US20050047948A1 - Light-weight metal squeeze casting of golf clubs - Google Patents

Light-weight metal squeeze casting of golf clubs Download PDF

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Publication number
US20050047948A1
US20050047948A1 US10/647,562 US64756203A US2005047948A1 US 20050047948 A1 US20050047948 A1 US 20050047948A1 US 64756203 A US64756203 A US 64756203A US 2005047948 A1 US2005047948 A1 US 2005047948A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal alloy
casting process
metal
components
golf club
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Abandoned
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US10/647,562
Inventor
Richard Cruz
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US10/647,562 priority Critical patent/US20050047948A1/en
Publication of US20050047948A1 publication Critical patent/US20050047948A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/02—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its peculiarity of shape; of works of art
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0896—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid particle transport, separation: process and apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the technology of metal casting and particular to the technology of casting golf club heads, components, and clubs.
  • This present invention is a method and means of casting state-of-the-art golf club parts out of magnesium and other light-weight metals by applying existing squeeze-casting or metal injection molding (MIM) technology to the unique problems of golf club manufacture.
  • MIM metal injection molding
  • Metals that have been used to cast golf club components can also be squeeze cast or made by MIM.
  • Such metals include aluminum, titanium, and magnesium.
  • the present invention applies squeeze casting and MIM technology to light weight metals such as magnesium and titanium.
  • the squeeze-cast golf club parts primarily heads, can then be machined and assembled together.
  • the weight of golf club heads can be significantly reduced by using squeeze cast or MIM casting for head components.
  • the weight savings can provide room for specialized weighting of the golf club head to accomplish various design and performance goals.
  • Squeeze casting or semi-solid casting, is a process of melting the subject metal alloy, pouring it into a half-open vertical mold/die, allowing it to become semi-solid, and then applying the top half of the die with pressure during the solidification process.
  • the cast is made with less pressure than required for ordinary forging and produces a product that is less porous and mechanically stronger.
  • Parts possessing greater detail and incapable of being forged can be cast by these methods, reducing machining and improving strength of the detail sections.
  • Automobile parts requiring high-quality metal construction, particularly safety features such as brakes and steering components, are now made by squeeze casting.
  • Squeeze-cast parts are more easily heat-treated and can be more readily welded, due to their low porosity. This means that unique golf club head properties such as strong bodies and hard face plates and sole plates can be accomplished by squeeze-casting or MIM casting. MIM parts can be produced from ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys.
  • components be squeeze cast or MIM cast out of separate magnesium or other metal alloys and treated separately, such as heat-treating face and sole plates to heat them for hardness.
  • the cast parts need less machining because of the qualities of the cast metal, reducing unique golf club production costs.
  • components can be welded, screwed or glued together more successfully due to the higher-quality, low porosity cast metal parts.
  • this invention uses squeeze casting to produce hollow golf club heads with minimal weight combined with maximum strength, so that custom weighting of the head can be performed. All of the light weight metal golf club head components can be squeeze cast, including titanium sole plates and face plates.
  • this invention allows the manufacturer to control the thickness of the metal in the walls of the club head and thereby control the weight.
  • the steps involved in applying squeeze casting to golf club manufacture involve 1) designing a mold or molds for the golf club parts, taking advantage of the unique properties of squeeze-casting to produce high-quality, light-weight metal parts, 2) selecting the appropriate alloy to be cast, based on intended strength, weight, and hardness of the part, 3) pre-heating the mold to receive the metal to be cast, 4) pouring a semi-solid mass of the alloy selected in 2) into the mold, 5) using the ram of the squeeze-casting machine to push the semi-solid metal into the mold with a pressure determined by the selection of metal and the tensile qualities desired in the part, 6) removing the finished part from the mold and performing subsequent trimming and finishing work.
  • the MIM process begins with the atomization of molten metal to form metal powders. Then, the metal powder is sieved followed by gas classification to alter the particle size distribution. The metal powder is mixed with thermoplastic binders to produce a homogeneous feedstock; with approximately 60 volume % metal powder and 40 volume % binders. Then, the feedstock is placed into an injection molder and molded to form a net shape green part.
  • Injection molding occurs at relatively low temperatures and pressures in conventional plastic injection molding machines.
  • the molds are similar to those used for plastic injection molding including slides and multi-cavity configurations.
  • two thermal processes occur. First, the binder is removed from the green part via an evaporative process called “debinding.” Second, after debinding the part is sintered to form a high-density metal part. Sintering occurs at high temperatures, up to 2300° F. (1260° C.), near the melting point of the metal; under a dry H 2 atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere.
  • the part will shrink isotropically to form a dense shape. Since, the complex shape of the molded part is retained through the process, close tolerances in the as-sintered part can be achieved. Scrap is eliminated or significantly reduced since machining of the part after sintering is usually not necessary.
  • magnesium and titanium face and sole plates cast with the above squeeze-casting process can be further heat treated to harden them and prepare them to be attached to the club head.
  • This hardening can be carried out without affecting the tensile strength of the club head bodies cast by this method, which are cast from different alloys and not heat treated.
  • This invention uses the above process, including several steps standard in squeeze--casting and MIM-casting, and applies it to aluminum, titanium and magnesium parts for golf clubs and for other purposes.
  • the preferred embodiment is applying this process to golf club head parts comprised of magnesium or titanium alloys.
  • Other applications of this invention can be made to other metal alloys to produce golf equipment without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention.

Abstract

An improved method and process of golf club manufacture is presented where some or all the components of the clubs are squeeze-cast or metal injection molded from light-weight metals. Components can be made of different metal alloys and then separately heat treated and then finally assembled by mechanical means.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This invention relates to the technology of metal casting and particular to the technology of casting golf club heads, components, and clubs.
    • BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • This present invention is a method and means of casting state-of-the-art golf club parts out of magnesium and other light-weight metals by applying existing squeeze-casting or metal injection molding (MIM) technology to the unique problems of golf club manufacture. Metals that have been used to cast golf club components can also be squeeze cast or made by MIM. Such metals include aluminum, titanium, and magnesium.
  • Squeeze casting of aluminum golf club parts has already been accomplished. The present invention applies squeeze casting and MIM technology to light weight metals such as magnesium and titanium. The squeeze-cast golf club parts, primarily heads, can then be machined and assembled together.
  • The weight of golf club heads can be significantly reduced by using squeeze cast or MIM casting for head components. The weight savings can provide room for specialized weighting of the golf club head to accomplish various design and performance goals.
    • OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • Squeeze casting, or semi-solid casting, is a process of melting the subject metal alloy, pouring it into a half-open vertical mold/die, allowing it to become semi-solid, and then applying the top half of the die with pressure during the solidification process. The cast is made with less pressure than required for ordinary forging and produces a product that is less porous and mechanically stronger.
  • Parts possessing greater detail and incapable of being forged can be cast by these methods, reducing machining and improving strength of the detail sections. Automobile parts requiring high-quality metal construction, particularly safety features such as brakes and steering components, are now made by squeeze casting.
  • Squeeze-cast parts are more easily heat-treated and can be more readily welded, due to their low porosity. This means that unique golf club head properties such as strong bodies and hard face plates and sole plates can be accomplished by squeeze-casting or MIM casting. MIM parts can be produced from ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys.
  • The method proposed is that components be squeeze cast or MIM cast out of separate magnesium or other metal alloys and treated separately, such as heat-treating face and sole plates to heat them for hardness. The cast parts need less machining because of the qualities of the cast metal, reducing unique golf club production costs. Finally, components can be welded, screwed or glued together more successfully due to the higher-quality, low porosity cast metal parts.
  • As a separate goal, this invention uses squeeze casting to produce hollow golf club heads with minimal weight combined with maximum strength, so that custom weighting of the head can be performed. All of the light weight metal golf club head components can be squeeze cast, including titanium sole plates and face plates.
  • As an additional goal, this invention allows the manufacturer to control the thickness of the metal in the walls of the club head and thereby control the weight.
    • DETAILED SPECIFICATION
  • Pursuant to this invention, precision castings of golf club components, such as putter heads and driver heads, sole, and face plates, can be achieved. Cast metal golf club parts that have complex inner geometries or require high-quality finishes can be produced without expensive machining. Light-weight metals such as aluminum, titanium, and magnesium alloys can be successfully cast in this manner, as well as various steel alloys.
  • The steps involved in applying squeeze casting to golf club manufacture involve 1) designing a mold or molds for the golf club parts, taking advantage of the unique properties of squeeze-casting to produce high-quality, light-weight metal parts, 2) selecting the appropriate alloy to be cast, based on intended strength, weight, and hardness of the part, 3) pre-heating the mold to receive the metal to be cast, 4) pouring a semi-solid mass of the alloy selected in 2) into the mold, 5) using the ram of the squeeze-casting machine to push the semi-solid metal into the mold with a pressure determined by the selection of metal and the tensile qualities desired in the part, 6) removing the finished part from the mold and performing subsequent trimming and finishing work.
  • The MIM process begins with the atomization of molten metal to form metal powders. Then, the metal powder is sieved followed by gas classification to alter the particle size distribution. The metal powder is mixed with thermoplastic binders to produce a homogeneous feedstock; with approximately 60 volume % metal powder and 40 volume % binders. Then, the feedstock is placed into an injection molder and molded to form a net shape green part.
  • Injection molding occurs at relatively low temperatures and pressures in conventional plastic injection molding machines. The molds are similar to those used for plastic injection molding including slides and multi-cavity configurations. After injection molding, two thermal processes occur. First, the binder is removed from the green part via an evaporative process called “debinding.” Second, after debinding the part is sintered to form a high-density metal part. Sintering occurs at high temperatures, up to 2300° F. (1260° C.), near the melting point of the metal; under a dry H2 atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere.
  • During sintering, the part will shrink isotropically to form a dense shape. Since, the complex shape of the molded part is retained through the process, close tolerances in the as-sintered part can be achieved. Scrap is eliminated or significantly reduced since machining of the part after sintering is usually not necessary.
  • As a continuation of the described process of this invention, magnesium and titanium face and sole plates cast with the above squeeze-casting process can be further heat treated to harden them and prepare them to be attached to the club head. This hardening can be carried out without affecting the tensile strength of the club head bodies cast by this method, which are cast from different alloys and not heat treated.
  • This invention uses the above process, including several steps standard in squeeze--casting and MIM-casting, and applies it to aluminum, titanium and magnesium parts for golf clubs and for other purposes. The preferred embodiment is applying this process to golf club head parts comprised of magnesium or titanium alloys. Other applications of this invention can be made to other metal alloys to produce golf equipment without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention.

Claims (5)

1. A precision casting process for golf club manufacture comprised of a casting process and a post-casting process,
the casting process producing metal alloy golf club components,
the post-casting process consisting of the steps of finishing the metal alloy golf club components and assembly of a golf club.
2. A precision casting process as in claim 1, wherein the casting process is comprised of the steps of designing a mold, selecting a metal alloy from the list of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, or steel, melting the metal alloy to a semi-solid state, adding the semi-solid metal alloy to the mold, pressing the semi-solid metal alloy into the mold with a ram to a pressure determined by the selection of metal alloy, removing the metal alloy from the mold and cooling the metal alloy.
3. A precision casting process as in claim 1, wherein the casting process is comprised of the steps of atomization of molten metal to form metal powders, sieving the metal powders followed by gas classification to alter the particle size distribution, mixing the metal powders with thermoplastic binders to produce a homogeneous feedstock, placing the feedstock into an injection molder and molding to form a net shape green part, removing the binder from the green part via evaporative debinding, sintering the part at high temperature in a dry H2 atmosphere or inert gas atmosphere.
4. A precision casting process as in claim 2, wherein the metal alloy selected is titanium for face plate and sole plate components and the step of finishing the metal alloy consists of annealing said face plate and sole plates, and where the metal alloy selected for the other components is magnesium.
5. A precision casting process as in claim 3, wherein the metal alloy selected is titanium for face plate and sole plate components and the step of finishing the metal alloy consists of heating said face plate and sole plates, and where the metal alloy selected for the other components is magnesium.
US10/647,562 2003-08-26 2003-08-26 Light-weight metal squeeze casting of golf clubs Abandoned US20050047948A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070078027A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Luk-Shan Wong Clubface of a golf club and method for fabricating the same
US20100234132A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Acushnet Company Metal injection molded putter
CN113547082A (en) * 2021-07-20 2021-10-26 上海电气集团上海电机厂有限公司 Casting method of flame-proof motor fan

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4592405A (en) * 1983-03-24 1986-06-03 Ae Plc Squeeze casting of articles
US5183096A (en) * 1990-03-15 1993-02-02 Cook Arnold J Method and apparatus for single die composite production
US5529108A (en) * 1990-05-09 1996-06-25 Lanxide Technology Company, Lp Thin metal matrix composites and production methods
US5715887A (en) * 1995-09-26 1998-02-10 Hosokawa; Toshihiro Metal wood golf head and metal wood golf club with this club head; and method for producing the club head and the golf club
US5908065A (en) * 1995-01-23 1999-06-01 Papervision Limited Apparatus and method for squeeze casting
US6258183B1 (en) * 1997-08-08 2001-07-10 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Molded product of amorphous metal and manufacturing method for the same
US6481088B1 (en) * 1997-07-09 2002-11-19 Akihisa Inoue Golf club manufacturing method
US20020190439A1 (en) * 1997-04-23 2002-12-19 Nelson Ronald H. Method of manufacturing a composite golf club head
US6723279B1 (en) * 1999-03-15 2004-04-20 Materials And Electrochemical Research (Mer) Corporation Golf club and other structures, and novel methods for making such structures

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4592405A (en) * 1983-03-24 1986-06-03 Ae Plc Squeeze casting of articles
US5183096A (en) * 1990-03-15 1993-02-02 Cook Arnold J Method and apparatus for single die composite production
US5529108A (en) * 1990-05-09 1996-06-25 Lanxide Technology Company, Lp Thin metal matrix composites and production methods
US5908065A (en) * 1995-01-23 1999-06-01 Papervision Limited Apparatus and method for squeeze casting
US5715887A (en) * 1995-09-26 1998-02-10 Hosokawa; Toshihiro Metal wood golf head and metal wood golf club with this club head; and method for producing the club head and the golf club
US20020190439A1 (en) * 1997-04-23 2002-12-19 Nelson Ronald H. Method of manufacturing a composite golf club head
US6824636B2 (en) * 1997-04-23 2004-11-30 Radius Engineering, Inc. Method of manufacturing a composite golf club head
US6481088B1 (en) * 1997-07-09 2002-11-19 Akihisa Inoue Golf club manufacturing method
US6258183B1 (en) * 1997-08-08 2001-07-10 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Molded product of amorphous metal and manufacturing method for the same
US6723279B1 (en) * 1999-03-15 2004-04-20 Materials And Electrochemical Research (Mer) Corporation Golf club and other structures, and novel methods for making such structures

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070078027A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Luk-Shan Wong Clubface of a golf club and method for fabricating the same
US20100234132A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 Acushnet Company Metal injection molded putter
US8007370B2 (en) * 2009-03-10 2011-08-30 Cobra Golf, Inc. Metal injection molded putter
CN113547082A (en) * 2021-07-20 2021-10-26 上海电气集团上海电机厂有限公司 Casting method of flame-proof motor fan

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