A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Grease hole evaluates phase cumulative production Forecasting Methodology |
CN111364959A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-03 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Foam drainage gas production device for simulating shaft injection and rod throwing and simulation method |
CN115522905A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2022-12-27 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Methane explosion fracturing device for shale gas reservoir and control method thereof |
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US5441110A (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1995-08-15 | The Energex Company | System and method for monitoring fracture growth during hydraulic fracture treatment |
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US5888021A (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 1999-03-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for remediation of contaminated soil |
US20010004937A1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2001-06-28 | Humberto Leniek | Hollow tubing pumping system |
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US3559739A (en) * | 1969-06-20 | 1971-02-02 | Chevron Res | Method and apparatus for providing continuous foam circulation in wells |
US5441110A (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1995-08-15 | The Energex Company | System and method for monitoring fracture growth during hydraulic fracture treatment |
US5888021A (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 1999-03-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for remediation of contaminated soil |
US6336506B2 (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 2002-01-08 | Marathon Oil Company | Apparatus and method for perforating and stimulating a subterranean formation |
US5865254A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1999-02-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole tubing conveyed valve |
US20010004937A1 (en) * | 1999-05-19 | 2001-06-28 | Humberto Leniek | Hollow tubing pumping system |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20110203792A1 (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-08-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | System, method and assembly for wellbore maintenance operations |
CN102741500A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2012-10-17 | 雪佛龙美国公司 | System, method and assembly for wellbore maintenance operations |
US20120138302A1 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-06-07 | Wintershall Holding GmbH | Device and method for well stimulation |
US9109438B2 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2015-08-18 | Wintershall Holding GmbH | Device and method for well stimulation |
CN104131796A (en) * | 2014-08-12 | 2014-11-05 | 吉林大学 | Well bottom foaming foam drilling method |
CN106779131A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Grease hole evaluates phase cumulative production Forecasting Methodology |
CN111364959A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-03 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Foam drainage gas production device for simulating shaft injection and rod throwing and simulation method |
CN115522905A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2022-12-27 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Methane explosion fracturing device for shale gas reservoir and control method thereof |
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